II ellAWA% BIBLIOGRAPHIES 6

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPORTANT

(PISCES:CICHLIDAE) FOR AQUACULTURFInformation variabilis,O. andersonka esculentus,O. leucostictus, SCk3nces mortimeri3O.spllurus niger,Sarotherodon melanotheron Arch; /al Copy 041_ and sparmand

PETER SCHOENEN

ARCHIV

66262 iNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT pr-.1.tiODICALI

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPORTANT TILAPIAS (PISCES: CICHLIDAE) FOR AQUACULTURE Oreochromis variabilis, O. andersonii, O. esculentus, O. leucostictus, O. mortimeri, O. spilurus niger, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia sparrmanii

Peter Schoenen international Collection " Papers" The Reference Service Parkstr. 15 IrmINIMININ11111MINIMINIIIIIMMI111111111 D-5176 Inden 4 IDRC LIBRARY Federal Republic of Germany BILIOTmtouf

OQT e , OTTAWA

1985

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Contents

Preface iv

Acknowledgements iv

Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) variabilis 1 Bibliography 2 Subject Index 9

Geograph ic I ndex 11

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) andersonii 12 Bibliography 13 Subject Index 20 Geographic Index 22

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) esculentus 23 Bibliography 24 Subject Index 33 Geographic Index 35

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) leucostic tus 36 Bibliography 37 Subject Index 47 Geographic Index 49

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) mortimeri 51 Bibliography 52 Subject Index 56

Geographic I ndex 57

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) spilurus niger 58 Bibliography 59

Subject I ndex 64

Geographic I ndex 65

Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron 67 Bibliography 68 Subject Index 78

Geographic I ndex 81

Tilapia sparrmanii 82 Bibliography 84 Subject Index 96 Geographic Index 98

i ii Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) variabilis (Boulenger, 1906) (formerly: Tilapia variabilis)

first described by: Boulenger,G.A. 1906 "Description of new Fishes discovered by Mr. E. Degen in " Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,Ser. 7, Vol. 17: 433-452 (Tilapia variabilis)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia galilaea (part) Pellegrin,J. 1905 "Mission scientifique de Ch. Alluaud en Afrique orientale (juin 1903 - mai 1904) Poissons. II. Systbmatique" M6m.Soc.Zool.France,17,1904:174-185

Tilapia (Loruwiala) variabilis Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14: i-xl + 406 PP

Sarotherodon variabilis various authors

1 3

011 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1938 "Utilizing the natural Resources of Lake Victoria for the benefit of Fisheries and Agriculture" Nature,London, 181(4624)0634-1636

012 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1960 "Utilizing the natural resources of Lalce Victoria for the benefit of both fisheries and agriculture" :357-362 in: IUCN, 7th Techn.Meeting, Athens, Sept. 1958, Vol. 4 "Soil and water conservation"

013 Benda,R.S. 1981 "A comparison of bottom trawl catch rates in the Kenya waters of Lake Victoria" J.Fish Biol.,18:609-613

014 Bergstrand,E. & Cordone,A.J. 1971 "Exploratory Bottom Trawling in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,1(1):13-23

015 Beverton,R.J.H. 1959 "Report on the state of the Lake Victoria Fisheries" Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft,U.K. (mimeo.)

016 Boulenger,G.A. 1907 "The Fishes of the Nile" in: Anderson's Zoology of Egypt Publ. for the Egyptian Govnm., H. Rees, Ltd., London 578 PP 017 Boulenger,G.A. 1911 "On a third collection of Fishes made by Dr. E. Bayon in Uganda" Ann.Mus.Civ.Stor.Nat.Genova,Ser. 3,Vol. 5:64-78

018 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 "Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit.Mus.(Nat. Hist.), London Vol. III, 526 pp

019 Copley,H. 1952 "The Tilapiaa of Kenya Colony" East Afr.Agric.J.,18:30-34

020 Cridland,C.C. 1960 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp. I. The value of Various Foods" Hydrobiologia,15:135-160

021 Dobbs,C.M. 1927 "Fishing in the Kavirondo Gulf, Lake Victoria" J.East Afr.Uganda nat.Hist.Soc.,No. 30:97-109 6 pis

022 Fryer,G. 1960 "Observations on Tilapia variabilis and T. zillii" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1959, Appdx D:23-24

023 Fryer,G. 1960 "The Biology of Tilapia variabilis" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1960, Appdx B:18 5

037 Hamblyn,E.L. 1966 "A Note on the Inshore Fish Population of Napoleon Gulf (Lake Victoria)" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1965 Appdx B:23-35

038 Holden,M.J. 1955 "Ring formation in the scales of Tilapia variabilis Boulenger and Tilapia esculenta Gra- ham fram Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res. Org., Ann. Rep. for 1954/55, Appdx C:36-40 039 Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "Progress and present status of Aquaculture in Tanzania": 132-146 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/Rome, CIFA Tech.Pap. (4), Suppl. 1 791 pp

040 Kudhongania,W.A. 1973 "Past Trends and Recent Research on the Fisheries of Lake Victoria in Relation to Possible Future Developments" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.Spec.Issue 11:93-106

041 Kudhongania,A.W. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Batho-Spatial Distribution Pattern and Biomass Estimate of the Major Demersal Fishes in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3:17-31

042 Kudhongania,A. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Past trends, present stocks and possible future state of the fisheries of the Tanzania part of the Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3(2):167-181

043 Lockley,G.J. 1949 "The Families of Freshwater Fishes of Tan- ganyika Territory, with a Key to their Identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,14(4):212-218

044 Lowe,R.H. 1955 "New species of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Lake Jipe and the Pangani River, East Africa" Bull.Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist.),Zool., 2(12):349-368

045 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

046 Lowe (McConnell), R.H. 1956 "Observations on the Biology of Tilapia (Pisces-Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Suppl. Publ. No 1: 72 PP 047 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a Key for their identifications, East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264

048 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" East Afr.Agric.J.,21(1):45-52 7

060 Rinne,J.N. 1976 nCoded Spine Clipping to Identify Individuals of the Spiny-Rayed Fish Tilapia J.Fish.Res.Board Can.,33(11):2626-2629 061 Rinne,J.N. & Wanjala,B. 1982 "Observations on movement patterns of Tilapia spp. in Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, East Africa!, J.Fish Biol.,20:317-322

062 Ruwet,J.C1.; Voss,J.; Hanon,L. & Micha,J.01. 1976 "Biologie et Elevage des Tilapia" :332-364 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/Rome CIFA Tech.Pap.(4), Suppl. 1, 791 pp (in French, English abstract: The Biology and Culti- vation of Tilapia)

063 Schoenen,P. 1979 "Die Gruppe der sogenannten "GeiBel-Tilapienn, Teil DOG-Info 10(3):52-57 (Journal of the Deutsche Cichli- den-Gesellschaft e.V.)

064 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Artenn E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp

065 Staeck,W. 1977 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten" Band II (Supplement) E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 296 pp ISBN 3-921677-05-X

066 Stolk,A. 1980 "Sprache der Fische" Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) 201 pp ISBN 3 7842 0225 X

067 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14 i-x]. 406 PP

068 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :412-422 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-00878-1

06 Wanjala,B. & Marten,G. 1974 "Survey of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep., Appdx G: 81-85

070 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Diagnoses and Key to the Juvenile of Tila- pia (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129-136

071 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The habitats and habitat preferences of the young of the Lake Victoria Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,70(1-2):1-28 Subject Index

Abundance 12. Economy 025 1.1. depth relationship 025 13. Eggs (Studies on .. .) (Oocytes, Oogenesis) 025, 048 Age 059 13.1. number 048 2.1. maximum age 025 13.2. size 048 Anadromesis 077 14. Evolution 045,056 Behaviour 001, 003, 004, 005, 006, 024, 025, 049, 066 Fecundity 045, 048 4.1. breeding behaviour 005, 006, 025, 049, 066 Fisheries 4.2. combat behaviour 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 019, 020, 021, 004 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 4.3. courtship 032, 035, 037, 039, 040, 041, 042, 045, 046, 050, 001, 003, 025 051, 054, 055, 057, 059, 062, 069, 074, 075, 076, 077 4.4. Nest making 025 16.1. Batho-Spatial distribution 041 4.5. reproductive behaviour 001 162. Biomass estimate 041 4.6. territorial behaviour 001 16.3. Breeding 068 4.7. young; behaviour of the 001,024 16.3.1. breeding biology 046 Bibliographies 16.3.2. breeding frequency 007, 009, 052, 067 024, 025 16.3.3. breeding intensity; seasonal changes Biology 024 009, 023, 024, 046, 062, 075 16.4. Brood size Bionomics 024 035 16.5. Brooding

Diseases/Parasites 16.5.1. brooding grounds 008, 024,025 024 16.5.2. brooding migrations Dispersal 025 024 16.6. Exploitation rates 9.1. post-breeding 055 025 16.7. Food 020, 025, 068 Distribution 068, 073 16.8. Growth 020, 025, 045, 059,068 10.1. geographic distribution 062 16.8.1. growth rate 024,046 Ecology 025,068 16.8.2. growth rate in different areas 025 11.1. ecological relationships 024,025 16.8.3. growth rate variations 025

9 11

44. Shrinkage, apparent 46. Speciation 025 045

45. Spawning 47. Systematic/ (identification keys) 016, 018, 034, 043, 044, 047, 058, 067, 068, 070 45.1. frequency 045 48. Temperature (Effects of) 45.2. migration 025,078 025

Geographic Index

1 Africa 1.1 Lake Victoria 001, 007, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 017, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 019, 021, 022, 023, 019, 021, 022, 023, 024, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 024, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 034, 035, 031, 032, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 042, 045, 046, 049, 051, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 049, 050, 051, 052, 055, 058, 059, 061, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 055, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 069, 070, 071, 072, 075, 076, 077 073, 074, 075, 076, 077 1.4. Tanzania 1.1. Kenya 039,042 013, 051,069 1.5. Uganda 1.2. Lake Kioga 017,027,036,050,076 036, 049 2. Israel 054 13

001 Anon., 1971 "Experiments on T. andersonii" Internal Report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Touriam, Tanzania

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 Ilk Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Supplbment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN Rome/Italy, CIFA Occassional Paper No 5 i-vii + 40 PP ISBN 92-5-000092-8

003 Ash,P.J. 1977 "Incorporation of (35S)Sulphate into Mucopoly- saccharide by Teleost Cartilage in Vitro: The Influence of Mammalian Growth Hormone, Teleost Plasma, and Mammalian Plasma" Gen.00mp.Endocrinol.,32:187-194

004 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africall University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scot- land, U.K.: i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1

005 Balarin,J.D. & Haller,R.D. 1982 "The Intensive Culture of Tilapias in Tanks, Raceways and Cages":265-355 in: Muir,J.F. & Roberts,R.J. (Eds.) Recent Ad- vances in Aquaculture Croom Helm, London & Canberra; Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado 453 pp ISBN 0-7099-0303-0

