Missionary Activities and Church Organizations in Pennsylvania, 1830-1840

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1976

Missionary Activities and Church Organizations in Pennsylvania, 1830-1840

V. Alan Curtis Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Curtis, V. Alan, "Missionary Activities and Church Organizations in Pennsylvania, 1830-1840" (1976). Theses and Dissertations. 4631. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4631

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. missionary activities AND CHURCH organizations IN pennsylvania 183018401830 1840

A thesis presented to the department of church history and doctrine brigham young university

in partial fulfbulffulfillmenti llmentclment of the requirements for the degree master of arts

by VVO alan curtis april 1976 V this thesis 9 by ve alan curtiss is accepted in its present form by the department of church history and doctrineI1 of brigham young university as satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of masterofmasteroffMastemasterrofof arts

it lafoflafvf C bporteroporteroPorter committee chairman

donald aeqeQ cannoncannons committee membermemder

C to 6 Z se Zc ar&r faorbelgffor Ddauedabeameaye Y larrycorteLarrylaf CorteC ejaortersejAojaopa ortersortero riacting ep4rtmentdepartment chairman

typed by linda hone

ii acknowledgmentsKNO WLED GMENTS

the writer expresses appreciation to all who have helped make the present work possiblepossi blesbiesblee without the assistance of those named below and others unnamed this study would yet be uncompleted special gratitude is voiced to andrew jenson for paving the way many years agoagog appreciation is also extended to the advisory committeecommittees drs larry ceC porter and donald Q cannon for their suggestions and directiondirectionsdirectionsese valuable tips and background were also received from drsdrsoarso lamar C berrettBerberrettyrettsretty milton voV backman richard 0oe cowan and russell reR richrichsriche particular gratitude is offered to drs berrett and porter for providing a research grant which made possible a research trip to pennsylvania for a monthm in the summer of 1974 although the volume of material

that was found there was small 9 it was special and made a real contribution to the present study of course the single best source of information about missionary work in the 1830sISSOs is the historical department of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints appreciation is expressed to the entire staff of the historical department for being very helpful and cooperative especial gratitude is extended to marilyn iii iv seifert who started the author at 47 E south temple and to linda haslamhasiamhas lamiam who has given helpful leads over several summers with patient encouragementencouragementemence A multitude of people contributed to this study during the pennsylvania research triptripe sincere gratitude is expressed to richard keK wolfe in erie county pennsylvania president devon griffith in towanda pennsylvania and their families for providing the physical necessities and many comforts while the author searched in their areasareasfe former towanda mayor gene mccracken and his late wife helen will be long remem- bered for their research contributions thanks is also extended to paul rosenbaum for sharing his notes on the same subject the writer is especially indebted to president hugh Pinpinnocknocks his family and missionaries of the pennsylvania LDS mission for their valuable leads helpful cooperation and great spirits the saints of pennsylvania were all most cooperative and warm to the authorduringauthor during that valuable month among themtheme the writer is grateful for the personnel of the colleges and historical associations who responded to his questionnaire special thanks is given to francis strong spiers for her information about the missionary to her ancestorancestors erastus snow acknowledgment for cooperation and help is also extended to the county historical society personnel in erieerleerieserles bradford tioga and indiana countiesCountiesatiese appreciation is likewise felt v for the staffs of the county court houses in erie 9 bradford and tioga Councountiescountiesscountlesstiesstiese richard peP howard church historian for the reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day salsaisaintsantsnts independence missouri provided a cordial welcome and valuable assistance to this visiting researcher brent peterson of brigham young universityuniversitys educational media services was particularly helpful with the maps and photographs in the present workworks larry murdockmurdocks the documents and maps librarian at brigham young universityuniversitysuniversityos Os library also rendered valuable assistassistanceassistancesancesancee gratitude is extended to the staff of the library at BYU for many aandnd varied serviservicescese the authorauthorss bifwifwifeet carolynCaro lyntlyns and his studentstudentssp karlene smith marlene smith and kaye jordan were deliverers in an hour of need by typing questionnairequestionnairesss manuscripts and other material when it was needed others to whom the author would like to express gratitude include max parkinpatkins david whitaker eunice curtis recordrecords lareah gifford Torontorontotostop dean zimmerman and linda honehoneshonee special aopreciationappreciation is extended to the authors district coordinator lyman coC Berberrettberrettorettsretto for special encourage- ment and to his bishopbishops robert wassom who will be glad to have a first counselor again finally the writer expresses love and gratitude to carolyn a patient wife advisor and mother of six who will appreciate some new help and to six children who are growing up much too fast TABLE OF CONTENTS

page acknowledgments iii

LIST OF FIGURES 0 f 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 ix chapter

11eae introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

METHODS OF RESEARCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

delimitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

202 pennsylvaniapennsylvaniathe THE FIELD OF LABOR 0 9 e 0 0 6

pennsylvania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

THE messengers 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 9

330 THE LAMANITE MISSIONAMISSION A PRELUDE TO pennsylvania 0 0 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15

background 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 15

THE LAMANITE MISSION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16

MOVING TO OHIO a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19

4 pennsylvania THE ROAD TO THE EAST 0 s 0 0 22

BY LAND OR BY LAKE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22

JARED CARTER 183118 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25

ORSON PRATT AND LYMAN EsE JOHNSON 1832 0 28

ORSON HYDE AND SAMUEL Hho SMITH 0 0 0 0 0 29

JARED CARTER 183218 32 0 0 0 to 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32

HYRUM AND WIWILLIAMLLI AM SSMITHMI TH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36

vi vii chapter page

JOHN F BOYNTON AND ZEBEDEE COLTRIN 0 0 0 36

JOHN PF BOYNTON AND EVAN M GREENE e s s 37 DANIEL STEPHENS 45

DOCTOR PHIIASTUSPHILASTUS HURLBURT 0 0 0 0 0 46 EVAN Mme GREENEgreeene andwilliamAND willlamwllliamWILLIAM heH heH SAGERS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 47

LORENZO barnes1833BARNES 1833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48

AMASA M LYMAN AND WILLIAM F CAHOON 0 0 49

ZEBEDEE COLTRIN 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49

JOSEPH smithsSMITHSMITHO SIDNEY RIGDON AND FREEMAN NICKERSON 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 52

ORSON PRATT AND LYMAN E johnson1833JOHNSON 1833 0 53

conference IN SACO p MAINE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56

MOSES MARTIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 56

LORENZO barnes1835BARNES 1835 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57

EDWARD PARTRIDGE AND ISAAC MORLEY 0 0 0 0 62

AMASA Mme lyman1835LYMAN 1835 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63

JEDEDIAH meM GRANT 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63

LIBEUS toT COON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64

ALMON weW BABBITT AND BENJANINBENJAMIN BROWN 0 0 0 64

JOSEPH SMITH SENIOR AND HIS BROTHER JOHN SMITH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64

FINAL CURTAIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65

550 THE CHURCH IN BRADFORD AND TIOGA COUNTIES a 67

COLUMBIA AND RUTLAND BRANCHES ORIGIN 0 0 67

THE MISSION TO MENDON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 74

A TRIP TO COLUMBIA BRANCH AND THE GIFT OF TONGUES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 viivilviiii chapter page EXPANDING AND GATHERING 86

ZIONS CAMP 0 0 0 0 90

MORMON LAKE AND MORMON HILL 93

NAUVOO TIOGA COUNTYCOUNTYs pennsylvania 99 ab6b6 SOUTHWEST pennsylvania 103 ZEBEDEE COLTRIN AND JESSE GAUSE 103 AMASA MASON LYMAN AND zerubbabelZERUBBABEL SNOW 107 CARVEL RIGDON AND SAMUEL JAMES 1835 108

ORSON PRATT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 109

LORENZO barnes1836BARNES 1836 0 0 illlii

ERASTUS snow1836SNOW 1836 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 113

ERASTUS SNOWsnowjanuaryJANUARY 1837 0 0 0 0 0 0 124

FRANCIS GLADDEN BISHOPbishop18371837 0 0 0 0 0 124

ERASTUS SNOWMAYSNOW MAY TO decembersDECEMBERDECEMbersBERo 1837 9 0 0 126

ERASTUS SNOW 1838 s 0 0 0 6 Is 0 0 0 ft 132

SAMUEL JAMESjames18391839 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 136

ERASTUS SNOWsnow18401840 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138

770 THE philadelphia AREA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140

brandywine BRANCH 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 141

BRANCHES IN LANCASTER COUNTY 0 0 0 0 0 0 147

THE philadelphia BRANCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 it 0 0 150

880 SUMMARY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 APPENDIX erleERIEBRIE COUNTY BAPTISMS OF JOHN F BOYNTON AND EVAN M GREENE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 bibliography 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 LIST OF FIGURES figure page

1e1ae erie county pennsylvania to 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26

2 mormon imnrun 0 to 0 0 0 0 42

3 0 tioga and braafbradfbradfordord counties e 0 9 69

404 mormon lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95

545 mormon hill a 0 0 0 0 0 to 97 6 ridgeburyRidgebury township bradford county pennsylvania 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 98

7 0 liberty townshiptownships tioga county 0 pennsylvania e 0 e 0 0 101

8 nauvoo pennsylvania 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 mercery venango cey 9 mercermercers 9 lavrenLawrenlavrencelawrencecei butler and beaver counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105

10 butlerbutierbutlersbutlery armstrong and indiana counties 0 0 116 lislielle11 lancasterLancas tersterp chester and delaware counties 144 12 map of the state of pennsylvania in the LDS church library 0 e 0 0 a 0 0 0 157 13130 missionary journeys across and into pennsylvania s 0 e a 0 s s e e 9 158

ixIX chapter 1

introduction

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

five missionaries from the church of jesus chrchristchrishst of latterlatterdayday saints called on brigham young at mendon new york in january of 1832 0 they came from the columbiaco lumbigumbi a and rutland branches of the LDS church in northern pennsylvania historical accounts have given little information concerning the activities of these branchesbranchesecheso the story of their organization membershipmemberships and what became of those people as the church moved west has never been told the account of the two small branches in north central pennsylvania iisI1 s a part of the history of the

during the first four years after its organization in 1830 the church was known as the church of christ see the doctrine and covenants salt lake city the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1958p1958 20s920lp hereafter cited as dacd&cdacod&co then an 1834 conference of the church chose the church of the latterlatterdayday saints see joseph smithsmithssmithy history ofgf the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdaydaxday saints ededeedo boB H roberts ad2d ededaedo rev salt lake city deseret book cooscoopco 1969 II11 626362 6363v hereafter cited as hcaacaHC finally by divine decree april 2626p 1838 the official title became the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints see dacd&c 1154115 0 49 in the present paperpapers the church refers to the above organization

1 2 missionary work and growth of the church in Pennsylvapennsylvanianiaonlay that history likewise has not yet been written in his 1971 dissertationdissertations larry ceC porter treated mormon origins in new york and pennsylvania but limited his concern to joseph smithsmithssmithp his family and their immediate 2 contacts through 183118310 the only pennsylvania county treated in his work was susquehanna county andrew jenson compiled a manuscript history of missionary work in pennsylvania that is in the LDS church Q historical department in salt lake city 3 it brought together many ideas and clippings on the subject but left some very important gaps openopens similarly richard shelton Williawilliamsmsp in his thesis on missionary work in the new england states through 1850 only touched on missionary trips that crossed the state of 4 pennsylvanpennsylvaniai a 0

0 clarry2larrylarry ceC porterporters A study of the origins of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in the states of new york and pennsylvania 18161831181618161831111831183111 unpublished phd dissertation brigham young university 1971 appp 565 6 candrew3andrewandrevandrew jenson compcompecompo pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field MSS in the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints historical department in salt lake city nodednd the historical department hereafter cited as LDS church historical departmentDepartmentemento arichard4richardrichard shelton williams the missionary movements of the LDS church in new glandsenglandEn 183018501830185011830 185018501 unpublished MasterOsmasters thesis brigham young university 1969 3 this study is concerned with the background and history of the missionary work in pennsylvania as a part of the greater history of the church in the ISSOs18301se this study is also concerned with the results of that missionary0 1 work pennsylvania provided missionaries to teach brigham young and others and laid the foundations in philadelphia for the missionary work along the east coast some of her native sons were the converts who settled in missouri and joined in the march of zions campcampecampo the impact of the church in an area so close to kirtland is interesting to observe most of what has been written on the history of the church can be criticized on the grounds that it looks at history chiefly through the eyes of the leaders and key figures in that history this study presents additional information about so called secondary mormons who viewed and participated in church history while not sitting in council with its leaders this adds a depth of understanding about how the church and its message affected various kinds of people

METHODS OF RESEARCH

the major source of information on the subject of this study has been the LDS church historical depart- mentments their collection of journals 9 diaries and related material has provided the main body of information on 4 pennsylvania missionary work many hours have been spent in research there under a fellowship grant from brigham young university the writer spent one month in the summer of 1974 researching in Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias letters of inquiry were sent to 146 of the historical societies in the state that were listed in the directodirectoryry of historical societies and agencies in the united states and canada 5 similar letters were also sent to thirtythreethirty three of the statedstates colleges and universities as listed in american un- 6 versitiesversiiversitiesvers itieitletiesg and Collecollegesgesageso approximately 60 percent of the historical societies and 84 percent of the colleges and universities responded to the letters that research trip gave the author a valuable feel for the lay of the land it also provided numerous small but valuable bits of information which have been included in the present volumevolumes the study was also aided by personal correspondence with individuals in the keystone statestates

5 adonna5donnadonna mcdonaldmcdonalds compcompscompe and edosed directory and Aaenagenciesciescles in the united states societies 1 historical I and canabalcanadalcanada 1973741973 74 nashville the american association for state and local history and Maynarmaynarddp massachusetts inforonicstinforonicsf incasincosinc 197319739 PPppsppe 2192332192339219 2332339 awe 6weW todd furniss ediedsedeedo american universities and Collecollegesaes lithalthllth11th edede washington DCsdoce american council on education 1972 5 delimitation

this study has concentrated on pennsylvania and has only included other states as missionaries travels there might have required it likewise has been limited in time to 183018401830184001830 18401840o an attempt has been made to follow all missionalmissionarmissmissionariesionarlonar1 es 9 branches and conferences that could be identified within those limits chapter 2

pennsylvania THE FIELD OF LABOR

pennsylvania

the state of pennsylvania vaswaswas originally createcreatedd in a grant of land from king charles II11 to william penn dated march 4 1681 citcitizensizenseizens of the commonwealth of pennsylvania played a major role in the fifight9ht for inde- pendencependpendenceencee they participated both in ththechee halls of philadelphia and in the backwoods skirmishes with britishledbritish led Indianindiansstrsfasta pennsylvania was one of the original thirteen colonies her people hailed from a wividewidede variety of homelands and ckgroundsobabackgrounds one early hihistoriansto ri an painted the following word picture of post revolutionaryrevolutionarywarwar pennsylvaniPennpennsylvaniasylvani a A birdsbirdseyeeye view of pennsylvania in 1783 will show the friends possessed of a prosperous and thrifty metropolimetropoliss and rich fields in philadelphia and the adjoining counties the german profitably and industriously settled on the eastern base kittotcheteene or blue hills from the delaware to the susquehanna holding that rich agricultural territory as she holds it yetyeteyeto the Scotchscotchirishscotch irish in cumberland valley and pushing up the juniata and winding around the spurs of the alleghenies into the then counties of Bedforbedforddp and westmorelandwestmorelandeWestmo relande the yankees seated in the valleys of the north branch of the susquehanna the rest of the state except some valleys of the west branch was an

6 7 unbroken wilderness the total population did not exceed 3300003 30 000ooo 1 that was 1783 the yankee portion of the settlers claimed right to their lands through the plymouth council charter from king charles II11 dated april 23 166216629 the two charters from king charles II11 overlapped considerably which resulted in yankees from connecticut claiming some of the same land that was claimed by pennsylvaniapennsylvanias susquehanna company the long bitter and bloody conflict that grew from the overlapping claims has been called the first and second Pennpennamiteamite and yankee wars hostilities began in 1768 and lasted off and on for over twenty years sonsomsomee compromises of the 1790s allowed the connecticut settlers to register their claims with pennsylvania and finally resolved the 2 conflictconflict1 1 by 1830 the population in pennsylvania was con- centratedcentrated in the area of philadelphia and pittsburgh with only a sparse distribution in the north central portion of the state 3

ahe1heH coC bradsby history of cocounty 0 bradford pennsylvania with biographical selections chicagochicagot soS Bbe nelson and cootcoosco 1891 ppe 126 1271270 21bidsbid ppapoppo lillii1111491111111490149 ssamuel3samuelsamuel george ellsworth A history of mormon missions in the united states and canada 183018601830186011830 186018601 unpublished phd dissertdissertationationo university of california at Berkeberkeleyleysleyo 1953v1953 ppo 342 8 in those early days of the church in this dispen- lationssationssation transportation was much slower and less certain than it is today often the lengthlengthslengthy distance and even the success of the early shorttermshort term missions6 were largely dependent on the weather and the means of travel which were availavailableavailablesabiesablesablee the existing roads and waterways were used wherever possible of particular importance were the routes which linked the birthplace of the church in new york with the kirtland ohio area those routes usually crossed the comercorner of Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias an 1832 gazetteer of pennsylvania praised the states roads and claimed for the state the honor of having constructed the first stone turnpike in the unionunions and also the first canal over one hundred miles in length the first turnpike was a sixtytwosixty two mile 465000 project by a private companycompanyeanyo it connected lancaster and philadelphia and was completed in 1794 during the next thirtyeightthirty eight yearspearsoyearso over two hundred turnpike companies built r0roadsraads in every part of the stateshatesstates 4 another author concurred and added some detail about the turnpikes that carried many missionaries to their fields of labor pennsylvania is distinguished for the number and excellence of her turnpike roads which traverse the surface of the state in every direction0 and extend their several branches to the most remote

4 4thomasbthomasthomas feP gordon A gazetteer of the state cof pennsylvaniapgnngalvaniaylvania9 philadelphia T beibelknapBelknaps 1832p1832 pep 35350 9 districts these roads are usually constructed of a bed of broken stoneshonestonessconestoney from one to two feet thick having a convex surface so as to permit the water to drain off freely and sufficiently wide to allow the passage of two or three carriagecarriagess abreast on each side of this artificial road is another tracktracks commonly called the summer road which is made on the natural soil and being generally smoother than the stoned road is usually preferred when the ground is dry on the steep mountain sides the turnpikes ascend by a winding series of regularly graded slopessiopes seldom exceeding three or four degrees no anglegngleangieangle exceeding five degrees being permitted by lavlawiavalawslawa 5 the people of northwestern pennsylvania and of the state as a whole felt the influence of the second reformation and thus many were prepared to hear the falnessfulness of the gospel camp meetings were held by a combination of faiths as early as the fall of 1826 at meadville they were patterned after the originals in cane ridge kentucky in 180018011800 1801 being similar in the manner of worship and conversions one pennsylvania historian defended the meetings by writingwritings while a great deal of harsh criticism has been made against this mode of religious worship there is one thing that must be admittedmanyadmitted many bad wicked parsonspgrsonspersons were changed into good religious people 0

THE messengers

As elders began to march into Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias they undoubtedundoubtedlylyslyp shared many characteristics with the

acharles5charlescharlescharies B trego geography of pennsylvaniapennsylvania philadelphia edward cisCCIO Briddbriddlebriddielesieslep 1843 ppe 1621631621630162 163

awilliam6williamwilliam james mcknight MD A pioneer outline 10 missionaries that marched into other states the message they bore and the typical method for declaring it were basically the same among the emissaries of the church in the ISSOs ellsworth listed the doctrines that were being taughttaughtsnaughts any systematic presentation included some con- sideration of the mormon view of historyhistoryy the book of mormon and its purported origin leading up to the restoration theme with emphasis on the claim of the presence of divine authority and the gifts of the spirit in the church elders were frequently admonished to teach only first principles and to leave alone the mysteries the incomprehensibles and the unexplained first principles meant supporting from the bible as nearly as possible the mormon position on faithfalthfaiths repentance baptism the gift of the holy ghost and the signs which the new testament promised would follow those that believed the doctrines of the gathering of the saints and of zion veresweres of coursecourses important too the saints were preparing for the messianic reign of peace of a thousand yearsyearse 7 ellsworth also discussed the proselyting litera- ture that the missionaries used the book of mormon was number one in mormon theology as well as first in use by the elderseiders ellsworth wrote it was both prior in time and in rankranke this was the book upon which joseph smithsmi th laid claim to being a prophet 8

history of northwesternnorthwestgrn pennsylvaniapennsylvaniatpennsylvanianm 178018501780 1850 philadelphia jaj9J B lippincott company 9 1905

ellsworth ppo 50

8i1did81bidso ppo 40400 11 another important feature of mormon theology was the claim to direct divine revelation through joseph smith the prophetProppropheteheteheto those revelations and copies thereof became vital tools in the missionaries hands the first published form that contained some of the revelations was the monthly newspaper the evening and morning 9 star As the irstarstfirstf in a long seriesserles of periodicals published by the church the star also contained other items of special interest to church members and investi- gators 10 in 1835 some of the revelations were published under the title of doctrine and Covenantcovenantsse the latterlatterdayddayay saintssaintal messenger and adadvocateate 11 replaced the star with the october 1834 number the above items were used by the missionaries to teach and convince the number of books and periodicals sold by a missionary was sometimes listed as a measure of his success or a report of his activities in the fieldfieldsfielde another measure of success that was commonly listed vassvaswasswaswasp of course the number of people who requested

athe9thethe evening andnd Morncominermominermornillgillg star lindinEIneindependencereindependencedependenceindependence missouri and kirtianKirtlankirtlanddv ohionohlohiohiojoj june 1832 septemberseptembers 183418346

10ellsworth ppsppe 414241 42 11 latterlatterdayday saints messenger and advocatadvocate ekirtlandkirtland s ohionohiojohio 183418371834183701834 1837 12 and received baptism at a particular missionarymissionarysos hands once baptizebaptizeddp many of the new converts seemed to be set upon by a compelling desire to proclaim his new found truthtruthstruthe the first people with whom he would share the gospel would be his closest relatives and friendfriendsso As stated by ellsworth proselyting activities themselves camealmostcame almost without exceptionfromexception from the spontaneous expression of an individualanindividualunindividual life based upon what was to each man an individual testimony concerning the faith he believed and taughttaught1212 many men tested the truth of the missionaries message by an appeal to the scriptures and almost immediately began to teach from the same scriptures again in Ellsworthellsworthsellsworthtsts words it was not uncommon in the earliest days of the movementmovements for a man to hear mormonism preached one day be baptized the next be ordained an on the following day and the day elder 6 after that to be out preaching mormonismmormonism1313 As the years rolled ontonson the organization of the church progressed and the missionary work came under more and more central controlcontrols after several men were ordained high priests at the conference of june 1831 missionaries began to note that they had been sent forth by a council of high priests part of the business of the various conferences that the elders or official members of the church held in many places was to name

12 Ellswortellsworthhp pep 38038 131bidopibid apppppe 38393839038 39 13 certain elders to travel to various fields of laborlaborslabore when the first quorum of seventy was called beginning on february 28328928 1835 they also began to send missionaries forth and apparently to exercise some controlcontrols however the spontaneous apsect of the work was preserved as a major characteristic throughout the 1830s it was noted that the typical technique that missionaries employed was to make arrangements to use a local school househouseshousep sectarian chapel court househouseshousea or other public or private builtinbuildinbuilding and then inform others of a scheduled etingeNmemeetingermeetingenmeetingmeeting1414 the elders commonly referred to that as giving out an appointment 0 frequently people came forth to oppose the vorkworkworks sometimes debates were arranged which lasted ffromrom a couple of hours to a ffewew days the missionaries always noted that truth prevailed sometimes the missionaries labored from house to house or labored in private with an individualindividuals but the most common approach was giving out an appointment when someone desired baptism they came forward at a meeting and arrangements were made for the ordinance after a few people had received the gospel in an area then other missionaries who traveled through that area would visit among

14maxmax ho parkinparkins A study of the nature and causes of external and internal conflict of the mormons in ohio between 1830 and 1838183811 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1966 ppe 138 14 the saints and strengthen themthemethema Frequentfrequentlylyslyp successive visivlsivisits6 ts would be crowned with additional baptisms when the number of members in a locality was great enough a branch of the church was organized the organization was accomplished by ordaining an elder or other official member to watch over the church in kirtland the school of the prophets and the school of the elders were convened for the purpose of training prospective missionaries the former involved a selected few in 1833 and the latter extended the coverage in0 1834 and 1835 the prophet identified the main purpose of the latter as being to qualify the elders as messengers of jesus christchrish to be ready to do his will in carrying glad tidings to all that would open their eyes ears and heartshearte 15 the elders met daily and studied a variety of secular as well as theological subjectsubjectsso after about eighteen weeks the school closed and the elders went into various fields of laborlabore 16

15 HS ilslisII11011 ppo 176 orien160rienorlen curtis petersonpetersons A history of the schools and educational programs of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in ohio and missouri 1831-18311- 183983911 unpublished masters thesis brigham young universiuniversityuniverseUniversity 1972 ppeppa 343534 35 parkin p 1451450 chapter 3

THE LAMANILAMANITETE MISSIONMI SS I1 ON A PRELUDE TO pennsylvania

background

one of the most striking and convincing outgrowths of the spiritual experience of the fourteen yearoldyear old joseph smith near palmyra new york was the impact of his message on those who accepted ititeito young joseph claimed the savior told him that the existing churches were abominations in his sight thisthithl s nece- ssitated a restoration of the church and authority that jesus had left with his apostles when he ascended into heaven in the years between 1820 and 1830 joseph grew to manhood the book of mormon was publishpublishededteds a restoration of godtsgod priesthood was claimed and the circle of close friends who had heard the story of the grove grew slowly april 6 1830 saw six men participate in the organization of the church in peter Whitwhitmermertmers sros home oliver cowdery preached the first public sermon of the 1 new group on sundaysundays april ilslis11011 183018300

1hcjhcC IsI1 pep 81

15 16 once this foundation was laid the message of restoration was spread with redoubled enthusiasm in the next few months 9 centers of church membership were established in Manmanchesterchesterrchesters wayne county fayette seneca 20 county and lesvillecolesvilleColescolesvillesCo villes broome county new york As converts became convinced of the truth of the book of mormon and of their need for baptism they joined the church and usually immediately became concerned for their friends and relatives who had not yet embraced the gospel as they then understood ititsite therefore the new convert set off on a short term selfselfappointedappointed mission

THE LAMANITE MISSION

one of the first divinely appointed and directed missions was the lamanite mission which was also an exception to the short term and distance rule of most of the missions of that day oliver cowdery was called 3 to preach to the lamanitesLamanites by revelation he was told to delay his departure until after the conference of september 26 1830 for which they were then preparing

9 clarry2larrylarry ceC porterporters A study of the origins of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in the states of new york and pennsylvania 18161831181618161831111831183111 unpublished phd dissertationdissertations brigham young university 1971e1971 fccsoc3d&cscc 28028 17

peter Whitwhitmermersmerv jr s was appointed to go with his brother oliver during the conference 4 following the conference parley Ppe pratt and ziba peterson were 5 designated by revelation to join the lamanite mission 4 their mission had been appointed to be on the borders by the lamanitesLamanites which was understood to be the western 1limitsimiits of the united states missouri being the western most statestates it was october of 1830 when the four men took leave of their friends in new york and started westwardvesweswestwardontwardonon footfootefooto in the vicinity of kirtland ohio the men decided to call on sidney rigdon parley pe pratts former pastorpastore the work of the missionaries in northeastern ohio was very fruitful one of their convertsconvertst lyman wight later summarized their efforts by writing during the seven weeks they tarried they succeeded in building 616116666 a church of 130 members 0 0 before continuing on their mission the missionaries ordained some elders to presipreslpresidede over the new converts however all but lyman wight left immediately for new york missouri or other places leaving elder wight in charge of the foundling

4d&cC 30 fccsoc5d&cscc 32320 glymanlyman wightwights letter to wilford woodruffwoodruffs dated mountain valleyvailey texas august 24 1857 among wilford woodruff papers in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentp hereafter cited as lyman wight letter 18 branchbranchebrancha in a letter written some twentyseventwenty seven years later wight recalled those early daysdayss

0 0 thus you will see I1 was left alone with the whole church on my hands and the first elders I1 saw after this ware sic from the state of NY in all this I1 give you but a few instances out of hundreds I1 next come to the commencement of my preaching and labors in the church on the 21st novembernovembers 1830 I1 made an appointment to preach and filled the same with out any serious difficulty and on the 22nd I1 was called upon to baptize three persons namely ira smith louisa smith and benjamin crandlecrandie thus performing all the rites and ceremonies of the church with but little further embarrassment fully believing that I1 was authorisedauthorized sic of our lodlord and savior jesus christschristy my travels being limited to the borders of penn sanduskysanduckySanducky sic river and the intermediate counties mareingmakeing sic a distance of two hundred milesmiless baptized 373733 9 organized 8 churches8churches ordained & 50 elders many priests 9 teachers deacons on the ath4th of june a conference was held at kirtland ohio represented by all the above mamed sic branches 7 the prophet joseph smith sent john whitmer from new york to preside in the kirtland areaareas elder whitmer arrived in midjanuarymid january and 9 finding the job too big to handle alonealones he sent for joseph to come immediatelyimmedi atelyo joseph came to kirtland on february 11pap 1831 at a conference held on june 49 lyman wight and several others were ordained high priests elder wight testified regarding his mission and claimed that afterafter I1 had been ordained to the celcismelcismeichiMelchimelchisedecmelchisedeksedekedek priesthood by him who holds the keys to the last dispensation of god on earthearthsearthy on the ath4th day of june 19319 I1 immediately took my up travelstraveistravelstelsoeiso9 proclaiming to all the inhabitants

