DOCSLIB.ORG

User Guide to 1:250,000 Scale Lunar Maps

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
User Guide to 1:250,000 Scale Lunar Maps CORE https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750010068Metadata, citation 2020-03-22T22:26:24+00:00Z and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NASA Technical Reports Server USER GUIDE TO 1:250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS (NASA-CF-136753) USE? GJIDE TO l:i>,, :LC h75- lu1+3 SCALE LUNAR YAPS (Lumoalcs Feseclrch Ltu., Ottewa (Ontario) .) 24 p KC 53.25 CSCL ,33 'JIACA~S G3/31 11111 DANNY C, KINSLER Lunar Science Instltute 3303 NASA Road $1 Houston, TX 77058 Telephone: 7131488-5200 Cable Address: LUtiSI USER GUIDE TO 1: 250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS GENERAL In 1972 the NASA Lunar Programs Office initiated the Apollo Photographic Data Analysis Program. The principal point of this program was a detailed scientific analysis of the orbital and surface experiments data derived from Apollo missions 15, 16, and 17. One of the requirements of this program was the production of detailed photo base maps at a useable scale. NASA in conjunction with the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) commenced a mapping program in early 1973 that would lead to the production of the necessary maps based on the need for certain areas. This paper is designed to present in outline form the neces- sary background informatiox or users to become familiar with the program. MAP FORMAT * The scale chosen for the project was 1:250,000 . The re- search being done required a scale that Principal Investigators (PI'S) using orbital photography could use, but would also serve PI'S doing surface photographic investigations. Each map sheet covers an area four degrees north/south by five degrees east/west. The base is compiled from vertical Metric photography from Apollo missions 15, 16, and 17. In isolated instances the Apollo oblique metric, Apollo panoramic, and Lunar Orbiter photography were used to fill small gaps or to extend imagery to include features that were the basis for sheet names. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the area covered by the vertical metric photography. The numbering system for the series is based on the existing 1:1,000,000 Lunar Astronautical Charts (LAC). Each LAC Region is divided into four provinces lettered A, B, C, or D. Each province is then divided lnto quarters numbered 1, 2, 3, or 4. The sheet number for each 1:250,000 scale map consists of the LAC number, a province letter, and the number of the quarter. The following "Sheet Numbering Guide" illustrates LAC 58 subdivided into its corresponding 1:250,000 scale map sheets. * A scale statement like this simply means 1 unit of measure on the map equals 250,000 of the same units on the moon. (1" on the map equals 250,000" on the moon). FAR SIDE SHEET NUMBERING GUIDE Figures 3 and 4 locate the 1:250,000 scale maps published through January 1975. Table 1 gives map name in numerical order, and Table 2 gives map name in alphabetical order. Each 1:250,000 scale map sheet is available in two forms: 1. Lunar Topographic Orthophotomap (LTO) 2. Lunar Oxthophotomap (LO) The basic photographic coverage for the LTO and LO maps is the orthophotomosaic. The LTO contains the grid, names data, and relief represented by contours, elevations, and other relief symbolization as required. The LO contains only the orthophoto- mosaic base with exterior grid ticks and values. Map sheets published after 1 May 1974 have lines of longitude numbered 0' to 360' east. Latitude will still be measured in degrees North or South of the equator. A "conversion tablew (Table 3) is included to illustrate the new procedure. 