006 Balon,E.K. 1973 "Results of Fish Population Size Assessments in Lake Kariba Coves (Zambia). A Decade after Their Creation" :149-158 in: Ackermann,W.C.; White,G.F. & Worthington,E.B. (Eds.) Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environ- mental Effects Geophys.Monogr. Ser., Vol. 17 American Geophysical Union, Washington,D.C. 847 PP 007 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Lepidological Study: Key Scales of Lake Kariba Fishes" :647-676 Appdx G in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae,24: 767 PP 008 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa" T.F.H. Publ., Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, N.J. 07753 USA

009 Balon,E.K. & Chadwick,E.M. 1974 "Time of Annulus Inception: A Pond Experiment" :643-646 Appdx F in: Ealon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae,24: 767 pp 010 Bard,J. 1962"Ou en est Aotuellement la Pisciculture Africaine?" Revue Bois et ForAts des Tropiques, No 83:51-47 (in French, English summary: What is the Present State of Fish Farming in Africa) 15

024 de Bont,A.F. 1954 "Station de Recherches Piscicoles Elisabethville Rapports annuels No 2 (1949) et No 3 (1950)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,45(1):157-184

025 de Bont,A.F. 1954 "Station de Recherches Piscicoles A Elisabethville Rapports annuels No 4 (1951) et No 5 (1952-1953)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,45(5):1315-1348

026 de Kimpe,P. 1956 "Vegetation phanérogamique et plancton" :1149-1156 Annexe II in: de Bont,A.F. "Station de Recherches Pisci- colas A Kipopo (Elisabethville) Rapports annuels No 6 (1954) et No 7 (1955)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):1089-1164

027 Depasse,P. 1956 'Monographic Piscicole de la Province Orien- tale Description du milieu limnologique; programme et realisations en matiere de peche et de pisciculture" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):959-1088 (in French, Ehglish and German Summaries)

028 Dudley,R.G. 1972 "Biology of Tilapia of the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia: Predicted effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam" Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ. of Idaho/USA 50 pp

029 Dudley,R.G. 1974 "Growth of Tilapia of the Kafue Floodplain Zambia: Predicted effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam" Trans.Amer.Fish.Soc.,103(2):281-291

030 Dudley,R.G. 1979 "Changes in growth and size distribution of Sarotherodon macrochir and Sarotherodon andersoni from the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia, since construc- tion of the Kafue Gorge Damn J.Fish Biol.,14:205-223

031 Dudley,R.G. & Scully,R.J. 1980 "Changes in experimental gill- net catches from the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia, since construction of the Kafue Gorge Damn J.Fish Biol.,16:521-337

032 Duerre,D.C. 1969 "Report to the Government of Zambia on fishery development in the Central Barotse flood- plain. Second phase" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy TA 2638, 80 pp

033 Everett,G.V. 1971 "Sampling Fish Stocks in the Kafue River" Fish.Res.Bull.Zambia,5:297-304

034 Everett,G.V. 1974 "An Analysis of the 1970 Commercial Fish Catch in three Areas of the Kafue Floodplain" Afr.J.Trap.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3:147-159 17

046 Kavalec,J. 1976 "Effect of Fertilization and Food on the Pond Produotion of Tilapia in Zambia" :642-658 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana 30 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1975, CIFA Tech.Pap. 4 (Suppl. 1) FAO/UN, Rome/Italy 791 pp

047 Lagler,K.F.; Kapetsky,J.M. & Stewart,D.J.1972 "The Fisheries of the Kafue River Flats, Zambia, in Relation to the Kafue Gorge Dam" FI:SF/ZAM 11. Technical Report 1. Central Fishe- ries Research Institute, Chilanga, Zambia 161 pp

048 Lema,R.; Giadom,B. & Ibrahlm,K.H. 1976 "Observations on the Introduction of Tilapia andersonii (Castelnau) into Tanzania from Zambia":433-439 CIFA/75/SE 3 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana 30 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1975, CIFA Tech.Pap. 4 (Suppl. 1) FAO/UN, Rome/Italy 791 pp

049 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

050 Maar,A. 1956 "Tilapia Culture in Farm Dams in Southern Rhodesia" Rhod.Agric.Journa1,53(5):667-687

051 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp

052 Matthiessen,P. 1981 "Haematological changes in fish following aerial spraying with endosulfan insecticide for tsetse control in Botswana!, J.Fish Biol.,18:461-469

053 McAndrew,B.J. & Majumdar,K.C. 1983 "Tilapia Stock Identifi- cation Using Electrophoretic Markers" Aquaculture,30:249-261

054 Morais,R.T. 1974 HEttudos ictiologicos no Rio Zambeze. I. Area du albufeira de Cabora Bassa" Brigada de estudos piscicolas de Cabora Bassa, Universidade de Lourenqp Marques (mimeo)

055 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "Observations on the Biology of Tilapia andersonii (Castelnau), (Pisces,Cichlidae), in Northern Rhodesian Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Lusaka, Ann. Rep. No. 9:47-67

056 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "The Fisheries of Conservation Dams in Northern Rhodesia. Report No 1 - Chilanga Dams, 1952-1957" Joint Fish.Res.Org., Lusaka, Ann.Rep. No 9:42-55 19

068 University of Idaho, et al. 1971 "Ecology of fishes in the Kafue River" Report prepared for FAO/UN acting as executing agency for UNDP. Moscow, Idaho, University of Idaho, FI:SF/ZAM 11:Tech.Rep. 2, 66 pp (prepared by D.W. Chapman; W.H. Miller; R.G. Dudley & R.J. Scully)

069 University of Michigan, et al. 1971 "The fisheries of the Kafue River Flats, Zambia, in relation to the Kafue Gorge Dam" Report prepared for FAO/UN acting as executin agency for UNDP. Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan, FI:SF/ZAM 11:Tech.Rep. 1, 161 pp (prepared by K.F. Lagler; J.M. Kapetsky & D. J. Stewart)

070 van der Waal,B.C.W. 1980 "Aspects of the Fisheries of Lake Liambezi,Caprivi" J.Limnol.Soc.South Afr.,6(1):19-31

071 Vaughan Jones,T. 1948 "EXperiments in Fish Culture and in Stocking Dams and Streams in Northern Rhodesia" Government Printer, Lusaka

072 Vervoort,A. 1980 "The Karyotypes of Seven Species of Tilapia (Teleostei, Cichlidae)" Cytologia (Tokyo),45(4):651-656

073 Williams,N.V. 1960 "A Review of the Kafue River Fishery" Rhod.Agric.J.,57(1):86-92

074 Williams,R. 1971 "Fish Ecology of the Kafue River and Flood Plain Environment" Fish.Res.Bull.Zambia,5:305-330

075 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tila- pias" ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 21

13.12. Growth 13.35. Survival 028, 029, 030, 045, 049, 055, 057, 067 028 13.13. Hybridization 13.36. Tank culture 025, 035, 038, 039, 057 005 13.14. Intensive culture 13.37. Vitamin requirements 005 042 13.15. Lake fisheries 13.38. Weight 070 073 13.16. Length frequency distribution Genetics 034 072, 075 13.17. Length-weight relationships 14j. chromosomes 008, 028 072 13.18. Management 14.2. karyotypes 070 072 13.19. Man-Made lakes 006, 008, 009, 016, 049 Gonads 021 13.20. Manure Systems (Fertilizers) 046, 050 Haematology 13.21. Mineral requirements 16.1. haematological changes 042 052 13.22. Nutrient requirements 042 Hydrobiology 13.23. Pond culture 020,027 023, 027, 039, 046, 055, 057, 060 Introductions; on 13.24. Population 048 13.24.1. counting of fish populations 050 Limnology 027 13.24.2. population size assessment 006 Male growth superiority 13.25. Production/Reproduction 035 045, 046, 050, 060, 070 13.26. Protein Mortality 045 13.26.1. qualitative requirements 042 Movements 13.26.2. quantitative requirements 014 042 13.26.3. sources Nest 042 035

13.27. Raceways Osmoregulation 005 058 13.28. Sewage ponds 039 Ova 021 13.29. Sex ratio 057 26. Oxygen tolerance 028 13.30. Shallow tropical lake 070 27. Popular literature 13.31. Size distribution 037,063 030 13.32. Spawning 28. Salinity (Brackish water) 028 035, 058, 067

13.33. Stocking 29. Scales 050 007, 009, 028, 029 13.34. Stunting 29.1. annulus inception 035 009 Oreochromis (Oreochromis) esculentus (Graham, 1928) (formerly: Tilapia esculenta)

first described by: Graham,M. 1928 "Tilapia esculenta, a new Species of Cichlid Fish from the Victoria Nyanza, with Notes on the Habits of this Species and the nearly-related Tilapia variabilis, Blgr." Ann.Mag.nat.Hist.,Ser. 10, Vol. 2:209-213

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia (Oreochromis) esculentus Thys van den Audenaerde,D. F.E. 1968 An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)11 Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool., No 14, i-xl + 406 PP Sarotherodon esculentus various authors

23 25

013 Bergstrand,E. & Cordone,A.J. 1971 "Exploratory bottom trawling in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,1(1):13-24

014 Beverton,R.J.H. 1959 "Report on the state of the Lake Victoria Fisheries" Fisheries Laboratory,Lowestoft/U.K. (mimeogr.)