77ibideibid 19 of the earthearths withersoeverwitherwhithersoeversoever I1 camecames to repent yeyesyep repent ye and be baptized for the remission of your sins and tarry not in all the plains neither in the hills nor in the mountains nor in the valleyvaileyvalleysvalleyssss but go forth with all your flocks and your herds your gold and your silver your precious stones and with the box the firfirsirp and the pine trees and consecrate all your precious jewels and earthly treasures and in fine all you possess unto the lord even the lord of the whole earth for the building up of zion and an holy temple unto the lord your god and thus did I1 go forth8fortha

MOVING TO OHIO

josephjoiseph smith and sidney rigdon were commanded by 90 the lord to go to the ohio in decemberdecembers 183018300 by the end of 1830 three branches of the church had been organized in the state of new york ColeslesvillecolesvillecolesvillesCo villes fayette and manchesterManchesterschestere at a conference of the church in fayette on january 2v2av 1831 those members in new york were commanded to go to the ohio and there you shall be endowed with power from on highhighe 610110 joseph his wife emma sidney rigdon and edward partridge journeyed to kirtland in the latter part of Janujanuaryarye there they found a branch of the church numbering approximately one hundred joseph and emma stayed at the home of newel K whitney for the first

8ibidebid

9d&cC 3713710 10 HCVHC I1 ppsppe 140142140 142 dacd&c 3832 20 several weeks in Kirtkirtlandlandeiandalanda joseph had seen in vision brother whitney and his wife as they were praying to know how they might obtain the gift of the holy ghostghosts in addition to the branch in kirtland there were at least two other branches in the western reserve in mentor and in warrensvillewarrensvilleeWarrensvillevillee 12 it can be assumed that missionary work was proceeding rapidly by the fact that about two thousand members gathered at the fourth general con- 13i ference of the church in june 183118310 the lamanite missionaries1 9 1 had baptized 127 john murdock had baptized between seventy and eighty simeon carter had added sixtysixtys 14 in addition lyman wight aimedalmedclclaimed to have baptized 373 organized 8 churches ordained 50 elders many priespriestspriestsoI1 tso teachers & deacons all of whom he deprerepre senteddented at the general conference in junejuneo 15 wightswighfs

HSHCO isI1 pps 1451461451469145 1461469 12 max hoH parkinparkins A study of the nature and causes of external and internal conflict of the mormons in ohio between 1830 and 1838183811 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1966 pep 44 13 george aoqoQ cannoncannons the life of josephjosei2hjoseiph smith ththe prophet ad2d ededsede salt lake city deseret newsnewso 1907p1907 psp 1131139 14 samuel george elellsworthIsworthworch A history of mormon missions in the united states and canada 18301860183018301860111860186011 unpublished phd dissertation university of california at berkeley 1953p1953 pep 90 parley Ppe pratt auto- bibiographygraphyqraphy of parleparieparley parker prattpratttpratts ed parley poP prattprattspratto jrjre salt lake city deseret book company 1970 ppe 48p48 51 parkinparkins ppo 51 15lyman wight letterlettero 21 figurefigures recalled twentysixtwenty six years later 9 seemed to be out of line with whitmers estimate and with what the prophet joseph found when he arrived Hohoweverveverswevers wight referred to his daily journalsjournjournalstjournalistalstalssaiss although they cannot be located novnovtnownowtnows in adding up the number of converts over four months elapsed between Josephjosephsts arrival and the june conference As wight is also allowed the two hundred mile distandistancedistancescescep and the possibility of some coming from greater distances than that to be baptized and then returning to teach their families his accounting might be accurate one such man from a greater distance his family and branch of the church in pennsylvania has been the subject of a later chapter in this study he may be merely representative of others yet to be found thus joseph smith and the church were head- quartered in kirtland and many people were embracing the gospel in that area the stage was then set for missionaries to begin their march to the east into and across the state of pennsylvania chapter 4

pennsylvaniapennsylvaniathe THE ROAD TO THE EAST

although some of the new converts lacked the desire or the ability to leave all else and immediately set out to teach their new found truths there were many who did most of those who did found plenty of work in the western reserve and the nearby counties of ohio there were quite a fewfews howeverhoveverswevers who ventured into erie county just across the border in pennsylvania and labored there with considerable success before either continuing on to points further east and north or before returning to kirtland

BY LAND OR BY LAKE

As missionaries left for the easteasto ll11 they had to decide if they would travel by land across erie county 9 Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias or by lake across lake erie to points in new yorkyorkeyorko the advantages of being able to teach along the way if by land and the greater cost if by water caused most to choose the former however lake erie was a possibility and one who chose it was almon we babbitt on his second mission to pomfret chautauqua county new york in 1835 elder babbitt about twentyonetwenty one years of

22 23 age and his seventeenyearoldseventeen year old companion benjamin feF johnson ventwent by boat from fairport ohio to Dundunkirkkirks new york and on footfoot to poffpomfpomfretret 1 A valuable transportation statistic for lake erie in 1831 lists the following vessels eleven steamboats aggregating 2260 tons and 100 sailing vesselsvesseisvessellovesselsovesyesselssseissselso averaging seventy tonsoll2tons 2 lucy mack smith also painted a picture of considerable commerce activity on lake erie 3Q as she told of leading a company of saints to kirtland 0 the major distances were listed as erie to buffalo by lake erie eightyfiveeighty five miles and erie to cleveland ninety miles 4 fairport harborharbors which still does

business today 9 was not listed as was also the case with Dundunkirkkirkakirko however dunkirk is about equidistant between erie and buffalo and fairport is about thirty miles from cleveland that makes the distance for brothers babbitt and johnson on the water about one hundred miles

1benjaminbenjamin feF johnson layleymy lifeslife review independence missouri zions printing and publishing cocoecoo coc 1947 pop 21 2benjamin2 benjamin whitman nelsons biographical dic- tignactignaationary and historical reference book of erie cocounty 0 Pennpennsylvanipennsylvaniapgnngylvaniasylvani a ferieaeriegerieerieerle pennsylvania soS beB nelson 1896 ppo 126 3 flucy3lucylucy mack smithsmithssmithp history off joseph smith byay2y hihis mother edtedede preston nibley isaltjsaltsaitsalt lake citescitycitys stevens and walliswa inc 1945 ppe 1952081952080195 208 4 4whitmanpwhitman ppo 1281280 24 kirtland in the 1830s also had excellent access to the east by road when the mormons built their temple in kirtlandKirtlandslando they chose a location on the chilicothe road which connected kirtland with the capital of the western reserve for which the road was named after the church left kirtlandKirtkirtlandslands the temple fell into different uses one of those uses was as the western reserve teachers seminary and kirtland instituteinstitutes A broadside adver tizingmizing the institute extolled its easy access it is about 2 miles south of the great thoroughfare between buffalo and cleveland about 21h miles northeast from the latlatteriatterherker place and about 9 southwest from Painespainesvillegainesvillepainesvilleevillevillee 5 the two principal thoroughfares which traversed the townships of erie county pennsylvania during the nineteenth century were the lake road and the ridge roadroade through fairview township for instance the lake road ran along the lake about threefourthsthree fourths of a mile away while the ridge road was one and onehalfone half to two miles back from the lake 6 similar comments were made in the histories of each lakeside township regarding the two mainmalnI1 roads through the area since the lake road was

5broadsidebroadside western reserve teachers seminary and kirtland institute kirtland july 2525p 1838 on display at the reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day saints visitor center on the grounds of the kirtland temple and called to the auauthorsauthorts attention by emma phillips a guide at the centerthorts

whitman pop 2972979 25 muddy and impassable for many months during the year the major thoroughfare was the ridge road an early historian observed that there were numerous public houses on the ridge road due to the extensive travelbraveltravels 7 another source showed the ridge road running through the villages of west springfieldSpringfields springfield Fairfairviewviews anvillestanvilleswanvilleSwswanvillep 0 erie and northeastnortheastsNortheastseaste 8 the map in figure 1 shows the townships and villages of erie county since the map was dated 1896 it showed a network of railroads that were not in existence during the 1830s18309so also there have been some changes in the townships since 183183000

JARED carter1831CARTER 1831

one of the first missionaries to use the roads described above was jared carter brother carter first learned of the church through a copy of thebookchebookthe book of mormon in the hands of an antiantimormonmormon in new york although beset with people who were opposed to the workworks brother carter felt compelled to seek out the church and be baptized after he was baptized by hyrum smith about february 20 1831 he was so warmed by the spirit of god

7ibidetbid pop 3493490

Q alaura8lauralaura Ggo sanford the history of erie county 862 philadelphia 6 Jjaj9 bobio lippincott and cootcooscos 1862t1862 frontpiece figure 1 erie county pennsylvania whitman frontpiece tij 0 27 that he didnt feel the cold of the water on him at that winter season during the halfhalfmilemilemlle walk to shelter and a change of clotciotclothinghinge 9 jared carter with ebenezer page started from kirtland on a mission to the east on september 22p22 1831 after spending about five days with joseph and hyrum in hiram ohio they continued east two days later carter recorded that they baptized one and ordained brother read an elder where brbrebra read lived two days east of that they healed a man of a pane sic in his teathbeath esicjesic ll11 ten miles east they held three meetings but the people were willing to continue in there sic sins consequentially they were not fit to come into the work of the lordlords wrote elder cartercarterecartero after laboring with some success in vermont and new york states they returned to Kirtkirtlandlands stopping in springfield there they they met with brothers samuel smith and orson hyde and held two meetings 10

9 9jaredjared carter journal january 1831january1831 january 26 1833 MSS in LDS church historical department elder carters journal in this period is filled with experiences of being called to heal someone or to cast out a devil which he describes almost one after another page six of the typescript includes an experience where the rain divided over them allowing them to remain dry and continue their openairopen air meeting 10jared carter journal ppe 3939p 48 28 the route of elder cartelscarters mission can be seen in the present work in figure 12 on page 157 s that map with its overlay is a charting of all known missions in pennsylvania the accompanying table in figure 13 is a listing of those missions brother carter summarized his first mission since I1 leftt home and was ordained to preach the gospel and waslefpreaching from place to place novnownows I1 thought that I1 had great reason to thank and praise the lord for what he had done fforor me and my brothers and sisters of my fathers family for the whole family had now come into the glorious work of god my with their companions 9 except one sistersisters three brothers were preachers in this glorious gospelgospels I1 reached amherst the last day of february having been gone on this mission five months and upwards I1 can say that god has blessed me according to the prophecy of brother joseph 9 before I1 went from ohioohiooohiko he has blessed me with sheaves and with health and blessed be his namenamesnamee ll11

ORSON PRATT AND LYMAN EsE JOHNSONJOMNSON 1832

on february 39 18321832v orson pratt and lyman eeE johnson left kirtland for a mission to the easteasteeasto they traveled through eight states 9 baptized four people in blakely pennsylvania and others elsewhereelsewheres 9 totaling 121qaq nearly one hundredhundredshundred0 0 their route cannot be definitely

11 8 999 jared carter Journjournalaisalpaig9 typescript ppsppe 89899 12tf12 extracts of letters from the elders abroad 9 the evening and morning star independence missouri 00 Isinono 9 february 18331833ppe 5 orson pratt lettersletterstletters9 9 the evening andnd morninmorningq star 9 IsI1 no 10 march 1833p1833 pop af6f the star was a church newspaper which was published at that timetimes in independence missouri and served as a voice ffromrom that center of the church of zionZionlon to all 29 determined but there is currently a blakely in lackawanna county about ivelveffive miles north by northeast of Scranscrantontonstone from there the missionaries could have continued eastward into new jersey or turned northward into new york they attended a conference in spaffordSpaffords new york on november losios10 1832 after which brother johnson and hazen aldrich started for ohio while brother pratt and william snow started for vermont they also had ordained several elders since leaving kirtland 13i

ORSON HYDE ANDAMD SAMUEL H SMITH

in its ninth numbernumbersnumberg the evening and morning star noted a letter from elder newel knight at kirtianKirtlankirtlanddv ohio december 24 1832 which informed the subscribers that brothers orson hyde and samuel heH smith had just returned from their mission to the east the letter listed some of the fruits of their labors built up four churchesonechurches one in maine two in massachusetts and the church Consequentconsequentlylyslyp elders were guestedrequestedre to report their labors to the staristarsstarp thus making the newspaper an importantimportantsanbyanky contemporary source of information for some of their missionary vorkworkvorkeworke 13 orson prattprattspratto Letlettersletterselettereseterse lf A spafford was located south of syracuse new york in onandagaonondagaOnandaga county see the gathering the evening and morning star IsI1 nosnoe no 6 november 1832 s appp 0 565 6 0 see also richard shelton Williawilliamsmsp the missionary movements of the LDS church in new glandsenglandenglandsEn 18301850183018301850111850185011 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1969 ppeppa 303430 34e34 30 one in pennsylvania baptized sixty ll11 14 these two mi- sionssionariesaries left kirtland for the east on february lp1 1832 preaching all along the vaywayvaysways and labored in erie county pennsylvania from the sixteenth of that month until one month later before going on into new yorkyorksyorke elders hyde and smith spent the first twelve days in springfield township at the west end of the county bordering on lake erie and the state of ohio see figure 11. they held a meeting the first day and almost every day afterward to large and attentive congreaationescongrogationsj & many were melted tfntan15 down into tearsdearsttearst 9 the lord was with ususeuso five or six

came forward and were baptized in springfield township 9 including one christian preacher with whom they had 111ala 1116 borredboured in private diligently after meeting 0

14 extracts of letters from the elders abroad P journal history of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints december 2222p 1832 in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentv hereafter this collection will be referred to as journal historyHis torys as cited by andrew jenson campescompescomp pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field MSS in LDS church historical department december 22 1832 15 orson hyde Journjournaljournalsalsaisalp february lp1 1832december1832 december 22022 1832 MSS in LDS church historical department ppe 343 4 journal historyHistorys february lo101 1832 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field february and march 183218320 16 ibid jared carter journal pep 64640 if all those who came forward were baptized that nightnights then the number was six there were three on february 20 one on february 22 and two on february 27e27 31 they stayed with mr reedreedsreedy mrmrsmre hartshorne and 17 mrmrs barrs at one of the meetings they were favourfavoureded

11 with hearing br jared carter preach 9 related elder hyde elder carter had stopped in springfieldspringfspringa 1 eldeid on his return from vermont before the two missionaries left they ordained brother simmons an elder and instructed him in the knowledge of the kingdom & C 1 they also spent the next day with him and had him copy their law and Covenantcovenantsse therefore they reported upon their return that they had organized or built up one branch in pennsylvania 18i ft although they preached in every township and most of the villages along the ridge road across erie county elders hyde and smith found their prospects poor east of Springspringfieldfielde girard township was organized during the year of 1832 and the borough or village of the same name was not developed until even later therefore girard was not listed by the elderseiders see figure le11.

17 orson hyde journaljournals since springfspringaspringfield1 eldeid was about two days east and since the spelling of peoplespeopled names was not always that careful mrmrsmre reed could have been the brother read thatjaredthat jared carter and ebenezer page ordained an elder the previous september it was alsaisalsoaiso possible that mrmrsmre hartshorne was the alvin hartshoneHarthartshomeshome who was baptizbaptiebaptizeded the following january by john feF boynton and evan moM greene in springfield the handwriting in some of the old journals leaves a great deal to the imagination 18i ft orson hyde journaljournals ppe 454 5s5as 32 they preached in fairview and lost a book of mormon they found the people in mill creek averryiverryverry isicasicjsicsic hard seemingly no salvation for theme in erieerleerieserieg and wesieWeslewesleyvillewesleyvilleoyville they likewise found no success even though they preached from house to househouses in harbor creek hovehoweverhoweversverv they found some interest and held three meetings and one was almost persuaded to become a christian in the township of north east they held five meetingmeetingsst three of which were in the village of the same namenamesnamee As they traveled and preached without successsuccesso they saidsald we lifted up our warning voice by the spirit and shook off the dust of our feet against almost ailsallaliail and sealed many over to 011919 the day when the wrath of god shall be poured outouts from erie county elders hyde and smith journeyed into new york and new england they made their return trip by stage in december of 1832 although the stage had to cross pennsylvania to arrive at kirtianKirtlankirtlanddp the elders apparently did not stop to proselyte 20

JARED carter1832CARTER IS183232 elder jared carter left kirtland again wednesdaywednesdays april 25 9.9 1832 on his second mission to pennsylvania

19 orson hyde journal ppe 575 7 journal Histhistoryorysoryo march 44vav 1832 cited by jenson 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field march 183218320 20 orson hyde journal appp 575 7e7ae 33 new york and new england he was accompanied by calvin stoddard and aaron lyonlyonslyone calvin stoddard married the prophet joseph smiths sistersisters sophronia 21 he was listed as one who received a blessing for working on the kirtland temple and later was a party to a division in 22 the prophetsProphetis family one aaron Eee lyon moved to chautauqua county new york in 1819 and was listed in an early history as a resident of the county 23 elder carter had ordained his two companions teachteacherserss according to the direction of the spirit & also the consent of the church in kirtland they arrived in springfield april 27 and labored in the area until may 2e2ae they found that elder simons and two of the members had fallen away from the church during the two months since elders hyde and smith had baptized them and left the three missionaries were able to reclaim two of the threethroe who had fallen away and baptized eight more randil wheelerwheelers andrew meM GsG adamsadamseadamsp abigail spencer experience wheelerwheelers cornelia Cattcattiescattlescattlesswattlessless fanny mariah ruddrudds phebe thompson and cloa rudd since they stayed at brother hearts home and mentioned a brother rudd two names of those who had likely been baptized

21lucy21lucy mack smith ppeppa 335336335 336 22 23 HCH p II11lippIIppiipp206ppappe 206206. 352 whitman pep 839 34 earlier were also revealed during their stay in springfield elder carter healed a boyboys named charles craton of deafness while craton was giving the mission ariesarlesanes a ride in his oxendrawnoxen drawn wagon 24 A john rudd of springfield erie cooscocoapcoop pennsylvania signed the minutes of a conference attesting to joseph smiths innocence of zions camp charges the 25 conference was assembled in kirtlandKirtlands august 23 1834 john rudd also paid fifty cents to the prophet in kirtland in an hour of needneeds for which the prophet was 26r very grateful A john ruddrudds jrjre and a john rudd sr made their appearance on the list of early settlers in springfield townshiptownships the son came in 1802 and his father arrived two years later 27 elder carter and his companions proceeded on to fairview where they found their testimony was as idel 0 ft sic words to the peoplepeoples 28 they proceeded on their

24jared carter journal ppeppa 596459 64 journal Histohistoryrytrys april 25025 1832 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field april 2727j 183218320 25 conference Minminutesminutestminutessutess the evening and morninmorning star Kirtkirtlandlands ohioohiolp II11 no 23 august 1834t1834 ppe 6 HCOH iioiloII11011 1491490 26 hg IIiipbip11 ppo 3273270

27whitman p 346

aaapra 28jared carter journal p 65650 35 mission into new york vermont and other places on elder carters return through pennsylvania he found the church prospering in springfield and attended one meeting with the people theretheres before the meeting was closed there were three that manifested that they wished to be baptized after baptizing themthemy he continued his journey to kirtland and amherst he arrived in 29 kirtland october 19019 1832 As early as november of 1832 some of the pennsylvania converts had made their way to zion in missourimissourie the editors of the star announced that 810 souls had gathered from seven states including pennsyl- vaniavaniavanla 30 the gathering to zion was an activity encouraged by the elders as well as a subject taught it was a goal that the missionaries nurtured in their converts however no complete source has been found to indicate just who made the journey nor the origin of their travel the gathering has complicated attempts to determine the membership in other areas of the churchchurche

9029 ibidpibid appp 12112212112112291221229 30 the gatheringGatheringsringo the evenincrandEvenineveningcrandand morninmorning star independence nissour7imissouri J I1 no 6 novembernovembers 1832 appp 565605 606 36

HYRUM AND WILLIAM SMITH

the Evenineveningct and morninmomincrastarqstarstar reported in its ninth number that hyrum and william smith had just returned home after having been gone three weeks in december 1832 and having baptized twentythreetwenty three persons in pennsylvania 31 they were laboring in the springfield area

JOHN F BOYNTON AND ZEBEDEE COLTRIN

two missionaries who labored in erie county at the same time as the smiths were john foF boynton and zebedee coltrincoltrine they turned east again on november 23 1832and1832 and labored about five weeks in eary co sic elder coltrin recorded that they attended a conference with hyrum and william smith on december 15 to regulate the churchchurche he also noted that hyrum baptized four boys and two girls elders boynton and coltrin were befriended by lucien Woodwoodworthworths david and john solsberg and others they preached over twenty times in gerardgerardsgerardo ll11 Conyconsultconyultconyultouitsulto ll11 springfield and other places on one occasionsoccasion elder boynton spoke on the prophecies and the book of mormon elder coltrin

31 extracts of letters from the elders abroad journal history december 22 1832 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field december 22322922 1832 37 followed from the gospel and the lord blest sic us muchmucho he wrote brother hodges a native of the county preached with4 the missionaries on december 30 the two brethren met elders levi hancock and evan greene who were also laboring in the area elder coltrin wrote that they baptized seven before crossing 32QQ over into ohio on january 3sas3 1833

JOHN F BOYNTON AND EVAN M GREENE

one of the most productive missions in erie county pennsylvaniaa was the mission of john feF boynton and evan moM greene from january to april of 1833 they left kirtland on tuesdaytuesdays january 15 and arrived at springfield two days later they preached in springfield baptizing thirteen in elk creek Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias they baptized twenty ninenines and organized a branch of the church they also preached in the taylor settlement where they baptized twotawottwo in girard in the jacksonjacksons settlement and in shermasshermans coberscomerscorners all in erie county pennsylvania in addition to the ones counted above fortysixforty six converts were listed without naming the location of their baptism making a total of ninety people who joined the church in less than three months in erie

32 zebedee coltrin diary june 15 1832march1832 march 28f28 1833 MSS in LDS church historical Departdepartmentdepartmentedepartmentsmentamente 38 county 33 elders boynton and greene reported to the star that they had baptized seventyeightseventy eight souls by 34 april lael3e13 not only was the number impressive but the individuals thus baptized had a powerful impact on the church jedediah meM grant was baptized at the age of seventeen on march 22pap 1833 at elk creek before his early death at age forty he had become a missionary member of zions camp mayor of salt lake city and second counselor to president bnghambrighambangham youngyounge 35 jedediahs sister caroline married william smith in 36 183318330 benjamin winchester aged fifteen was baptized with his parents on january 27 1833vat1833 at elk creek and had a powerful impact on the early mormon church as a

33 evan meM greene Jourjournaljournalsnalsnaisnalo january 15 1833 april ls1 1835 MSS in LDS church historical department journal history january 15 1833 april 1313p 1833183391833.9 cited by jenson tf pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field 1833 34the34 the progress of the church of christchristschristy the evenievening andnd Morninmorningcr star independence missouri II11 nonoe 13 june 1833p1833 p 4 oc 35joseph fielding smith essentials in church histhistory salt lake city deseret book company 1950p1950 ppe 492 hctactH IIlly11 ppe 1841840 36lucy mack smith ppo 342

1 39 missionary and pamphleteerpamphleteers he served in his fathersfatherts

0 37 company in zions campcampacampo his ffatherathers stephenstephens was the QO lupton winchester of zions camp 38 moses martin baptized february 19 1833vat1833satvatat elk creekcreeks was also a member of zionts campcampscampo with the camp on thursday may 15p15 he fell asleep while on sentry duty joseph discovered him took his sword and left him asleep he was courtmartialed the next night but forgiven 39 A conference of the church in elk creekcreeks on december llpalp11 1833 foundmartinofound martinmartinsMartino to be under condem- nation because he had been negligent in his duty as an elder he promised to do better and was forgiven martin was warned that if he failed to humble himself before god he would fall from the church and fight against1 itsit 40 he returned to pennsylvania as a

37david JsJ whitakerwhitakers to further the cause of righteousnessrighteousnesstRighteous nesst s the life and contributions of benjamin winchesterwinchesters early mormon Missionmissionaryarys unpublished essay in the possession of the author pep 339 38 wilburn doD talbot zions camp unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1973 pep illiliiii111 133135133 135 andrew jenson latterlatterdayday saint biocrbiocobiographicalcicalhical encyclopedia IV salt lake city andrew jenson history company 1936 p 692 39 HC II11 ppe 666866 68 1841840 40 zebedee coltrin diary 183318341833 1834 MSS in LDS church historical department orson pratt diary june ils11 1833may1833 may 6 1834 MSS in LDS church historical department 40 41 missmissionaryionaryconary in august of 183418340 on march 8 1835 moses

martin was ordained a sevenseventytystyo9 blessed for his work on the kirtland temple and warned if thothouu are not puripurlpurifiedfiedt thou wilt not be able to execute thy commissioncommissions thou wilt fall into the hands of enemies who will take thy life thou must begin to make a complete reformation in thyselfthyself4242 martin signed the minutes of a special conference 43 in philadelphia on october 31 1842 as its president Hohoweverveverswevers later in his life moses martin left the church and became a leading spiritualistspi ritualist in san mardinobelardinobemardinobernardinoBe californiaCaliforniao 44 the zions camp roll of 1864 names martin as an apostate 45 in addition to the four members of zions camp from pennsylvania listed above at least two others participated in the march william heH sagers and samuel toT 46AC hinekineWinewinegargaregara william heH heH sagers or harrison sagers as he was also known assisted elders greene and boynton in

41moses martin journal 1834 MSS in LDS church historical department ppsppe 21232123021 23 4249 hctactITC lisII11 pop 2082080 43 church of 19L doD saints philaphilasphilae book of minutes and other branch records of the philadelphia branchbrancho 184018541840 1854 in the reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day saintssaints1 church historians vault 44 church of leL doD saints philausphilaosphi la A marginal note by heman coC smith former RLDS church Histhistorianoriansorlansoriane 45 46 talbot ppo 990gge99 HShcvhav llolio119II11 ppo 1851850 41 their missionary endeaendeavorsvorse he later served as a comcorncormcomm 47 panion to elder greene on a mission to new glandeenglandEn afterafter serving on other missions he came to utah with the 48 saints samuel toT winegar became a wisconsin apos 49 tate there was also a joseph hartshorn who marched with zionszlonis camp and later died in pennsylvanpennsylvanialaeiaolao0 50 he may very well have been one of the erie county converts the lack of more complete information might also be hiding others from identification there is today a little stream called mormon run in elk creek Towntownshipshipe it has its confluence with the east branch of conneautConneaut creek near albion in conneautConneaut township mormon run received its name because jitlitit was used as a place of baptism by that sectsects who were once a il 51 numerous in the vicinity 0 the photograph in figure 2 was taken in the area of mormon run in just such a settingsettings many people accepted baptism

47 evan meM greene journaljournals january 15t15 1833 april 1tat1 1835 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentp 11 3193 19 48dradar talbottalbott p 104 49thomas bullocks ziosazioszionts camp roll of october 12t12 1864 MSS in LDS church historical department cited by talbottalbott ppap& iiilillilellie111 en 50talbottalbott p 91 51whitman pep 293 john elmer reed history of erieerleerigbrig county pennsylvania I1 topeka and indianapolis historical publishing company 1925t1925 p 448 foF weW figure 2 mormon run A photographtakenphotograph taken by author the authoroofauthoroofof the creek north of albion pennsylvania 4 traditionally known as mormon run and has the reputation of being the setting N numerous mormon baptisms for 43 many of the new convertsconvertst like stephen and nancy winchesterWinches terp moved to kirtland and on further west with the church remaining faithful to its causecausee apparently however there were some who did not daniel winchester for instanceinstances was buying and selling property in elk creek townshiptownship as late as 1870 52 he was an early settler to the areaareas coming from stafford county 9 con 53 necticut in 181518150 he owned the black horse inn in pleasant valley in1 the township 54 benjamin and mary wilcox sold some property in 1837 and may have gone to kirtland or nauvoonauvooo other converts who were buying and selling property too late for them to have been migrating west with the main body of the church verewereweres william heH sanford in 1841 levi alienallenailen beers atlas of erie countescountycountys pennsylvaniaI1 new york F weW beers A doD ellis and Ggo Gge soule 1865 statement of mrs lucy in a personal walter fullerI1 in interview albion pennsylvania july 25 197419740 152videeddeed register index in the erie county courthouseCourtcourthousescourthousephouseshousep erieerleerieserles county pennsylvania

53whitman53whitman p 2922920 54statement of mrs walter lucy fuller mrs fuller also provided the following information about the area and its people the wells family started Wellswellsburgburg which is called lundys lane today the sagers family may have been in Seagerseagertownseagertownttown crawford county Jackjacksonjacksontssonts settlement may also be Jacksjacksonsvilleonsville or jacksonjacksons cross roads near albion there is a taylors run on which has been built a fish hatchery which could be associated withwi taylors settlement springspringsspringy crawford county is ithcalled springburgspringborgSpringburg today 44 in 184418442 eliza Mme wright in 1866 lydia low in 18671867p polly AsA waldo in 188118810 and benjamin jeJ wells in 1881 55 moses martin bought and sold some property in 1824 louisa lord formerly of erie county bore a son in 56 torvillemantorvillemantorvillevMan minnesota in 186718670 while elders boynton and greene were in erie county they met elder william smith and held some meetings with himhimehimahlma he spoke in tongues in meetings on february 5 6 and 11 and then returned to kirtland on february 21 57 before leaving erie county the two missionaries met with the elk creek saints on march 21 and organized them into a branch of the church brother boynton ordained robert weW dimsey a priestpriests stephen winchester a teacher and john sagers a deacon and charged them to watch over this church in the fear of the lord 58 in addition to their work in erie county they also labored in9 ashtabula county ohio and held a meeting in spring crawford county pennsylvania on their 59 way home to kirtland 6