1 f n * f k b k 8 1 I11 1111 Ill1 Ill I k i 525:;ggononon- - - -.-.-*-. zj;;z:gg 8 f 1- - non 83;; iif - . --.- . - - i f 398: k k nnnn o c U 5553 rtm - . 0, - .-.- . - E'b 3 $;:s !! Y og k. --m E' k onon -?_O-O 2ggs 2:: ;- g - 4-s - .-1- - 0 0 x" :.;.!is r C'"y ' - P k ono .-. *Z + .@ *UU... : 3.2$- - - &"" 2 - .-* " 55"o ZUV. c. U b - t Oh " $Zs,u.! 5 0 fz z" EX5 .. n us - - . - - a gsz 0 fz "I°+ g 5 d t. %+ 0.s 8 .-. x f ii S mgz - - a i r r. r. 9. 0 o W.1";: b, a a z 5u2u=TI mu d - -. - 0 3 2 .E a a s - h h i i Y - - - I i Y 8 e. a ,. 8 B - Z 2 - i;i P . P - i-. i i i 8. a - - i2. j2 I 111 IIII Ill1 1 I I z z b n 3 k 2 j, FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 LUNAR TOPO- .ORTHOPHOTOMAPS - 1: 2 50,000 SCALE Humason Deseilligny Curtis Nielsen Clerke Shapley Freud Dawes Tebbu t t Zinner Brackett Fahrenheit Krieger Hornsby Condorce t Angst rtjm Bessel Krogh Pr inz Menelaus Auzou t Vaisala Sulpicius Gallus Firmicus Fedorov Dubyago Delisle Pomortsev Diophantus Condon Artsimovich Hill Proclus Abbot Caven tou Carmichael aaly McDonald Ameghino Lanibe r t Littrow Smi thson LaHire Franck Theophras tus Knox- Shaw Sampson Vitruvius Tachinni Lands teiner Peek Kovalevsk i j Ecker t Schubert He inrich Pe irce Boe thius Daubree Nobili Auwers Respighi Spurr Beer 60B-1 Plinius 64D-1 Nunn 60B-2 Jansen 640-2 Erro JOY 64D-3 Fox Hadley 61A-1 Ca jal 64D-4 McAdie 61A-2 Lucian Conon 61A-3 Cauchy 65A-3 Guyot Galen Bowen 61B-1 Lye11 65B-4 Recht angel ' 618-2 Glaisher 61B-3 Watts 65C-1 King Wallace 61B-4 DaVinci 65C-4 Zanstra Huxley 61C-1 Lawrence 65D-2 Katchalsky Bant ing 61C- 2 Cameron 65D-3 Abul Wafa ~innd 61C-3 Anville 61C-4 Secchi 66A-3 Rutherford Very Sarabhai 62A-1 Yerkes 668-4 Glauber TABLE 1 Fischer Morley 102B-2 Isaev mclaurin 102B-3 Andronov Bergman Acos ta 102D-1 Stark Scheele Somerville Norman 103A-1 Grave ~l-Marrakushi 103A-4 Raspletin Win throp Rank ine Bonpland Gilbert Guericke Haldane Eppinger Runge Kuiper Widmannstatten Kiess Albatengnius Ha 1ley Kreiken Hou tennans Davy Ammonius purkynZ Wyld Alfraganus Ludwig Hirayarna Torricelli Hypa t i T. Brunner Ganski j Kan t Mh'dler Dan jon Dobrovolski j And61 Delporte Descartes Sherrington Leakey V0l)cov Capella Isidorus Lubbock Litke Messier Tsiolkovskij Amon tons Borealis Gu tenberg Ts iolkovsk i j Australis Daguerre Babak in Gaudibert Neu jmin Geikie Waterman Webb Bilharz Pa tsaev Lindbergh Fesenkov LUNAR TOPO-ORTHOPHOTOMAPS - 1:250,000 Abbot DavY Abul Wafa Dawes Acos ta Delisle Alba tegn ius Delporte Alfranganus Descartes Al-Marrakushi Deseilligny Ameghino Diophan tus Amrnonius Dobrovolskij Amontons Dubyago ~nd&l Andronov Ecker t Angs trom Erro Anville Eppinger Artsimovich Auwers Fahrenheit Auzou t Fedorov Fesenkov Babak in Firmi&s Banting Fischer Beer Fox Bessel Franck Bergman Freud Bilharz Boe thius Galen Fonpland Ganski j Bwen Gaudibert Bracke tt Geikie Brunner Gilbert Glaisher Ca jal Glauber Cameron Grave Capella Guericke Carmichael Gutenberg Cauchy Guyot Caven tou Clerke Hadley Condon Haldane Condorce t Halley Conon Heinrich Curtis Hill Hirayama Daguerre Hornsby Daly Hou termans Dan jon Humason Daubree Huxley DaVinci Hypa t ia TABLE 2 Isaev Prinz Is idorus Proclus Pupin Jansen ~urkynd JOY Rank ine Kant Rasplet in Katchalsky Recht Kiess Respighi King Runge i<nox-Shaw Rutherford Kovalevski j Kre iken Sampson Krieger Sarabhai Krogh Scheele Kuiper Schubert Secchi LaHire Shapley Lambert Sherrington Landsteiner Smi thson Lawrence Somerville Leakey Spurr leMonnier Stark Lindbergh Sulpicius Gallu ~innd Litke Tachinni Littrow Tebbu t t Lubbock Theophrastus Lucian Titius Ludwig Torricelli Lyell Ts iolkovskij Australis Maclaur in Borealis Mgdler McAdie V8isSlS McDonald Very Menelaus Vitruvius Messier Volkov Morley