015 Bowen,S.H. 1982 "Feeding, digestion and growth - qualitative considerations" :141-156 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapiae, ICIARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp. International Center for Li- ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila,Philippines

016 Copley,H. 1952 "The Tilapias of Kenya Colony" East Afr.Agric.J.,18:30-34

017 Cordone,A.J. & Kudhongania,A. 1972 "Observations on the influ- ences of codend mesh size on bottom trawl catches in Lake Victoria, with emphasis on the Haplochromis popu- lationIf Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,2(2):1-20

018 Cridland,C.C. 1959 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp." East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1958, Addx C:41-42

019 Cridland,C.C. 1960 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp. I. The Value of Various Foods" Hydrobiologia,15:135-160

020 Cridland,C.C. 1961 "Laboratory Experiments on the Growth of Tilapia spp. The reproduction of Tilapia esculenta under artificial conditions" Hydrobiologia,18:177-184

021 Denny,P.; Bowker,D.W. & Bailey,R.G. 1978 "The importance of the littoral epiphyton as food for commercial fish in the recent African man-made lake, Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania" Biol.J.Linn.Soc.,10:139-150

022 Elder,H.Y. 1966 "Report on the Investigation into the Tilapia population of Lake Naivasha, Kenya" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Occas.Pap. No 1: 21 pp

023 Fish,G.R. 1951 "Digestion in Tilapia esculenta" Nature,London,167(4257):900-901

024 Fish,G.R. 1956 "Some Aspects of the Respiration of Six Species of Fish from Uganda" J.Experim.Biology,33(1):186-195

025 Freshwater Fisheries Institute, Nyegezi, Tanzania 1974 "Fishing operation - bottom trawling!, Freshwater Fish.Inst.Annual Report 1973:7-9 27

039 Garrod,D.J. AkNewell,B.S. 1958 "Ring Formation in Tilapia esculenta" Nature,London,181:1411-1412

040 Gee,J.M. 1968 "Trawling Operations on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1967, Appdx G:55-61

041 Gee,J.M. & Gilbert,M.P. 1967 "Experimental Trawling Operations on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1966, Appdx D:33-46

042 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "" T.F.H. Publ.,Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 254 pp ISBN 0-87666-020-0

043 Graham" 1929 "The Victoria Nyanza and its fisheries" Crown Agents, London 255 pp, 64 figs

044 Greenwood,P.H. 1953 "Feeding Mechanism of the Cichlid Fish, Tilapia esculenta Grahamll Nature,London,172(4370):207-208

045 Greenwood,P.H. 1957 "The fishes of Uganda,IV" The Uganda Journa1,21:202-217

046 Hamblyn,E.L. 1966 "A Note on the Inshore Fish Population of Napoleon Gulf (Lake Victoria)" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep.,Appdx B:23-35

047 Hoffman,A.; Barranco,A.; Francis,B.J. & Disney,J.G. 1977 "The effect of processing and storage upon the nutritive value of smoked fish from Africa" Tropical Science,19(1):41-53

048 Hoffman,A.; Disney,J.G.; Pinegar,A. & Cameron,J.D. 1974 "The Preservation of Some East African Freshwater Fish" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3(1):1-13

049 Holden,M.J. 1955 "Ring formation in the scales of Tilapia variabilis Boulenger and Tilapia esculenta Graham from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1954/55, Appdx C:36-40

050 Holden,M.J. & Green,J. 1960 "The Hydrology and Plankton of the River Sokoto" The Journal of ecology,29:65-84

051 Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "Progress and present Status of Aquaculture in Tanzania" Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept - 2 oct 1975, FAO/Rome CIFA Tech.Pap. (4), Suppl. 1:132-146 29

063 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identification!' East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264

064 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" East Afr.Agric.J.,21(1):45-52

065 Lowe (4000nnell),R.H. 1956 "Observations on the Biology of Tilapia (Pisces-Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Suppl. Publ. No 1: 72 pp

066 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

067 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1982 "Tilapias in fish communities" :83-113 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and aulture of tilapias; ICIARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Phi- lippines

068 Marten,G.G. & Guluka,L.T. 1974 "Fluctuations in Fish Catches and Prices and their Correlations with Climatic Fac- torsII East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep.,Appdx E:69-75

069 Marten,G.G.; Wanjala,B. & GulUka,L.T. 197- "Exploratory Trawling of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya during 1975" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1975,:16 pp

070 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 PP 071 Mayland,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden und Fischzucht" GroBe Aquarienpraxis, Band III, 448 pp Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7842 0194 6

072 Newell,B.J. 1958 "Additional hydrological data from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1956/1957:29-31

073 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias; ICIARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

074 Payne,A.I. 1971 "An experiment on the culture of Tilapia escu- lenta (Graham) and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) (Cichli- dae) in fish ponds" J.Fish Biol.,3:325-340 31

087 Webbe,G. 1961 "Laboratory and Field Trials of a New Mollusci- cide, Bayer 73, in Tanganyika" Bull.Wld Hlth Org.,25(4-5):525-531

088 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The habitats and habitat preferences of the young of the Lake Victoria Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev.Zool.Bot. Afr.,70(1-2):1-28

089 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Diagnoses and Key to the Juveniles of Tilapia (Pisces,Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129-136

090 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Observations on the Habitat preferences of the young Tilapia spp. in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Feshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1962/1963, Appdx B:25-31

091 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The Ecology of the Fishes of a Small Rtver of the Lake Victoria Basin" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1962/1963, Appdx 0:32-35

092 Welcomme ,R.L. 1964 "Notes on the Present Distribution and Habits on the Non-Endemic Species of Tilapia which have been introduced into Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1962/1963, Appdx D:36-39

093 Welcomme ,R.L. 1965 "Further Observations on the Biology of the introduced Tilapia species" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1964, Appdx B:18-31

094 Welcomme ,R.L. 1966 "The possible role of marginal Lagoon and Beaches in the improvement of the quantity of Tilapia stocks in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1965, Appdx 1:74-78

095 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "Preliminary studies on the food of Tilapia esculenta Graham" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1966, Appdx A:16-22

096 Welcomme,R.L. 1969 "The Effect of Rapidly Changing Water Level in Lake Victoria upon the Commercial Catches of Tilapia (Pisces: Cichlidae)" :242-250 in: Obeng,L.E. (Ed.) Man-Made Lakes: The Accra Sym- posium (Proc. of a Symposium held at Accra, Nov. 21-24, 1966 under the auspices of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research formerly part of the Ghana Academy of Sciences) Ghana Universities Press, Accra 398 pp Subject Index

1. Abundance 13.3. size 027 027, 064 13.4. size in dwarf populations 2. Age 027 030,038 13.5. size variation 2.1. age determination 027 031, 066 13.6. weight 2.2. maximum age 027 037 14. Evolution 3. Anadromesis 073 098 15. Fecundity 4. Behaviour 020, 064,066 011 4.1. revealed by gill net catches 16. Fish communities 027 066,067

5. Bibliographies 17. Fisheries 003, 006, 070, 082 002, 004, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 019, 020, 021, 023, 6. Biology 025, 027, 029, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 006, 026, 065, 075 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 7. Clutch size 065, 066, 068, 069, 074, 075, 076, 078, 085, 027 086, 095, 096, 097, 098, 100, 101 17.1. batho-spatial distribution Control of ... 059 8.1. growth 17.2. biomass estimate 078 059 8.2. population size 17.3. bionomics 036 043 8.3. reproduction 17.4. breeding 078 016, 055, 083

Diseases/Parasites 17.4.1. breeding biology 005,027 065 17.4.2. breeding seasons 10. Distribution 027 027, 066, 083 17.5. cage culture 11. Ecology 052,053 027,083 17.6. dam fisheries 004,075 11.1. ecological relationships 026,027 17.7. digestion 015,023 Economy 17.8. dried fish 12.1. economic importance 047 027 17.9. Exploitation

Eggs 17.9.1. exploited stock length structure of an 027 13.1. egg number of ovarian 027 17.9.2. history of exploitation 027 13.2. number 027,064 17.9.3. rational exploitation 036

33 35

29. Migration patterns 35.2. otoliths 098 031 35.3. ring formation Mortality 028, 031, 039, 049 036 30.1. mortality rates Sex ratio 038 065

30.2. mortality relationships Stunting 027 027

Movements Systematics/Taxonomy (Identification keys) 083 061, 063, 082, 083, 084, 089

Oxygen, dissolved Temperatures, Effects of 024 099

Popular literature Toxines 071, 080, 081 042, 40.1. Molluscicides 087 Respiration 024 Water 34.1. Respiratory physiology 41.1. chemistry 027 074,077

35, Scales 41.2. physics 028, 030, 031, 039, 049, 065, 066 077 35.1. length at maturation 031

Geographic Index

1 Africa 1.7. Lake Victoria 001, 002, 003, 004, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 001, 002, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 013, 014, 016, 012, 013, 014, 016, 017, 021, 022, 023, 024, 025, 017, 022, 023, 025, 026, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 026, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 045, 046, 038, 040, 041, 043, 045, 046, 048, 049, 050, 051, 049, 052, 053, 055, 058, 059, 060, 065, 066, 069, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 058, 059, 060, 061, 062, 072, 074, 075, 079, 086, 088, 089, 090, 091, 092, 063, 065, 066, 068, 069, 070, 072, 074, 075, 076, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098 077, 078, 079, 084, 085, 086, 087, 088, 089, 090, 1.8. Nigeria 091,092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 100, 101 050 1.1. Congo/Zaire 1.9. Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir 012 021 1.2. East Africa 1.10. River Sokoto 078 050 1.3. Kenya 1.11. Tanganyika 016, 022, 069, 085, 086 087 1.4. Lake Kioga 1.12. Tanzania 045, 100 004, 021, 025, 051, 052, 053, 060, 075, 077, 084 1.5. 1.13. Uganda 101 024, 032, 045, 048, 068, 096, 101 1.6. Lake Naivasha 022 2. Madagascar 056,057 37

001 Ali,M.A. & Wagner,H.-J. 1975 "Visual Pigments: Phylogeny and Ecology" :481-516 in: Ali,M.A. (Ed.) Vision in Fishes: New approaches in Research New York: Plenum Press

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Supplément 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rmne/Italy CIFA Occassional Paper No 5 i-vii + 40 PP ISBN 92-5-000092-8

003 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 41A, Scot- land, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 PP ISBN 0 901636 23 1

004 Bardach,J.E.; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 In: Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms Wiley-Interscience, New York-London, etc. 868 pp

005 Bergstrand,E. & Cordone,A.J. 1971 "Exploratory Bottom Trawling in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,1(1):13-23

006 BILim,V. & Fiedler,K. 1974 " Prolaktinempfindliche Strukturen im Fischgehirn" Fortschritte der Zoologie,22(2-3):155-166 (in German, English summary:Prolactin-sensitive structures in the fish brain)

007 Bogsch,I. 1968 l'Maulbriltender Fisch (Tilapia leucosticta) der eme Wassertemperatur von 6000 vertrdgt" Freunde des Keilner Zoo,11(1):21-24

008 Elder,H.Y. 1966 "Report on the Investigation into the Tilapia population of Lake Naivasha, Kenya" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Occass.Pap. 1:1-21

009 Elder,H.Y. & Garrod,D.J. 1961 "A Natural Hybrid of Tilapia nigra and Tilapia leucosticta from Lake Naivasha, Kenya District" Nature ,London, 191(4789) :722-724

010 Elder,H.Y. ; Garrod,D.J. & Whitehead,P.J.P. 1971 "Natural hybrids of the African cichlid fishes Tilapia spi- lurus nigra and T. leucosticta: a case of hybrid introgression Biol.J.Linn.Soc.,3:103-146

011 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0 39

025 Goldstein, R:J. 1973 "cichlids of the world" T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City N.J. 07753 USA 382 pp

026 Gwahaba,J. J. 1978 "The biology of cichlid fishes (Teleostei) in an equatorial lake (Lake George, Uganda)" Arch.Hydrobiol.,83(4):538-551 027 Heckel,F. 1979 "Versuche zur Nachfolgereaktion junger Bunt- barsche auf Attrappen unterschiedlicher GrdBe (Gattung:Tilapia; Teleostei)" Staatsexamen: Univ. Ottingen,F.R.G. (unpubl.)