55 deed register index 56whitman pep 640

57journal Hishistorytorys january 15t15 1833 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field 183318330

CQC Q 58evanevan Mme greene journaljournals IsI1 ppe 16 winchester pop 62

595 journal history january 15 1833 and april 13p13 1833 cited by jenson 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday 45 in summing up their twelveweektwelve week mission in erieerlebrie county pennsylvaniaPennsylvanias elders boynton and greene commented s thus we see how the lord prospers his church and builds up his zion in these last days which makes the highhighmindedminded pharisee persecute and raise his puny arm against the works of godgodtgods but we rejoice that god is making bare his arm among the nations and showing forth his matchless powertpowerpowers for the stone cut out of the mountain has began sicsicasicj to rollroily and will proceed until it fills the earthearth vithwithwi th the gloryg lo10 ry of god as the waters cover the seas and jesus shall reign king of nations as he does now kinaking of saints when the meek shall inherit the earth and the saints of god shall take the kingdom and possess it foreverforever6060

DANIEL STEPHENS

daniel stephens wrote to the eveninevening andnd morning star on february 2 1833and1833 and requested a subscription of the star and a book of commandmentcommandmentsso and all other records which shall come by the will and commandment of godgode ff he enclosed five dollars and promised more if 61 necessary he wrote from north Morelandomoreland pennsylvania also in the same number of the paper was a notice of a

0 fi letter from centre moreland pennsylvania 62 the united saint mission field 183318330 60 the progress of the church of christchriste lf

61 11 1 letters 9 the evening and morning starstars I no 10 march 183331833p1833 pep af6fafe6fe

621bide621ibidbidebida pep 8 46 states postal department has established center moreland as a rural postal branch of tunkhannockTunktunkhannockphannock wyoming county orson pratt and lyman EsE johnson baptized fourfours in 1832 at blakelyBlakelys about twenty miles east of theretheres north moreland was listed by rand mcnally as a township on the southern boundary of wyoming county with center moreland r as a village ththereinereine 63

DOCTOR PHILASTUS HURLBURT

sometime in march or april of 1833 doctor olastuscolastusPhilphilistusphilastusphi astus hurlburt was sent on a mission to erie county Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias he had joined the church in kirtland in march and sent on the mission but was excommunicated by a bishopsbishopss court on june 3933.9 183318 33v and ffinally by a high council court on june 23 for immorality 64 before his excommunicationa he was laboring around jacksonville in erie county benjamin F johnson recalled that it was while elder hurlburt was laboring in erie county that he t learned of solomon spaulding who once lived in that vicinityvicinityell sllellegg spaulding had written a romance called

6303 standard reference madMMmap and guide of pennsypennsyl- vania chicago rand mcnally and company 1972 map 64 HCH I1 352p352 355 max parkinparkinsparking A study of the nature and causes of external and internal conflict of the mormons in ohio between 1830 and 1838183861183811 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1966o196601966 ppeppa 120121120 121121e 47 manuscript foundfounds according to Johnjohnsonsono hurlburt hoped to use the spaulding vorkworkworksworky

16 to gain notoriety obtain moneymoneysmoneyp and work his spite upon the Morcormonsmormonsmons so he gave notice that he had struck a lead to destroy mormonism and if they would come together he would tell them where joe smith got his mormon bible ot6565

EVAN M GREENE AND WILLIAM HH SAGERS

brothers evan meM greene and william H heH sagers left kirtland on april 16 and undertook a labor in ashtabula county ohio they crossed over into crawford county pennsylvania and preached in beaver and conneautConneaut on the twentythirdtwenty third and twenty fourthfourths respectively after two more days in pierpoint ohio the brethren returned to pennsylvania and visited the church members in elk creekcreercreeke they arrived on april 27 and had a meeting with the missionaries in that area the next day those involved in the meeting included elders orson hyde john boyntonBoyntonstong daniel copley and doctor hurlburthuriHurlburte obeying the will of the conference elder greene and priest sagers continued their journey eastward into new york 66 on may 1 183318330

65 benjamin foF johnsonjohnsons ppo 25

66 ma evan m9M greene Journjournaljournalsalsaisalp vol 0 II11 ppe 141401 4oao4 48 WRENZOLORENZO barnes1833BARNES 1833

lorenzo bamesbarnes who had been baptized june 16v16

1833 in ohio and elial strongstrongs 9 a pennsylvania man who will be dealt with in the following chapterchapters left kirtland on august 11pap by direction of a council of high priests on a mission to the east they visited and held meetings in the churches in larad westfieldWestfieldsfieldy Harharmonymonys Jansjanstowntown and pomfret and in perryesburghperryesburgho ll11 67 although it is not known from his journal account in which states he labolaboredlaboredsredtreds it is likely that he at least crossed pennsylvania elder barnes included the following account of their missionary method on a subsequent mission which would be similar to that used in pennsylvania on his first mission our maner sic of teaching the people generlybenerly sic wasinvasinvaswas in the first place to lay before them the first principles of the gospie sicasicjesicaesicj faithfalchfaich repen- tancestance baptism for the remission of sins & the laying on of hands for the gift of the holy ghost these we proved from the new testament to the people were preached and practiced by the apostles and obeyed by the people in ancient days and paul says if we or angel from heaven preach any other let him be acurseacurso sicicj & then by comparing the ancient order of thingsica with the teachings of the pleasantpreasantpreasant sic generation and left the people to judgeludge who were preaching the gospel that paul did and who were preaching a different one Secseccondlycondly sic shewdshawd sic what the power of godliness was and who were denying it proved the necesitynecenecessitysity sic of more revelations where ever the church of christ is on eartheartheeartho and then that

67artlorenzo babesbamesbarnes journal march 1812may1812 may 1835 MSS in LDS church historical department 49 according to the prophecies there will be more revelations given in the last days to bring about the great work that is to be accomplished and then the propheciesrop ecles concerning the restoration of the hous asiccsiclsicalsic of israel and the means that god will make use of to bring about the covenants made to the fathers the coming of chris esicsic his kingdom and reign on the earthearthseartho aco &c68&c068 punctuation added ol

aiwasalvasAMASAAMM LYMAN AND WILLIAM F CAHOON

amasa Mme lyman had only been in kirtland a short time when he was again called by the prophet to return to his labors 1 I was appointed to go on a mission to the east he related and had for my companion william FsF cahooncahoone they left kirtland in july of 1833 and labored in pennsylvania new york and new hampshire before returning to kirtlandKirtlands they held 150 meetingmeetingsmeetingstst baptized 100 souls elder lyman was also ordained a high priest during the mission 69

ZEBEDEE COLTRIN

after participating in the school of the prophets elder zebedee coltrin left kirtland march 26 1833 on a mission to the east he recorded in his diary

68 ibid 69 albert roR lyman amasa mason lyman traiiblazertrailblazer and pioneer from the atlantic to the pacific deltatrailbla utah melvin A lyman MDmedo 1957p1957 pop 31 50 that he found brother lymon and orison prat in springfield he was probably referring to lyman johnson and orson prattprattspratte in conneautConneconneautsautsaut he found brothers john boyntonBoyntons hyrum smith and orson hyde it was determined that elder hyde should travel with doctor hurlburt and that elder boynton should be assisted by daniel copley on the next sunday elders coltrin and boynton preached in girard then after less than two weeks in erie county elder coltrin and his companions crossed into new yorkyorkeyorko he returned to kirtland in june having been sick withthewith6 the smallpox since april 24 70 howeverhoveHoweversverv by july 30 he was eastward bound again in company with orson hyde he visited the branches in pennsylvania they baptized three and ordained an elder in elk creekcreeke after preapreachingchina in Springfielspringfielddo he returned to Kirtkirtlandlandelando on august 26 he journeyed again to elk creek and preached on the following day he found harmony among the membership there except for some who were weak in the faithfalthfaithe ll11 elder coltrin labored in erie county from the end of august until mid december during that four months 9 he participated in four meetings which were called to examine some difficulties in the churchchurchy and he related they turned out twelve

70zebedee coltrin diary march 26 1833 february 1834 MSS in LDS church historical Departdepartmentdepartmentsdepartmentomentemento 51

members in his diary 9 elder coltrin listed the charges against some of those who were thus excommunicateexcommunicatedexcommunicatedidi bad conduct denying the faith and immoral con ductduct71duct11711971117171 elder coltrin also recorded some of the activities of other elders who were laboring in erie county during that fallfailfalifallefaliefaile elder amasa lyman and two other elders came to a meetinmeetincrmeetingcr on september 18 they continued their labors with elder coltrin until october 25 when A lyman & H sagers left home for the east As the elders preached in springfield and elk creekcreeks the lord poured out his spirit with tongues and prophicyprophecyprophicy sic br wim prat sic spoke to the church from daniel 2 ch on november 3e3ae on december 1 1833 elders orson pratt and lyman johnson came to a meeting at stephen winchesters and gave the church some instruction 72 A conference of the church was convened on december 11 with the following official members in attendanceattendances high priests zebedee coiColcoltrintrint lyman johnsonjohnsons orson prattpratts elders amasa lyman henry dighton moses martin priest harrison sagers the business of the conference included the ordination of

7lzebedeezebedee coltrin diary 183318341833 1834 721bid72 ibideabide 52 amasa lyman to the high priesthood of the holy order of god and the trials of harrison sagers and moses iartinemartinbartine the trials found both men under condecondemnationmeationmnation but both confessed 9 repented and were forgiven after the close of the conference elders prathpratt johnson and lyman left for the east A few days after that elder coltrin and two companions returned to kirtland although he had held many meetings apparently no one requested baptism during his fourmonthfour month mission 73

JOSEPH smithsSMITHsmithp SIDNEY RIGDON iundANDpund FREEMAN NICKERSON

joseph smithsmithssmithy sidney rigdon and freeman nickerson spent three days in springfspringaspringfieldieldsleidsleidy october 686 8 1833 on their way to a mission in canadcanadaas 74 they arrived in springfield on the sabbath while the brethren were meeting elder rigdon spoke at the meetingmeetings and the brethren bore their testimony that evening in a meeting at brother ruddiserudd ll11 after three days in springfield they spent the ninth at brother roundyroundys home in elk 75 creek and then moved onons

73 zebedee coltrin didiaryarys 183318341833 18341834f0 74journal history october 6 18331833p cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday mission fieldfieldsfieldg 183318330 75 75w9hctact I1 ptp 4164160 53

ORSONOKSON PRATT AND LYMAN E JOHNSON 1833

orson pratt left kirtland for the eastseasto having been set apart by a council of high priests to visit the churches accompanied by lyman johnsonjohnsons elder pratt arrived in springfield december lo101 1833 they preached in springfield and elk creek several times in the next ten days on december 5 a church meeting cut off 76 brobroebroo tiler elders pratt and johnson attended the conference at elk creek erie county on wednesday december 11 1833 77 where the latter ordained amasa Mmo lyman a high priest A conference was a gathering of church members par- ticulticularlyarly priesthood holders who would transact any church business that was necessnecessaryarysarye usually the con- ferencesferences would last more than one day and the elders would also hold meetings in conjunction with the conference for the purpose of preaching the gospel to the publicublict 78 another item of business that was transacted

76 orson pratt diary june ilsllo11011 1833may1833 may 6 1834 YSSMSS in LDS church historical department 77 journal history november 27 183318330 cited by jenson 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission field 1833 78 the eveningI1 and horningmormorningn star lkirtlandokirtland ohio II11211 no 21 junene 1834 p 7 54 at the elk creek conference was the excommunication of asa jeffers formerly an eldereiderelderseiderseldery for unchristian like conduct and he refused to give up his credentiacredentialslseiseisa this notice was signed by zeZ coltrin presiding elder 79 and dated december 14 183318330 after the conferenceconferences the two elders journeyed to silver creek erie county where they labored from december 16 to the 24 holding eight meetings in the area then they left for genessee potter county pennsylvania near the center of the statedstates border with new york where they held a conference and did considerable preaching before continuing their journey to seneca county new york 80RO they arrived back at kirtland in februaryfebruarys 1834 elder pratt returned immediately to the east with orson hyde their specific mission that february march and april was to recruit men for an army called ziorazior9zions G camp which marched to missouri that summer the avowed purpose of the camp was to aid and reinstate the saints who had been forced from their homes in jackson county

79 to whom it may Concconcernconcernsernsernp the evening and and morningstarmo mincmine star kirtland ohiolpohio lisIIsII11 no 21 june 18318344vav p 707 80ara journal hihistorystorupstoryp novembernovembers 183318339 cited by Jenjensonsonisonyeony pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint mission fieldfieldafieldp 183318334 55 missouri springfield and elk creek were two of their 0 i stops as they looked for volunteers 8 some of the members of the church in springfspringaspringfield1 eldeid refrefusedused to partake of the sacrament at one of the meetings held by elders pratt and johnson the reason for their action was that the elder who administered it did not obey the word of wisdom elder johnson sided with the members because the elder was in transgres- sion however elder pratt argued that as long as the elder retained his license the church was bound to receive the supper under hishiljhisj administrationadministrations the high council met in erieerlebrie county february 20 v 1834 to decide the questionquestions after six councilors had spoken on the question the president rendered the deAdehdecisionsionslon which was then sustained by a vote of the councilcounccooncil the decision was no member church s worthy official in 11 this iis to hold an officeoffices after having the word of wisdom properly taught him and he the official member neglecting to comply with or obey it82it92 the decision did not approach nor solve the problem that faced springfield members however itit emphasized the word of wisdom as a church practice and

81 orson pratt diary 183318341833183401833 18341834o 82 journal history Februaryfebruary 20p20 1834 HCOHC livlipII11 ppeppa 34353435934 35935 56 showed the high council involved in a doctrinal question in pennsylvania after partially settling that question the high council named nineteen brethren to specific mission calls p 3 in canada and elsewhere 83

conference IN SACOsacosSACOO MAINE

the pennsylvania branches of the church were represented at a conference of the churnechur4echurchh in saco maine 84 on june 131513 15 1834 apparently a ssionarymissionarymi who had been laboring in pennsylvania had continued on to mainemaineemalnee there when the conference was convened he spoke in behalf of the pennsylvania branches

MOSES MARTIN

after returning from zions camp moses martinmartinsmartino the elk creek convert of elders boynton and greene went on a mission near his home he labored in the area of pierpoint ohio and girardgirardsgirardo pennsylvania from august 23 to november 23 1834 in erie county he preached at

831bideibid 84 minutes of the conference in mainemainesmalnes the the 1 I evening and morningMarningqrning Starstar jkirtlandkirtland ohio II11 no 23 augustaugustsaugusto 1834v1834 pep 5 journal history june 14151415114 15151 1834 william eeE berrett and alma Ppo burtonburtons Reareadingsdinas in LDS 1 company church history 9 I salt lake city deseret book 1953 ppe 33353335033 35350 57 the homes of john sagerssagersa mrs blake baldwin mr turner 85oc and mr thompson but he mentimentionedonedboned no baptisms

LORENZO barnes1835BARNES 1835

lorenzo barnes left on his third mission monday june 1 1835 less than a month after returning to his fathers house in norton medina county ohio he started on his mission with daniel stephens of eastern pennsylvania they entered the state at sharon mercer county about forty miles south of kirtland on june 15p15 and proceeded east to mercer from there they traveled northeast to franklin venango county and then southeast on the big turnturnpikepike through clarion county and jefferson county to a small place in clearfield coecooco

ll11 called leuthersburge o along the turnpike they had passed through a numberofnumberof small villedvilledgessicgessic found the people generalysicgeneraiysicgenera lysic very hard hartedsichartedbarted sic and unbelieving and were at times rejected as the decillesdecideciplesples sic of christ there in Luthersluthersburgluthersburgsburgburgs as it is called novnowsnow they found their first opportunity to hold a meemeetingmeetingstingstinge A tavern keeper by the name of mr bert gave out the appointment for the sabath sic at 1100 am and gave them loadinglogding Q and food while they were there 86

Q j 85moses martin journal

Q 86lorenzo bamesbarnes Jourjournalnalanaianalo june 1835 february 1839 journal history may 29 1835 cited by jenson 58 the crowd was not large so they continued east they spent two days crossing the ghanyaghany mts to the susquehanna probably through centre and clinton councountiescountiesscountiesotieso found at the foot of the mts on the eeE side an old lady very friendly and quite believing who had herd sic elder 0 prat sic and lyman johnson preacpreacepreach in the place 2 years before that night they stayed with a methodist class leader who subscribed for the Messemessentermessenaermessengernaer and advocate before they left the next morningmorningsmorningymornmorning087ingy087 the latterlatterdayday saints messenger and advocate was the official church newspaper that succeeded the eveninevening 88 and morning star octoberoctobers 183418343 in kirtland thursday june 25 they arrived at jersey shoreshores cominglycomingLy county met a mremra webs who was an old acquain- tance of elder stephens and held two meetings with large congregations they spent the next several days in williamsportWilliamsport cominglycomingLy co with H elder vmwm wilrey who lived near the place t they held four meetings in the area during the next weekweeks incincludingludina two on sundaysundays july 5 elder babesbamesbarnes described his sabbath meeting had quite a large congregation who listened with good attention to a history of the book of mormon and the proof concerning its coming forth and the necesitynecenecessitysity sic of more revelations after meeting several manifested a desire to 99purchase the book of mormon and read for themselves9themselvesthemselves999

pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field u 183518359 87lorenzo87lorenzo bamesbarnes journaljournals 183518391835 1839 88 hgHCP iisaisII11 Pps 167 QQ 89lorenzo babesbamesbarnes journal 183518391835183901835 1839 59 they stayed that night with a man who lived on their way and in the morning blessed his daughter who was subject to fits 119090 they started on their way to see elder stephens mother 9 forty miles away and passed through Pennspennsboroughborough and jersey towntowne they were probably traveling in the present day montour and columbia councountiestiese learning that the mother had been dead for more than a yearyears they visited daniels brother silvariussylvariusSylvarius who once belonged to the church of C but had turned theretherefromfrome on thursday the ninth they went fifteen miles to see another of daniels brotbrothersherst9 williamwilliams who lived on the headwater of the muncy riverriversrivere 91 on saturday they began a fiftymilefifty mile journey to a branch of the church in springvillespringvillesSpringvillevilles susquehanna county they got lost in some dense woods and swamps and finally came out on the turnpike leading from burwick co

1 ll11 shinersvilleShinersville 1121 2 mile from shinersvilleshinersvilleeShinersvillevilievillee failing to get a meeting in shinersvilleShinersshinersvillellvillevillell they traveled east through some sparsely settled country where they felt it was almost useless to trytogrytotry to get a meetingmeetings o after traveling 15 miles they accidentaccidentalyaccidentallyaly sic came across

1 a brother harford 0 0 0 and his wife they had been baptized by elder emer harris and now lived on the

90ibid slsir91giribidr 60 mehoopany river which is a small branch of the busquesusque hannah in wyoming county apparently they were still strong in the faith and glad to see the elderseiders elders barnes and stephens were the firstf elders they had seen in nearly two years 92

after swimming across the susquehanna on mondaymondays 9 july 139 they proceeded to springvilleSpringville there they found elders john murdock and lorenzo lewis who had been sent there to examine some difficulties between elder C smalling who was gathering subscriptions for the kirtland temple and the church members there the elders considered the difficulties in council meetings that weekveepweep and held two meetings in the schoolhouseschoolhouse on the sabbath 93 the next day elders barnes and smalling started for a twodaytwo day meeting in newtown new yorkyorka near elmira on the vaywayvaysways theirthey stayed with an esq hide a methodist class leader named mrmre wellswelisweilsdellsywellsy and a mr ashburn who was a young universalist preacher and held a meeting in Pikepiketowntown and two meetingsmeetings in wapseneyWapseney village they found elders stephens at newtown and held their conferconfers 94 ence on saturday and sunday july 25 and 26026 while elders stephens and evan greene labored in the area of newtown elders bamesbarnes and smalling went on

0992 ibid 93QQibid 94ibid 61

a money raising mission to the church in canton 9 bradford county pennsylvania they boarded with brother birdbirdtbirds brother barnes in troy and elder kilbourn on the vaywayvayewayswaye troy and canton can be found in figure 33. elders babesbamesbarnes and smalling held their meeting at canton corners on the sabbath august 2tat2 1835 they then returned to newtownnewtown9 9 new york where they continued to hold their meetings they held several meetings in the academy at knoxville that may have been the knoxville of tioga county pennsylvania dr cutlercutlerscutlery a respectable physician showed some interest and put them up for an evening three campbells and one kent were baptized in newtown about august 9sas9 after a conversation with dr smith in a newtown storestoresstorey the high sherlfSherifsheriffsheriffsfp mrmrsmre tuttle helped arrange a meeting in the courthouse for Stestepemberpember 808 they continued to labor in the newtown area for a few days and made a trip to settle some difficulties in a branch of the church north of there then they held some meetings with a mr decker southeast of newtown at a meeting in Wellswellsburgburg judge wells challenged them and his son invited the eiderselders to his homehomes finallyFinallysailys the elders parted and elder babesbamesbarnes revisited the branch in susquehanna county and then started north for delaware 95 county new york on september 16

95 bidibidI1 62 on his way home to new portage ohio elder babesbamesbarnes crossed erie county pennsylvaniapennsylvaniatand4 tandsandand stayed one night in elk creek arriving at kirtKirtlandkirtlandmondaylandpmondayMonday november 16 96

EDWARD PARTRIDGE AND ISAAC MORLEY

agreeblyagreeablyAgreebly sic to the decision of a council elders edward partridge and isaac morley left kirtland 2 on tuesdaytuesdays june 2sas 1835 9 to visit the churches in the east and obtain donations for the poor saintssa 1 ntsoantso and also to counsel the brethren on the thithlthirdrd they heard brothers carter and hancock preach in springfield 9 erie countyjandcountyjandyandand tarried with brother hartshornHartshhartshorneorntorne then they went to elk creek and stayed for two nights with brother jeJ sagers of gerard township to the two elders spoke in springfield on sunday and lodged with brother jisjigJ DeWolfdewolfe eltoltoll between twelve and fifteen partook of the sacrament in springfield that dayday on mondaymondays they held another meeting and broke bread to another twelve or fifteen at brother sagerstsegerstsagers after which the elders stayed with a brother marshal turner on the ninth they traveled thirty miles east and stayed with a mrmre orange thompson iliill1 mile south of the ridge roadroadsroade elder partridge commented on their meeting the next morning

96 ibidbidebido1 63 but few attended and they were not very anxious then they continued on into new york and the east visiting the brethren and the worldworldlingslings 9 preaching and gathering money to when they returned to kirtland october 25 183518 35 they traveled by lake erie thetherebyreby missing4 0 Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao 97

AMASA M lyman1835LYMAN 1835

elder amasa Mme lyman crossed the cobercomercorner of pennsylvania on his way to alleghenycountyallegheny county new york he had left kirtland on june 15v15 18351835s by december of that same year he was back in kirtland attending the 98 school of the Elelderseidersdersedersa on april 7 of the next yearyears he returned to the easteastseasto in company with his brother in law nathan tanner he journeyed to lake george in new york state and returned in july of the same year although he crossed erie county each timetimestimey elder lyman apparently did not stop on the way 99

JEDEDIAH M GRANT

elder jedediah M grantgrants traveling alonealoneostoppedalonesaloneo stopped in erie county at his brothers house in jarard hiclsiclsic

97 edward partridge journal rissnissPISSMSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentv typescript journal history june 2 1835 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latter day saint missionary fieldfields 1835 98QQ 99QQ lyman appp 63646364063 64640 ibid ppe 63656365963 65965 64 he stayed for three days ffromrom about april 13 1836 9.9 and then continued on into new york rejoicingrejoi cingo illooalloo

LIBEUSLIBJSUS toT COON

under the date of mondaymondays april 25 183618363 elder libeus toT coon wrote from daneautcaneautCanecaneautsautsaut crawford county papaepao li that he had arrived on the nineteenth and had baptized threethrees 101

ALMON NW BABBITT AND BENJAMIN BROWN

elder almon weW babbitt and benjamin brown went on a mission to canada in the summer of 1836 and labored 102 along the way in pennsylvania and new york

JOSEPH SMITHsmithpSMITHs SENIOR t AND HIS BROTHER JOHN SMITH

patriarch joseph smithsmithssmithp srsros and his brother john smith left kirtland on june 22 1836 and visited nearly

100 looodediahedediahedejedediahdiah meM grant journal 1836 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentp ppo 53 loilol101journal Histhistoryorysoryo april 25 1836 cited by jensonjensons pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 183618360 1021102 journal historyHis torys june 25v25 1836 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1836 65 all of the branches of the church in pennsylvania new yorkyorks vermont and new hampshire they baptized many and conferred hundreds of patriarchal blessings and 103 returned october 2 183618360

finalcurtainFINAL CURTAIN

november 27927 1839 a terrible storm forced the boat carrying brighamyoungBrighabrigham youngmYoung heber ceC kimball george aoA smith and reuben hedlockbedlock to land at erie p pennsylvania they were on their way to missions in england and wasted little time in erieerleerieserles P they arrived at Buffbuffalobuffalowbuffalopalosalop new yorkyorksyorko the same day 104 thus erie county had been bypassedby passed as a field of missionary endeaendeavorvorevoro the early missionaries preached with great power and some such as orson hyde and samuel smithsmiths shook off the dust of their feet as a testimony against the people in parts of the county springfield and elk creek became centers of church membership and activity for a timetimes howeverhoveHoweversverp the population in general took little notice of the missionaries 105 or their converts the erie gazetteGagazetteszettey for instance

103intinoimo journal history june 25p25 183618360 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1836 104journal history november 2727p 1839 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1839 erle105niaerienig gazettegazettes may 6 1830 july 1831 septemberseptembers 1831 october 1831 april 1832 may 1832 january march 183318330 66 makes no mention of the mormons in any of the issues reviewed that could have beenbecausebeen because the mormon excitement was not in the town of erie itself 9 although erie was the county seatseatsseate perhaps the paper was so busy with antiantimasonicmasonic items that it did not have time to notice a small religious sect making some waves in the western part of the county apparently howeverhovehoweversverp the rest of the county also turned a disinterested ear their vaywayvayowayswayo some of the members heeded the call to gather to zionzione evidence has been presented however that some who were known to be members of the church remained behind for a variety of reasons yet unknown these individuals refused to follow the cause they had es- poused chapter 5

THE CHURCH IN BRADFORD AND TIOGA COUNTIES

COLUMBIA AND RUTLAND branchesoriginBRANCHES ORIGIN

in the spring of 1831 alpheus gifford heard joseph smith teach the restored doctrines 9 made diligent inquiry and found they were scriptural and was baptized and ordained a priest true to form for new converts of that timetimes he brought five copies of the book of mormon home to give to his friends and family 1 alpheus gifgiffordford was born august 27 1793 at barnstableBamstable massachusettsmassachusettspto to noah and mary bowerman gifgiffordford he married anna nash of butternutsButternuts new york who bore him ten children five in the vicinity of seneca lake new yarkandyorkandYoryorksandYorksandkandpand the next two in tioga county pennsylvania the eighth and ninth children were bomborn in missouri in 1833 and 1837 and the tenth in Yelyeiyelromeyelromeprome Illinoillinoisiss in 1839 2 richardrichardsrichardy judah and noah gifford were

1hctC IV 109 llofn110fnlloyn 484fn joseph smith manuscript history of the church book C l1 pep 1267 located in the LDS church historianhistorians officeofficesclsalt lake city 20 archive records LDS churchchurchgenealogicalgenealogical society libraryLibrarys salt lake city haphcpHC IV 109log llofnlloyn110fno the footnote gives the birthratebirthbirthdatedate as august 28 and 1817 as the year of marriagemarriages 67 68 early settlers in tioga county settling on briar hill 3 near roseville before 181218129 alpheus gifford had to pay six0 cents property tax for his cow in 1823 in columbia townshiptownships bradford county which adjoins rutland township to the easteaste 4 the townships of tioga and bradford counties are shown in figure 3 the success of alpheus mission back to his home in tioga county was partially measured by the fact that five of his friends returned with him to kirtlandKirt lands soon afterwardafterwards to see the prophetprophets thosthosee who came with him were his brotherbrothers levi giffordgiffords elial strongistrong eleazar miller enos curtis and abraham brownbrownsbrowne they were baptized 5c there and alpheus gifford vaswaswas there ordained an eldereiderelderseiderseldero since enos curtis was baptized by lyman wightwights 6 the men may have also been taught by elder wight at kirtland