Wallace Neujnin Wa terman Nielsen Watts Nobili Webb Norman Widm8nns tatten Nunn Winthrop Wyld Patsaev Peek Yangel ' Peirce Yerkes Plinius Pomortsev Zanstra Zinner Example : 1% is now 359' 2OW is now 358', etc. The medium scale (1:250,000) Lunar Orthophotomaps (LO) and Lunar Topographic Orthophotomaps (LTO) contain two grids: (1) Geographic Coordinate System and (2) Lunar Transverse Mercator (LTM) Grid Sys tem. 1. Geographic Coordinate System The origin of the system is referenced to the center cf (1 crater Mesting A (3'10'47" S latitude, 355'09'50" longitude) . Lines of longitude are numbered 0' to 360' east as referenced to the origin of longitude (NASA adopted this procedure for maps published after 1 May 1974); lines of latitude are numbered 0' to 90' progressively north and south from the lunar equator. On the face of t' map each lointerval is shown as a black line extend- ing across the map, and labeled in the margin with its value. The southwest corner of each sheet is appropriately labeled with cardinal directions. 2. Lunar Transverse Mercator Grid System (LTM) The LTM system consists of equally spaced paxallel lines intersecting at right angles to form 10,000- xeter souares . The (l)M6sting A is the fundamental crater for sel3nographic measures. It is a %:mallbright crater located closest to the center of the disk. CONVERSION TABLE TABLE 3 north-south grid lines are designated as ''Easting" (E) lines and the east-west grid lines as "Northing" (N) lines. The primary value of the LTM system is that it enables a user to reference a discrete point on a map without plotting degrees, minutes, and seconds as with the Geographic Coordinate System. The LTM grid system was developed by dividing the moon in 5' zones nunibered consecutively 1 through 72 starting with Zone 1 at 180'-18S0, Zone 2 at 185'-190°, etc. (Figure 5). The central meridian for each zone is assigned the coordinate value of 100,000 meters easting. Example : - The central meridian for Zone 1 is located midway between 180' and 185' or 182'30' and has a coordinate value of lOO,OOO meters easting.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chronicle 2004
    The Annual Magazine of King Edward's School, Birmingham CHRONICLE 2004 CONTENTS Hellos 5 Goodbyes 16 Features 22 Dram a 38 Trips 43 Words and Pictures 62 Music 76 Houses 80 Societies 86 Sport 90 K€S Chronicle 2004 The Editorial Team Hellos & Goodbyes Matthew Gammie Features Matthew Hosty Trips Euan Stirling & Oliver Carter Drama Peter Wozniak Music Tom Cadigan Words Charles Butler Houses Amit Sinha Societies Jamie Sunderland Sport Philip Satterthwaite, Amer Shafi, & Vidu Shanmugarajah Cover Elliot Weaver Banners Tarsem Madhar Staff Tom Hosty Editorial Chronicle is the work of a large number of people. Most immediately we have to thank Sandra Bürden at the Resources Centre, who assembles the pages on her computer and who is to thank for much of the fine detail of the magazine's final appearance: I am hugely indebted to her for her energy, initiative and attention to detail. Earlier in the chain stand the section editors, whose job is to round up copy and pictures for their sections and devise the running order and general page layouts for that section. They also have to go in for a good deal of rewriting: prolixity must be trimmed, irrelevance eliminated, errors put right and facetiousness filtered out. To be a good editor requires not only a good ear for language and a high level of compétence in written English: it also calls for patience and good humour in the actual pursuit of material. Mirabile dictu, it sometimes happens that contributors to the magazine are strong on promises but weak on performance. This year's editors have been terrifie.