028 Hulot,A. 1 956 "Aperqg sur la question de la peche industrielle aux lacs Kivu, Edouard et Albert" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):815-882

029 Hyder,M. 1 969 "Histological Studies on the Testis of Tilapia leucosticta and other species of the Tilapia (Pisces:Teleostei)" Trans.Amer.Micros.Soc.,88(2):211-231

030 Hyder,M. 1 969 "Gonadal Development and Reproductive Activity of the Cichlid Fish Tilapia leucosticta (Trewavas) in an Equatorial Lake" Nature,London, 224:1112

031 Hyder,M. 1 970 "Gonadal and reproductive patterns in Tilapia leucosticta (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in an equatorial lake, Lake Naivasha (Kenya)" J.Zool.,Lond.,162:179-195

032 Hyder" & Kirschner,M.A. 1969 "Detection and Estimation of Testosterone in the Testes of Tilapia leucosticta (Pisces: Cichlidae)" J.Endocr.,44:281-282

033 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V. & Kirschner,M.A. 1970 "Effect of Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Testicular Histology and Testosterone Production in Tilapia leucosticta (Teleostei:Cichli- dae)" Endocrinology,87:818-822

034 Iles,T.D. & Howlett,C.J. 1967 "Electrophoretic analysis of blood of Tilapia leucosticta Trewavas and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1967, Appdx H:64-72

035 Jauch,D. 1979 "Gill lesions in Cichlid fishes after intoxi- cation with the insecticide Fenthion" Experientia,35(3):371-372 41

046 Loiselle,P.V; 197- "Sarotherodon leucostiotus (Trewavas,1933)" :56-58 in: "The Best of Paul V. Loiselle" Ed.. by Advanced Cleland Aquarists of Southern California

047 Loiselle,P.V. 1974 "Sarotherodon leucostictus (Trewavas 1933)" Advanced Cichlid Aquarists of Southern California, Bulletin, 2(7) Nov.-Dec. :1-3

048 Loiselle,P.V. 1975 "Two new Aquarium Residents from East Africa" Buntbarsche Bulletin No 47: 10-17 American Cichlid Association

049 Lowe,R.H. (gcConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identificationu East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264

050 Lowe,R.H. (AcConnell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" East Afr.Agric.J.,21(1):45-52

051 Lowe,R.H. (AcConnell) 1957 "Observations on the diagnosis and biology of Tilapia leucosticta Trewavas in East Africa" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,55(5-4):553-373

052 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1973 "Summary: Reservoirs in Relation to Man-Fisheries" :641-654 in:Ackermann,W.C.; White,G.F. & Worthington,E.B. (Eds.) Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environ- mental Effects Amer.Geophys.Union, Geophys.Monogr.,17: 847 PP 053 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London; 337 pp, ISBN 0-582-44348-2

054 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1982 "Tilapias in fish communities":83-113 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

055 Lythgoe,J.N. 1972 "List of Vertebrate Visual Pigments":604-624 in: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/1. Photochemistry of Vision (Dartnall,H.J.A.; Ed.) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York

056 Malvestuto,S.P. & Ogambo-Ongoma,A. 1978 "Observations on the Infection of Tilapia leucosticta (Pisces:Cichlidae) with Contracaecum (Nematoda:Heterocheilidae) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya" J.Parasitol.,64(2):383-384

057 Marten,G.G. & Guluka,L.T. 1974 "Fluotuations in Fish Catches and Prices and their Correlations with Climatic Factors" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep.,AppdxIE:69-75 43

069 Paperna,I. 1969 "Monogenetic Trematodes of the Fish of the Volta basin and South Ghana" A,(3):840-880

070 Paperna,I. 1972 "Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis of Fish in Uganda" Prog. Fish-Cult.,34(3):162-164

071 Paulo,J. 1969 "Tilapia leucosticta" DATZ Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift,22(8): 231-233

072 Paulo,J. 1970 "Tilapia leucosticta ist ein Spezialist par exellence!" DCG-Information,1(6):41-46 Deutsche Cichliden-Ge- sellschaft e.V.

073 Payne,D.T. 1975 "Tilapia leucosticta, an uncolourful but inte- resting cichlid" The Aquarist and Pondkeeper,X1(7):392-393 (Oct.)

074 Pechauf,M. 1977 "Weitere Hinweise zu Tilapia (Sarotherodon) leucosticta Trewavas, 193311 Aquarien Terrarien (GDR),24(5):173-175

075 Peters,H.M. & Berns,S. 1982 "Die Maulbrutpflege der Cichliden - Untersuchungen zur Evolution emes Verhaltensmusters" Z.f.zool.Syst.u.Evolut.-forsch.,20(1):18-52 (in German, English summary:Mouth-brooding in Cichlids. A study of the evolution of a behaviour pattern)

076 Poll,M. 1939 "Exploration du Paro National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)" Inst.Parc Nat.Congo Belge,fasc. 6:1-73

077 Poll,M. 1939 "Exploration du Paro National Albert Mission G. F. De Witte (1933-35)" Inst.Parc Nat.Congo Belge,fasc. 24:1-80

078 Rinne,J.N. 1974 "A Preliminary Observation of the Age, Growth and Tagging of Bagrus, Clarias and Certain Tilapia Species From Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Jinja,Appdx A:25-48

079 Rinne,J. 1975 "Fish Tagging-EXperiments - A Prelude to an Extensive Tag-Recovery Programme on Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,4(1):1-19 Special Issue 3 "Symposium on the Aquatic Resources of East and Central Africa held at Kampala Inter- national Conference Centre from 25th March - 1st April 1974 080 Rinne,J.N. & Wanjala,B. 1982 "Observations on movement pattern of Tilapia spp. in Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, East African J.Fish Biol.,20:317-322 45

093 Verbeke,J. 1959 "Le agime Alimentaire des Poissons des Lacs Edouard et Albert (Congo Belge)" Rbsult.scient.Explor.Hydrobiol.Lacs Kivu,Edouard et Albert (Inst.Roy.Sci.Nat.Belg.),3(3):1-66

094 Vogt,N. 1974 "Ein gutuUtiger Schwarz-Afrikaner: Tilapia leucosticta" DATZ Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift,27(6): 184-185

095 Welcomme ,R.L. 1964 "The Ecology of the Fishes of a Small River of the Lake Victoria Basin" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1962/63, Appdx 0:32-35

096 Welcomme ,R.L. 1964 "Notes on the present distribution and habits of the non-endemic species of Tilapia which have been introduced into Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1962/63, Appdx D:36-39

097 Welcomme ,R.L. 1964 "Diagnoses and Key to the Juveniles of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129-136

098 Welcomme ,R.L. 1964 "The habitats and habitat preferences of the young of the Lake Victoria Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,70(1-2):1-28

099 Welcomme ,R.L. 1965 "Further Observations on the Biology of the introduced Tilapia species" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1964, Appdx B:18-51

100 Welcomme,R.L. 1966 "Studies on enclosed Lagoons in the Jinja area" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1965, Appdx D:44-48

101 Welcomme,R.L. 1966 "The possible role of marginal lagoons and beaches in the improvement of the quantity of Tilapia stocks in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ami. Rep. for 1965, Appdx 1:74-78

102 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "Observations on the biology of the introduced species of Tilapia in Lake Victoria" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,76(3-4):249-279

103 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "The relationship between fecundity and ferti- lity in the mouthbrooding cichlid fish Tilapia leuco- sticta" J.Zool.,Lond., 151:453-468

104 Welcomme,R.L. 1970 "Studies on the effects of abnormally high water levels on the ecology of fish in certain shallow regions of Lake Victoria" J.Zool.,Lond.,160:405-456

105 WiIlig,S. 1980 "Untersuchungen zum Bindungsverhalten junger MaulbrUter (Pisces; Cichlidae): Die Wirkung verschie- den groSer Mutterattrappen unter BerUcksichtigung der Strbmungsreize" Staatsexamensarbeit, Universitdt Ottingen (F.R.G.) (unpubl.) Subject Index

1. Behaviour 11.1. analysis 027,037, 081,105 034 1.1. brooding behaviour 11.2. studies 051 034

1.2. dummies; effects of Embryology/Young stages 027, 105 103 1.3. linking behaviour 081,105 Endocrinology 1.4. spawning behaviour 006, 029, 030, 032, 033, 042, 043, 103 051 13.1. adenohypophysis 042 1.5. young ; behaviour of the 027, 105 13.2. brain; prolactin sensitive structures 1.6. behaviour patterns (evolution, mouth-brooding) 006 075 13.3. cell types 042 2. Bibliographies 13.4. hormones (Drugs, Effects of) 002, 003, 058, 091 006, 032, 033, 043 Biology 13.4.1. androgens CO3, 026, 051, 084, 099, 100,102 032 13.4.2. gonadotrophin Clutch size of dwarf forms 033 011 13.42. prolactin 5. Control of ... 006,043 5.1. mosquitoes 13.4.4. testosterone 061 032,033 52. schistosomiasis 13.5. hypothalamus 062 043 5.3. snails 13.6. hypophyseal pars distalis 061,062 042 13.7. osmo (iono) regulations 6. Diseases/Parasites 043 056, 069, 070 13.8. plasma Na+ 043 7. Distribution 011, 053, 092, 096 13.9. proximal pars distalis 042 7.1. length frequency distribution 099 13.10. release inhibiting factor 043 8. Ecology 13.11. rostral pars distalis 008, 010, 011, 092, 095 042

9. Eggs 13.12. secretory activity 103 042

9.1. number Environmental requirements 050 092 9.2. size 050, 051, 103 Evolution 065 9.3. weight 011 Eyes 015, 016, 017, 018, 019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 055, 10. Electrophoresis 064,082 034 16.1. histogenesis 11. Electrophoretic 016

47 49

26. Life histories 37. Sex ratios 065 010,026

27. Male growth superiority 38. Spermatogenesis 011 029

28. Marking/Tagging Experiments 39. Stunting 078,079 011 rate 28.1. Tag-shedding 40. Systematics, Taxonomy (Identification keys) 079 008, 049, 051, 090, 091, 092, 097 29. Maturation 41. Temperatures (Effects of) 010, 104 007,012, 013, 031, 106 29.1. age and size at maturity 011 42. Testis 29.2. size 42.1. cellular elements 031,051 029 42.2. histological studies Mortality 029, 033 104 42.3. morphology Movements of fish 029 010 42.4. testicular changes 31.1. movement patterns 031 080 43. Toxicity Nursery environments 035, 036, 038, 044, 066, 067,068 053 43.1. insecticides 036, 038 Ovaries 43.1.1. fenth ion 33.1. changes 035 031 43.1.2. lebaycid 33.2. immature 038, 067, 068 084 43.2. intoxication 33.3. maturing 035, 038 084 43.3. larvicides 33.4. ripening 067,068 084 43.4. molluscicides 066, 067, 068 Popular literature 013, 024, 025, 045, 046, 047, 048, 059, 060, 071, 43.5. pesticide residues 072, 073, 074, 087, 088, 094, 107 044 43.6. toxicity tests Salinity (Brackish water) 035 042,043