0 cgale3galegalegaie largy and others life in sevillesrosevillerosevillesRo A socio historical portrait mansfield pennsylvania bailey printing company 1973 p 8 john feF meginness and john meagher histor3historyL 0off tioga county pennspennsylvaniaivania harrisburg roR ceC brown and company 1897 ppeppa 66 551 4bradfordgbradford4bradford county assessment book for columbia townshiptownships 1823 in the bradford county courthouse attic towanda pennsylvaniaPennsylvani a 0 5 5hcjhc IVsIV appp 109log llofnlloyn110fno 6earlybearlyearly church information file genealogical society library salt lake city 1 C x G T G A 0 T E U B E N

ab1b y nichol a I1 A OSCEO A wrencetme nilniilillestonmillestonMilleston fasset an tn Q Cententervilervil ICCD yelitlanolelxELK AND fryy 1waw F I1 jryy 6 OVIFIE N ss C ocwu 0 A K N okwu lille kf A W R E C Z J 3 indhambindham a ox oga bentley creel center lettlilettai a litcfivneld WARREN degdag 6 U T H A T R ft WIND am bryoeryo 1 I1 I1 9 warren center I1 n samsum I w LL a R g&bury 1 1 R fisfle114 1 t war C I1 FA MGT 0 es I1 a cnerscanersers IC E E K cf ti Cn I1 nor arweorwe rdrrde k ti 1 ESTF elael3 C milan A 1 middlebury R U T L R 0 11. ORWELL CHATHAM I1 ig ronpon erville M E 0 tt little ngn R vi 1 RO I1 litti marshmarahMMK 1 e lc T A H F I I- L 0 le ur elleileli I CP I1 sablsabi s iuille z200d I1 WI N G I1 LJ sheshequinvHESNEQUIN I1 aillxill SP I1 ULS e cree& esak creed A mithfie d I1 C Sheshsheshequiequi 1 or oliday DOLUMB Q in id L Y M IL I ree midalmiddl uryuny Austinaustinvillvill P 0 a7svil les 1eae ra1 a ies 00 r1I F allis ll llowallow colcoi bisuiaula cross 0 e n in I1 I1 r I 0 0 ileonlleon 1 P sylvania WY x 1 1 herrick4ille t V 1 0 L 14 my 0 7 G uanman C adno 11 1 myerburgmyerburymyerburcMyerrburgburc S dno 11.11 M ino I 11ae I1 wills 0 jc S 1 f 1l em wili an1 a 7 1 0 I t vli3fliemull 1I c I sk canoe tr S C so STANDING lremcERRICK 1 .4 z W TX 4 owan earickt A I N E sto ead eahbah 4 WEST 1 1 113 STEVEN S 1 ChIe campcemp nainalmainesburgMainesburg I C I chietentn AD .1 asaph C 0 chietn W burlingto uirringum tiiriiI1 alk STONE 1 I1 st bwy1wy Burlini 4 vdensvill e L L V A N burlinitost0 llk 1 ste ensvill E 4 9 CH RL tonTOM tout twauwan xxs SHIPP Round R toStC to leastbeast rowa roundtproundup T 0 BURLINGT ON i tp 1 xs welbwelmweimbo I eikyik Us r burlington T iwanda summerfielddummerfielddummerfield wovingtoovingtoovington tit 44qa444.4 X wovington 41 14p cherrycherny flatsfiatsfiets pu AM RMENIA cowley E smptow 01 nf granville e0tap durell smitow h 0 V I1 NM T 0 N uville t 10 61gh n ton ununuville 11 I1 N I1 11 01 F R A K L h 1 TUSCA 0.1C 0 AS Y L U WYALUSING I R V creek 0 liberty come s 7 a 4tat 01 0 0 0 vl silvarslivarsliver r 0 wlndfill 0 R 0 E morris R ct stony F0 TC0 fcootfoa bloss argurg 1r BARCLAY 1 U N C A N arnot I leroy 0 A N T n4na I1 &1 I1 II- I1 kekst0ekst C n sk 4qh Ic ca n ITO W xh01 T E R R Y tiad n HAMI N L E R 0 0 sulger run era I1 gleason NTW inneinno antrim e oear eddy oadogd ni r V R oe4r grover 0 6 T 0 J A L M V U N 1 0 N c tewalbnj3V albany WIND M 0 R I1 a 1 b W I L M 0 T morris R Y l&ddsbu rg ft V LCIA 8 T 0 to S 9 Whee ue 0 I1 wheelervwheelerelerv I1 me N E T T acklenackwen a toovooyoo liberty roaring branch shunk 0 laveltonloveltonLoteltonteitonvelton 11 E L A 9 0 cr 0 ellenton 0 x i- 4 ti du ore ced lr run littlelettyslettye N 0 R TH R 0 W I1 A C VH E ay&y BRANCHI

fifiguregure 3 tioga and bradford counties 0cr standard erencarence manmap pennsylvania it0itoitatto refreference of chicago rand mcnalley and covcocos v 1972o197201972 70 enos curtcurtisis was born october 9 178317830 in kinder- hook columbia county new yorkyorks to edmund and polly avery curtis he married ruth franklin in new york city on december 15 180518050 fourteen children were born to this unionunions between 1808 and 1832 all of them in rutland

I1 7 tiogaTloga county Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao enos curtis bought some property on november loslog10 1826 in tioga county and sold 8Q some on october ls1 1832 and was listed as a taxable inhabitant of rutland township in 1829 along with judah 9 and nathan gifford and E strongstrongsstrongo alpheus had two brothers named levi and judah who joined the church 10 howeverhovHowevertevers judah later apostasizedapostasizede A closeness between alpheus gifford and enos curtis was exhibited when alpheus named his ninthchilds child who was bobbomborn in missouri 11 ap .9 0 on february 4p4 1837 9 enos curtis gifford

7archivemarchivearchive recordsreco rdsads LDS church genealogical society library salt lake city

Q 8tiogat tioga county deed index in the tioga county courthouse wellsboroweliweilWellweilsWellswellsboropsboroborosborop pennsylvania 9 john leL sexton and others history of titiocratiocka county pennsylvania new york weW weW munsell and cocoecoo 1883p1883 p 3353350 10 lareah heH torontoTorontostop alpheus gifford briefbriefsss gifford informer lbountifulsbountiful utah may 1975 vlisvilVII no le1 11archive records 71 enos second daughter married abraham brownbrowns september 12 13 13013 1834 and his thithlthirdrd girl married elial strongstronge elial strong was baptized in junejunes 0 0 and afafterter a close trial of about three weeks resrespectingectingacting the revelations and the gathering to zion rhischislilislillsl111811118 mindnd became clear and chelcheshe was ordained an elder in the church of christchrist1414 eleazer miller lived in columbia township bradford county he had been bobbomborn to john and sabra bradway miller in hoeymansCoeycoeymansmans albany county new yorkson november 4 1795 he married rebecca vanzant in 181618160 they had a family of seven children between 1817 and 1832 four of whom were bomborn in bradford county pennspennsyl-yl vania 15 he was baptized by levi gifford after the men 16 returned from kirtland in december 183118310 eleazer miller bought property in columbia township in january of 1820182091820.9 march of 1828 and november of 1830 and sold property in the same township in may of 1829 and october

12harlow dunham curtiscurtiss composcomp richard CurtCurticcurtisescurticescurticcjicescj master mariner madison connecticut mrsmrss william dowd scranton 1955o195501955 p 40400 13archive recordsRecordse 14the eleninaeveninaevening and morning star independence missouriltmissouri lt ioI1 no 12 maymaysmayo 1833 ppe 676 7 t biographical sketch of elial strong MSS in LDS historical depart- mentementoment 15archive recordsrecordseRecordse 16andrew jenson latlatterlatterdayter daxday saint biographical encvclopediaencyclopediabncyclqppdiao II11 salt lake citescitycitys andrew jenson history Compancompanyfcompanyyf 1914o191401914 ppo 672 P 72 17 of 1830 accordingly he was taxed inn bradford county for property and animals every year ffromrom 1822 to 1831 inclusive 18 when the brethren returned home from kirtland to bradford and tioga countiesCountieso they must have continued their missionary activities two who apparently joined the church at that time were daniel bowen in columbia townshipI1 and ezra landon in troy township daniel bowen was bomborn june 25 1800 in Shaftsshaftsburgshaftsburgpburg bennington county vermont to james and rhoda otter bowen he married sarah strait in 1822 in vermont where they had the first two of their ten children they came to bradford county pennsylvaniapennsylvaniainPennsylvaniainlainin 1825 or 1826 where three more of their children were bomborn to them 19 he was taxed in bradford county during each yearbetweenyear between 1826 and 1832 inclusive in 1833 he was listed as having gone out of the councountrytrye ll11 20

17 bradford county deed index in the bradford county courthousecourthouses 9 tovanTowantowandadasdap Pennsylvapennsylvaniapennsylvaniaopennsylvanianniao

1 R 18 bradford county assessment books for columbia township 182218311822 1831 in the bradford county courthouse atticattics Towantowandadap pennsylvania 19 archive records e 202 bradford county assessment books for columbia townshipTownshipsshipp 182218311822 1831 in the bradford county courthouse attic tovanTowantowandadasdap Pennsylvapennsylvaniapennsylvaniaopennsylvanianniao 73 ezra landon was the fourth child of laban and elizabeth gillis landon laban landon a native of new jersey was a physician and a farmer he settled in canton township js bradford county in 1799 and removed to troy wishiptownshipTo in the same cocountyantyunty in 1822 21 ezra landon bought some property in april 1830 in troy township and sold some in the same township in june of the same 22 year from 1823 to 1828 laban landon was listed in the assessment books ezra landon was assessed in 1830 and 1831 for a fortyfiveforty five acre farm and a cow 23 in the fall of 1831 elder elial strong brothers potter and bowen presumably daniel bovenbowenbowens went on a short term mission to Shaftsshaftsburyshaftsburysshaftesburyburyburys vermont where a few 24 received the workworks elder strong relareiarelatedtede

21 2lclementclement feF heverly pioneer and patriot a fam- 1 ilies off braafbradfbradfordord county 1 pennsylvania 1717701800177070 1800 I towandaTo vandaswandas pennsylvania star print 1913 p 334 22 bradford county deed index 18121876181218121876111876187611 in the bradford county courthousecourthouses tovanTowantowandadatdas pennsylvania 239 3bradford county assessment books for troy township 183018311830 1831 in the bradford county courthouse attic towanda pennsylvania 24the evenineveningq and morning star Independenindependenceindependencepcescep missouri IsI1 no 12 may 1833p1833 p 7 richard shelton williamswilliamss the missionary movements of the 185011 LDS church in new england 9.9 18301850183018301850111850 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1969 pep 13 74

THE MISSION TO MENDON

elder elial strong wrotewrotesprotes in the winter several of us went to mendonmendons new yorkyorksyorky and the work of the lord commenced herehere25hereocereo 25 these elders labored in the vicinity of the first missionary trip after the organization of the church samuel hoH smith is credited with being that first missionmissionaryarysarya samuel had gone in junejulyjune july 1830 to livonia to sell some copies of the book of Mormormonraonenaone during this triptrips he left a copy of the book with reverend john poP greene of Bloomingbloomingtontonttons new yorknearYoryorkknearnear 26fi livonia although the reverend grgreeneeenebeene did not find any sales for the bookbooks samuel gave the book to his wife rhoda young greene a sister to brigham youngyoungsyoungg because she kindly sympathizedrympasympathizedthibed with him in his effort to spread 27 the truthtruthstrutho to Ssamuelabueamue 1 was able to sell one book to phinehas youngyoungsyoungg a brother to brigham in victorvictora new york just east of mendon phinehas was a preacher of the methodist

25215 ththeQ Evenieveningncr and morninastarsmorning star IPI1 no 12 may 1833t1833 p 707 OA 26lucy mack smith history of joseph smithsmithssmithy ededseda preston nibley salt lake city stevens & wallis inc 1945 ppsppe 168171168 171 27 preston nibley isthamicthambrBricbricrhambrickhamrham youngyoungg the man and hihis work ad3d ededeedo Independenindependencecescep missouri azioszions printing & publishing cocoecoo 1944p1944 ppo 5 zios 75 reformed church he bought the bookk intending1 to fulfill his duty to read it and search out the errors andsand as a teacher in israel expose such errors and save the people from the delusdelusionionelone ll11 accordingly he set aside the next week for the purpose and during the week read every word and then repeated the process the following week not only was he unable to find the expected errors but he felt a conviction that the book was true when asked the following sabbathsabbaths to declare his feelings on the book of mormon he began to defend it and the spirit of god came upon him in a marvelous manner he related I1 spoke at great length on the importance of such a vorkworkworks quoting ffromrom the bible to support my positionpositions and finally closed by telling the people that I1 believed the book the greater part of the people agreed with my views and some of them said they had never heard me speak so well and with such powerpower28power82882828 both his father john young and his sister 29 fanny murraynextmurray next read the book and became convinceconvincedde phinehas accompanied his brotbrotherbrokherfhers joseph young on a methodist preaching tour to kingston upper canadacanadas beginning in august 1830 while on that triphriptripskripskripp phinehas had some experiences which deepened his interest in the

PR 28eldeneldeneiden jay watsonwatsons autobiography of phinehas youngyoungs Manumanuscrimanuscriptscri t history of brigham Younyoungkyounayounggt 180118441801 1844 salt lake city smith Secretasecretarialkialkiaiklai service 1968 millennial starstarsstarp XXVxxvp XXVI rptratorpto ppe xix 29ibid ppe xviii xix 76 book of mormon he and his brother visitedvis ted solomon chamberlain inih lyonslyonsp new yorkyorke that gentleman gave them over two hours worth of information on mormonismMormon isme his remarks included

e tthechehe necessity of another church or of the impotncimpotimportancence of rebaptism e the importance of the power of the holy priesthood and the necessity of restoration in order that the power of the its .30 gospel might be made manifestmanifesto 0 3030 phinehas became convinced of the truth of the words of this man and could think of little but the book of mormon and mormonism on his way home phinehas heard an indian preacher while he set forth the traditions of his fathers in a masterly vaywayvaysways and made many statements corroborating the truth of the book of mormonmormone 01310931 phinehas spoke about the book of mormon and bore his testimony to two different annual conferences of methodist preachers as he Journejourneyedyedeyeda 32 thus was the way prepared and the stage set for the missionary journey of five pennsylvania elders to mendonmendons 9 new yorkthatyorkshatyork that fall or early winter of 183118 31 these men were eleazer miller and daniel bowen from columbia township enos curtis alpheus gifford and elial strong from rutland township 33 they tarried at

on 31QIQ I 320 301bidepoibid p xiexioxi ibid ozibidppibid s ppsppe axixxi xxiiixviii e 33 orson feF whitney life of heber coC kimball ath4th ededsede 1945 rptratorpto salt lake citescitycitys bookcraft 1973 heber ceC Au ceC lp kimball tobioautobioautobiographycotyloraphy of heber Kimbalkimball deseret Nmfyysmayysewaawapwepwq salt lake citylocity VIII no 4 cited by preston 77 the house of phinehas young and curiosity prompted heber C kimball to go and listen to them when he said forofformoffor the first timehimebimetimetbimeshimes I1 heard the falnessfulness of the ever 34 lasting gospelgospels0 brigham young also heard them preachpreachy OC about which he recorded 1 I heard and belibellbeilbelievedevedo 61351135 brigham young spoke of this experience some twenty years later in the tabernacle at salt lake city at that time he referred to the man who baptized him eleazer miller seated in the congregation he said that a simplesimpie10simplet unadorned testimony of a ervantservants of god was more powerful than all the world he related

0 the holy ghost proceeding from that individual illuminated my understanding and light glory and immortality were before me I1 was encircled by them filled with them and I1 knew for myself that the testimony was true36true 36 A son of one of the missionamissionalmismlsmissionariessionaslonariesles related the following story about brigham youngs conversion experience

nibley bribricrhambrickhamBric rhamam young the man and his work odad3d edede 1944 independence missouri zions printing & publishing company 1936 p 606 0434 nibley pop 6 whitneywhitneyt ppo 18180

35 watson pop 2 0 36 brigham young address delivered at salt lake city june 13t13 1853 journal of discourses reporter george F 1 D fo gibbs I odad3d rptapt 1964 0 london feF do and soS woW Richardrichardssp 1854 p 90 V nibley ppe 61846 184 78 the meeting where brigham young heard the after 6 five missmissionariesionariesfonariesionlonariesarles including enosnos 0 bear testimony of the gospel he hurried home to his wife who was sick in bed he went to his room and in prayingI1 to the lordlordilords he asked if this religion is truetrues to send the missionaries to his homehomes that they might pray for his sick wife and also explain the gospel to her the next night as the elders were passing his homehomes they were impressed with the tidiness of his yards and said any man that has that much pride in his home must be worth visiting so they went in brigham was watching from the window to see if his prayer would be answered he hurriehurrlehurriedlydlyadly opened the door and welcomed them inlneineino they administered to his wife and she seemed more at ease brigham then told them he had prayed for them to come and that he had faith she could be healed through aadministrationdministration37administration3737 following the visit of the elders to mendon heber coC Kimbalkimballlp father john youngyoungs brigham and joseph young were gathering some wood together and pondering upon the things which had been told themtheinthern by the elders and upon the saints gathering to zion when the glory of god shone upon them and they saw the gathering of the 00 saints to zion and many more things 38 after laboring in mendonmendonsmendonv the five elders from pennsylvania continued on their mission they

0 to 0 went to warsaw then to lake erie and home by way of angelicaangelicas preaching the vordwordwords and blessed be the name of the lordliordp signs followed them that believed insomuch that some who were sick wasjsicvaswas sic healed and some spake with tongues and gloriglorifiedled god39godj39

37eunice37eunice E curtis record compcompecompo the ancestors hind enos and and descendants of curtis ruthj franklinutahfranklinfrankilnfrankiin utah pioneers 178319641783 1964 and related families saitsaltt lake city eunice ceC recordrecords lnnadjndjdexdaxdap pep 13913 38whitneyswhitney ppe 29919919 39aq3q the evenineveningq and morning starstartstars IsI1 nonoe 12 maymays 1833 ppe 707 79

A TRIP TO COLUMBIA BRANCH AND THE GIFT OF TONGUES

driven by a desire to leamlearn more of the princi-

11 ples of mormonism 9 brigham youngyoungs phinehas young and heber ceC kimball made the one hundred twenty mile trip with the latters sleigh and horses to visit the branch of the church in Columbicolumbiaat pennsylvania they left mendon about january 20 with brigham and phinehas taking their wives along 40 we arrived at the place where there was a small branch of the church we conversed with them attended their meetings and heard them preachy and after staying about one week we returned homehomeshomey being still more convinced of the truth of the workworks and anxious to learn its principles and to leamlearn more of joseph smiths missionmissions the members of the branch in pennsylvania were the first in the church who received the gift of tongues41tonguestongues04141 the new testament language of signs 1 shall I follow them that belibellbeilbelievebelleveevell seems to be especially appr- opriate for the people of the columbia branch regarding the above experience which had such an effect on brigham young and his associates 9 a son of alpheus gifford wrote in the biographical sketch of the mis- siosionarynary the gifts of the gospel were enjoyed by many signs followed those who believed devils were cast out the sick were healed many prophesiedprophecied some spake with new tongues while others interpreted the same mrmrsmre calvin gilmour with whom brother

40 watsonwatsons 9 ppe xxiiixviiixxiiie 41 ibiasibidsibidy psp 2 nibley pep 7sas7 80 gifgiffordford had previously been associated in preaching heard him speak in tongues and interpret gilmour declared he understood the languages and that they were interpreted correctlycorrectlys and that he knew gifford had no classical learning S but that he would rather be damned than believe in Mormonismmormonism4242 A letter appeared in the new york evangelist dated bradford county pennsylvania august 1832183211 and referred to an appointment for preaching that had been set forfor the afternoon of july 30 and a subsequent meeting that evening some of the MormonimormonitesmormonitessMormonitestess together with others collectcollectededs and the meeting commenced and went on the same as your meetings do untiuntil1 about 10 oclock when I1 should saysays by what I1 saw and feltfeitfeltsfeits of a truth the lord was present with us the spirit seemed to rest and clothe upon a mrs conkling and I1 thoughthoughtthoughtstt and think yetyets that I1 heard a few words of a language that I1 could not understand you must know that my mind was on the lookoutslookoutelook out and not long afterafters perhaps ortyfortyfivefforty fivelvefive minutes she broke forth in prayer to god in a language that I1 could not understand and continued two or three minutesminutesuteg and then in our language she gave an interpretation of what she had said then she broke out again in the same language and was more lengthy than the first timetimed this last prayer or exhortation she did not interpret I1 am credibly informed that they have these gifts of the gospel I1 trust that I1 shall see and hear more yetyetsyeto 0 when I1 do I1 will writewrites I1 leave all to god whether you believe or disbelievedisbelieve4343 brigham young also received this gift of the spirit in mendon abouaboutt four or fivelvefive months later and after his baptibaptismsmesmo it was at brother KimballkimbalfskimballtsKimbairsalfsts house one morning that alpheus gifford began speaking in

4249 HCsH IV pep iloiiolioeiloe110 4 athe3thethe eveningeveninaind and mo minerinc star I1 no 7 december 1832v1832 p 707 81 tongues during the offering of family prprayerayereayera brigham related

soon the spirit came on memetmes9 and I1 spoke in tongues 9 and we thought only of the day of pentecost when the apostles were clothed upon with cloven tongues of fire44 this was brighams first experience speaking in tongues H according to Bbe he Roberrobertsrobertsptst9 the branch at mendon was the second in the church where this gift was manifestmanifestededeedo 45 Subsequentsubsequentlylyslyp in Sepseptemberseptemberstembert 1832 heber ceC Kimbalkimballlp joseph young and brigham young traveled to kirtlandKirtlandslandy to see the prophet josephjosephejosepho ll11 they met and prayed with the branches of the church along the vaywayvaysways and Brigbrighamhamshamp spoke in tonguestongues1tontongueseguesegueso ll111 during their four or five days in kirtland with josephjosephs they experienced many things of which the prophet selected the following to preserve at one of our interviewinterviewsinterviewspsp brother brigham young and john P greene spoke in tongues which was the first time I1 had heard this gift among the brethren others also spokespokes and I1 received the gift myselfmyself4646 brigham commented that he had spoken in tongues during a prayer which joseph had called on him to offer

44 watsonwatsons p 3 nibley p 9go 45 HCITC IsI1 pop 297fn297fne nibley ppo 999 46 HC IsI1 ppe 296 297fn297fno 82 and that thebrethrenthe brethren questioned joseph afterward to see if it was from god or from the devil joseph proclaimed it to be from god and named the language as the pure adamic langulanguageageeageo 004747 holevehowevehoweverr their initial experience with the gift came in columbia township bradford countypennsylvaniacounty pennsylvania january of 18321832s immediately upon their return to mendon from columbia brigham and his brotherbrother in law john peP greengreeneeventewentdewentventwent to canada to giveg1 ve the glad news to joseph young and to bring him home when brighamsBrighans brother heard the tidings his heart rejoiced and they arrivedI1 back in mendon in march after a journey of some four hundred miles 48 then phinehas young joseph young and their fatherfathers john young made the trip to columbia branch where tthehe latter two both became convinced of the truth of Mormonimormonismsmesmo ll11 there on april 505 18321832v phinehas young was baptized by elder ezra landon and john young was baptized by elder daniel bowen the next daydays joseph young was baptized by elder daniel bowen 49 and they started for home the following daydaye

47 watson ppe 4 nibley pps liw11911 48iftirr watson p 2 nibley pop 808 49 watson ppo xxiv nibley ppo 8 according to the biographical sketch of his fathers life that brigham included in the introductionhisintroduction his father was baptized by ezra landon but phinehas who was present at the time named daniel bowen see watsonwatsons pspo vieviovi 83 also returning with the youngs or coming afterafter very shortly were elders eleazer miller alpheus Gifforgifforddp and perhaps others to participate further in the missionary work and baptisms around mendon brigham young was baptized and confirmed at the waters edge by eleazer miller on april 1414914.9 1832 at mendon in cold and snowy weather eleazer also ordained brigham an elder before his clothing had dried brigham recorded that he marvelleemarvelledmarvelled at that ordination and he felt a humble childlikechild like spirit witnessing unto him that his sins were forgiven 150950 two days later heber ceC kimball announcedannouncedto to his pennsylvania missionary brother alpheus I1 am ready to go forward and be baptized thusthuss they walked about a mile into the woods where heber was baptibaptizedzed and confirmed by brother gifford he was also going to ordain the new member an elder but heber felt unworthy 51 and pleaded that the ordination be postponepostponedde the ordination followed that summer at the hands of joseph youngyoungo 52 the missionaries and their new converts continued to labor in the mendon area and baptized

50 watson ppe 2 3 nibley p 8

51Whitwhitneyneys ppe 21222122021 22022 52 HCO Iiq1 ppo 296 ohlohiwhiwhitneytneyaney ppe 24240 84 more than thirty people in the next few weeks miriam works young Brighabrighamsmts wife was baptized about the first week inmaneinmayein may she died of consumption four months later 53 hebers wife vilate kimball was baptized about the end of april by joseph youngyoungeyounga father john youngs wife marymarysmaryo and clarissa young the wife of 54 phinehas were also baptized john p0paP greene and his wife rhoda young greenegreenes were also baptized in april 1832by1832 by eleazer miller after he was confirmed brother greene prophesiedprophecied spoke in tongues and soon afterwards was ordained an elder by the same missionary the greenes children were also baptizebaptizedds 55 fanny young 56c murray was baptized in april 1832vby1832 by alpheus Gifgiffordforde william stilliostillsostillsonn and his wife susanna young stillson were baptized in june 1832 also baptized in 1832 were joel sanford and his wife louisa young sanfordSanfordefordo 57

53 watson ppo 3 nibley ppe 9109 10 54 whitney p 22220 orson koK whitneytwhitneysWhitneys list of members of the branch at mendon gives the name of father john youngyoungs wife as mary but according to brighams biographical sketch of his father johnsjohnisjohnss first wife nabby hoehoue had died in 1815 and he had married the widow hannah brown two years laterlatero he had one son by hannah whom he named edvardedwardedwardeedwardo yet brighams brotherbrothers edward is listed as being born of john and his wife mary waksonwatsonwatsons appp ivviiv vi and xxxvxxxvo 55 jenson bioblobiographical9 ical encyclopediencyclopediaencyclopedic1aaa ppe 633 whitneywhitneytwhitneyq p 22 watsonwatsons p viiivilivill 56watson p viiiviii5 whitney ppo 22022 5 7watsonswatson ppo bipxipxi xxxixxxil whitney ppe 22 85 another of father john youngs family who joined the church in0 1832 was lorenzo dow young and his wife persis goodall youngyoungo lorenzo then lived in hector tompkins county new yorkyorks where he heard of the mormons and borrowed a book of mormon from a neighborneighbors t he read itits gained a testimony and assembled his family and started out for jackson county missouri after a stop in mendonmendons he continued to warsaw new yorkwhereyork where his brother in lavlawlaws john Ppo GreeGreenepgreenewasgreenewaygreenesgreenepwasnevasnavasnewasvaswas living while there he accompanied his nephewnephews evan Mmo Greegreenergreenesonnesonneaonon a preaching assignmentassignments since he had not yet been baptizebaptizedbaptizedpdp lorenzo was reluctant to accept the invitation 9 but because he believed he did to the satisfaction of an attentive audienceaudiences back in warsaw the next day he was baptized and confirmed by his nephew lorenzo was ordained an iderldereldereider by his brotherbrothers 9 phinehas and continued his 58cp successful missionary vorkworkvorkeworke the rest of the young family john young jrjre and his wife theodocia kimball youngyoungs still in hector new yarkandyorkandYoryorksandYorksandkandgand nancy young kent with her husbandhusbands daniel kent in tyronetyrones steuben county new york were baptized in 1833 after joseph baptized his brother john in 59 october elder william quigley ordained him an elder

CO 58watson ppe xxxi xxxiioxxxii 59ibidibidev p viiivillvin xxe 86 three of brighams brothers and one brotherinlawbrother in law had been methodist preachers before their conversion to mormonism and the whole family seems to have been especially ready to accept the everlasting gospel when it was presented to themthemethema four other families were 60 listed as members of the new mendon branch

EXPANDING AND GATHERING

while the new converts in mendon continued a successful labor in that area and elseeiseelsewherewhereso the elders in and from pennsylvania were also workingworkings elial strong reported that four of us from rutland and two from mendonmendons went to the province of upper canada 61i during the suisursummertimer of 183218320 phinehas and joseph young from mendonmendons eleazer millermillers enos curtis elial strong and one unnamed ffromrom rutland left in june of 18183232 for earnest towntownstowny canadacanadas they labored there for about six weeks 9 organized one branch of the churchchurchy and baptized C many elial strong said teathethathethat he baptized five theretheres 62

60 whitney Psp 22s22 61elial strong and eleazer miller extract of a letterletters the evening and bornnornmornmomincrI1 ncf starV IIs1 no 12 maysmaymayo 1833p1833 PCpo 7e7ae 62fi ibid watson ppe xxivxxive 0 elder strong evidently included eleazer miller as one from rutlandRutlando even though his home was really in Columbicolumbiaae since these two townships share a common borderborders even though in different counties it is probable that they were sometimes not careful to distinguish between the two see figure 3sas33. 87 the efforts of the six missionaries were fol lowed by a mission6 1 of brigham and joseph young to kingston and west leboroloboroloboro9 canada and another by brigham to lyons town kingstonkingston 9 earnest town and others on the first of the two missions in the winter of 1833 they baptized about fortyfiveforty five people during the spring and summer of that year and organized a branch at west leboroloboroloboroe on the second mission brigham baptized many and organized a branch at lyonstownslyons towntownstowne then brigham led some of the new converts to Kirtkirtlandlandslande 63 during the summer of 18329 elder ezra landon had gone from pennsylvania to avon and Genesgenesseeseetsees new york and was laboring with brigham young heber ceC kimball and others he had baptized eighteen or twenty and asked heber to confirm them because he was afraid to confirm them and promise0 them the holy ghostsghostnghostoghosen 64 in addition to the pennsylvania successes in rutland and columbia townshiptownshipsst there had also been baptisms in sullivan Towntownshiptownshipsshipsshipp tioga county troy and vc canton townships in bradford county 65 the office of the star at independence in mymay 1833 noted two letters