    [Show full text]
  • Monadnock Vol. 45 | June 1971
    THE MONADNOCK I - L. .RK UNIVERSITY Vol. XLV )GRAPHICAL SOCIETY June, 1971 THE MQNADNOCK Volume XIN Editor, Edwin T. Wei5e, Jr. Aaooite Editor5 James FOnSeOa Kirsten Haring David Seairøn Photoqzapher, Ernie Wight ypists Ronnie Mason Phyllis sczynski 323812 ii ‘7f THE MONADNOCK CONTENTs . 2 DIRECT0I MESSAGE THE JESUITS IN NORTH AMERICA: A STUDY . IN ENVIRONMENTAL COCEUALIZATI Eenry Aay 4 STRUCTURE IN TRANSACTION SYSTEMS. .Christopher Clayton 9 CULTURE AND AGRICULTURE ON THE ANEPJCAN NTIER Brad Baltensperger 22 THE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO SPATIAL THEORY Kang-tsung Chang 30 AROHITECTURE AND GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES: A REVIEW Stephen Hobart 36 AN ESSAY ON GROWTH POLE THEORY B. David Miller 40 MIND, MEANING, AND MILIEU: PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED AND DESIGRED ENVIRONMENTS Ernest A. Wight Jr 43 SPATIAL DYNAMICS IN CLASSICAL LOCATION THEORY Alfred Hecht 52 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY 56 ALUMNI NEWS 65 A N(YTE ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE 80 :1 DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE This academic year is very special for Geography at Clark, marking the fiftieth year of the founding of the Graduate School of Geography by Wallace W. Atwood. Dedication of the new Geography facilities — with special recognition to the memory of John K. Wright, Historical Geographer and Geosophist, an adopted son of Clark — is one appropriate mode of celebration. Another mark of the occasion is the honor accorded to two major figures in American Geography: Clark could not have chosen two more distinguished geographers than Richard Hartshorne and Samuel Van Valkenburg on whom were bestowed .1 . - Honorary Doctorates of Law at the anniversary ceremonies of April .17th. Very different in their contributions and their characters, Richard Hartshorne provided American geography with its philosophic and method ological rationale and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
    NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International T U T T L E , V Ir G in Ia G R a C E
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material subm itted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy.