Scales 010,086

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.1. Ghana 002, 003, 005, 007, 008, 009, 010, 012, 013, 014, 069 026, 028, 030, 031, 039, 040, 041, 044, 049, 051, 1.2. Kenya 053, 056, 057, 058, 061, 062, 069, 070, 076, 077, 008, 009, 010, 030, 031, 044, 056, 061, 062, 084, 078, 079, 080, 083, 084, 085, 086, 089, 093, 095, 085, 086, 107 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 1 04, 107 Oreochromis (Oreodhromis) mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966) (formerly: Tilapia mortimeri)

first described by: Trewavas,E. 1966 "A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,74(3-4):394-424 (Tilapia mortimeri)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia (Oreochromis) mortimeri Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14: i-xl + 406 pp

Sarotherodon mortimeri various authors

N o t es often described as: Tilapia mossambica from Lake Kariba

51 53

010 Balon,B.K. 1974 "Lepidological Study: Key Scales of Lake Kariba Fishes" Appdx G 647-676 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 PP 011 Begg,G.W. 1974 "The Distribution of Fish of Riverine Origin in Relation to the Limnological Characteristics of the Five Basins of Lake Kariba" Hydrobiologica,44(2-3):277-285

012 Bell-Cross,G. 1976 "The Fishes of Rhodesian Publ. by Trustees of the National Museums and Monu- ments of Rhodesia, Salisbury, Rhodesia/Africa 268 pp

013 Birkhead,M.E. 1978 "Some Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of the Reed Cormorant and Darter on Lake Kariba, Rhodesian Ostrich, 49(1)0-7

014 Coke,M. 1968 "Depth Distribution of Fish on a Bush-Cleared Area of Lake Kariba, Central Africa" Trans.Amer.Fish.Soc.,97:460-465 (T. mossambica)

015 Donnelly,B.G. 1969 "A Preliminary Survey of Tilapia Nurseries on Lake Kariba during 1967/68" Hydrobiologia,34:195-206 (T. mossambica)

016 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0

017 Jackson,P.B.N. 1960/61 "Ecological Effects of Flooding by the Kariba Dam Upon Middle Fishes" Proc. of the 1st Federal Science Congress, Salisbury/ S. Rhodesia :277-284 (T. mossambica)

018 Jackson,P.B.N. 1961 "The Fishes of Northern Rhodesian Governm. Printer Lusaka, Rhodesia/Africa 140 pp

019 Jackson,P.B.N. & Rogers,K.H. 1976 "Cabora Bassa Fish Populations before and during the first filling Phasen Zoologica Africana,11(2):373-397

020 Jubb,R.A. 1953 "A note on a collection of freshwater fishes being prepared for the Queen Victoria Museum" Occass.Pap.Nat.Mus.Southern Rhodesia, No 19:690-698 (part, T. mossambica nec Peters)

021 Jubb,R.A. 1974 "The Distribution of Tilapia mossambicus Peters, 1852, and Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas, 1966, in Rhodesian Waters" Arnoldia,6(25):1-14 55

033 Morais,R.T. 1974 "Estudos ictiologicos no Rio Zambeze. I. Area du albufeira de Cabora Bassa" Brigada de estudos piscicolas de Cabora Bassa, Universidade de Lourenqo Marques (mimeo)

034 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "Fishing in Lundazi Dam" Rhod.Agric.J.,56(2):50-60 (T. mossambica)

035 Munro,J.L. 1967 "The food of a community of East African freshwater fishesII J.Zool.London,151:389-415 (T. mossambica)

036 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias ICIARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp Inter- national Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

037 Schoenen,P. 1978 "Die Cichliden Rhodesiens, Teil 3" DOG-Info 9(7)032-140 (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesell- schaft e.V.)

038 Soulsby,J.J. 1963 "Fishing Survey at Kariba" Rhod.Agric.J.,60(5):135-138 (T. mossambica)

039 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Biblio- graphy of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belg. Doc.Zool. No 14 i-xl + 406 pp

040 Toots,H. 1970 "EXotic Fishes in Rhodesia" Rhod.Agric.J.,67(4); Bull. 2552:1-6

041 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :316-323 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-00878-1

042 van der Lingen,M.I. 1959 "Some Preliminary Remarks on Stocking Rate and Production of Tilapia Species at the Fisheries Research Centre" :54-62 in: Proc. 1st Fish Day in S. Rhodesia, Aug. 1957 Government Printer, Salisbury (T. mossambica)

043 Watanabe,K. 1965-66 "Handling and keeping Quality of Iced Kariba Bream, Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas (syn. T. mossambica Peters)" Fish.Res.Bull.Zambia,4:59-64 57

12.21. Size 16. Marginal fish fauna 005, 008,034 031 12.22. Standing crop 003,009 17. Mortality rates 006 12.23. Stock/Stocking 12.23.1. Stock abundance 18. Museum collections 003,009 020

12.23.2. Stock size assessment 19. Nurseries areas 006 015 12.23.3. Stocking 027,034 20. Popular literature 12.23.3.1. Stocking density 037 006 21. Salinity (Brackish Water) 12.23.32. Stocking rates 016 042 12.24. Transport of fish 22. Scales 027 010, 025 12.25. Weight 22.1. Lepidological studies 034 010

12.26. Yields 23. Sport fishing 006 012

13. Habitat preferences 24. Systematic, Taxonomy (Identification Keys) 015 012, 021,039,041

14. Life histories 25. Temperatures (Effect of) 036 015, 024

15. Limnology 011,019

Geographic index

1. Africa 1.3. Lake McIlvvaine 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 035 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018, 019, 020, 1.4. Lundazi Dam 021, 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 034 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 037, 038, 040, 042, 043 1.5. Zambezi River 1.1. Cabora Bassa Dam 019, 033 019,033 1.6. Zambia 12. Kariba Dam 003, 004, 023, 028 017 1.7. Zimbabwe (formerly: Rhodesia) 1.3. Lake Kariba 012, 015, 018, 021, 027, 034, 035, 037, 040, 042 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 013, 014, 015, 025, 026, 029, 031, 032, 038, 040 59

001 Anon., 1939. "la chat:3E3e et la peche au Congo Belge en 1938" Bull.Agric.Congo-Belge,30:664-670

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Suppl6ment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy, CIFA Occassional Paper No 3: i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8

003 Arnoult,J. 1954 "Reproduction du Tilapia nigra" Nat.malgache,6(1-2):85-86

004 Balarin,J. D. & Haller,R.D. 1982 "The Intensive Culture of Tila- piss in Tanks, Raceways and Cages" : 265-355 in:(Muir,J.F. & Roberts,R.J.; Eds.) Recent Advances in Aquaculture Groom Heim, London & Canberra; Westview Press, Boul- der, Colorado 453 PP ISBN 0-7099-0303-0

005 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in African University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 Pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1

006 Bard,J. 1957 "Le Dkveloppement, 116volution et l'avenir de la Pisciculture au Cameroun" Bulletin franqais de pisciculture,29(185):136-146

007 Bard,J. 1962 "Ou en est Actuellement la Pisciculture Africaine?" Revue Bois et Forets des Tropiques, No 83:31-47 (in French, English summary: What is the Present State of Fish Farming in Africa)

008 Bard,J. 1964 "Ou en est actuellement la pisciculture africaine?" Bulletin franqpis de pisciculture,37(214):5-28

009 Bardach,J.E.; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 in: "Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Fresh- water and Marine Organisms" Wiley-Interscience, New York-London, etc. 868 pp

010 Barnard,K.H. 1947 "A pictorial Guide to South African Fishes" Maskew Miller Ltd., Cape Town 226 pp

011 Barnard,K.H. 1948 "Revision of South African Cichlidae" Prov.Adm. of the Cape of Good Hope, Inl.Fish.Dept., Rep. 5:48-61

012 Beirens,L. 1944 "De Congoleesche Vischfauna" Uitg.Weetlust,Deurne-Antwerpen, 19 pp

013 Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, Part II" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:98-143 61

028 Hyder,M. 1970 "Histological Studies on the Testes of Pond Specimens of Tilapia nigra (Gunther)(Pisces, Cichlidae) and Their Implications of the Pituitary- Testis Relationship" Gen.Comp.Endocrinol.,14:198-211

029 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V.; Campbell,C.M. & Dadzie,S. 1974 "Methallibure Studies on Tilapia - II. Effect of Tilapia Pituitary Homogenate (TPH), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) and Testosterone Pro- pionate (TP) on the Testes of Methallibure-Treated Tilapia nigra" Gen.Comp.Endocrinol.,23(3):245-255

030 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V. & Stockell Hartree,A. 1979 qiethallibure Studies on Tilapia. III. Effects of Tilapia Parti- ally Purified Pituitary Gonadotrophic Fractions on the Testes of Methallibure-Treated Sarotherodon spi- lurus (= Tilapia nigra)" Gen.Comp.Endocrinol.,39:475-480

031 Kiener,A. 1957 "Afrique-Madagascar sous le signe du Tilapia" Bull.Madagascar,7(129):107-129

032 Kiener,A. 1959 "Bilan du Tilapia A Madagascar et Problame Riz- Tilapia" Bull.Madagascar,9(160):765-774 & Bull.Madagascar,9(161):837-856

033 Kiener,A. 1960/61 "Afrique-Madagascar sous le signe des grands lacs Bull.Madagascar,(176):43-74

034 Leatherland,J.F.. Ball,J.N. & Hyder,M. 1974 "Structure and Fine Structure of the Hypophyseal Pars Distalis in Endi- genous African Species of the Genus Tilapian Cell Tiss.Res.,149:245-266

035 Leatherland,J.F.; Hyder,M. & Ensor,D.M. 1974 "Regulation of Plasma Na+ and IC+ Concentrations in Five African Species of Tilapia Fishes" Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,48A:699-710

036 Lincer,J.L.; Zalkind,D.; Brown,L.H. & Hoperaft,J. 1981 "Organochlorine Residues in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes" Journal of Applied Ecology,18:157-171

037 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264

038 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

039 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy: i-x + 299 pp 63

052 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1960 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds III-The Early Growth of Males and Females at Compa- rable Stocking Rates, and the Length/Weight Relation- ship" East Afr.Agric.J.,25(3):169-173

053 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1960 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds IV-The Seasonal Growth of Male T. nigra" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,26(2):79-86

054 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1961 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds V-The Effect of Progressive Alterations in Stocking Density on the Growth of Male T. nigra" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,26(3):145-155

055 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1961 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds VI-The effect of Selective Cropping Methods on Bree- ding Populations" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,26(4):202-209

056 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1961 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds VII-Survival and Growth of Tagged and Untagged Males of Different Sizes" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,27(1):10-12

057 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Diagnoses and Key to the Juveniles of Ti- lapia (Pisces Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129-136