63C 3 watson apppppe 6 7 nibley apppppappe 13141314013 14o14 64664 watsonwatsons pop 24 HCH I1 pep 297fn297fne

65strong65strong and miller psp 7 88 received from pennsylvania one from rutland and one from troytroystroye 66 june 1832 saw brother alpheus gifford and others on their way to missouri they spent the winter in cincinnati with a few saints who had been baptized by lyman wight he went on to jackson county missouri 9 the next year and suffered the persecutions of the saints in missouri and illinois until his death in the 67 morley settlementsettlements december 25025 1841e1841 the status of the church near troytroystroyo bradford countywascounty vaswas noted by elders eeE babesbamesbarnes and 009 kilbourn on october 27027 183418340 they reported that there were then twenty members where there had been twentyeighttwenty eight before because some of them had emigratedI1 to the west and one 68Q had recently been baptizebaptizedds elder daniel bowen who had apparently been paying taxes for several years in columbia township was listed on the assessment records of 1833 as having gone out of the country and transferred his forty acres to joseph wilbur lyman leonard also transferred his

66 10 morningcr 1 letters 9 the eveningandevening and mornin star IsI no 12 may 183301833 pep 7 67 aclhclHCO IV p hofnhoan110fn toronto 680 o andrew jenson compcompscompe pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments october 17s17 183418340 89 eiahtyeighty acres to the same man and moved out of the country n four other families were listed as having left the area of columbia township 69 lyman leonard and his family had joined seven other families at olean pointpoints new york to travel down the alleghanyalleghenyAlleghany and ohio rivers on their way to zion in jackson county missouri three of the families were youngs of mendon lorenzo young phinehas young joel sanford and their wives the eight families built two houseboats and floated down the alleghanyalleghenyAlleghany river to pittsburgh 9 pennsylvania where lorenzo and phinehas stopped and raised up a branch of the church they labored there from october 27 1832 until july 3 1833 during that timetimestimea lorenzo was sent as a missionary to avon mendon and Genesegeneseeeq new york Accordingaccordinglylyslyp he left 70 pittsburgh in april 183318330 when he returned he was accompanied by his father they started in their family boat from pittsburgh moving toward jackson countycouney missouri on july 4 1833 the river being too slovslowslows they concluded to stop and preach for a season at east Liverliverpoolpools columbiana county ohio they soon raised up a large

69bradford county assessment books for columbia township 182218311822183101822 1831 70watsontwatson ppe xxvpxivxxv xxxii 90 branch and felt quite at himeohomeohornedhommed shortly after they had begun again in the fall for zionzionsziony they learned that the saints had been driven out of the county therefore and at the direction of the prophetprophets they determined to go to kirtland 71 not all who removed themselves from the branches in pennsylvania did so by the church approved course of

ff gathering to zionzions o excommunication was the answer of the church to those who refused to live its highmoralhigh moralmorai code or subject themselves to the voices of the con- ferencesferences of elderseiders lyman johnson and orson pratt signed the following notice to the church about ezra landon at a conference of elders of the church of christ convened at geneseo v livingston county noN yoY on the 31st of decemberdecembers 1833 ezra landin sic formerly an elder in said church was silenced by the voicevolce of said conference for promulgating unscriptural principles and refusing to give proper satisfaction for his conduct his credentials were demanded by the conference but they were denied according to the rules and regulations of the church he was then excom- municatedmunicated from this body 1272

ZIONS CAMP

in addition to the six or more men that erie county supplied to wloszions campcamps tioga county sent two

71 ibid q ppeppa xivxxvxxv0 xavixxvixxv1 xxxiixxxn xxxiiisxxxiii 72 lyman johnson to whom it may concernconcerns the evenievenincrncrng and morninmorningq star II11 no 17 feb 1834 p 6 91 elial strong and levi giffordgiffords and bradford county pro- videdvi one eleazer miller there may have been others yet unidentified eleazer miller joined zions camp on friday may 31 1834 a little east of rochester with some other men and three horses he concluded the day of preaching the following sabbath with a powerful

ll11 73 exhortation o he was known to speak with great power of the holy ghost it was said he could be heard a mile and a half 74 he was ordained a seventy in 1839 and a president of seventy in 1844 75 levi gifford also completed the zions camp march successfully and was called as a member of the first quorum of Sevenseventytyttys serving there with at least three erie county pennsylvania men stephen winchesterwinchesters moses martin and 76 jedediah Mme grant when cholera struck the camptcampcampp elial strong was one of the twelve members of zionszionts camp who succumbed to the disediseasediseasesasesasee he had been a faithful elder and an untiring missionary during his three years as a member of the church eleazer miller who was one of nine

73 hctHSact lisII11 ppsppe 76 78fn 74times and seasons nauvoo illinoisitIllinoillinoisisit visVI p 773 c1cacitedted by william deD talbot azios11zion9s camp unpublished masters thesis brighamziosyoung university 1973t1973 ppe 990gge99 75ibid early church information file 76hc76wi lisIIPlipII11 ppe 203 2042040 92 listed as being among the most activeactive in caring for the sick and burying the deaddeadadeadp probably cared for and then buried his friend and companion in missionary work from 77 his home state elialseliass wife martha curtis strongstrongs died that same year december 229 18341834p aged twenty two 78 of the five missionaries who first carried the gospel to mendonmendons new yorkyorks two died before the prophet joseph diddidedido elial died a martyr to the cause and alpheus gifford died in 1841 of consumption after ten years of laboring0 and presiding among the saints 79 he had been ordained a high priest on april 7 of that year or in nauvoo 80 one of the five apparently never chose to go west with brigham youngyoungo daniel bovenbowenbovenwen had been ordained a seventy in kirtland on december 20 1836oand1836 and 81Q n died in new canton 9 pike countyCountys illinoisiliinoisp in 188018800 eleazer miller emigrated to great salt lake valley in 1848 was ordained a high priest in 1849 and served for the next ten years on the salt lake stake high council

77 afflicting the eveninevening and morningL ncr starS ta ro IIilg11 nonoenoo 22 augustaugustsaugusto 1834t1834 ppo 8 78 78archivearchive records 0 79Torontorontotoetoo 80ROearly church information filefliefileefileo 81ibidibideabide 93 82 dying in 187618769 the eldest of the five enos curtis gathered to zion and suffered the persecutions there he presided at a conference in quincy Illinillinoisolstoist in 184418440 in nauvoo while ferrying the mississippi river he commanded the wind to take him and his family to shore which it diddida elder curtis emigrated west in 1848 and springvillespringvillepSpringvillevilie utahutahs became his home heber ceC kimball ordained him a patriarch in 1852 four years p 0 before his deathdeaths 83

MORMON LAKE AND MORMON HILL

joel campbell and his family were some of the first settlers in ridgeburyRidgebury townshiptownships bradford county see figure 3eae33. they settled on bentley creek near the state line in 180518050 many of the campbells joinedthejoined the 84 Morcormonsmormonsmormonsemonsmonse while the campbells settled about one mile from the state line an area in the southern part of ridgeburyRidgebury township became known as mormon hill the area received its name because a settlement of the mormons had been there before but they had moved on and

82ibidibideabide jenson pep 672

Q Q 83early church information file recordrecords ppe 14149 3484 heH coC bradsby 9 history of bradford county pennsylvania0 with biographical selections chicago soS beB nelson and cootcoosco 1891p1891 ppo 482 heverlyHeverlys pop 488 rev david craftcraftscrafty historvhistory of bradford county pennsylvania withth lustrationsillustrationsI1 1lustrations andancl bibiographicaloaraDhica 1 sksketchesetches 177018781770 1878 philadelphia leL heH everts aandnd Cco0 0 v 187801878 pop 3463460 94 settled in the west under the leadership of joseph 91985R smithsmithssmithe a 0 in the 1830s there was a shallow frog pond with trees growing in itltv near mormon hillhills which became known as mormon lakelakeslakee in their daydays the mormons Q were reported to have baptized in the lake 86 since thenthenotheng mormon lake has been developed into a private 87 fifishingshingo hunting and recreation resortresort9resorts A rabbit hunter found some of the footings that remained from older homes while hunting near the lake A friend of his who had a new home on the lake said the footings 88QQ used to belong to the mormons who lived there figure 4 is a picture of mormon lake as it appeared in the summer of 1974 many campbells including a joel are listed in the ridgeburyRidgebury assessment books for the years 1820

Q C 85gladys burnham compascomposcompcompoy the ridaeburiddRidaridcreburyebu stostory ridgeburyRidgebury townshiptownships pennsylvania ridgeburyRidgebury township phavptavPTA 1964 0 appp 15v15 20 arraar 86statement gene and helen mccrackenmccrackens long of 0 time residents4 and historians of bradford county in a personal interviewinterviews vandaswandastowandavandagTo pennsylvania july 27 1974 87ftcft7 burnham ppeppa 15 20 statement of mrsmrsa james gladys burnham in a personal interview bentley creekcreercreeks pennsylvania august lo101 197419740 her source of information about mormon hill was william leffingwellLeffingwelleffingwellsls a grandson of john walshwaishwalsho QQ 88statement88statement of james E andrus now of ogden utahutahs andandsando prior to 196619662 of bradford county pennsylvania in a telephone interview with the authorauthors ogden utah july 24 197519750 he lived four miles from mormon lake lew serfserfasas of bradford county told the author that mr andrus might have some information about the mormons of mormon lake 95

figure 4 mormon lake

A photograph by the author while on location in pennsylvania in august 1974 in the 1830s it was a shallow frog pond with trees growing in it in 1974 it was a private fishing hunting and recreation resort 96 through 1841 although some may have moved away however there are no campbells listed from 1842 through 89 184418440 the ridgeburyRidgebury township school directors voted december 15 183818380 to pay 3120312031.20 for operating the school in the part district called mormon hill the part district apparently continued until april lip11311 1842twhent1842 when ifitifftit was agreed that the two parts of sub district no 6 mormon hill and joJ kline settlement each be set off and compose two whole and separate districts 6190119090 apparently the mormons moving away had not hurt the enrollment at

all it the view in figure 5 was photographed from a high point in the mormon hill area looking north the map in figure 6 shows mormon lake and the mormon hill area in the southwest cobercomercorner of ridgeburyRidgebury township bradford county pennsylvania the bradford county planning map shows mormon hill to be the name of the ridge that runs from west of mormon lake to the lake and thence to the northeast 91 however the ridgeburyRidgebury

QQ 89bradford county assessment books for ridgeburyRidgebury township 182018441820 1844 in the bradford county courthouse atticattics towanda pennsylvania 90ridgeburyRidgebury township school Directordirectorsdirectorsfsf minute book in the possession of gladys burhambumhamBurnburnhamshams bentley creekcreeks pennsylvania seen and photographed by the author on august is1 1974 91bradford91 Bradford county planning map bradford county planning commissioncommissionscommissionp obtained by the author in augustaugusts 197419740 97

ij T

figure 5 mormon hill A photograph by the author while on location in pennsylvania in august 1974 the picture was taken looking north from a hill in the southwestern corner of ridgeburyRidgebury township 98

figure 6 ridgeburyRidgebury township bradford county pennsylvania general highway map of bradford countyCountys pennsylvania pennsylvania department of highways 196419640 copy given to the author by gene and helen mccrakenMcCrakenakene 99 township school district map showed the ffarmarm of J walsh southwest of the lake in the location of the mormon hill 92 caption in figure 606 figure 5 was shot from that approximate loclocationationo john walsh settled on mormon hill 93 in 184018409

NAUVOO TIOTIOGA133a COUNTY pennsylvania

one of the earliest settlers to columbia township coming about 1800 was oliver canfield and his family including two sons moses and danieldaniele 94 daniel weW canfield apparently moved to the neighboring tioga county and settled in the southwesternsouth western comercorner of liberty township his settlement became known as nauvoo pennsylvania about 1844 it was named after the mormon nauvoo because of daniel canfield who was a mormon elder living there 95 the mormons were supposed to have moved away to the nauvoo ina illinois in about 1845 but daniel woW canfield aged 45v45 his wife and four children 96 still appear in the 1850 census in liberty Towntownshipshipe

92school district map of ridgeburyRidgebury county 1860- 1870 photograph in possession of the author of a 1963 photostaticphotostatic copy of a 1944 photograph of the mapmape authors photograph taken on august lp1 1974 93Q Q al94ql burnham pop 20 heverly ppo 4414419 95 sexton pop igi1911919 96united states census of 1850 copy in the home of william and rhoda ladd wellsboroWellsboro pennsylvania pep 197 100 it is also claimed that nauvoo was named by mrs lydia jane peipelpeirsonrson s a poet of some prominence ffromrom liberty townshipTownshipe she chose the name because during the mormon excitement a few persons living in the neighborhood became adherents of that faithfalthfaiths and went vithwithw1 th the mormons to nauvoo illiillinoisnoisnols 09797 an elderly native of nauvoo reported that a woman named mrs fulkerson was one of the mormons who 98 lived there for a time and then moved away to the west the map in figure 7 shows the communities in liberty township which township lies on the southern border of tioga county nauvoo is near the western boundary of the township the picture in figure 8 was taken on Nauvoonauvoosls main street showing the villagervillages only store

97 meagher p 6486480

98statement of raymond Gregregorygorys a native of nauvoo in a personal interviewinterviews nauvoo pennsylvania august 2 19741974e he also told a story of a girl0 who was supposed to have been abducted to be a wife to joseph smith he said she escaped and ran away on footfoots until she wore out her shoes the first day she ran about 110 miles she met a fellow who was going to elmira in a sleigh and team and went with him and married him thereotherdothere 0 lyn&its

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figure 7 liberty township tioga county pennsylvania map of tioga county commonwealth of pennsylvania it department of highways FJ harrisburg september 1964 copy given to the author by william and rhoda laddladde H0 figure 8 nauvoo pennsylvania A by on pennsylvania august photograph the author while location in in 0 1974 mr raymond gregory who was interviewed for this paper lived in the M home immediately past the store in the picture chapter 6

SOUTHWEST pennsylvania

ZEBEDEE COLTRIN AND JESSE CAUSEGAUSE

zebedee coltrin and jesse gause were apparently the first missionaries to labor in the southwest part of the state elder coltrin was born at ovid seneca county new yorkyorksyorko on september 7 1804180491804.9 andands was baptized into the church soon after its organization 1 he was mentioned as an elder as early as june 1831 and

0 2 later participated in zions camp on april 191 1832 jesse gause left for missouri with newel koK whitneywhitneyt peter whitmer and joseph smithsmiths jr to fulfill the revelationrevelations 3 zebedee coltrin returned from missouri june 15s15 1832 to his fathers home in strongsvilleStrongsville ohio he started on a mission to the east on august 1 of the same year with jesse gausegausey also returned from

1hcqah1h I1 pep 3223220 candrew2andrew9 andrew jenson latterlatterdayday saint biobloqraphicalbiographicalgraphical encyclopedia I1 salt lake city andrew jenson history company 19010igol1901 p 190igo1909

3hcjhcC I1 pep 2652650

103 104 missouri after passing through a number of communities in the northeast comercorner of ohioohionohiov they crossed over intonto pennsylvania and passed through greensburggreensburyGreens burg in beaver

county elder coltrin recorded that they 9 lodged that night at the falls of big beaver 10 miles from greens burg and probably near or in the modemmodern village of

beaver fallsfalis the next daydays 9 august 16p16 183218320 they passed

through economy and arrived at pittsburgh P economy is 10 miles from beever sic & 18 from Pittsburgpittsburghho ll11 next they traveled on eight miles toward brownsvilleBrownsville and Ilodailodaedlodgeded at dr CurrycurrytsCurcarryscurrysrysts on the nineteenthnineteenths they spent their sabbath day four miles further on at carvel rigdons house and attended a baptist lsiclloiclsic meeting nearby 0044 figure 9 is a map of beaver county in its setting in western Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao the journeys of elder coltrin and other missionaries in this chapter can be traced on figures 9 10 and 12 elder coltrin cut his mission to pennsylvania short the next day and announced in his journal this morning I1 came to the conclusion that it was not my duty to prceedproceed sic any further to the easteasteeasto I1 have been afafflictedflictedlicked with a pain in my head every day sinsebinse sic we started he also recorded that they had taken every

abedee4 ebedeezebedee coltrin journal june 15 1832march1832 march 28 1833 MSS in LDS church historical department pep 30309 105 atlantleantle of me h ANCang irjbirj 0 j coopen&wn amestownAmesjamestownamea town 1 A K L A N C am N 8 3aaa R C AN A L & 0 0 0m A 1 I P L A N T E R R EE A N D y C 0 N E A 6 entlaul 1 8 witloutwithout

G ae 1 WD 0 1 0e I F SALEM c R EE K rksrk4 1 E V caeCRE C RE 6 K tics S U G A RC 3 zopuliq REEK CA ngoe CT olloil011 sliesite hadley juonanon V a C W E 5 T N TTER 0 QW r M IL L L ri A E M VE R N FRE P 9 EM FIELD N 1 CRE EK CREEK I R Y arks mills che toomi a R 41 1 PE R E K sinsen 0 creCAE ttolpstolp P ik r po I1 kak1 E N A N MATUNING 1 sandylreek R A N 8 ER R Y q kremis 11 1 rym um c ocraril I1 E L A FAIRVIEW I rry W RE K tmifer I1 LA E sjjnej0r0 cr teifer redonia sanoy da SANDY LAKE 0 pec a sitsstys I1 bitkit 11 MI nerauNERAL UT F E R 1 C LE JR 34.34 VICTORY X 34 r 0.0 no KLAND cl ut M A I1 N IC 0 L ra I1 W 0 T 0 f J E F F ER 0 N litertiter I1 N 0 sicknicklevilleNick leville A 5 H 1 Is shia ririlevilleleville I j CKSON RICHLAND I1 PL r 31 08u11100 C 0 liduldnid amirolamirotI1 charleston H I1 C K A Y eb 0 .17 4 1 1717 r r W esley CLINT N lainlarnm iceinelne arrell cre r ve n te to a 0 0 tl LACKA palludpaqlud LA- WOLFJCRE A L E I1 wheatland bannockwannock lat I IR W IN 6 AN N C K F I1 N DL E Y I1 0 ep Clintclintonvilleonville A U G A S 1 NX t 5 C oreenfieldOregreenfieldenfield ricerine 0 1 turke i 1 31 .4 1 it west I1 city1 11 4 P N e emlento richland t u I1 C I1 H 6 N A 0 n6na springfield grove city L 0 NI 0 fihsgiha iiiill 0.0 d3lurrintrillintrilluntrill orsu fox 0 0 a 1 o4su ciaireclaire 0tat 1 4 frisiriairla I M ra 0 N ALLEGHENY ann 110 t r1 A j 1I aj0j 110wilmWilm ngtmgt 4 V I1 merceriMEACERI ye 1 8 pulaski IW I1 L M I1 G T N 0 1 0 ilarrisville W t fir 1 1 P U L A K I1 olantblant I bren LIBERTY I F illlii parkeiiparkeri I1 indilindal nefrbedford washingtj1 rth ertyorty E R R Y wilmington I1 aa P ip L A 1 14 0 1a arge tinetino lestaunock falls al I1 1 0 adnisrille 0 marm I 11 villa mark 1 1 ma hiihilhll R 0vav E Brancbrancltlt n ock WASHINGT N P A R 9 R nickory1 peay H Y I & alif PERY f ERR owhiskervil IV M A H 0 N lit111 0 NE SHANNOCK slif P i& rockRUCK X shingtonoshing tono bruindruin m terraterrv harbor tbrabr k PERRY r C TT 6 0 7 ohmohp uriuwiumi allston c3ca shawkinshawkic PC UNION W NOwo 0 irvi 411116vivi W RTH ciaclaCIs I1 FA dililadillia411116 iaklaihaklai 0 miamin W 0avertsoverts grant city fir pr 14 8 R A D Y BRAD 1 a C AY city baad walwai r oningilmwn 0 1 afu 0 m RT N cnewanew C itoilieetoilie point b C0 CORD 0 4 BEND

17 t404 L WTV nvilleanville 6aaa 26 A laic IV 1 0 U I acors KLI it chlcors RY m U D F C 1 SHE NANdo I1 kippeUIPPE lbI vr shenandoh 1 beavenBEAVER shenando forterevilleForteporte reville 4 SU RCREEK Pittapittsburgpittaburgburg jo 19norgy I1 44. orth oakiaoakla normor 41 0 t newport U R DONEGAL R E i A C 9 1 prospectjprospects 1 C IE 14 T 9 R OAKLAN 10 st joejob jatatjabat an I1 cheatonchewton faf6 I1 0 0 4 LITTLE BEAVER 1 PER R af9f smpum W A Y N it I1 P oga 810 0011 aniwni estowuestoqu tt 4 OU LES evaova W E BEAVER 1aa10 tityilyll 0 ler blaver mbors I1 I1 ebors LANCAS ER 9811pia58119811 pia a CONNOQUEN iiaita r J sew Y U M m I1 T fripearipe N see 01 to 8 0 gijogiso LIE emirs 1 uieuteARFIELD 0 gall e I1 I & 1 vill ew 13 1 Xoppe FRANKLIN 1 G cr darlington 1 BEAVER erman F R N uinLIN i FI I1 linued10quen inf L W IE if darli aitonaltonniton 1 I beltonberton I1 j ad 7 al C hump&tk 41 an iton F C f W winfield an NORTH 4 H BUFFAL btl ls kteyte IFFERSON 0n EWICKLZ ile marwood A RION NN narwood to P E Z 1 WINFIELD PAEOVA I W F U T N cm L batotcatot 60 E JACKSON FO 1 D 991 11 rwrb 0 T 0 U TY saxonbergsaxonburgSaxonburg avillmvill 9 A V faf4 rattemnti eigelgb t 0 wattersgatters I1 9 hI1 lonvillblonvill aS S U T itpal valisralls iron 0 esleelefefrallsralis cailcallcain sarver rl fillfili I1 fallstfalast usuLSK 1 U A L I 1 FALO 8 FF 0 dawon NEW cranaCRAND ERRY A ft I BUF 0 1 CL NTO bridgewabridgemaBridgewa 1abjetef nee cm n o t E dee606 r cooptretown 7 0 9fligh TON 17 SEWICKLEY MIDDLESEX boroug riders d marsmors v011firt rd merrill leijolzijo C rtiersstiers v00 C away IOUSTRYI to bakerst6wn gilp i 0 F A W of 11 1 aim410him Babakernstkernst wn F 000.0oo WEST DEEOJ 4 a0aa widmid I1 N mj it N uld POT N T R I MARSHALLI P 9 RI HLANOI land C- I arntcentcrnt 1 0 a t 1 artis natrona ats P 0 ord I rtis hts orseorge west ailali1611Ali irliiril1611 is 11 80d 1 0 finetime 11rellfardwoods villevilloviilo 4 U wo shippingptShipping 4 pt IO Wexford V loubaloubb ulf 1 gmal rus ton I aid gookstow1111 RACCOON Z 10 alo ALLEGHENY FRANKLI lk I1 HOPEWELL p1pa 0 R F C N 1eae I1 of 114 rural I1 1kisho ridgbridg geast 111111111 AMP N n IIAST bowLOWlow111111111 0

figure 9 mercermercersmercery Venanvenangovenangopgosgop lavrencelawrencelawrencep butlerbutier and beaver counties standard reference madmaemanmap bff pennipenn vanivaniavanlaa chicago rand mcnalley and ComcompanyDanynany 1972 e 106 opportunity to preach and bear their testimony they had bobbomborn their witness regarding the restoration of the

fullness of the gospelgospels 9 the book of mormon and the judgejudgementsments that would be poured out upon the impen- itent 11 they reasoned the judgejudgementsments had already begun the people had admitted that the doctrines were reasonable but they found in most a great prejudice against the book of mormonmormons although it was lessening while in pittsburgh several of their greatest champions with their learning & sophistry pretending they were concerned for us tried to confound the iders but failed misermiserblymiserablybly sic elder coltrin wrote the religionists accused the mormons of denying the bible and substituting the book of mormon which they of course contradictcontradictedede ff some of the elders antagonists finally agreed with them loinin every statement relative to the principles of the

11 gospel 0 9 while others claimed it was all of the devil one ezekiel harlan showed real interest and was almost convinced but he needed more time to think about what he had heard 5 elder coltrin parted with brother jesse and stayed at Canonscanonsburgburg for two or three days he then passed through youngstown ohio on his way to hiram

5ibidebid p appp 333533350333553333533 35o35 107 6 where he arrived august 23s23 1832 no record has yet been found detailing the rest of jesse gausegauses missionmissione the pain in elder coltrinscoiColtris head must have gone away because he was busy teaching the gospel in ohio after he returned he recorded the names of about sixty people whom he baptized from october of that year until january of the next in northeast ohio 7

AMASA MASON lylyanLYMAN AND zerubbabelZERUB BABEL SNOW

amasa lyman was baptized by elder lyman johnson

in lyman new hampshirehampshirevon sonvongonon april 27 18321832v v he was rejected by his family because of his newfoundnew found religion therefore he traveled to john johnsons home in hiram ohio arriving in mid junejunes 183218320 in last augustaugusts 183218322 he was called on a mission by the prophet after a prayer meeting he left with zerubbabelZerubbabel snow on august 25 l832ffor1832pfor southern ohio in ohio and Kentuckkentuckyys they held a meeting each daydays spoke in tongues and prophesiedprophecied they traveled across western virginia pennsylvania and into new york where they baptized in lake erie many people came forward to be baptized in factfacts one day fifteen individuals received the gospelgospels their exact course and success in pennsylvania is yet unknown but they did cross the state at that early date that might

bibid6ibidbid appp 353635 36 7ibidepbid ppe 5ffaffo5ffo 108 explain the scattered members of the church that later missionariesI1 I1 I1 found as they traveled in the statestates after

I1 eleven months of journeyingjourneyings 9 the brethren returned to kirtland 8

CARVEL RIGDON AND SAMUEL james1835JAMES 1835

at least two pennsylvania citizens from the pittsburgh area had received the gospel by the dawning of 18351835& on january 23 of that yeayearrt carvel rigdon wrote to the messenamessengerr and advocate at kikirtlandI1 rtlandartland from allegheny county pennsylvania 9 the residence of brother rigdon in his letter he complained of considerable opposition to the work of brother samuel james and himself in the area they had succeeded in getting a meeting appolampolappointedntedanted and raised considerable discusdiscussionsionasioneslona in spite of the oppositiopposition 29 brother rigdon felt they would be able to build up a church in this place shortshortlylys and that of the more respectable and intelli- gent part of the inhabitantinhabitantsinhabitantsese ll11 he also announced that brother james was going to leave in about three weeks

Q aalbert8albertalbert reR lymanlymansclymans amasa mason lyman trailblazer and pioneer from the atlantic to the pacific deitadeltadeltas utah melvin A lyman MD t 1957 ppappe 143014 30 lyman names the state of west virginia as one crossed by elder lyman Hohoweverwevers west virginia did not become a separate state until the civil war in 1863 virginia had become a southern state while the people in the northwest part of the state aligned themselves with the north 109 on a missionary tour in virginia and intended to visit Q greenfield nelson county virginiaVirginiat again 9 Subsequentsubsequentlylyp in kirtland on january 29 183618369 it was approved that samuel james should be ordained an elder by joseph smith later that month elder james was appointed to the kirtland high council 10 he also returned to pennsylvania and virginia for other missionary venventuresturessturese carvelcarve rigdon was the oldest brother of sidney rigdon the prophets scribescribesscribee brother carvel had married6 and settled on a farm near pittsburgh thus following in his fathers footsteps 1113

ORSON PRATT

orson pratt labored as a missionary in beaver county for about three weeks during the fall of 1835 earlier that year he had been named as one of the twelve apostlesapostleseieseleso he was accompanied by william pratt as he spent several days preaching in Huntshuntsburghuntsburyburg ohio about october 21 after traveling for three daysdayss they arrived

9 journal history january 28028 1835 latterlatterdayday saints messenger and advocate kirtland obiolohiolohio iqI1 ppe 7676p cited by andrew jenson compcompecompo t pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentv 183518350 10 HC II11 ppspppP 354 3663660 11 feF mark klebanKiemanmckiemanmckiermanmckiernanpMc the voice of one crying in the wilderness sidney riadonrigdon religious reformer l73173 1876 lawrence kansaskansasskannass coronadocoronado pressress 1971t1971 p 13139 110 in freedom beaver county Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias william soon returned to kirtland but orson remained in the area holding sixteen meetings in the county he preached twice in fallstonFallfallstoneston three times in beaver four times in bridgewater and seven times in freedom all four villages were in beaver county within ten miles of each 12 other see figure 99. he found many who were interested in learning and many who opposed him among the opposition were two methodist ministers one of their class leaders and a former baptist minister by the name of doc winterswinterlewinterseWinterse they failed to detract from the work but stirred up the curiosity of the people instead elder pratt summarized the effect of their activities as follows thus truth loses nothing by oppositionoppositions for notwithstanding the tongue of the slanderer is loosed falsehoods circulated to the four winds the cry of blasphemy heard among all the sectsisectsosecuso yet truth remains truth stillstills though the prince of darkness may rage V his subjects use all their crafty inventioninventionsss yet all their efforts will be vainsvainvaln for truth is from heaven its glory is unsullied its lights eternal and will shine though all their engines of wickedness may be put in operations against it its light cannot be quenched its progress cannot be stayed while it is apparently smothered in one placeplaces it will shine forth with increased brilliancy in another 13