    [Show full text]
  • General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19710025504 2020-03-11T22:36:49+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 6 X t B ICC"m date: July 16, 1971 955 L'Enfant Plaza North, S. W Washington, D. C. 20024 to Distribution B71 07023 from. J. W. Head suhiecf Derivation of Topographic Feature Names in the Apollo 15 Landing Region - Case 340 ABSTRACT The topographic features in the region of the Apollo 15 landing site (Figure 1) are named for a number of philosophers, explorers and scientists (astronomers in particular) representing periods throughout recorded history. It is of particular interest that several of the individuals were responsible for specific discoveries, observations, or inventions which considerably advanced the study and under- standing of the moon (for instance, Hadley designed the first large reflecting telescope; Beer published classic maps and explanations of the moon's surface).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Exposures
    Table of Exposures Dole UT Focal Emulsion Exposure Moon's age Plate Nos. ralio sec. days 08.11.65 2132· f/29 Kodak 0.250 Plole 0.4 15.3 7e/2 08.01.66 2228 f/24 Kodak 0.250 Plate 0.31 17.0 3b, 15e 31.01.66 1947 1/24 Kodak 0.250 Plale 0.3 10.1 5b 02.02.66 1944 f/24 Kodak 0.250 Plote 0.25 12.1 7b, 8b 06.02.66 2326 1/24 Kodak 0.250 Plole 0.2 16.3 14c,16b 05.03.66 2259 1/41 IIford Zenith Plole 0.1 13 .5 lOe/l 27.04.66 2152 1/24 lIford G.30 Plate 0.5 6.9 150 28.04.66 2046 f/30 lIford G.30 Pia Ie 0.8 7.9 10,130 23.05.66 2033 f/24 Kodak 0.250 Plole 0.7 3.4 15e/2 23.05,66 2034 f/24 Kodak 0.250 Plate 0.7 3.4 3e/2,4b 23.05.66 2036 1/24 Kodak 0.250 Plate 0.7 3.4 16e 28.05.66 2122 1/30 IIford G.30 Plole 0.8 8.4 140 29.05.66 2103 1/30 IIford G.30 Plate 0.8 9.4 2e 23.06.66 2109 f/24 lIford G.30 Pia Ie 1.0 5.0 160 06.08.66 0211 f/30 Illord G.30 Pia Ie 0.7 18.9 2b 06.08.66 0215 1/30 IIford G.30 Plale 0.7 18.9 lb, 13b 09.08.66 0315 1/30 IIlord G.30 Plate 1.1 23.8 50,60 09.08.66 03 17 1/30 Ilford G.30 Plate 1.1 23.8 90, 91/2, 11 b, 12e/l 06.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Science : a Lunar Perspective
    APPENDICES APPENDIX I Reference Abbreviations AJS: American Journal of Science Ancient Sun: The Ancient Sun: Fossil Record in the Earth, Moon and Meteorites (Eds. R. 0.Pepin, et al.), Pergamon Press (1980) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Suppl. 13 Ap. J.: Astrophysical Journal Apollo 15: The Apollo 1.5 Lunar Samples, Lunar Science Insti- tute, Houston, Texas (1972) Apollo 16 Workshop: Workshop on Apollo 16, LPI Technical Report 81- 01, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (1981) Basaltic Volcanism: Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets, Per- gamon Press (1981) Bull. GSA: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America EOS: EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union EPSL: Earth and Planetary Science Letters GCA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta GRL: Geophysical Research Letters Impact Cratering: Impact and Explosion Cratering (Eds. D. J. Roddy, et al.), 1301 pp., Pergamon Press (1977) JGR: Journal of Geophysical Research LS 111: Lunar Science III (Lunar Science Institute) see extended abstract of Lunar Science Conferences Appendix I1 LS IV: Lunar Science IV (Lunar Science Institute) LS V: Lunar Science V (Lunar Science Institute) LS VI: Lunar Science VI (Lunar Science Institute) LS VII: Lunar Science VII (Lunar Science Institute) LS VIII: Lunar Science VIII (Lunar Science Institute LPS IX: Lunar and Planetary Science IX (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute LPS X: Lunar and Planetary Science X (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute) LPS XI: Lunar and Planetary Science XI (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute) LPS XII: Lunar and Planetary Science XII (Lunar and Planetary Institute) 444 Appendix I Lunar Highlands Crust: Proceedings of the Conference in the Lunar High- lands Crust, 505 pp., Pergamon Press (1980) Geo- chim.