058 Whitehead,P.J. 1959 "Feeding Mechanism of Tilapia nigra" Nature, London 184(4697)0509-1510

059 Whitehead,P.J. 1960 "Interspecific Hybrids of Tilapia: T. nigra X T. zillii" Nature, London 187(4740):878

060 Whitehead,P.J.P. 1962 "The Relationship between Tilapia nigra (anther) and T. mossambica Peters in the Eastern Rivers of Kenya" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,138:605-637

061 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

062 Worthington,E.B. 1932 "A Report on the Fisheries of Uganda - Investigated by the Cambridge EXpedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-31" publ. on behalf of the Govnmt of Uganda Protectorat by the Crown Agents for the Colonies, London 88 pp

063 Zupanc,G.K.H. 1982 "Fische und ihr Verhalten Die Erforschung der geheimnisvollen Welt unter Wasser" Tetra Verlag, Melle (F.R.G.) 182 pp 65

7.15. pond culture 14.1. growth after maturity 019, 024, 031, 033, 042, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 050 053, 054, 055,056 15. Morphology 7.15.1. pond soils analysis 060 051 7.16. raceways 16. Movements of fish 004 022 7.17. reproduction 003 17. Popular books/literature 040, 041, 044,063 7.18. rice-fish culture 032 18. Salinity 7.19, size 034, 035, 060 022 19. Scales 7.20. stocking 043 7.20.1. density 053,054 20. Sex ratio 7.20.2. overstocked conditions 022,023 050,054 21. Sexual dimorphism 7.20.3. rates 038 052 7.20.4. reduced stocking 22. Spermatogenesis 050 027 7.21. tank culture 22.1. spermatogenetic changes 004 028

Genetics 23. Stunting 061 023

Habitat preferences 24. Systematics (Taxonomy, Identification Keys) 022,043 011, 013, 014, 020, 037, 046, 047, 057, 060

Hierarchies 25. Temperatures (Effects) 023 018, 051, 053, 061

Introductions, on 26. Testes 023 029, 030

Male growth superiority 27. Testis, histological studies 023 027,028

Marking/Tagging Experiments 28. Toxicity 056 28.1. Pesticide residues 036

Maturity 29. Weather conditions 022 053

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.2. Congo/Zaire 001, 002, 004,005, 006, 007, 008, 010, 012, 013, 001, 012, 019 014, 015, 016, 018, 019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024, 1.3. Katanga 026, 036, 037, 038, 039, 043, 046, 048, 049, 050, 024 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 059, 060, 062, 063 1.4. Kenya 015, 016, 020, 021, 022, 036, 038, 043, 048, 049, 1.1. Cameroon 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 059, 060, 062, 006 063 Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Ruppell, 1852 first described by: RUppell,E. 1852 "Verzeichnis der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen naturfor- schenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Sam- lungen. Vierte Abtheilung:Fische und deren Skelette" Verz.Mus.Senck.,4:1-40 (Sarotherodon melanotheron)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Chromis microcephalus GUnther,A. 1862 "Catalogue of the Fishes Chromis macrocephalus in the British Museum" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Vol. IV, 534 pp

Melanogenes microcephalus Bleeker,P. 1863 "Igmoire sur les Poissons Melanogenes macrocephalus de la ate de Guinbe" Nat.Verh.Holl.Mij.Wet.Haarlem,2° vers. D1 13, 136 pp

Tilapia microcephala Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African Tilapia macrocephala and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, Part II" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:9S-143 Tilapia microcephala various authors

Tilapia macrocephala various authors

Tilapia heudeloti various authors

Tilapia heudeloti macrocephala various authors

Tilapia (Sarotherodon) melanotheron Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr.,Tervuren/Belg., Doc. Zool. No 14, i-xl + 406 pp

Tilapia melanotheron various authors

67 69

013 Aronson,L.R. & Kaplan,H. 1968 "Function of the Teleostean Forebrain" :107-125 in: D. Ingle (Ed.) The Central Nervous System and Fish Behavior University of Chicago, USA (T. heudeloti macroc.)

014 Atz,J. 1953 "Cichlids and Geography. Part I. Salt Water Cichlids" Aquar.Journal,No 12:290-296

015 Atz,J.W. 1965 "Hermaphroditic Fish" Science,150:789-797

016 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 PP ISBN 0 901636 23 1

017 Bardach,J.E.; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 in: Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms Wiley-Interscience,New York-London, etc. 868 pp

018 Barlow,G.W. & Green,R.F. 1969 "Effect of Relative Size of Mate on Color Patterns in a Mouthbreeding Cichlid Fish, Tilapia melanotheron" Commun.Behav.Biol.,4:71-78

019 Barlow,G.W. & Green,R.F. 1970 "The Problems of Appeasement and of Sexual Roles in the Courtship Behavior of the Blackchin Mouthbreeder, Tilapia melanotheron (Pisces,Cichlidae)" Behaviour,36:84-115

020 Bauchot,M.L. & Blanc,M. 1961 "Poissons marins de l'Est Atlan- tique Tropical. II. Percoidei (T6léostbens Perci- formes) le partie" Atlantide Report, Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coast of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946; 1961(6):65-100

021 Bauer,J. 1962 "Eine Zwillingsbildung bei Tilapia macrocephala" DATZ Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift,15(12): 3 65-3 67

022 Behrend,E.R. & Bitterman,M.E. 1962 "Probability Learning" Science,137:921-922

023 Blay,J. 1974 "The breeding of Tilapia melanotheron in two la- goon systems in Cape Coast area" Unpublished B.Sc. (Hons), Zoology project report, University of Cape Coast, Ghana/Africa 71

035 Boyle,W.L. & Gorecki,D. 1961 "The So-Called ahloride Cell of the Fish Gill" Physiol.Zobl.,34(2):81-85

036 Ellis,K.R. 1969 "An Ethological Study of Tilapia h. macro- cephala in Small Groups" Ph.D.Thesis, University of Toronto, Canada

037 Engmann,P. (n.d.) "Die Cichliden der Alten Welt. II. Teil: Die Maulbrüter" Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Heft 22: 24 pp (T. microcephala) Verlag G. Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig

038 Eyeson,K.N. 1979 "Studies on Egg Production, Spawning and Fry Development in Tilapia melanotheron" Ghana J.Sci.,17(1):25-34

039 Eyeson,K.N. 1980 (in press) "Some observations on the biology of Tilapia melanotheron in the Cape Coast lagoon" Ghana J.Sci.

040 Eyeson,K.N. 1983 "Stunting and Reproduction in Pond-Reared Sarotherodon melanotheron" Aquaculture,31:257-267

041 Fagade,S.O. 1971 "The food and feeding habits of Tilapia spe- cies in the Lagos Lagoon" J.Fish Biol.,3:151-156

042 Fagade,S.O. 1974 "Age determination in Tilapia melanotheron (Ruppell) in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, with a discussion of the environmental and physiological basis of growth markings in the tropics" :71-77 in: Bagenal,T.B. (Ed.) The ageing of fishes. Proc. of an International Symposium, Unwin Brothers Ltd., The Graham Press, Old Woking, Surrey, England

043 Fishelson,L. 1966 "Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden Entwick- lungsgeschichte der Gattung TILAPIA (Cichlidae, Teleostei)" Zool.Jb.Anat.,83:571-656 (in German, English summary)

044 Fowler,H.W. 1920 "The Fishes of the United States Eclipse Expe- dition to West Africa" Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,56(2294):242-287 (T. heudeloti; Ashantee - spec.)

045 Frey,H. 1978 "Buntbarsche - Cichliden" Zierfisch-Monographien Band 4, 146 pp Verlag J. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen-Berlin-Basel- Wien ISBN 3-7888-0250-2 73

057 Jakowska,S. 1950 "Spermatogenesis in the Ciehlid fish Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker)" Trans.Amer.Microsc.Soc.,69:403-412

058 Kaplan,H.G. 1968 "Function of the Forebrain and the Cere- bellum in the Acquisition and Performance of a Conditioned Avoidance Response in the Teleost Fish, Tilapia heudelotii macrocephala" Ph.D.Thesis, New York University, USA

059 Kaplan,H. & Aronson,L.R. 1967 "Effect of Forebrain Ablation on the Performance of a Conditioned Avoidance Res- ponse in the Teleost Fish, Tilapia h. macrocephala" Anim.Behav.,15:438-448

060 Kaplan,H. & Aronson,L.R. 1969 "Function of Forebrain and Cere- bellum in Learning in the Teleost Tilapia heudelotii macrocephala" Bull.Amer.Mus.Nat.Hist.,142(2):141-208

061 Lachner,E.A.; Robins,C.R. & Courtenay,W.R. jr. 1970 "Exotic Fishes and Other Aquatic Organisms Introduced into North America" Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No 59:1-29

062 Levy,M. & Aronson,L.R. 1955 1Morphological Effects of Castra- tion and Hormone Adminstration in the Male Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala" Anat.Record (Philad.),Amer.Soc.Zool.,122:450-451 abstract No 70

063 Loiselle,P.V. 1970 "Fishes of the Coastal Lagoons of Togo" The Aquarium, Vol. 3(10):36-45

064 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

065 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poisson8 d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 PP

066 Mayland,H.J. 1976 "Die Buntbarsche Afrikas" Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 75, 232 pp, 8 pis A. Philler Verlag, Minden (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7907 0075 4 067 Mayland,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden und Fischzucht" GroBe Aquarienpraxis, Band III, 448 PP LandbUch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.), ISBN 3 7842 0194 6

068 Moss,M.L. 1961 "Studies of the Acellular Bone of Teleost Fish 1. Morphological and systematic variations" Acta anat.,46:343-362

069 Moss,M.L. 1962 "Studies of the Acellular Bone of Teleost Fish. II. Response to Fracture Under Normal and Acalcemic Conditions" Acta anat.,48:46-60 75

083 Philippart,J.-Cl. & Ruwet,J.-01. 1982 "Ecology and distribution of tilapias" :15-59 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp. Inteimational Center for Li- ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

084 Pinter,H. 1981 "Cichliden Buntbarsche im Aquarium" Verlag E. Ulmer, Stuttgart (F.R.G.) 184 pp ISBN 3-8001-7058-2

085 Popper,A.N. 1977 "A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Saccus and Lagena in the Ears of 15 Species of Te- leost Fishesn J.Morphol.,153(3):397-418

086 Seela,G. 1982 "Ein neuer afrikanischer MaulbrUter, Sarotherodon spec. Aquarien Terrarien (G.D.R.),29(8):272-274

087 Shafland,P.L. & Pestrak,J.M. 1982 "Lower lethal temperatures for fourteen non-native fishes in Florida" Env.Biol.Fish.,7(2):149-156

088 Shaw,E.S. 1951 "Further Studies on the Extra-Oral Embryonic Survival of the Mouthbreeding Fish, Tilapia macroce- phalan Anat.Rec.,111(3):449-450

089 Shaw,E.S. 1952 "The Role of Oral Incubation in the Embryonic Survival of the Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker)" Ph.D.Thesis, New York University, USA