12 jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 1835 orson pratt diary february 6sas6 1835november1835 november 6v6av 1835 missMSSPISS in LDS church historical department 13latterlatterdayday saints messenger and advocate kirtlandki rtlandartland ohioohioj9 ilsIIIIP11 ppe 223 cited by jenson pennsylpennsyl-Pennsyisyl vania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 183518350 ill when he returned to kirtlandxirtland on november 16p16 he reported that there had been three baptized in freedom

one of the threethrees 9 a former campbellite preacher by the name of sampson avard had been ordained an elder by pratt he also reported parting with two copies of the book of mormon four books of revelations and had obtained fourteen subscribers for the messenger and advocate newspaper 14

LORENZO barnes1836BARNES 1836

lorenzo babesbamesbarnes left april 14 9 1836pon1836 on a mission to the south and easteasteeasto after preachingpreachina in youngstown and middletown ohio he arrived in brigdewaterBrigbrigdewaterpdewater pennsyl- vaniaatvaniavanlavania at elder avardsawards on may 13 there he found the two brethren and one sister that elder pratt had baptized the previous fall he held two meetings each in bridgewater and freedom elder bamesbarnes noted in his journal that the members appeared firm in the faith and thatthats there are others also believingbelievingell ellwll on may lapl9p19 he held a meeting north of pittsburgh and on the foll- lowiowingI1 ng day arrived at the home of brother jamesjamessjamesp fifteen milesmiiesles south of the city from tuesdaytuesdays may 24 until

14 orson pratt diary P latterlatterdayday saints messenger and Advocatadvocateadvocatesep iipbipII11 pop 223 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 183518350 112 monday june 13s13 he labored in westmoreland county and held meetings in bustardsbussardsBuss ards town youngs towntowns Greensgreensburghgreensburghtburgh adams burghburghs 11 and grapevillegranevillegrapevilleeGrapGrapeevillevillee ft there are towns of the same or similar names in the western portion of modern westmoreland county there were thirteen meetings in all and elder babesbamesbarnes commented that they were full meetings and the people listened attentively to the words of eternal life1lifee 15 from westmoreland county elder bamesbarnes turned south toward virginia enrouteenroutexEn route however he labored for one week in fayette county pennsylvania he preached in connoldsvilleconnoldsvillep uniontownUniontown and mcclellinsimcclellinsMcClellins town and then crossed over into virginia one or two days into the state he preached where elder Sso james & phineas sic heH young had held a number of meetings better than a year before a ll11 the work progressed so well in harrison county Virginivirginiaap that elder babesbamesbarnes traveled eighty miles down the monongahela river into pennsylvania and called brother samuel james to join the labor

6 in western vergineavergineyVerginea sic 0 eturningreturningReturning they held some meetings in mason towntowns ll11 fayette county before entering virginivirginiaae 16

15 lorenzo barnes journal june lo101 1835february1835 february 292 1839 MSS in LDS church historical departmentDepartdepartmentsdepartmentomentsmento 16 ibid 113 about the middle of november elder james reappeared at his fathers home in washington county pennsylvania when elder babesbamesbarnes felt it was time to return to kirtland it was mid december 1836 in Kirtkirtlandkirtlandtkortlandtlandt brother james had preceded elder babesbamesbarnes by a few days elder bamesbarnes reported that elder james was ordained an elder and returned strong in the faith and rejoicing to verginia sic in june of 183718379 elder babesbamesbarnes made another trip to his old missionfieldmission field in virginia even though he passed through the same comercorner of pennsylvania he barely mentioned it in his journal 17 in may of 1838 he left for missouri 0a

ERASTUS snow1836SNOW 1836

erastus snow began his influence in western pennsylvania before his eighteenth birthday and in his next few years brought many souls to believe and obey the gospel he was born november 9 1818 in vermont

17 lorenzo bamesbarnes Journjournalalsaisalp june lo101 1835 february 2 1839 MSS in LDS church historical department this source puts the date of samuel jamesjamestjamess ordination in december 1836 or january 183718370 however elder babesbamesbarnes referred to elder james prior to his return to Kirtkirtlandlandaiandalando joseph smith recorded that the high council appointed him to ordain samuel james an elder on january 2 18183636 HC v II11 p 354 on january 1313p 1836 elder james was appointed to the high council in kirtland haphcpHC II11 p9pap 366o3660366 Thereforthereforeep the ordination to which elder babesbamesbarnes referred must have been some other ordination or blessing if it in fact occurred at that time 114 to levi and lucinda snow he was moved by the testimonies of orson pratt and lyman E johnson in the summer of 1832 and desired to be baptized permission to obey the gospel was finally granted by his father through the intercession of his mother and he was baptized by his older brotherbrothers williamwilliams on february 3v3av 1833 from his early youth erastus had studied the bible beginning with the life and teachings of christ and subsequently became thoroughly acquainted with the jewish scriptures and prophecies ll11 after accepting the gospel he was soon ordained a teacher and then a priest in augustaugusts 1835 luke johnsonjohnsontjohnsons one of the twelve apostles ordained erastus an elder after he heard the testimonies of elder pratt and johnson the teenagerteenagers erastus began to preach and baptize in the towns in his areaareas while helping his father on the farmfarms he would carry a pocket bible with him to his workworke he calledorecalledrecalledore when my team was resting I1 was reading and father sometimes thought my team owed a debt of gratitude to my biblebibie ll11 levi snow finally granted his sons desires and allowed him to follow a calling in the ministry erastus left on the journey to kirtland one day before his seventeenth birthday with fifteen dollars in his pocket that was the only pecuniary legacy his father had ever been 115 able to give him at kirtland he participated in many great thingsthingsp including the temple dedication 18i ft on april 16 1836 elder erastus snow left kirtland on a mission to the east traveling alonealones his journey brought him into eight counties in pennsyl vaniavanlavanias crawford venango mercer butlerbutierbutlers beaver Armstronarmstrongarmstrongsgv indiana and lawrence see figures 9 and lo1010. even though he was young he had been trained in the school of the elders had been washed and annointed in the kirtland temple and had received many other spiritual gifts and manifestations there when he returned to kirtland eight and a half months later he reportreportededsedp 1 I have traveled about 1600 miles back and forthforthy preached 220 sermons obtained 20 subscribers for your interesting paper and baptized 50 persons t he organized three branches in the western part of the state and had many more calls for preaching than he could fill 19

i ft 18 erastus snowsnows an autobiography dictated to his son franklin reR snow in the year 1875 MSS in LDS church historical department erastus snow journaljournals 1818 december 1837 typescript copy in LDS church historical department HCsHC ills1119lililiIII111 ppe 55 19latterlatterdayday saintssaintst messenger and advocate kirtianKirtlankikirtlandprtlandartlanddp ohionohiojohiojv 1113liiIII111 pep 440 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfieldsfieldg 1836 erastuserastus snow journal 181818371818 1837 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentp typescript ppe 82582598 25259 notes were taken from the typescript copy with checks made on the original journals occasionally and in case of questiquestionsonse the journals were apparently written periodically rather sike j iliasile P R R V a ij it chicora pa 1 6 G A K ay 01 U LI C R I I1 3 LL 4y 0 F C jpoteiup0 N clialj vi a ab4b VTMW 7 clj 0 north oaklaoakia SU EK an orna 4 U 0 PC 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figure 10 butlerbutierbutlers armstrong and indiana counties 0 standard reference madmap of Pennsylvanpennsylvaniapennsylvanlaolaeiaolao 117 elder snow spent one or two weeks laboring in madison and sheffield ohiobeforeohio before entering the state of pennsylvania at crawford county after receiving a neaativenegative reaction at meadville and franklinfrankiinfrankilnfranklins pennsylvania he journeyed fifteen miles south to irwin township in the southwest corner of venango county there he found listening ears stayed four days 9 returned often and eventually baptized seventeen people for two months may and junejunes he labored in the area near the corner of Venvenangoangosangog butler and mercer counties preaching almost every day in butler county he preached at harrisville in mercer township slippery rock townshipTownshipsshipp unionvilleUni onville and muddy creek in center townshiptownships m centervilleCenterville and wolfcreekwolfcreek township in mercer county and scrubgrass township in venango county also received his labors hoveHowehoweverversverp he often wrote that he returned to be among my ethemethernbrethembretherdbrethernbr on the donation in irwin township 20 journeying south erastus baptized brother and sister edwards in unionvilleUnionville he held some meetings in and around Butlebutlerbutierrikrip the county seat before turning eastward to tanningkittanningKitkittanningv armstrong county in Kitkittanningkittanhingttanning than daily an ordination or a baptism appeared to have been the motivation on some occasions to bring his journal up to date 0 20 erastus snow journal typescripttypescripts ppsppe 81181108 lis11 118 erastus had ffrequentfrequentrequent combats with the lawyers and priests whose cunning had stirred11stirred the people up to anger against the truthtruthstruthe southeast of the county seatseats howeverhovehoweversverp he found some believing people who wished to leableamlearn the preaching for the last week in july and the month of august was mostly done from the southeast corner of Kittkittaningkitteninganing township through the area southeast to PlumbplumbcreekcreeK township on the edge of indiana county but still in armstrong county see figure loo100loio1010. A widow near middletown named martha sloan and seven others were

baptized on sunday 9 august 14914 1836018 3& in Whiteswhitesburghburgh in Plumplumcreekcreek townshiptownshipttownships others followed and by the end of august there were eleven members confirmed in Whiteswhitesburghburgh and five others in the cornerofcornecomerrofof tanningkittanningKit township one

in the latter place 9 who had been baptized had acostaaposta 21 sized and consequently was not confirmed in the middle of his success in that part of the councountrytryp elder snow had a narronarroww escape from bodily injury at the hands of a mob on august 22v22 1836 he was confrontedconfrontedfonted by a mob of about thirty men who had sworn to drive him from the county when elder snow confounded their reasoning and appealed for justice at the hands of civil lavlawlavtlawt the mob expressed their intent to follow lynchitlynch law they shook him and insulted him for an

21 ibidibidep ppappe 111511 15 0 119 hour when he was rescued ffromrom their midst then he went in totopreachpreach even though he had been threatened not to preach with a whipping tarring and feathering or death as the penalpenaltytyetyo of that sermonsermons elder snow expressed by preaching I1 gained more riendsfiendsfriendsf though the mob came not nearnearsneara 0 they were waiting with tar and feathers however for the cover of darkness so erastus got a horse ffromrom one of his ffriends and made good his escape to Whiteswhitesburghwhitesburghoburgh then afafterter baptizing fivelvefive more and confirming all sixteen who were still faithful in the areaareas he returned to his brethren on the donation 2299 in irwin townshiptownshipsTownshipsshipe

elder snow next undertook a rather unsuccessful 9 three week missionary trip east across the northern end of butler and armstrong counties A typical journal comment about his experiences in that area was that he gave solemn warning and bid them adieu but none would obey the truthtruthstruthe returning to irvinirwin he baptized one more and ordained a teacher to watch over that branch one member had apostasized in his absenceabsences he commented that he taught them the word of wisdom which they promised to obeyobeys when he revisited Plumbplumbcreekplumbcreokcreek township after being gone a monthmonchmonths he found one old

11 lady who was somewhat disaffected 9 but she received

22ibidopibid appp 131513 15 120 strength byaisbyhisby his visit there he preached among the brethren on the subject catherinGagatheringatheringtherin4 of the saints to zionog23zion 23 saturday october 1 found elder erastus snow twenty miles southeast of whitesburghWhites burgh in indiana indiana countypreachingcounty preaching in the cocourturt househouses monday he preached for two hours on the subject coming and reign of christ upon the earthearthe wednesdaywednesdays a large concourse of people heardheards evidence of the book of mormonmormonsmormone after six daysdayspdayap five meetings and considerable other visiting in that city and vicinity elder snow went south into brushvalleyBrushvalley township where he spent most of the next two months see figure losloeiolo1010. during that time there were numerous meetings held in Mechanicsmechanicsburgmechanicsburgsburgburgs Strongsstrongstownstrongstownstowntowns brushvalleyBrushvalley and elsewhere in the township in addition to four or five short trips to neighboring townships one young man became elder snows first baptism in the area within two weeks ffromrom the time he arrived subsequently thirteen more followed his example in embracing the gospelgospele on the ninth and twentyfourthtwenty fourth of november all those who had been baptized were confirmed except oneonesoneg Brushbrushvalleysbrushvalley11valleyss blacksmithblacksmiths stephen adams he had become disaffected after perusing6 the revelations to latterlatterdayday saints 9924

2390 OA ibid ppeppa 161816 18s18 24ibidepibid ppe 18221822918 22922 121 one of the couples who were among the number to be baptizedwerebaptized were jacob and sarah strongstrongestrongo they lived near the little town of brushvalleyBrushvalley which was then called Mechanicsmechanicsburgburg because so many skilled laborers lived there the story was told that jacobsjacobss nephew dan

strongstrongsstrongo and dans friendfriends 9 sam Bennetbennettbennettstp went to a revival many years after 1836 where the two young men leading the meeting were accused of being moMorcormonsmormonsmons they firmly denied the chargechargee after the meetinmeetinggp dan and sam sat talking about the meemeetingtinge dan turned to his friend and said they nothing but Morcormonsmormonistmormonstmormonsmonstmons sammysammys just like uncle jake strong and the mckeaguesmckeaguelsoMcKe agues ll11 the waythevayway the story was passed down and the fact that uncle jake was disowned by his family suggest something of the feelings of those who did not accept the gospel 0 one of jajacobscobs utah descendants elmer strong related that while erastus snow was on his mission he used to get very homesick and so when he got some time offofft he would go to jacob strongs house 25 while elder snow was baptizing one of the women in Strongsstrongstownstrongstownptown the following event occurredoccurreds at the time of the administration of the ordinance the lord suffered a false spirit to be made manifest in a woman whom I1 baptized but

25statement by francis strong helmanheimanhelmansheimans granddaughter of dan strong in a personal interview indiindiana0 anatanas pennsylvania august losios10 1974 additional family information on the strongs ffromrom harriet strong spiers and laprele strong bunker of salt lake city july 197419749 122 this the lolord10rd suffered so that ththeyey might be in- structedstructed into the operations of the spirits 9 for they had previously been in the habit of receiving all manner of spirits and worshipping them as god the way that this was manifested was in a manner that caused her to holowbolow sicjassic as she came out of the vaterwaterwaterf and it straightened her limbs and joints and stiffened them and thrashed her about against the people until I1 according to the commandments of the lord 9 proclaimed against it that it was not of god when it departed leaving astonishment upon some of the bystanders who had supposed to be of god26 it it was also while he was in mechanicsburghmechanicsburgh that elder snow noted the physical strain of missionary vorkworkworkeworko he said at this time I1 was fatigued and having a cold and preaching so much I1 was also very hoarse for my discourses were generally between two and three hours in length the country was very rough also and the roads were not much better than cowpathcowpathscowpathspcowpathssp being little worked stoney and new but some of the people werewe re as rough as the country in the midst of these circumstances the lordlford was my friend comforting and strengthening me27me027 before leaving the area elder snow ordained brother john feF wakefield a teacher to watch over the church in Strongsstrongstowntown and brushvalleyBrushvalley or Mechanicsmechanicsburgmechanicsburgeburgburge he also ordained brother alexander nelson a priest to care for the church in Plumplumcreekcreek township in armstrong county 28artarr

26erastus snow journaljournals typescript ppo 21 27ibidesabidesibid ppe 20 281bides281ibidbides ppe 21222122021 22022 123

on november 2424924.99 1836 after an absence of over seven months 9 erastus snow determined to return to kirtland on his way he stopped to strengthen the members in each of the branches he had organized after returning to his brethren on the donation in irvinirwin township he received a letter from the church in beaver county he responded to their request by traveling about forty miles southwest to bridgewater there he found a branch of the church with thirteen members and elder sampson avard presiding for two and a half weeksweeksp elder snow labored in beaver county preaching in bridgewater brighton freedom sharon and Philipsphilipsburghphilipsburgheburghburghe see figure 9e9ae9. there were apparently many interested listeners but none who requested baptismbaptisms once in t brighton 9 he preached for three and a half hours mostly upon the evidence of the book of mormonmormonelf elf when he offered a subsequent appointment a mrmrsmre robertson stood and offered tar and feathers if he should return elder snow asked the large congregation if that was their feeling when the group heavily protested against mrmrsmre robertson the rejected presbyterian left the meetingmeetings on saturday and sunday december 24 and 25 elders snow and avard convened a conference in bridgewater they had been joined for that purpose by elder samuel james who was then on his way to kirtland following the conference elder snow joined elder james and returned to 124 kirtland by way of lawrence county and the village of sharon mercer county pennsylvania they then crossed over to warren ohio and arrived in kirtland on thursday december 29 18360 29

ERASTUS snowjanuarySNOW JANUARY 1837

in late january of 1837 elder erastus snow left kirtland for his second missionary trip into pennsylvaniapennsylvaniaepennsylvanian he was accompanied by elder william bosley on this brief journey william bosley had been ordained an elder on may 7 183183590andand had received a blessing for working on the temple 30 they first visited the branch in andover ohio on the border of pennsylvania and ordained an elder there then they journeyed to the branch that elder snow had built up in irwin township venango county pennsylvania they preached several times left them severalseveratcopiescopiescoples of the book ofofmormonpmormon the book of covenants and some hymn books and returned to school in kirtland 31

FRANCIS GLADDEN bishop1837BISHOP 1837

elder francis gladden bishop left kirtland in april 1837 on a mission to pennsylvania virginia and

9qaq 0 29 30hcoHC 2070 ibidesabidesibid ppe 232523250232252322023 25o25 V 1 II11011 ppe 205 207 31 erastus snow Journjournaljournalsjournalpaisalpaig typescript p9ppa 26260 125 maryland he reported to church headquarters under the date of june 4490 1837 from uniontownUniontown fayette county pennsylvania 9 that he had labored in beaver alleghanyalleghenyAlleghany and fayette counties and baptized eight persons it was during the ten days in beaver county that the eight came forwardforwards regregardingarding their reception in pittsburgh elder bishop commented that he felt indebted to rev soS aoA davis for the use of his church there and for a letter of introduction to a minister friend of his in baltimore maryland A visit to baltimore was part of elder bishops planpianplaneplanapiana he then joined forces with elder samuel james to extend his mission into virginia and maryland 32 elder bishop told of his progress later that year at a conference in western virginiaVirginiao on friday august 18p18 he reported that he had baptized eight new members in the town of beaverbeavers beaver county it was a small branch of twenty members with an elder presiding at the same conferenceconferences elder samuel james stated that there were five members in washington county pennsylvania and elder lorenzo doD babesbamesbarnes reported that he had found three members in allegheny town in the same state33state 33

32 journal historyhistoryv june 4 9 1837 jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saintsaintmissionaryfieldomissionary fields 0ll11 183718370 jensons manuscript gave the date for elder bishopsBishopts departure from kirtland as april 1836 and refers t6ta the journal history referenced howeverHoveverswevers the journal history said he left the previous april which wavaswass therefore 183718370 33journal33journal history august 18v18 183718379 cited by 126

ERASTUS SNOWMAYSNOW MAY TO decembersDECEMBERDECEMBERV 1837

elder erastus snow began may 29p29 1837 on his third mission to pennsylvania by laboring in madison andover and wi1liamsfieldswilliamsfieldWilliams field ohio while in ohio he held many meetings including two debates of three hours each and baptized five people elder william bosley accompanied elder snow into pennsylvania about the first of june 1837 as he had on their journey earlier in that year during the next six months they labored in seven pennsylvania counties baptizing sixty souls and in one maryland county where they baptized seven people 34 elders snow and bosley arrived in irwin township venango county about the first of june there they held several meetings and baptized one personpersone they also held meetings in harrisville and near unionvilleUnionville in butler qc county 35 even a local history noted the activities of elder snow it indicated that a mormon preacher named snow came to irwin township in 183718379 11 it also named henry stevenson and several daughters and a man by the name of david mckee who were baptized and taken to salt

jenson so pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1837 34erastus snow journaljournals typescript ppeppa 263526 35 jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1837 35 erastus snow journal typescript ppsppe 27p27 28028 127 Q lake city by elder snow 36 two sons of david mckee of

butler county pennsylvania 9 james and william mckee 37 were listed as pioneers of 1850 and 1852 respectively from unionvilleUniunionvilleponville elder bosleybosieybos ley continued to the Plumplumcreekcreek township branch while elder snow took a week long trip to beaver county elder snow held several

meetings in bridgewater fallstonFallfallstoneston and brighton 9 where he baptized oneonesonee when elder snow arrived in Plumplumcreekcreek he found that his companion had preached several times baptized one and left for indiana county therefore he tarried with them over the sabbath and traveled to Strongsstrongstownstrongstownstowntowns indiana county on monday in Strongsstrongstowntown he found elder bosleybosieybos ley and remained with him preaching there and in Brushbrushvalleyvalley for a veekweekweeksweeko during that time they baptize&fourteenbaptized fourteen people and held a council where they ordained john feF wakefield an elder and william peP mcintire a priestpriestsprieste after preaching at brother barbers home on conemaugh creekcreeks the boundary of westmoreland county elder snow returned to brushvalleyBrushbrushvalleyovalleyvailey on the sabbath he preached at Strongsstrongstowntown and brushvalleypbrushvalley9 in

36 william james mcknight edepmdepMD A pioneerpi r outline 0 history1 gtoryofof northwestern pennsylvania 178018501780 1850 philadelphia Jje beB lippincott company 1905 p 6366369 37frank esshom pioneers and prominent men of utah salt lake city utah pioneers book publishing company 1913v1913 p 1060logos 128 a grove where the woods were lined with people 9 so great was the multitude the next day he baptized two more peoplepeopletpeoples 9 one of whom was a woman weighing between four QO and five hundred 38 since elder wakefield joined elder bosleybosieybos ley on his mission elder snow wrote to the quorum of high priests and requested them to send someone to choverwatchoverwatvatchwatch over the branch in indiana county they responded by sending elder A brown to care for the eighty to ninety members theretheres 39 on mondaymondays july 3 elder snow started for the southern part of the state and preached that night at brother barbersbarberlso again on the canalecanal on the fourthfourths he noted the celebration as he passed through johnstown in cambria countescountycountys then he crossed a corner of somerset county into bedford county when he could not get a meeting in bedfordBedfordtfordy9 the county seat nor a building for a meeting in mcconnellmcconnelsMcConnels towntowns 11 he gave out an appointment for the woods at the appointed hour the woods were filled and he preached the things of the kingdom of heaven and warned the people to repentrepents during the next three weeks elder snow found a small branch that had been built up by another elder and baptized two

aq3q 38 erastus snow Jourjournaljournaltjournaultnaltnaisnaig typescript ppe 28e28 39 A short abridgement of erastus snow journal MSS in LDS church historical department signed by brastuserastusarastus snow and bishop keK whitney at kirtland june 22 183818380 129 people there he preached in andrearandnearand near st thomas

Villavillagegesgep9 at Greengreencastlegreencastlescastlecastiecastlescasties london villagevillaget 9 and bridgeport or hoovers millmills all in franklin county in the latter place he preached nine times 9 baptized eight people 40 and healed some who were sicksicke elder snow next spent two weeks in washington county marylandandmaryianmarylandpandMarylanMarylandsanddandpand preached fifteen times including three sermons in greencastleGreengreencastlescastlecastiecastlescastiescastley Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao A week back in bridgeport and cannellsconnellsmcconnellsMcConmc Connellsneilsnelis cove area saw much opposition and prejudice develop after one meeting which had been disturbed by a company of men and boys elder snow was

smearedbesmearerbesmearedbe 0 & 0 with rotten eggs after one more meeting among the brethren and another public meeting elder snow returned to leitersburghleitersburght maryland he labored in that area most of the time fforor the next month and a halfhaift until october 16 1837 the exceptions to that included six sermons in waynesburghWaynesburgh pennsylvania he found a man and his wife who were members of the church on south mountain seven miles from waynesburghWayneswaynesburgheburghburghe they also returned to bridgeport two or three times healing two women of fever and ague on one of the

40 erastus snow Journjournalaisalpaig typescript ppe 28302830928 30309 mcconnellsburgMcConnellsburg was found on a current map in the right place for mcconnellmcconnelsMcConnels town and ten miles south was a cove gap and a cove mountain mcconnellsburgMcConnellsburg later became the county seat for fulton county which county had not yet been organized in 1837 just across north mountain from cove gap was ft loudon and saint thomasthomase 130

trips 0 on one occasion in maryland elder snow had a debate with a mrmrs bellbeilbelibeilsbello a campbellite preacher ffromrom 2 pmpame untiluntilmidnightmidnight elders snow and john feF wakefield confirmed seven members on september 29029 1837 and ordained brother george crouse an eldereiderelderseiderseldero that was the first branch known to have been organized in marylandMarylande two weeks later nine people were added to the church making a total of eleven eresumapresumapresumablybly in the area of waynesburghwaynesburghoWaynesburgh elder snow commented that he had taught them the word of wisdomwisdoms and they kept itits 1141614141 on monday october lapl6p16 elder snow with his face toward kirtland left to join elders bosley and wakefield who were laboring in bedford county in bridgeport he baptized two more people one of whom was mrs abraham hoover the woman who had been healed about two weeks earearlierliero the total membership was then tentenstene elder snow found elder bosley at Shellsshellsburghburgh bedford county near where elder bosley had baptized four the two elders returned to clear ridge where elevenhadeleven had accepted the gospel and there they baptized four moremoreo elder wakefield joined his companions for a council on clear ridge and

41ibid ppsppe 30323032030 32o32 waynesboro pennsylvania is about three miles north of maryland and five miles north of leitersburgh and is likely the town referred to as waynesburghwaynesburghsWaynesburghburghsburghe 131 ordained brother henry mower an elder thus setting a branch in order 42 As elder snow returned to kirtland he stopped at brushvalleyBrushvalley he found that elder AsA brown had been

there 9 and elder Jjaj6 rose had just arrived from Kirtkirtlandlandelandaianda elder snow spent two and a half weeks in that area and preached about twelve times during that timetimes he took brother terriet about twenty miles north and preached twice in susquehanna settlementsettlements montgomery township on wednesdaywednesdays november 2222p elder snow started on the canal for kirtlandKirt landslande he unexpectedly met elder benjamin winchester in pittsburgh and continued with him to beaver county there they met with the brethren and with those not of the church elder winchester baptized one in the river at Phillipsphillipsburghphillipsburghoburgh elder snow left elder winchester at unity ohio and traveled north 43 to Kirtkirtlandlandslando arriving by december 5 183718370 elder benjamin winchester had been in attendance at a conference in west townshiptownships columbiana county ohiohlchicohic00oo on october 8 18183737 there he had reported his labors in pennsylvania new jerseyjerseys delaware and marylandMary landelandaianda he reported that he had baptized twelve and passed through beaver city where there was a branch of

42 ibid ppsppe 32 33s33 Shellsshellsburghburgh is spelled ellsburgschellsburgSch on todays mapmapsmape 43ibid ppe 33353335933 35935 132 fifteen members he had been laboring in the east with elder jedediah Mme grant elders samuel james and lorenzo barnes attended the same conference and reported their virginia laborslaborselaboose even though no mention was written about the involvement of the latter two mi- sionssionariesaries in pennsylvania part of that story has been told herein and was probably discussed there alsoaiso 44

ERASTUS snow1838SNOW 1838

erastus snow left kirtland on january 292 1838 to return to the churches in maryland ohio and pennsylvania to strengthen them and to supply them with church books traveling alone or with elders samuel jamesjamestjamess benjamin winchesterWinchestersterp AsA brown or john feF wakefieldWake fieldsfieldg he also labored along the way in many new places 45 elder snow left kirtland with a trunk of books to sell for elder robinson he labored in ohio for justust over two weeks preaching and assisting in two conferences during this timetimestimea he worked with elders

44 journal history october 8 1837 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 183718370 jenson erroneously attributed the report to elder grant who apparently was not at the conference but still in the east see also jedediah Mme grants journaljournals 1836 and the next chapter in the present workvorkeworke 45 A short abridgement of erastus snowssnowlso 133 james stoddard and winchesterwinchesterrWinchesterrchesters the latter for eleven 46 daysdayse elders snow and winchester entered beaver county pennsylvaniapennsylvaniaponsonpongonon fridayfridays january 18 and labored for a week in the county they parted on wednesday but met again in allegheny county with elder samuel james on tuesday january 30 elder winchester started southeast again while elder snow assisted elder james for a week then elder snow spent tvotwo weeks laboring across west- motmoxmorelandeland county 9 holding seven meetings and encountering considerable prejudiceprejudices after crossing somerset county he arrived among the brethren in sheilsShellsshellsburghshellsburghpburgh bedford county on sunday he met elder brown in clearridgeClearridge bedford county and tarried with him for a week there they baptized an eightyfiveeighty five year old man through an eighteenincheighteen inch hole in the iceiceeiceo during that time elder wakefield came from huntingdon county where he had been preachpreachingingsinge the three elders conducted a meeting in which the gift of tongues and interpretation was clearly manifested and the spirits of the saints was sic refrerefreshedshede elder snow next carried his journey to the county seat of franklin county Chamberschambersburghchambersburgheburghburgheburgha he traveled there to look for his trunk of books that had

46 erastus snow journal II11 183818411838 1841 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentv typescripttypescripto ppe 1pap1 202 134 been lost by the stage company but he used his time well by preaching twice at the coutrhouse while he continued to hold meetings in franklin county for about two and a half weeks 9 elders wakefield and brown journeyed south to leitersburgh maryland 47 sunday march 18 found the three elders reunited with elder winchester in leitersburgh during the next two weeks 9 the four elders labored mainly in washington county maryland many meetings were held and at least three people were baptized elder winchester traveled to Baltibaltimoremoresmoreg maryland6 for a week and elder snow spent part of a week across the potomac river in western virginiaVirginiao during that time elders snow and brown also took a twodaytwo day trip across the border into pennsylvania and held a meeting in waynesboro there they laid their hands on a woman named mrs flanigan who had been sick for six weeks and the lord healed herhere she arose from her bed and desired baptibaptismsmssmo but her husband refused his permissionpermissions 48 the elders returned along various routes through franklin and bedford counties in pennsylvania they found each other again on tuesday april 10 in Cleclearridgearridge bedford county on thursday they met elder james in the streets of bedford the five elders had gathered for a