    [Show full text]
  • DMAAC – February 1973
    LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2006
    OCTOBER 2 0 0 6 �������������� http://www.universetoday.com �������������� TAMMY PLOTNER WITH JEFF BARBOUR 283 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1 In 1897, the world’s largest refractor (40”) debuted at the University of Chica- go’s Yerkes Observatory. Also today in 1958, NASA was established by an act of Congress. More? In 1962, the 300-foot radio telescope of the National Ra- dio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) went live at Green Bank, West Virginia. It held place as the world’s second largest radio scope until it collapsed in 1988. Tonight let’s visit with an old lunar favorite. Easily seen in binoculars, the hexagonal walled plain of Albategnius ap- pears near the terminator about one-third the way north of the south limb. Look north of Albategnius for even larger and more ancient Hipparchus giving an almost “figure 8” view in binoculars. Between Hipparchus and Albategnius to the east are mid-sized craters Halley and Hind. Note the curious ALBATEGNIUS AND HIPPARCHUS ON THE relationship between impact crater Klein on Albategnius’ southwestern wall and TERMINATOR CREDIT: ROGER WARNER that of crater Horrocks on the northeastern wall of Hipparchus. Now let’s power up and “crater hop”... Just northwest of Hipparchus’ wall are the beginnings of the Sinus Medii area. Look for the deep imprint of Seeliger - named for a Dutch astronomer. Due north of Hipparchus is Rhaeticus, and here’s where things really get interesting. If the terminator has progressed far enough, you might spot tiny Blagg and Bruce to its west, the rough location of the Surveyor 4 and Surveyor 6 landing area.
    [Show full text]
  • First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
    FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARS POLAR SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION Held at The Episcopal Conference Center at Carnp Allen, Texas Sponsored by Geological Survey of Canada International Glaciological Society Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Organizers Stephen Clifford, Lunar and Planetary Institute David Fisher, Geological Survey of Canada James Rice, NASA Ames Research Center LPI Contribution No. 953 Compiled in 1998 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (1998) Title of abstract. In First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, p. xx. LPI Contribution No. 953, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1 113 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. LPI Contribution No. 953 iii Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, October 18-22? 1998. The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of Terrestrial Members E. Blake (Icefield Instruments), G. Clow (U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, Denver), D. Dahl-Jensen (University of Copenhagen), K. Kuivinen (University of Nebraska), J.
    [Show full text]
  • Viscosity from Newton to Modern Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
    Viscosity from Newton to Modern Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics S´ebastien Viscardy Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, 3, Avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium Abstract In the second half of the 19th century, the kinetic theory of gases has probably raised one of the most impassioned de- bates in the history of science. The so-called reversibility paradox around which intense polemics occurred reveals the apparent incompatibility between the microscopic and macroscopic levels. While classical mechanics describes the motionof bodies such as atoms and moleculesby means of time reversible equations, thermodynamics emphasizes the irreversible character of macroscopic phenomena such as viscosity. Aiming at reconciling both levels of description, Boltzmann proposed a probabilistic explanation. Nevertheless, such an interpretation has not totally convinced gen- erations of physicists, so that this question has constantly animated the scientific community since his seminal work. In this context, an important breakthrough in dynamical systems theory has shown that the hypothesis of microscopic chaos played a key role and provided a dynamical interpretation of the emergence of irreversibility. Using viscosity as a leading concept, we sketch the historical development of the concepts related to this fundamental issue up to recent advances. Following the analysis of the Liouville equation introducing the concept of Pollicott-Ruelle resonances, two successful approaches — the escape-rate formalism and the hydrodynamic-mode method — establish remarkable relationships between transport processes and chaotic properties of the underlying Hamiltonian dynamics. Keywords: statistical mechanics, viscosity, reversibility paradox, chaos, dynamical systems theory Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Irreversibility 3 2.1 Mechanics. Energyconservationand reversibility . ........................ 3 2.2 Thermodynamics.
    [Show full text]