090 Shaw,E.S. 1954 "Oral incubation in Tilapia macrocephala 1. Embryological Studies" Bull.Amer.Mus.Nat.Hist.,103(5):379-390

091 Shaw,E. 1956 "Two weeks in Father's Mouth" Natural History,65 (photo serie egg to young fish)

092 Shaw,E.S. & Aronson,L.R. 1954 "Oral incubation in Tilapia macro- cephala 2. Experimental Studies" Bull.Amer.Mus.Nat.Hist.,103(5):391-415

093 Shirokova,E.N. 1983 "Dinamika nakopleniya kadmiya v period rannego ontogeneza nekororykh ryb" :93-101 Fisziologicheskie osnovy vosproizvodstva morskihk i prokhodnykh ryb SB.Nauchn.Tr.Vniro, Moscow,USSR ISSN 0372-2864 (Dynamics of cadmium accumulation during early onto- gensis in some fishes,:93-101 in: Physiological Basis of Reproduction of Marine and Anadromous Fishes)

094 Silliman,R.P. 1972 "Effect of Crowding on Relation Between Ex- ploitation and Yield in Tilapia macrocephala" U.S.Fish. & Wildl.Serv.,Fishery Bulletin,70(3): 693-698 77

106 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilian :45-59 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-008781

107 Trewavas,E. & Irvine,F.R. 1947 "Fresh-Water Fishes" :221-282 in: Irvine,F.R.I Brown,A.P.; Norman,J.R. & Trewavas, E. (Eds.) The Fishes and Fisheries of the Gold Coast Crown Agents, London 352 pp

108 van Banning,P. 1974 "A new species of Paeonodes (Therodamasidae, Cyclopoida), a parasitic of the fish Tilapia melanotheron from the Sakumo-lagoon, Ghana, Africa" Beaufortia,22(286):1-7

109 Vernick,S.H. 1962 "The effects of temperature, light and high frequency radio waves upon the embryonic development of Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker)" Ph.D.Thesis, Foronam Univ., USA 67 pp

110 von Kraft,A. & Peters,H.M. 1963 "Vergleichende Studien Uber die Oogenese in der Gattung Tilapia (Cidhlidae, Teleostei)" Z.Zellforschung,61:434-485 (T.macrocephala)

111 Weiss,R.E. & Watanabe,N. 1978 "Studies on the Biology of Fish Bone. Part 2. Bone Matrix ahanges During Resorption" Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,61A(2):245-252 (T. macrocephala)

112 Weiss,R.E. & Watanabe,N. 1979 "Studies on the Biology of fish Bone. 3. Ultrastructure of Osteogenesis and Resorption in Osteocytic Cellular and Anosteocytic Acellular Bones" Calcif.Tissue Int.,28(1):43-56 (T. macrocephala)

113 Weitzman,R.A. 1959 "A comparison of the performance of rats and fish on a probalistic discriminative learning prob- lem" Dissertation, Princeton University, USA

114 Weitzman,R.A. 1967 "Positional Matching in Rats and Fish" J.Comp.Physiol.Psychol.,63(1):54-59 (T. macrocephala)

115 Welcomme,R.L. 1972 "An evaluation of the acadja method of fishing as practised in the coastal lagoons of Dahomey (West Africa) J.Fish Biol.,4:39-55

116 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of .Tilapias" ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

117 Wukasch,H. 1982 "Ein neuer Cichlide aus Westafrika" Aquarian Terrarien (G.D.R.),29(8):274-276 79

Circulatory system 21.1. cellular elements 043 056 21.2. chloride cells Colour 035 12.1 effects of relative size on mate on colour patterns 21.3, endocrine experiments 018 004 12.2. patterns 21.4. hormones, drugs (effects) 018 008, 011, 062

Development of the young 21.4.1. estradiol 029 011 21.4.2. estrogens Diseases/Parasites 062 075, 077, 078, 108 21.4.3. gonadal hormones 14.1. body anomalies 011 021 21.4.4. hormone administration 062 Distribution 083, 106 21.4.5. testosterone 011,062 Ecology 21.5. hypothalamic stimulation 047, 076, 083, 106 032,033

Eggs 22. Ethological studies 038, 040, 046,093, 110 036 17.1. comparative studies 110 23. Eyes 043 17.2. membrane morphology 093 24. Fecundity 17.3. numbers 040 040 Fertilization 17.4. production 090 038 17.5. size variation 046 Fins 043 17.6. weight 046 27. Fisheries 016, 017, 023, 026, 040, 041, 064, 074, 077, 078, Electropherogram 094, 096, 107, 115 18.1. muscle protein 27.1. breeding 046 023 Embryogenesis 27.2. crowding 093 094 27.3. digestion Embryology/Young stages 025 088, 089, 090, 093, 109 27.4. digestive 20.1. embryonic development 27.4.1. organs 20.1.1. high frequency radio waves 048 109 27.4.2. strategies 20.12. light frequency radio waves 109 079 27.4.3. tracts 20.1.3. stages in 090,109 048 20.2. studies 27.5. exploitation 090 094 supplemental feeding) 20.3. survival 27.6. feeding (incl. 088, 089 025, 032,033 27.7. food Endocrinology 041, 077, 106 008, 011, 035, 062 81

47. Oral cavity, survival in adults 58.1. lateral-line canal 090 030

Oral incubation Schreckstoff, released by young 038, 089, 090, 091, 092 046

Sperm 48.1. experimental studies 090 092 Spermatogenesis Osteogenesis 056, 057,090 112 Stunting Ova 040 090 Systematic/Taxonomy (Identification keys) Ovulation 026, 054, 080, 103, 104, 105, 106 010 Temperature (Effects) Physiology 049, 087, 106, 109,116 004

Testis Pigmentation 057 043 65.1. histological studies Popular literature 056 014, 037, 045, 050, 052, 063, 066, 067, 084, 086, 65.2. morphology 097, 098, 099, 117 056

Range Toxine 087 66.1. toxicity 093 Recognition by blind individual 66.2. heavy metals 046 093 Salinity (Brackish water) Visual stimuli, effects of 571 . tolerance 006 106

Scales 030, 031, 042, 043

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.6. Nigeria 016, 023, 024, 026, 028, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 041, 042 044, 053, 063, 064, 065, 074, 075, 076, 077, 078, 1.7. Sakumo Lagoon 079, 081, 107, 108, 115 074, 075, 076, 077, 078, 108 1.1. Dahomey 1.8. West Africa 053, 064, 115 044, 079, 115 1.2. Ghana 023, 038, 039, 040, 074, 075, 076, 077, 078, 108 2. U.S.A. 1.3. Gold Coast 061, 087, 096 107 2.1. Florida 1.4. Ivory Coast 027, 061, 087, 096 028 1.5. Niger Delta 024 83

Tilapia deschauenseei Fowler,H.W. 1931 "The Fishes obtained by the De Schauensee South African Expedition - 1930" Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philad.,83:233-249

Fowler,H.W. 1935 "Scientific Results of the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, March to September, 1930. Freshwater Fishes" Ann.Transv.Mus.,16(2):251-293 85

014 Bell-Cross,G. 1974 "A fisheries survey of the Upper Zambezi River SystemII Occ.Pap.natn.Mus.Rhod.,B5(5):279-338

015 Bell-Cross,G. 1976 "The Fishes of Rhodesia" Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Salisbury,Rhodesia 268 pp

016 Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, Part II" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:98-143

017 Boulenger,G.A. 1901 "Les Poissons du Bassin Du Congo" Publ.Etat Ind6p.Congo, 529 pp

018 Boulenger,G.A. 1911 "On a collection of fishes from the lake Ngami basin, Bechuanaland" Trans.Zool.Soc.London,18(5):399-418

019 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit.Mus. (Nat.Hist.), Vol. III, 526 pp

020 Bowen,S.H. 1982 "Feeding, digestion and growth - qualitative considerations" :141-156 in:Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias; ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Li- ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philip- pines

021 Bowmaker,A.P. 1964 "Research Results - Lake Bangweulu II. - Predation by Phalacrocorax africanus (Gmelin) on Lakes Mweru and Bangweulu": 14-20 in: Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. No 11,1961,121 pp

022 Bruton,M.N. 1979 "The fishes of Lake Sibaya" :162-245 in: Allanson,B.R. (Ed.) Lake Sibaya Monographiae Biologicae, 36; 364 pp

023 Bruton,M.N. 1979 "The food and feeding behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces:Clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with emphasis on its role as a predator of cichlids" Trans.zool.Soc.London,35:47-114

024 Bruton,M.N. 1980 "An Outline of the Ecology of the Mgobezeleni Lake System at Sodwana, with Emphasis on the Mangrove Community" : 408-426 in: Bruton,M.N. & Cooper,K.H. (Eds.) Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland Rhodes University and The Natal Branch of The Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, 560 pp ISBN 0 86810 035 8

025 Bruton,M.N. & Appleton,C.C. 1975 "Survey of Mgobezeleni Lake- System in Zululand, with a Note on the Effect of a Bridge on the Mangrove Swamp" Trans.roy.Soc.S.Afr.,41(3):283-294 87

038 Collins,H.L. 1972 1Mouth Brooding Behavior in the Substrate Spawning Cichlid, Tilapia Sparrmani" Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science,38(1): 17-18

039 Crass,R.S. 1959 "Tilapia in Natal" :29-31 in: Procs. 1st Fish Day in S. Rhodesia, Aug. 1957, Government Printer, Salisbury

040 Crass,R.S. 1960 "Notes on the Freshwater Fishes of Natal with Descriptions of Four New Species" Ann.Natal Museum,14(3):405-458

041 Crass,R.S. 1964 "Freshwater Fishes of Natal" Shuter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg, Natal 167 pp

042 de Bont,A.F. 1950 "Rapport annuel 1947-1948 de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,41(2):473-538

043 de Bont,A.F. 1954 "Station de Recherches Piscicoles A Eli- sabethville Rapports annuels No 2 (1949) et No 3 (1950)" Bull.Agric.Congo belge,45(1):157-184

044 de Kimpe,P. 1956 "1166tation phanbrogamique et plancton" :1149-1156 in: de Bont,A.F. "Station de Recherches Piscicoles h Kipopo (Elisabethville) Rapport annuels No 6 (1954) et No 7 (1955)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):1089-1164

045 Donnelly,B.G. 1969 "Observations on the temperature preferenda of three cichlid fishes, Tilapia mossambica Peters, Tilapia sparrmanii A. Smith and Hemihaplochromis philander (A. Weber)" Unpubl. honours project, Rhodes Univ. Grahamstown

046 Douthwaite,R.J. 1982 "Changes in Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) feeding related to Endosulfan Pollution From Tsetse Fly Control Operations in the Okavango Delta, Bots- wana" Journal of Applied Ecology,19:133-141

047 Dudley,R.G. 1974 "Growth of Tilapia of the Kafue Floodplain Zambia Predicted Effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam" Trans.Amer.Fish.Soc.,103(2):281-291