47 48 ibid ppsppe 252 5sas5 ibid ppe 5 606 135 conference in clearridgeClearridge which had been appointed two months before the conference continued from fridayfridays april 13913 until the following monday elder snow commented on the conferenceconferences much good instruction was given and the saints were refreshed and souls were added AQ to the lord 49 following the conference the missionaries took separate paths elder snow labored back across bedford somerset westmorelandWestmore landslandy fayette and allegheny counties during the following month although he preached to crowded assemblies in some places he met with little successsuccesse on mondaymondays may 7 or 14s14 elder snow found elder bishop at the home of james father near pittsburgh while in cookstownCooks town south of Pittspittsburghburghsburghy elder snow had a debate with reverend D young a campbellite of connelsville he was the champion of the county and supposed that one hour would be sufficient to expose the errorerrora the debate continued for two days in the methodist church in cookstownCooks town at its conclusionconclusions elder snow was requested to preach moremoresmorey while mrmre young had not faredfared so well when he tried to get the people to vote in his favor nearly all the people catchedbatched their nats and left the house 0050

49 ibid appp 5 6 50 0 ibid appp 686886806 8o8ao 136 therhe elders gathered again for a conference in indiana county on thursday may 24 they held several meetings in brushvalleyBrushvalley and Strongsstrongstownstrongstownptown ordained two elders and one teacher while at the conferenceconferences 9 elder snow received a letter requesting him to go to far westwesty missouri therefore he turned toward kirtland he journeyed down the allegheny and ohio rivers to beaver county where he preached twice in brighton and baptized four people then he returned to kirtland on the stagestages

0 9 51 arriving sundaysundays june 3pap3 183818380

SAMUEL JAMES 1839

elder samuel james continued to be an important force in the missionary work across southern pennsylvania and other places he wrote to don carlos smith and the times and seasons late in 1839 with information on the missionary work then going on in pennsylvania he had arrived in the philadelphia area with his brother in late junejunes 183918390 they had left their home south of pittsburgh on may 15 and had visited several branches of the church across pennsylvania specifically they found one branch in Leechleechburghburgh armstrong county forty miles east of pittsburgh on the canal it had been raised up the

51 ibid p 9 the typescript copy gives the number baptized as sevensevens but the original appears to be four 137 previous winter by father nickerson they reported that there were fortyoneforty one members in the branch 52 elder james attended a conference in monmouth county new jersey on august 929 1839 at the conferenceconferences he represented the forty members of the branch in leechburghLeechburgh armstrong county 53 an earlier conference was convened in the brandywine branch in chester county on saturdaysaturdays july 18 elder lewis james was present and gave an account of his travelstraveistraveisevelse lttt he also mentioned the branch in leechburgleechborgLeechburg armstrong countypandcountysandpandand the saints in clear ridgeridges bedford county 54 elder orson hyde also mentioned father nickersons branch in leechburgleechborgLeechleechburgeburgburgsburge elder hyde had stopped there and preached there on his way to rusalemeJejerusalem 55

52 journal Histhistoryorysoryo december 31s31 1839 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 183718370 since the rest of elder james report dealt with the philadelphia area it will be covered in the next chapter of the present vorkworkvorkevorkoworko

53journal historyHisto rytrys august 9pap9 1839 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 183918390 54 journal history july 18 1940 times and seasons nauvoo illinois II11 ppe 206 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 55journal history september 28 1840 citedcited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 184018400 138 ERASTUS snow1840SNOW 1840

when erastus snow left nauvoo for pennsylvania in the spring of 1840 it was at the request of president joseph smithsmithssmithp jrjreureura the prophet had told erastus that his services were much needed in the eastern part of pennsylvania sickness and poverty made it difficult to leave immediately hoveHowehoweverversverp he finally received a donation which started him in company with elder seS james of welisWellswellsburghwellsburghpburgh virginia they went by water on the mississippi and ohio rivers to Wellswellsburghburgh and preached there on fridayfridays may 29 18491849p elder snow left wells burgh and steamed up the ohio river to beaver county pennsylvania there he spent the weekend among some of the saints whom he had baptized he preached a few times4 among them to a respectable audiaudienceencee 1156 either elder snow or some other missionary in beaver county in 1840 attracted the attention of a county history author he mentioned in a footnote thatchatthats in 1840 mormon meetings were held in hurraysmurraysMurrays hotel in sharon and some converts were baptized in the creek 65715757

56erastus snow Journjournaljournalsjournalpalaaiaalp lisII11 typescript ppe 19211921019 21 575 revreverevo joseph heH bausmanBausmansmang am0AMamsama history of beaver county P II11 new york city knickerbocker prespressS 1904 ppo 7697690 139 elder snow continued his journey east on monday to leachburgLeachburg where he tarried for one weekweeksweeko on sunday el ers snowsnows zebedee coltrin and lewis james met with the saints and ordained a presiding elder and a teacher p Q and deacondeacons 58 on tuesday june 9 elder snow started east on the canal again he stopped for eleven days in indiana county where he had labored before before leavingleavings he held six meetings and baptized two persons elders mcintire and james joined elder snow when he started east again they ascended the west slope of allegheny mountains passing through Strongsstrongstowntown and Ebensebensburghburgh and then rode the railroad down the east side to hollidays burg theretheres 9 elder james turned south to labor in bedford county while the other two elders took passage east to harrisburg on the canalcanals enrouteEnenrouteproute elder snow preached one sermon on the canal boatboats from harrisburg the elders traveled on foot 9 a distance of about 100 miles across lancaster and chester counties preaching along the vaywayvaysvayeways they arrived in philadelphia on monday 9 59 july 660 the rest of his work in the area of phila- delphia0 isa the subject of the next chapter

CQ 58 pps erastus snow journaljournals 9 lislivII11 typescripttypescripts 21 elder snowssnow leachburgLeachburg was undoubtedly the same as elder jamesjamest leechburgleechborgLeechburg which is also the modern spellingspellings timing geographyandgeography and elder lewis jamesjamest presence all point toward that conclusion 591bids591ibidbidsbide ppapoppo 21232123021 23 chapter 7

THE philadelphia AREA

philadelphia the birthplace of a nation was slow in receiving the attention of the missionaries however it quickly became a center of missionary activity on the east coast apparently the first elders to labor in philadelphia were elders jedediah Mme grant joshua grant jr and benjamin sinwinwinchesterchesterschestere the former two were born in 1816 and 1818 respectiverespectivelylyslyo the sons of joshua grant sr 1 their sister caroline had married the prophets brotherbrothers william on february 14 20 18331833a a benjamin was the son of stephen and nancy winchester and joined the church with them on january 27 1833 at elk creekcreeks pennsylvanipennsylvaniaPennsylvani as almost five weeks later jedediah entered the waters of baptimsbaptisms in the 30 same place elder jedediah meM grant had left kirtland

1 lfrankfrank esshornEsesshompshornshorm pioneers and prominent men of utah salt lake city utah pioneers book publishing Compcompanyanys 1913 appp 8968978968970896 8978970

flucy2lucylucy mackiviack smithsmithssmithy history of joseph smithsmithssmithp ededeedo preston nibley salt lake city stevens & walliscallisowalliso incasincesinc 1945 ppe 3423420

3 eivanevan Mme greene journaljournals january 15 1833april1833 april lo101 1835 mesYSSMSS in LDS church historical department p p 494

140 141 by boat to buffalo on june 696 1837 from there he labored eastward on his third mission across new yorkyorke about the first of august he joined forces with elders joJ grant & beB winchester in sullivan county new york he found that thay11thay sic had ben siclaboringsic laboring with diligence & had added 12 the following month the three elders journeyed to new york city through the state of new jersey and to philadelphia preaching by the vaywayvayevayowayo ll11 their stay in pennsylvania was brief and elder grants journal comments were even shorter as they continued to chesapeake bay and maryland state elder winchester had returned to ohio in time to attend the 4 conference at west township on october 7 183718370 joshua also concluded to return to ohio 9 while jedediah remained in harrison county until november baptizing two people from harrison county he went south into north Carolicarolinanasnap where he labored until october of 183818380

brandywine BRANCH

the year of 1839 witnessed a powerful upswing in missionary activity in southeast Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao elders lorenzo doD bamesbarnes and harrison sagers labored there in

jedediah meM grant journal 1836 MSS in LDS church historical department 142 5 the springsprings 9 baptizing four in chester county samuel james wrote to nauvoo about the end of 1839 that elder barnes had baptized at least thirty people 6 it was during the same year that the prosperous and influential edward hunter of west nantmealNantnantmealsmealmeals chester county protected the rights of mormon elders who wished to preach at west nantmealNantmeal seminary he had leased the property to the town and assisted in building the school on the condition that no one be denied the privilege of preaching there when some of the religious leaders of the area insisted that it would not be good to have the mormons theretheres mr hunter stood up for their rights and the elders were allowed to preach edward hunter also traveled a few miles to hear and protect another mormon

H elder 9 named elijah he davis while elder davis was speaking at locust grove 9 robert johnson stood and demanded that he cease hunter arose and spoke forthefor the rights of the strstrangerangereangero although edward was not baptized until october 8pap8 1840 his home immediately became a haven for any of the elders who came through the area one of the elders who visited was the prophet josephjosephejosepho

5 andrew Jenjensonsons compcompecompo p pennsylvania as a latter day saint missionary field MSS in LDS church historical department 1839

61ournaljournal historyhistoryp december 31 1839 cited by Jensojensonnv pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1839 143 joseph visited the hunter home for several days in january 1840 and preached in nantmealNantmeal seminary he made a powerful and lasting impression on edward hunter who 7 later became presiding bishop of thochurchthetho church edward hunters farm made the news in the summer of 197419749 when the present owners the greenfields gave their daughter away in9 marrimarriage1 ageOagee the philadelphia1 bulletin reported the 215acre215 acre greenfield estate once belonged to a farmer called ed hunterhunters a mormon with assorted wives joseph smith the mormon leader visited here according to legendlegend8legenda 8 the branch of the church in chester county came to be known as the brandywine branch after the creek which ran through the county figure 11 shows the creek and its two branches cutting the county in half it also shows west nantmealNantmeal township on the northern border of the county adjacent to berks county east and west brandywine townships can be seen immediately south of west nantmealNantnantmealomealmealemealo while joseph was in chester county a conference was convened at brandywine with joseph smith presidpresidinginq and james rodeback as clerk two elders and

awilliam7williamwilliam E hunter majmdjMD edward hunter faithful stewardstewards ed janath russell cannon salt lake city mrs william eoE hunter 1970 ppsppe 40 475247 52 HC IV ppe 77977

Q ajoseph8josephjoseph xeX dever deborah greenfield Is married under elms at Valhallvalhallaap the philadelphiladelphiahiahla bulletinbulletins summer 1974 a clipping sent to the present author by a correspondent from pennsylvania mrs henry C fmaryamarymary patterson 5waw 1 lasiesladies5 I 01 tr 0 Q wr r eom 14liolleilm 10 1 eoacam VP I Qinqinfinofinofunouuno C 1 liteillekite jjarj vamTAM estLST wall oorCOX T VMT M R U FST ILOWE 0 ERE RF Ait IN VI U C LOWER 60 00oo munkmalftown EAST a p0tt3g1t0ve l4dwwb e ROBESON 114 napo PAL C LAY Schomschommeekmeek adamrtown0 kiialm 10 ERRYeray ioploptcp ral c8100 il s67top lamtagimm r baymetayme lo d gas 1 1 gretl aes I I ebrabr copelanhopelan savsmv P laalaxam a 0 C K 422 ON zfjda&ftm duy bi 0 ite mar e ppa lawn dur ocamOCAUCO RECKNMIC lselae 0 q nloullt even 40 ftortORTft 4waw woowom 001 c mille 0 ummabo oat ajyj FRAQ C br sonegone aletowlcom 60 0 1 A 8 E BRECKNOC tare UNION coven icoveitrcove listonvilonvil L 1 bw eld TMPPSO rabRAU 0 0 list oak 0 ellairg jr&stiersontWNUG altonmltonmiton ellaire T WAR ERIty 1 gton 0 n NOSt X 3 oOooerity MOUNT penhPENN le ephrataephrath C 0 OVETRY id r nimerville 0 comeqtj jotJOY linftlindt R A T A0 ow leclee rhaRNA 004gexgtx V V V niohk Q n wwvla tey AST hscusc NT E 0 igro terretorre grove m letver allsalisamla P nilmilmii n RAPHO IV t2n& a a freseresseresme rogerove wyt CASTcasyeasy CAERNA outoua r ramtmetntown sporting hillo W a W t C K Hi witwik eokVOL tor j 94 tar 4cs cbumbt VINCIENT acs mod kh WEST eal I1 a V T PL wu is 0 so 0 77. A a- 0 cjrmcorm pnvtft EARL 61 alto kimberov0 A orrorn Vuglavur u 0 gedvgodv & IP GALgau 9aaa kni KATAlealILAL or xem u0nend matsmata ANU INN A 14helle dwvme z4fttm4 kastEAST dc AST 0 spriessosprispeispelesso V sc WT ca f lamnlamb ij dr NEMP 1 roc ilkyikyim J acthal1es ft AV t4 gluelt cambrid .0 al 41 LAACOW cambria rjacielms 0 10 06 0 IR asv WEST 4 cf 0 heebee14& livehlasLIVekisshlaskisa 41vuk P C weat nl r A 0 lt wolfwelf hirbirC e u usiel q 43 va itollo r twiuwi 61 k or 101 1 on 0 hieMIE budELD aieL EACOOK A L 1 U fAsll V 101- 8 W in eimakeimad inswomm c4nercaner I1 WAA V laarlram P lc 0 4 E L L A mawmww C kak8 WEST LAM apo GardogardouvelleuvElle k of bpo A t ore CP NJ i4 it 1pap mr LAMPIETE b 010 0 WS own to ft V N V 5 A 1 101 wilu 171 10 M A R f c 4 IEWTOWN W h er nelvelVIL wogwow WT C Z 0 anngnn hillgowa n eq whUM lamp 4 o4gem aust LOWER vrr 0 9.9 sm ABA DISK beabenban h w pam W W bum Paaadise S A 03surylsaossur 0 voes 0 0 1elraymelray 0 IL E 0 nars 40 STRASBURG .111 1 SAOSO k r cf roackbillt pequ 0o lvaITS rese11 ob 7 emaTAA n umaumv awest 1bradf0 roftomrostom vmkljffl1ge0 cbridlaus alarsballten EXALLOW la10 t 0 casky 0 am a r CQMMETA a l0 WINDSOR 0.0 GIsrietsees to etc 01 01 08c Q ft2lcc eh V gryn T new 14 sittebitte T e satbat uarluart HIGHLOND 4CP 0 A EDEN 1106 1 P edeh pwate backbuck ru vt urldigevills salfebalfe iwate gamgum i& ow C gas tmoamo ia lesalenslena rheyieTIS mmoumin 00 harbor imutamut 0 WWAT .0 IV liclie RT 0 rd 0 anic fo4provoiden steelvtue 1w91m9vwm1nt141.4 1 prinpridryseyaega E barttibarati do0 V pocoplufu 1 F W y 0 K colcmazirille truce cashnswuls 0 WEST A rqaq amcefor a 400100 paw11 1fallowfielia my ip rivi kolkok odoooo0d0 totertotem M kftbor2waw tftks 0 X A owevilleoweville t MARTIC oreville L kachaladhals 00 green martio 411111 burje 311511 040.4 GFloldlkld VUvu411111 1urje kt DRUMORE ozirkwood rj goftcqm dadk kkidgswridge nctbemm A jrqq a NORTH velvee grovis ufftm oxfoxv KDON jjjc noath OWER 0 la piew dawdapasp whawstia d 6ccba A I1 IS a 0 airville 0 regPEMpeg aj 7aqs 4 HOPEWELL P CUM faqs pb NCEFORD co aluqiu ad3d T 100.100 ab 0 okylcvill oromDRUM E qlu W 100 00 enumeds daum ipe bor4or yoe lielle 11 muddy creekercek ks 0 irefre VE aaroenGARCEN abukbu EAST HOPEW L U a in 0 tyrityrl R foroFORC cc ritsit v n roc s 0 irum wr LITTLC OWTAIN n romeegyem little NEW r- 9 0 6tcb e 1r 0 HOPEWELL k ulm 9asaas TINGHAIA L I t bumartewwa 0 e 0 glar fra141clj it W im PP isarblar ley logelogoeondomnon it will 0 kedbleine 0 hi 0 0 lilt AS truefu of K BRITAW wllwit G L 1fu WEST prom1 EL a4aa iol I1I landenberg JC 0 a 0

figure ll11 lancaster chester and delaware counties standard refencerefemcerefernceRefernce madmap of pennsylvania 145 two priests were ordained and they had great harmony 9 and much important instructinstructionionelonaiona v19 at the close of the conferenceconferences 9 elder babesbamesbarnes wrote to nauvoo that fifty three had joined the church in the brandywine branch and that a dozen elders might well be employed in chester iglo county illo when elder bamesbarnes wrote again from philadelphia to the times and seasons on may 5 1840 he noted eighty members in his field of laborlabors chester county and a need for more missionaries he also wrote that the church membership within sixty miles of philadelphia had grown from thirty or forty to at least four hundred in the past year 11 elders erastus snow and john ftF wakefield arrived in chester county on june 29 and noted that there were about one hundred members of the church in that place they remained one week preaching several times and baptizing two 0onnsundayssunday july 5eae5 the following day they 12 continued to philadelphia on july 8 lorenzo bamesbarnes

9journal9journal historyHistorys january 29 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 184018409 10 ibidoebidoI1 did 11 journal history may 595 1840 timestimea and seasonssea nauvoo illinois I1 ppe 117 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 12 erastuserastus snow journal II11 183818411838 1841 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartmentsdepartmentp typescript ppe 222322 23 146 wrote again numbering upwards of one hundred members in chester Councountycountylscountystyls brandywine branch 13 ten days later another conference was held in brandywine with elder elijah malin representing the branch consisting of 107 members in good standing 11146114691414 elder babesbamesbarnes presided at the conference in his own area and james whitesides was

the clerkclerke by late september of 1840 v elder snow reported 130 members in chester county 15 elder orson hyde also labored a week with elder barnes as he crossed the state duringI1 that week in september of 1840 six people joined the church in brandywine elder hyde spoke highly of erastus snowsnows describing him as a good yokefellowyoke fellofeilofellow1waw he also described elder babesbamesbarnes as

0 a 0 a kindhearted faithful laborer in the vineyard 0 0 As the evening sunbeams tinge the distant landscapeandscape with a goldenhuegoldegoidegoldengoidennhuehue so his name shall reflect honor upon those with whom he may be connected in the bonds of the covenantcovenant16covenantol616

13 journal historyHistofTs july 8 1840 times and seasons enauvoopnauvoo illinois Iip1 ppo 182 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 14journal history Julyjuly 18 1840 times and seasons Naunauvoovoos illinoisq II11 pep 206 cited by jenson 9 illinoiseillinois pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 11 184018400

15journal history october 3131p 1840 times andnd seasons Naunauvoonauvoosvoos illinoisillinoisipisip II11 ppe 221221p cited by jenson Illino 11 pennsylvania as a latterdayday saint missionary fieldfieldafield9 1840 latter 16journal16journal history september 28p28 1840 cited by 147 when a general conference was convened in philadelphia on october lavl7v17 1840 elder elijah malin represented the brandywine branch he reported that it contained four elders three priests and 135 members at the conference james whitesides a priest from brandywine branch was ordained an eldereider 17 the branch minute book gave the date of the conference as april 6 184018400 hoveHowehoweverversverv all other sources and the various branch membership figures agree with the october 17 date

BRANCHES IN LANCASTER COUNTY

while lidereldereider barnes and others were busy in chester county elders elisha hoH davis and henry dean were preaching near strasburg in lancaster county they had baptized eighteen people by january 29 1840 with the 18t Q prospects of moremoresmoree elder barnes who reported the

jenson 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 184018400

17 11 church of leL Ddo saints philaphilasphilae ll book of minutes and other branch records of the philadelphia branch 184018541840 1854 in the reorganized church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints church historianhistorians vault journal Hishistorytorys october 17 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfieldsfieldg 184018400

18journal historyhistoryp january 29 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 184018400 148 above to don carlos smith at nauvoo wrote again to the editors of the times and seasons on may 5 184018400 then he reported that thirtythreethirty three people had been baptized by the elders in lancaster county 19 while elder erastus snow was traveling through lancaster county in june of 1840 he preached five times he recorded iinn his journal that elder davis hadbaptizedhad baptized 2090 a few in new holland when he left philadelphia to return to get his wife at nauvoo elder snow indicated that the number in lancaster county had grown to 21 seventy 0 elder babesbamesbarnes reported fifty or more members 2299 in lancaster county by july 808 ten days later at the brandywine conference 9 elder elisha reH davis represented

191 Q journal history may 5 1840 times and seasons nauvoo illinoisjoillinois jo IsI1 ppe 1170117 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 0 184018400 20 erastus snow Jourjournalnallnaisnaig IIslipII11 typescript ppe 5 21 journal history october 31 1840 times and seasonssgafonsagons nauvoo illinois II11 ppe 221221p cited by jenson f pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 0 1840 22 journal historyHistorys july 8 1840 timestimea and seasons nauvoo illinois IsI1 ppe 182 cited by jenson 0 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 149 the ffiftythreefiftyifty three members of the church in the county of 23 his labors 0 elders elisha davis and daniel deice organized a branch of the church in new hollandhollands lancaster county on fridayfridays 9 september 25 184018400 elder deice had just been ordained an elder during the brandywine con- ferferenceencee at the organization of the new holland branchbranchy john merring was ordained a priest and harmon wickel was ordained a teacher 24 at the october general conference held in phila-phi la delphia lancaster county was represented by william moore william moore had been ordained an elder at the july 18 conference moore reported that elders davis and dean had built up three branches with a total membership of eightyfoureighty four souls there were thirtyninethirty nine members in a branch in georgetown 9 twentysixtwenty six members in a branch near new holland and nineteen in the branch in saisburysadsburysadsburye see the eastern part of lancaster county in figure iiillieiiaila1111. included in the totals were one presidingpresiding and three traveling elders three priesprieststso three teachers and one deacon 25

232 3 journal historbistorhistoryY july 18 1840 times and seasons jnauvoonauvoop illinoisillinoisiillinoiselsiisiisy lisII11911 vep 206 cited by jenson pennsylvania as aIllinolatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 latter 24journal24journal history september 25 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840 minutes of new holland branch MSS in LDS church historical department

25 11 25churchchurch of leL doD saints phila 9.9 journal history october 17 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 18401840e 150 lancaster county people of today have indicated that a john we hess from franklin county susanna mann susan sheets and a neff family of eight were among the faithful who migratedimmigratedemmigratedem west seventeen years later from nauvoo 26

THE philadelphia BRANCH

although elders jedediah meM grant joshua grant and benjamin winchester visited philadelphia in september or october of 1837 it remained for elders samuel and lewis james to begin a sustained labor in the city they arrived in june of 1839 and by december 31 samuel had baptized six people elder james also reported in the same letter that elder winchester had baptized two 27 elder winchester had been laboring in hornerstown and toms riverriversrivero new jersey most of the time forfor more than a year when he attended a conference in monmouth county new jersey on august 28 1839 by the voice of the conference he went to philadelphia to begin preaching for the next two years the story of the philadelphia

26ft letters to the author from ira doD landilandllandissv secretary of the lancaster mennonite conference historical society lancasterLancastersterp pennsylvania july 31 1974 and from cindy godshallgodshalllGodgodshalloshallo a member of the church in lancaster who researched her hardtswardtsvardward early history lancaster pennsylvania august 12 1974 27 journal history december 31s31 183918390 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 183918390 151 branch was essentially the story of benjamin win 28 chester parlpariparleyey Ppo pratt visited the philadelphia branch in november 1839 and was there in december to hear the prophet joseph speak to about three thousand people in the city 29 when elder bamesbarnes wrote from philadelphia on january 29 18418400 he reported that benjamin winchester had baptized sixtyfivesixty five souls by then on february ioslos10910 1840184091840.9 elder winchester wrote concerning his own labors he reported the same number of baptisms with eight to ten more having made aloaioatoolicationeapplication he also reported a

p 28david Jje whittaker to further the cause of righteousness s the life and contributions of benjamin winchester early mormon missionary unpublished manuscript in the authors possession 1974 jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfieldsfieldg 1839 and 1840 walter weW smith the history of the philadelphia pennsylvania branch journal of history XI july 1918 ppsppe 3583733583730358 3733730 XII Janujanuaryarys 191991919 ppe iiilil1111181111180111 1180118 XIII octoberoctobers 1920p1920 ppapoppo 5095305095309509 5305309 the present work has not attempted to duplicate the efforts of the above authors the typescripttypescripts from which articles by walter weW smith were printed was examined by the current author in reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day saints church historians library in independence missouri he found it to be the only source still available for the articles it showed the evidence of editorial checking with comments written in the margins and initialed HCSh9cse 9929 journal Hishistorytorys november 22s22 18391839p cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 1839 parley Ppe prattpratts autobiograautobiography of parlpariparley parker prattprattspratto edo parley Ppo pratt jrjre salt lake city deseret book Compacompanynysnyp 1970 ppeppa 48 51 parkinparkins ppe 51 152 conference there the first of january which joseph smithsmithasmithy jr sidney rigdon orson pratt and parley Ppo pratt and yothersmanyothersmanmany others attended 30 the minutes of the conference referred to above were dated january 13 9 1840 with joseph snithsmith as president of the conference and samuel bennettbennetts secretary samuel bennett had been ordained an elder on december 23923 1839 when the philadelphia branch was organized the prophet joseph had presided at that conference also the minutes of the january 13 conference referred to joseph cautioning the traveling elders to be especially cautious of encroaching on the ground of stationed and presiding elders and rather direct their efforts to breaking up and occupying new ground 31 elder erastus snow returned to pennsylvania in 1840 and arrived in philadelphia on monday july 606 he labored in that areaareas in new jersey rhode islandislands new york city and booklanbooklyn for most of the next yearyears some of the faithful people who were mentioned by elder snow as converts in the philadelphia area were charles and james ivins bishop edward hunterhunters jacob weiler the

on 30journal30journal Hishistorytorys january 29 1840 and february losios10 184018409 cited by jensonjenson9 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 1840 31 church of leL doD saints philaphilas 153 PearciPearpearciespearciessciesclesess and the robbins when elder snow left the last of septemberseptembersSeptembersberv 1840 to bring his wife from nauvoonauvoos he 32 reported 230 members in Philadelphphiladelphiaphiladelphiaophiladelphianlaelaoiao in his letters of may 5 and july 8 1840 elder babesbamesbarnes reported over two hundred members in Philaphiladelphiaphiladelphiasphiladelphiandelphias eight or ten are baptized almost every veekweekweeks he wrote 33 at the brandywine conference on july 18 elder william wharton represented the saints in philadelphia numbering 207 members 9 exclusive of those removed to 34 the westwestewesto ll11 elder orson hyde labored in philadelphia for one veekweekweek with erastus snow and baptized twelve persons 35 one of those who was baptized during this time period was apparently julianna sheaff in 1840 she was

32erastus32 erastus snow journaljournals II11 typescripttypescripts ppe 23- 26 erastus snow an autobiography dictated to his son franklin reR snow in the year 1875 MSS in LDS church historical department journal history october 31 1840 times and seasons nauvoo illinois II11 p 221221p cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field 11 184018400 33journal33journal Hishistorytorys mamay 5 and july 8 1840 times and seasons NaunauvoovooNvoos illinois p itI1 ppe 117s117 182 cited by Jenjensonsonssony pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 1840

114 journal history july 18 1840 P titimesmeg aandnd seaseasonsqonsnauvoonauvoo illinois J II11 pop 206 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields 184018400 35journal historyhistoryp september 28 1840 cited by jenson pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfieldsfieldy 184018400 154 excluded ffromrom membership in the baptist church in mont 36f gomery county for having joined the Morcormonsmormonsmons elder lorenzo doD bamesbarnes represented two hundred fifty members of the philadelphia branch including three elders and two priests at the october 17 general conference elder barnes was the secretary of the conference and apostle orson hyde who was there on his way to jerusalem was chosen president A total of 896 members including twentyfourtwenty four elders from pennsylvania new jersey and new york were represented at the conference elders george J adams and orson hyde addressed the sunday sessions of the conference on monday sixsim6 persons requested and received baptism 37

36Q A letter to the author ffromrom mrs 0 robert I1 katharine cummincummins secretary of the radnor historical society wayne pennsylvania july 11 19741974p who referred to the records of the lower merion baptist church on photostaticphotostatic copy in the historical society of pennsylvania 0737 church of Lle doD saints Philaphilaoiiphi laslaesiioII jenson 9 pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary fieldfields chapter 8