048 Dudley,R.G. & Scully,R.J. 1980 "Changes in experimental gillnet catches from the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia, since construction of the Kafue Gorge DamII J.Fish Biol.,16:521-537

049 du Plessis,S.S. 1945 "Observations on the Habits of Tilapia sparrmanii" Prov.Administr.,Cape of Good Hope,Inl.Fish.Dept. Report No 2:8-9 89

062 Gaigher,I.A. 1973 "The Habitat preferences of fishes from the Limpopo River System, Transvaal and Mocambique" Koedoe, 16:103-116

063 Gaigher,I.G. & Pott,R.Mc.C. 1973 "Distribution of Fishes in Southern Africa" South Afr.J.Sci.,69:25-27

064 Gilchrist,J.D.F. & Thompson,W.W. 1917 "The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa" Ann.S.Afr.Mus.,Vol.11(6),5:465-575

065 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "Cichlids" T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 254 pp ISBN 0-87666-020-0

066 Goldstein,R.J. 1973 "cichlids of the worldfl T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City, N.J. 07753 USA 382 pp

067 Harrison,A.C. 1963 "Fresh water fish and fishing in Africa" ahapter 1., Cape Province; Nelson, Johannesburg

068 Hecht,T. 1979 "The Value of Otoliths in Fresh Water Fisheries Biology and Taxonolny" Series A19, University of the North, Pietersburg; Rep. South Africa 17 pp

069 Hepburn,H.R.; Berman,N.J.; Jacobson,H.J. & Fatti,L.P. 1973 Trends in Arthropod Defensive Secretions, an Aquatic Predator Assay" Oecologia (Berl.),12:373-382

070 Hey,D. 1978 "The Fauna and Flora of Southern Africa and their Conservation" Dept. Nat.Environm.Conservation,Cape prov.Administr., Cape Town 48 PP 071 Huet,M. 1948 'Mission Piscicole du Katanga 1946-1947" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,39(4):911-934

072 Hulot,A. 1950 "Le Rkgime alimentaire des Poissons du Centre africain Int6r8t éventuel de ces poissons en vue dlune Zootechnie bconomique (1)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,41(1):145-176

073 Ishibashi,N. 1974 "Feeding, Starvation and Weight Changes of Early Fish Larvae" :339-344 in: Blaxter,J.H.S. (Ed.) The Early Life History of Fish (Proc.Intern.Symp. held at the Dunstaffnage Marine Res.Labor. of the Scottish Marine Biol. Assoc. at Oban, Scotland, from May 17-23, 1973) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 765 pp 91

088 Kramer,S. 1969 "T. sparrmani and the evolution of oral incu- bation in Tilapia (Cichlidae)" Amer.Soc.Zool.,9(4):1074 (abstract)

089 Lebrun,P. 1982 "Tilapia sparrmanii A. Smith, 1840" CICHLIDAE 8(7):175-182 Belgische Cichliden Ver- eniging

090 Le Roux,P.J. 1956 "Feeding Habits of the Young of Four Spe- cies of Tilapia" South Afr.J.Sci.,53(2):33-37

091 Loiselle,P.V. 1974 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Chilwa-Chiuta Depression" Buntbarsche Bulletin No 44:6-12 American Cichlid Association

092 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh- waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

093 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1982 "Tilapias in fish communities" :83-113 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias, ICIARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Li- ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philip- pines

094 Marshall,B .E. & Lockett,C.A. 1976 "Juvenile Fish Population in the Marginal Areas of Lake McIlwaine, RhodesiaII J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr.,2(2):37-42

095 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp

096 Matthiessen,P. 1981 "Haematological changes in fish following aerial spraying with endosulfan insecticide for tse- tse fly control in Botswana" J.Fish Biol.,18:461-469

097 Mayland,H.J. 1978 "Cidhliden und Fischzucht" GroBe Aquarienpraxis, Band III, 448 pp Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7842 0194 6

098 Mayland,H.J. 1982 "Der Malawi-See und seine Fische" Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) 336 pp ISBN 3 7842 0257 8

099 Meinken,H. (n.d.) "Tilapia sparrmani Andrew Smith" Aquarienfische in Wort und Bid, :799/800

100 Morawa,F. 1964 "Bedeutung, Verbreitung und Lebensgewohnheiten einiger Buntbarscharten (Tilapiae)" Der Fischwirt,14(5):135-142 93

113 Ricardo,C.K. 1939 "Report on the Fish and Fisheries of Lake RUkwa in Tanganyika Territory and the Bangweulu Region in Northern Rhodesia" Crown Agents for the Colonies, London 78 pp

114 Ricardo-Bertram,C.K. 1943 "The Fishes of the Bangweulu-Region" J.Linn.Soc.,(Zool.),London, 41:183-217

115 Ricardo Bertram,C.K.; Borley,H.J.H. & Trewavas,E. 1942 "Report on the Fish and Fisheries of Lake Nyasa" Crown Agents, London 181 pp

116 Rowe-Rowe,D.T. 1971 "Rotenone Tolerances of Some Freshwater Fishes of Natal" Prog. Fish-Cult.,33(4):206-209

117 Ruth,D.J. & Mortimer,M.A.E. 1965 "The Transport of Live Fish in Northern Rhodesian Prog.Fish-Cult.,:121-128

118 Schoenen,P. 1978 "Cichliden von A-Z Tilapia sparrmanii SMITH, 1840" DOG-Info 9(10) Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft e.V.

119 Smith,J.L.B. 1937 "Fresh-water Fishes of Eastern Cape Province" in: A Guide to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Part II. Reptiles, Amphibians and Fresh-water Fishes :119-141 Albany Museum, Grahamstown repr. 1969 in Vol. 1, Ichthyol.Papers :215-237 J.L.B.Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown

120 Soulsby,J. J. 1960 "Some Congo Basin Fishes of N. Rhodesia" North.Rhod.Journa1,4(3):231-246

121 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten" E. Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp

122 Taljaard,E.J. 1964 "Statistics of the Northern Fisheries Areas, 1961" :59-71 Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. No 11, 1961, 121 pp

123 Thompson,K.W. 1981 "Karyotypes of six species of African Cich- lidae (Pisces: Perciformes)" Experientia, 37:351-352

124 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1964 "Révision systbmatique des espaces congolaises du genre Tilapia (Pisces,Cichli- dae)" Ann.Mus.roy.Afr.Centr., in-8°, Sci.Zool. No 124, 155 pp

125 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14 i-xl + 406 pp 95

139 Williams,N.V. 1960 "A Review of the Kafue River Fishery" Rhod.Agric.J.,57(1):86-92

140 Williams,R. 1971 "Fish Ecology of the Kafue River and Flood Plain Environment" Fish.Res.Bull.Zambia,5:305-330

141 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 97

24.5.4. processing 31. Hydrobiology 075 031 24.6. feeding (incl. supplemental feeding) on 020,073 32. Introductions, 106 24.6.1. feeding ecology 075 33. Kidney 24.6.2. feeding habits 061 030,090 33.1. Histology 24.6.3. feeding regimes 061 075 33.2. Morphology 24.7. feeds, toxins in 061 075 Life History 24.8. food 106 115

24.9. Grovvth Mangrove community 020, 047 024,025 24.10. intensive culture 004 36. Migrat on of fish 078 24.11. length frequency 028 37. Mineral requirements 24.12. nutrient requirements 075 075 Morphology 24.13. pond culture 058, 059 039, 042, 071 24.14. prey Motor patterns 023 133 24.15. sampling fish 029 40. Nest 056 24.16. size 056 41. Oral incubation, evolution 24.17. statistics 088 122 24.18. transport systems 42. Otoliths 117 068

24.19. weight changes 43. Ova 073 032 25. Genetics 123, 132,141 44. Oxygen consumption 073 25.1. chromosomes 123, 132 45. Pair formation 25.2. karyotypes 088 123,132 46. Popular literature Gonads 002, 054, 055, 065, 066, 082, 083, 089, 091, 097, 032 098, 099,110, 118,121

Gut contents of fish eating birds 47. Predator assay 021 069

Habitat preferences 48. Protein 062 48.1. requirements, qualitative 075 Habits 049 48.2. requirements, quantitative 075 Haematology 48.3. sources 30.1. haematological changes 075 096 99

1.30. Swaziland 1.35. Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) 035 012, 013, 015, 074, 076, 077, 078, 079, 085, 094, 101, 102, 103, 117, 120, 122, 128, 129 1.31. Tongaland 126, 127 1.36. Zululand 025 1.32. Transvaal 050, 051, 053, 062, 086, 087, 090 2. U.S.A. 1.33. Zambezi 106 013,014,080, 092 2.1. California 1.34. Zambia 106 029, 030, 031, 047, 048, 052, 140 TITLES IN THIS SERIES

Preliminary bibliography of rice-fish culture. R.M. Temprosa and Z.H. Shehadeh. 1980. ICLARM Bibliographies 1, 20 p. A listing of over 300 references to research and development of the combined farming of rice and fish. $2.00 surface; $4.50 airmail.

An annotated bibliography of slipmouths (Pisces: Leiognathidae). D. Pauly and S. Wade-Pauly. 1981. ICLARM Biblio- graphies 2, 62 p. Contains over 900 references, with annotations and subject indices. $3.00 surface; $7.00 airmail.

A Gibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture. P. Schoenen. 1982. ICLARM Bibliographies 3, 336 p. Eight, separate, complete and indexed bibliographies on the commercially important tilapias are contained in this volume. $18.00 surface; $32.50 airmail.

A bibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture. Supplement 1. P. Schoenen. 1984. ICLARM Bibliographies 3, 191 p.

Supplement to the 1982 edition above. All references on Oreochromis macrochir, O. aureus, O. homorum, O. mos- sambicus, O. niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia rendalli and T. zillii published up to the end of 1983. $12.00 surface; $25.00 airmail.

Integrated agriculture-aquaculture: a general bibliography. R.S.V. Pullin and R.M. Temprosa. ICLARM Bibliographies 4. Available late 1985. This general annotated bibliography includes all the references collected by ICLARM on research findings and tech- nology development for food production systems involving the integration of aquatic and terrestrial crop and livestock husbandry. The specific areas covered are rice-fish culture; the culture of aquatic macrophytes with fish; integration of terrestrial crops with fish culture; livestock and poultry production integrated with fish culture and multi-component integrated farming systems. The use of sewage wastes and wastewater in fish culture is excluded.

A bibliography of the tridacnidae. J.L. Munro. ICLARM Bibliographies 5. Available late 1985.

References on giant clams, now becoming recognized as having great aquaculture potential.

A bibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture. P. Schoenen. 1985. ICLARM Bibliographies 6, 99 p.

Species include Oreochromis variabilis, O. andersonii, O. esculentus, O. leucostictus, O. mortimeri, O. spilurus niger, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia sparrmanii. $7.75 surface; $15.00 airmail.

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