SUMMARY

the growth of the church in pennsylvania proceeded in a very logical way the initial thrust in erie county was the result of the countys geographical location on the path that most of the missionaries would normally follow on their way back home or to the

a eastern countriescountrieseriesoI1 to rather well developed roads crossed the county linking ohio and new york and providing the least expensive method of travel it was typical for

ll11 missionaries to preach along the waywayo o that was also the method advocated by their prophetleadersprophet leaderleaders thus in erie county the first branches in pennsylvania took rootroohrootsroote twenty separate missionary ventures across the county have been discussed in the present study either traveling alone or as companions of two or threethrees these men sowed countless seeds and baptized many people some made the county their main area of labor while others labored there as they crossed into new york the baptisms of 141 souls in erie county have been counted herein while many others have undoubtedly escaped discovery by this writer by 1833 branches of the

155 156 church had been organized at springfield and elk creek in erie county the map and table in figures 12 and 13 outline five years of activity in the county however by late 1836 erie county seems to have been forgotten as an area of missionary endeavor the reasons for the elimination of erie county were not fully told in the journals of the time period however some of the converts had gathered to kirtland or missouri and others had apostasizedapostasizedo two missionary journeys have also been discussed that crossed the northern part of the state without crossing erie county entering crawford or mercer counties these missionaries labored across many counties to lackawanalackawannaLackawana or another eastern county and then out of the statestates in 18311831p alpheus gifford heard the gospel preached in kirtland and was baptized he became the initial source of the gospel for a group of people who became known as the columbia and rutland branches the branches were located in bradford and tioga counticountiescountiesscountlessessesp9 respectively it is not known how many people joined the church in those northern pennsylvania counties however at least seven missionaries from the counties journeyed to new york Ververmontmontsmonty canada and other places to spread the gospelgospels the families of brigham young and heber coC kimball were among those converted by the missionariesit from the two branches however by the H figure 12 u1ua 4 map of the state of pennsylvania in the LDS church library JM

figure 12 map of theche state of pennsylvania in thetha LDS church library

s 158 figure 13 missionary journeys across and into pennsylvania approximate no reported in papaspao area time per of of miylimiimil s si ona atiwilryl es code iod in pa converts elders chactechanterchaptechapterr 4 jared cartercarcercareercar eercer and 1 sept 1831 i1 1 ebenezer page orson pratt and 3 feb oct 4 0 lyman E johnson 1832 orson hyde and I1 feb marmaremara 6 1 samuel heH smith 1832 jared carter 1 aarapr may 11 0 calvin stoddard oct and aaron lyon 1832 hyrum and william 2 dec 1832 23 0 smithsmi th john feF boynton and 2 nov decdece 7 0 zebedee coltrin 1832 john foF boynton and 2 janjane apraareapre 90 0 evan greene 1833 doctor Philphilistusphilastusastus 2 marjunemar june 0 0 hurlburt 1833 evan Mivio greenegreeno and 1 aarapr 1833 0 0 william heH heH sagers lorenzo barnes and 1 aug 1833 0 0 elial strong amasa NM lyman and 1 july sept 0 0 william feF cahoon octoctet dec 1833 zebedee coltrin 121.2 viarmarI1 aprtaaraartapr 3 1 augauge decdecadeco 1833 area code the categories of the general area that the missions covered 1 missions crossing erie county to new york andaridarld the east 2 missions into erie county and back to kirtland 3s3as missions crossing the northern part of the statestateestacee 404 therhe missionary activity of the columbia and rutland branches e 505 the journeys of the young families and others south west to zionzione 6 missions into the southwest part of the state and thence easteastwardvardevardowardo 7 missions in the philadelphia areaareas 159 figure continued13continued13

approximate no 9 reported in pa e area time per of of Missionarymissionaexiesmissionaryieslesies code iodlod in pa converts elderseiderseldeeidera joseph smithssmithy 1 oct 1833 0 0 sidney rigdon and freeman nickersonnickerson orson pratt and 2 decdecedeco 1833 0 0 lyman eoE johnson feb 1834 moses martin 1 aug nov 0 0 1834 lorenzo bamesbarnes and 3 june sept 0 0 daniel stephens 1835 edward partridge and 1 june 1835 0 0 isaac morley amasa meM lyman 1 june 1835183501835.0 0 0 aarapr 1836 jedediah Mme grant 1 aarapr 1836 0 0 libeus toT coon 2 apradropaprop 1836 3 0 almon babbitt and 1 summer 1836 0 0 benjamin brown joseph smith sr 1 june 1836 0 0 and john smith chapter 5 baptism of alpheus 4 spring 1831 1 0 gifford in kirtland trip of alpheus and 4 1831 5 5 five friends to kirtland work in tioga and 4 183118341831 1834 3 2 bradford counties mission to shafts 4 fall 1831 0 0 burgburgsburgo vermont A few vermont mission to mendonmendons 4 decdecedeco 1831 0 0 new york 2 trips to the 4 jandansdanejane apro 0O 0 columbia branch 1832 3 from NYnoyenoyo return to mendon 4 aarapr 1832 0 0 30 ilnyoininnyoNY mission to canada 4 summer 1832 0 0 many in canada ezra landon to 4 summer 1832 0 0 new york 20 in NYnyenyo eight families to 5 183218331832 1833 A branch zioninzion in pittsburgh lorenzo young to 5 aarapr 1833 NYnye from pittsburgh 160 fifiguregurellgurel313 continued approximate no reported in papao area time per- of of Missionarymissionaryiesies 2.2 code iod in pa converts elderseiderseldeeide number in trotroyy0ya 4 1834 28 bradford cocoscoo Charterchapter 6 zebedee coltrin 6 aug 1832 0 0 and jesse gause amasa meM lyman and 6 fall 1832 0 0 zerubbabelZerubbabel snow carvel rigdon and 6 jan 1835 0 2 samuel james orson pratt 6 oct nov 3 1 1835 lorenzo bamesbarnes 6 may june 0 0 1836 erastus snow 6 aprodecoapro decdecedeco 50 0 1836 erastus snow and 6 janjanejano 1837 0 0 williambosleywilliam bosieyBosleybos ley francis gladden 6 aarapr augauge 8 0 bishop 1837 erastus snow 6 junejunedecodecdecedeco 60 1 1837 7 md 1 md erastus snow 6 jan 1838 5 2 samuel james 6 mayjunemay june 0 0 1839 andfnd 41 in branch erastus snow 6 may 1840 2 1 chapter 7 jedediah meM grant 7 aug 1837 0 0 joshua grant and benjamin winchester lorenzo doD bamesbarnes 7 183918401839 1840 142 5 and harrison sagers chester coecooco elisha meM davis and 7 183918401839 1840 84 4 henry dean 9 lancaster coecooco samuel james and 7 183918401839 1840 250 3 benjamin winchester 476 12 161 mid1830smid issos1830s most of the members of the branches had either migrated westward or apostasizedapostasizeds at least by august of 1832 missionary work had begun in southwest Pennsylpennsylvaniapennsylvaniaspennsylvanianvanias on their way to missouri phinehas young and his company organized a branch of pittsburgh in the winter of 183218331832 1833 erastus snowsnows samuel jamesjamess lorenzo bamesbarnes and others labored extensively in the second half of the decade twelve missionary trips have been discussed in the present work at least eight different branches were organized across the western and southern portion of the state by 1840 it was estimated that there were one hundred members of the church in western pennsylvania in late 1837 the work in philadelphia area waited until 1839 to have its real dawning the gospel was preached in chester county by lorenzo D bamesbarnes and in lancaster by elisha hoH davis and henry deandeans in 1839 two powerful forces appeared on the philadelphia horhorizonizona samuel james came first with his brother and then benjamin winchester was sent by an august conferenceconferences the next year and a half saw great growth in all three areasarease by october 17 1840 there were over 450 members in the three counties joseph smithsmiths sidney rigdon and most

4 of the twelve apostles had visited the philadelphia areaak 6k by the end of 184018400 the prospects were very promising indeed 162 A tabulation of the available records indicated the following numbers of members and elders who had been baptized or ordained during the years indicaindicatedtedt9 in the various sections of pennsylvania

183018321830 1832 183318361833 1836 183718401837 1840 183018401830 1840 number of number of number of totals mem mem mem mem sectionsectionlon bersbens elderseiders bersberg eldgbldgelderseiders bersbers elders bers elderseiderseldeeiders erie 48 2 96 1 0 0 144 3 county 4 in 4 area blakely columbiamorecolumbia more rut thathan 7 28 0 0 0 37 7 land 9 the A branch in south pittsburgh 53 3 116 4 169 7 west phi la- o 0 0 0 476 12 476 12 delphia total it61 93 TH177 4i 592 it16 tio950gio830 it29

the above figures are merely estimates due to the incomplete lists of baptisms and the lack of adequate information on migrationimmigrationemmigrationem to the west the numbers of members include the pennsylvania elderseiders but not the missionaries from elsewhere

suggestions FOR FUTURE WORK

the present study is a thrust into an area of research that is virtually brimming with future poss- biliibilitiesties since practically no official church records were maintained in those early days the historian must 163 rely mainly on journals and sources with incidental informationformationinformationormationmatlon journals 9 if somewhat complete and detailed are truly gold mines but most individuals failed to keep or preserve such journjournalsalseaise other sources are voluminous 9 but not generallgenerallyy as profitprofitableablee the activities of members of the church were usually of interest to themselves much more than to their contem- porariesporarieseporariesarlesariesearlesearlesa those facts make the occasionaloccasionaldional find worthy of a celebration each of the individuals chronicled herein as accepting the gospel in pennsylvania are potential future projects As information becomes available it would be valuable to answer the questionquestionsquestionssss why did he join the church and what did he do about it the answers to those questions would be helpful to the descendants of the person studied however it would also add to an understanding of the larger question of how the church affected the socalledso called secondary Morcormonsmormonsmons A great deal has been written about the key figures who made the decisions that determined the course of the history of the churche on the other handhands not much has been researched about thethefeelingsfeelings and motivations of the people behind the scenes who followed or stayed behind yet they are also the churchchurche lf the sources that have been available to this writer have indicated that what has been seen has been only a portion of the totaltotals the missionaries that have 164 left sufficient traces to be studied have included in their traces hints about other missionaries and converts about whom almost nothing is known additional studies should be undertaken as new material is un- coveredcoverederedo the period of the present study covers only the first ten years of the church in pennsylvania the remainder of that history still needs to be writtenwritteno likewise 9 other states have been seen to be as fruitful as pennsylvania if not more soesooso new york during that period was more active in missionary work than was pennsylvania the work in new jersey preceded the labors in philadelphia As long as the headquarters of the church remained in kirtland missionary work in ohio probably surpassed that of any other state each of those states and others suggest a potential project APPENDIX

ERIE COUNTY BAPTISMS OF JOHN F BOYNTON AND

EVAN M GREENE bibliography

165 APPENDIX

ERIE COUNTY BAPTISMS OF JOHN F BOYNTON AND EVAN M GREENE

the following is the list that elder greene included in his journal assas those baptized in pennsylvania by john feF boynton and evan meM greene from january 20th 1833 to march 27th 1833 in trieerieerle county pennsylvania name date baptized location rhoda winegar january 20 1833 springfield samuel toT winegar of 2191 of to alvin hartshoneHarthartshomeshome it to it it levi alienallenailen of to john quincy horace martin john winegar alvira winegar of jt fanny hall of itt of it stephen winchester of 27 to elk creek nancy winchesterwinchester of to to it benjamin winchester of of of of polly waldo william heH heH sagers it to of of jane fuller february 5 1833 benjamin wells 17 of taylor settlement eunice wells john sagers 19 elk creek lery sagers of iof mary wilcox of of moses martin of of joel perrem to of dinnis wells of of

evan Mme greene journal january 15 1833 apriapril 0 it 1835 andrew jenson composcomp pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday stintsaint miagimissionarygnagn rv field 166 167 name date bmbaptizedtizedsized location daniel winchesterwincheswindhes terher february 19lapl9p 1833 elk creek paulina winchester itof itt 1 1 of olive aeA vaun it 26 ft john vaun u tl robert weW dimsey t 27 tt susannah dimsdimseyey it ft lovilovicycy campbellcampbeliC amabeampbe 11 march 2 1833 jedediah meM grant tiit ft 19 derby de wolf itto tt henrietta sanford it 6 ft emily harmon itof ftto tt elizabeth Ppo cole of 10 clarissa tyler march 12t12 1833 springfieldspringfspringaleid william thompson ofi ttto ttto it boy of brothebrotherr tyler of to1 ttof of boy of brother tyler of ftto ftof to james joles toi 17 tlof elk creek nancy joles itof tot of1 of destimonydesdimony sagers of ttto ttof of alonzo winchester tot 21 ittt to lovicy darkclark the remaining names below were listed in elder greenes journal below the previous series without a specific reference to a date or locationlocationatlonaaion of their baptism the first seven belovbelow were apparently on march 28p28 183318330 oliver harmon mary preston abigail matthews elizabeth harmon orsey harmon james parshal charles vaun almira carr john parshal nancy vaun henry baldwin william parshal eliza wright lucinda harmon theophalestheopholesTheopholes cross daniel vaun henry deighton sally parshal joel vaun clarissa joles margaret parshal marcus matthews orilla harmon louisa lord phildeliaPhi ldelia coltrin gideon canfield hannah lembeckholembeckgolembeckHo marshal turner ira clothier malinda priest polly turner amy clothier luthluch harper blake baldwin john loddy sophisophiaa houghton asenath baldwin benjamin wilcox nemiah harmon william sanford palova clotheir lydia low patience sanfordsanford narcissa clothier Jahjaharillarill sanford amanda sagers bibliography

168 bibliography

AsA BOOKS bausman rev joseph heH history of beaver county volvoivolevoievolo II11 new york citescitycitys knickerbocker press 1904

weW pen beers 9 foF atlas of erieerlebrie countylCouncountytyL pennsylvanialvaniao new york feF Wwo beers aeA deD ellis and Ggo Ggo soulesouie 186518650

H coC bradsby 9 he historyHi storestorz of bradford county pennsylvania vithwithw bioblobiographicalrarhical selections chicago soS beB nelson ithand cocoscoo 1891 Berretberretttv william E and alma peP burton readinadeadinareadings in LDS church histohistoryao volvoivolevolavoia I1 salt lake citescitycitys deseret book company 195319530 burhamBurnbumhamburnhamshamshama gladysgiadysgladystgladyss compcompecompo the ridgeburidqebury stostory ridgeburyRidgebury townshiptownships pennsylvania ridgeburyRidgebury township PTA 196419640 cannoncannons george aoQqo the lilifefe of joseph smith the prophet ad2d ededsedo salt lake citescitys deseret news 1907 pennay craft rev daviddavidedavido historvhistory of bradford county 1 pennsyl- vaniavaniavanlaa with illustrations and Biographbiographicaligal smtchsketches 177018781770187801770 1878 philadelphia lo10L Hhe everts andsatchcocoo 1878 curtiscurtiss harlow dunham compcompo richarrichard curtice master mariner A GeneagenealogyloaV of richard curtice of salemsalems massachusetts and southoldSouthold loncrislandglong island whose father appears to have been the master marinerMa rinersrinere madison Connecticuconnecticutconnecticutsts mrs william dowd scranton 195519550 doctrine and covenants salt lake city the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1958 esshom frank pioneers anda d prominent men of ulahutahhe salt lake city utah pioneers book publishing company 191319139 furniss weW todd ededeedo american universities and col-calemcglem legenolegegoleges lith ededsede washington DCdecedocedoco american council on education 197219720 169 170 gordon thomas foF A gazetteer of the state ofgf pennpennsyl- vania philadelphia toT beiBelbelknapknaps 183218329 heverlyHeverlys clement foF pioneerI1 and patriotpatkiot families of bradbradfordf0 rd soljnxxcounty pennsylvania 177018001770180001770 1800 vol IsI1 Towantowandatowandapdasdap pennsylvania star prints 1913 hunterhunters william Eee edward hunterfaithfulhunter faithful stewardstewards ed janath russell cannon salt lake city mrs william EsE hunterhunters 197019700 jenson andrew s encyclopedic hishistorytory of the church of jesus chritchristchrisI1 t ofgf latterlalatterdaytterater dadayy saints salt lake citycihy utah deseret news publishing cooscocoop 194119410

0 latter day saint biographical encyclopedia volsvoisvolsevoise IIVI IV salt lake city utautahh 0 deseret news 190119261901192601901 192619260 johnsonjohnsont benjamin foF nzlifelsmy lifes review Independenindependencecescep missouri zions printing and publishing costcoatco cec 19419477 journal of discourses ad3d rutoprptoprptapt 1964 vol Is london feF doD and soS woW richardsrichardso 1854 largy galegaiegalesgaiesgaley and others in roseville A socio0.0 0 life sociboci historicalhigtorical portrait mansfield pennsylvania bailey printing Compcompanyanys 197319730 lyman albertalberhalberto amasa mason lyman trailblazer and pioneerfrompioneer from the atlantic to the pacific delta utah melvin AsA lyman madesmedosMD 1957 mcdonaldmcdonaldfmcdonalddMc donna compcompecompo and ededeedo directory historical Donaldf 0 societies and agencies in the uniteduni ted states and canada g 1973741973 74 nashville the american association for state and local history and Maynarmaynarddp massachusetts t inforonicsinforonicss incasincincos 197319730 McKierklebanklemanKiemanmckiemanmckiermanmckiernansMc nans fife mark the voice of one CXcryingyina in the wildernwildgrnwiidernes s sidneyS idneyadney rirl edonqdoncrdong relialgusbigusqigusqious reforeformerrmer 179318761793187601793 1876 lawrence kansas coronado press 197119719 mcknightMcKnightp william jamesjamesejameso A pioneer outline history of northwestern pennsylvania4 178018501780185001780 1850 philadelphia Jjo be lippincott company 190519050 meginnessmeoinnessp john fesfosfopF and john meaghermeaghers histohistory ofgf titioqatiogaqafaqcfa coC county 2 Ppennsylvaniaennsylvaniae Harrisharrisburgharrisburgsburgs reR brounbrown and company 189718970 171 nibley preston Bricbrighamrham younci g the man and hipyorkohiship yorko ad3d ededo Independenindependencecescep missouri zions printing & publishing cocoecoo 19441944e peterson clarence stewardstewards compcompecompa consolidated bibliography of county histories in fifty states in 1961eiggi1961 consolidated 193519611935 1961 Baltibaltimoremores genealogGenegenealogygenealogicalalog14 calcai publishing company 1963 pratt parley poP autobiograutobiographyarhvarav of parley parker prattipratto edede parley poP prattprattspratty jrjre saltlakesaltsait lake city deseret book comcompanypany 197019700 recordrecords eunice eeE curtis compcompecompo the ancestors and descendants of enos curticurtiscurcisg and ruth franklinfrankilnfrankiinklineklino utah pioneers17831964pioneers 178319641783 1964 and related famicamifamilieslieslles salt lake city eunice ceC record lnd3lnodoe reed john elmereimerelmereelmero history of erie county P pennsylvania volvoivolevoievolo io topeka and indi polissnapolisnapolissnanapolisso historical publishing company 1925 Robertrobertsrobertsssv beB H op ededeedw histerhistgrhistoryx of the churchurchCh of jesus chriachristt of latterlatterdaydavday lintsesaintslindsesp ad2d edeedo ed revreve volvoivoltvoit lielle119II11 salt lake city deseret book costcosscoesco 1969 sanford laura Gge the history of erie countycoimty2 186218620 Philaphiladelphiaphiladelphiasphiladelphiandelphias Jje beB lippincott and cocoscoo 1862 sexton john loslogL and others historbistorhistoryY of tioga county pennsylvaniapenngylvanias new york weW weW munsell and coescoosco 188318830 smith joseph fielding essentials in church higtghistory 0 salt lake citescitycitys deseret book company 195019500 smithsmiths lucy mack histouggHistohistoryUggof joseph smith 12yhisby his lothertmothertmothers ededeedo preston nibley salt lake city stevens and wallis incincopincog 194519459 standard reference map and guide ofgf pennsylvaniapennsxlvaniae chicago rand mcnally and company 197219720 trego charles beB geographygeoqra2hyofof pennspennsylvaniavanias philadelphia edward ceC briddlebriddieBriddlesieslep 184318439 united states census ofgf 1850 copy in the home of william and rhoda ladd wellsboroweilweliWellweilswelisWellswellsboropsboroborosborop pennsylvaniapennsylvaniaepennsylvanian younayoung watsonwatsons elden jay manuscrimanuscriptManuscri R histouofhistory of Bricbricrhambrighambrig2amrham Y 180118441801184491801 184418449 salt lake city smith secretarial serviceservices 196819680 172 whitman benjaminbenjamine Nnelsons21sonts21sontssongs bioabiographicalbaioarachicra2hical Dictiondictionaryaa and historical eefbeefreferencearencqrencg bookbogk ofgf erie countycguntyg pennpennsyl-no vania erie pennsylvania seS beB nelson 1896 whitneywhitneyt orson foF life of heber ceC Kimkimballbailsballo ath4th ededsede 1945 P Saitsaltsait lake city bookcraft 1973

beB newspapers AND periodicals deseret news salt lake city VIIIPVIII nonoenow 4 eriggagettoerieerle gazette may 66pap 1830july1830 july 1831 p september 1831 october18319october 183118319 april 1832 may 1832 january march 183318330 thgetheohgeveningevening andand mornmorning1na star elndinEIneindependencereindependencedependenceindependence missourimissouri 1831832183218332 183318339 june 1832september1832 september 1834 gifford informer bountiful utah may 1975 viivvilliivVII nonoenow 101 journal of Histhistorygrysgrypgnyp XI july 1918 XII january 1919 XIII october 1920e1920 latterlatterdaytterater davsdaysday saints mesMegmegsengemessengersengeraand advocatecate ckirtlandkirtland QJ 183418371834183701834 183718370 millenniamillennial1 starstadtstarrstant XXV xxvioXXVI the philadejrphiladelphiaia bulletin summer 197419749 timestimea and seasons nauvoo illinoisillinoisjojo vieviavlaVI

CsC JOURNALSJOURNALSO DIARIES AND biographies bamesbarness lorenzo Jourjournalnalonaio MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments march 1812may1812 may 18351855 carter jared journal MSS in LDS church historical departmentDepartmentemento january 1831january1831 january 26 1833

4 Coltricoltrin0 ns zebedee diaries MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments 183218331832 1833 183318341833 1834 grant jedediah meM journal MSS in LDS church historical Departdepartmentmentemento 183618360 greenegreenep evan meM Journjournalsalseaisealso MSS in LDS church historical department january 15 1833april1833 april 101 183518350 173 histories of the twelvetwelves salt lake city utahutahs historical departmentD of the church microfilm copy cal856ca18560 hyde orson Jourjournalnalenaienalo MSS in LDS church historical department february lt1 1832de1832december1832 decemberdecember 22 1832 martin moses journaljournals MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments 183418340 partridge edward journal MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments june 2 1835 Typetypescriptscripts pratt orson diary MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments june 11011 1833may1833 may 6 1834 snowsnows erastusErastusetusa an autobiography dictated to his son franklin reR snow in the year 1875 e MSS in LDS church historical department journal MSS in LDS church historical department 1818december1818 december 183718370 Typetypescriptscripts journal A short abridgement of erastus snow journal MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments strong elial biographical sketch handwritten MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments wight lyman written to wilford woodruff 9 mo letter dated mountainetainntain valley 9 texastexasstepass august 24 1857 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments salt lake city utah

doD unpublished GRADUATE STUDIES ellsworth samuel george A history of mormon missions in the united states and canada 183018601830186001830 1860 11t unpublished phd dissertation university of california at berkeley 1951 parkinparkinsparking max heH A study of the nature and causes of external and internal conflict of the mormons in ohio between 1830 and 1838 11 unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1966 Peterpetersonpetersonssonssono orlen curtis A history of the schools and educational programs of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in ohio and missourimissouritMissomissouriaurituris 1831- 183918390 00 unpublished Mastmasterserts thesis brigham young university 1972 9 174 porterporters larry ciscinC A study of the origins of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in the states of new york and pennsylvania 18161831181618161831111831111831 t unpublished phd dissertationdissertations brigham young university 197119710 tagg melvin soS A history of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in canadacanadas 183019631830196301830 1963 unpublished phd dissertationdissertations brigham young un- veriversitysity provo utahutahs 196319630

D camp MA talbot 9 wilhurnwilburn do zions unpublished thesis brigham young university 19730 wightman philip C the life and contributions of lyman wightwighteate unpublished MA thesis brigham young university 197119719 williams richard shelton the missionary movements of the LDS church in new Englanenglanddv 183018501830 1850 unpublished MA thesis brigham young university 196919690

eoE OTHER SOURCES archive records LDS church genealogical society library salt lake city utah county assessment books bradford county bradford 0 courthouse atticattics Towandavtowanda Pennsylvapennsylvanianiao broadside western reserve teachers seminary and kirtland institute kirtland july 25 183818380 on display at the reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day saints visitor center on the grounds of the kirtland templetempie bullockbullocks thomasthomasethomaso zions camp roll of october 12p12 186418640 MSS in LDS church historical departmentdepartments church of lo10L doD saints philaephi la book of minutes and other branch records of the philadelphia branch 184018541840 1854 in the reorganized church of jesus christ of latter day saints church historians vaultvaulto deed index bradford county 181218761812187601812 18761876o bradford county courthousecourthouses towanda pennsylvania

p erie county erie county courthousecourthouses erie county Pennsylvapennsylvaniaopennsylvamaopennsylvanianniaomao 175 tioga county tioga county courthousecourthouses weilweliwellsboroWellwellsbokovweilswelisWellssborobokosbokov pennsylvania early church information file genealogical society library salt lake city utah jenjensonsonssong andrevandrewandrews compcompecompa pennsylvania as a latterlatterdayday saint missionary field MSS in the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints historical department in salt lake city enedeloenedeliond journal history of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints MSS in IDSLDS church historical departmentdepartments december 22 1832 letter frommrstfromMfrom mrsrst robert IsI1 katharine cummin secretary of the randor historical society wayne pennsylvania july ils11 1974 referring to the records of the loverlowertower merionmerlonmorion baptist church on photostaticphotostatic copy in the historical society of pennsylvania from cindy GodgodshallshailoshallO a member of the church in lancaster who researched her wards early history lancaster pennsylvania august 12p12 197419740 from ira deD landislandiss secretary of the lancaster mennonite conference historical society lancaster pennsylvania july 31 197419740 mapmaps bradford county planning hapipmapmapip 1 I bradford county planning commission generalhighwaygeneral highway map of bradfordbradfordadfordcountycounty pennsylvania pennsylvania department of highways 196419640

e map of the state of pennsylvania in the LDS church Liblibrarylibraryslibrarysrarys salt lake city utah

fe school district map of ridgeburyRidgebury county 186018701860 1870 photograph in possession of the author of a 1963 photostaticphotostatic copy of a 1944 photograph of the mapmapsmape

0 map of tioga county commonwealth of pennsyl- vaniahvaniavaniap department of Highhighwayswayss harrisburg september 196419640

1 0 ridgeburyRidgebury township school directorsdirectors1 minute bookbooks in the possession of gladys Burnbumhamburmhamburnhamphamshamp bentley creekcreeks pennsylvania 176 statement of james eeE andrusandruss now of ogdenogdeneogdenp utahutahs andoand prior to 196619660 of bradford county pennsylvania in a telephone interview with the authorauthors ogden utahutahs july 24024 197519759 of mrs james gladys burnham in a personal interviewinterviews bentley creekcreekscreeky pennsylvania august lo101 1974197440 her source of information was william leffingwell a grandson of john walshwaishwalshewalsho of mrs walter lucy fuller in a personal interview albion Pennsylpennsylvaniavanias july 25 197419740 of raymond Gregregorygorys a native9 of nauvoo in a personal interview 9 nauvoo pennsylvania august 2sas2 1974 of francis strong helman granddaughter of dan strong in a personal interview indiana pennsyl- vaniavanlavania august 10 197419740 of gene and helen mccracken long time residents and historians of bradford county inI1 a personal interviewinterviews towanda pennsylvania july 27 197419740 whitakerohiohlwhi taker david J 1fitoto further the cause of righteousness the life and contributions of benjamin winchesterWinchestersterp early mormon Missionmissionaryarysarye it unpublished essay in the possession of the author missionary activities AND CHURCH organizations IN pennsylvania 183018401830 1840

veV alan curtis department of church history and doctrdoctrinedocari ne MAmaemag degree april 1976

A ABSTRACT during most of the 1830st1830 the church was head- quartered at kirtland ohio the thrust of her missionary effort toward the populous east came from that centercenters the impact of that proselyting work on ohiosohio neighboring state pennsylvaniapennsylvanibiPennsylvaniasnibsniBi is the subject of this thesis this study is concerned with the background and history of the missionary work in pennsylvania as a part of the greater history of the church in the 1830tso1830 this thesis is also concerned with the results of that missionary work pennsyl- vaniavanlavania provided missionaries to teach in new yorkyorksyorko new england 9 canada and elsewhere and laid the foundation in philadelphia for the missionary work along the east coast some of her native sons were the converts who settled in missouri and joined in the march of zionszion camp the impact of the church in an area so close to kirtland is interesting to observeobserves over fifty missionaries taught thousands and recorded the baptisms of over eight hundred souls during the decade converts ffromrom the state include edward hunter and jedediah M grantgrantegranto pennsylvania missionaries counted BricbricibricfhambricrhamBricfbrickhamhamrham younayounq and heber coC kimball among thpirshpir baptisbaptismsmso COMMITTEE APPROVALAPPROVALS Z 1 74 larry ceC 46erycoierZerzcommitteeerpCommittee chairman

donald aeqeQ cannoncannonsaa9 2acommittee member z el ew lug as c larntlarry toc barterbdrtertersterp actingAc1ytf7ing department chairman