AMV'__ BIBLIOGRAPHIES 6

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPORTANT (PISCES: CICHLIDAE) FOR AQUACULTURE Oreochromisvariabilis, 0 andersoni, 0. esculentus, 0. leucostictus, 0. rortimer, 0. spilurus niger, melanotheron and sparnmani

PETER SCHOENEN

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPORTANT TILAPIAS (PISCES: CICHLIDAE) FOR AQUACULTURE Oreochromls variabilis, 0. andersoni, 0. esculentus, 0. leucostictus, 0. mortimeri, 0. spilurus niger, Saro therodon melano theron and

Peter Schoenen International Collection " Papers" The Referencc Service Parkstr. 15 D-5176 Inden 4 Federal Republic of Germany

1985

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES A bibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture variabilis, 0. andersonii, 0. esculentus, 0. leucostictus, 0. mort/tmer, 0. spilunis niger, Sarotherodon melanothero,, ard -/ilapiasparrmanii

PETER SCHOENEN

Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MCC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines with financial assistance from the International Development Research Centre of Canada through ICLARM's Selective Information Service project.

1985

Printed in Manila, Philippins

This bibliography is produced directly from the author's manuscript in oider to provide tilapia workers with a useful document in the shortest time. The author should be consulted in the event of difficulty ir verifying details of particular references or in locating sources.

ISSN 0115-5997 ISBN 971-1022-19-2

Schoenen, P. 1985, A bibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture , 0. andersonii, 0. esculentus, 0. leucostictus, 0. mortimeri, 0. spilurut niger, Sarotherodon mela. notheron and Tilapia sparrrnanii. ICLAHM Biblio­ graphies 6,99 p. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines.

ICLARM Contribution No. 253 Contents

Preface ...... iv

Acknow ledgem ents ...... iv

Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) variabilis...... 1 Bibliography...... 2 Subject Index ...... 9 G eo ]raph ic Index ...... 11

Oreocn romis (Oreochromis) andersonii ...... 12 Bibliography ...... 13 Subject Index ...... 20 Geographic Index ...... 22

O,.eochromis (Oreochromis) esculentus ...... 23 Biblionraphy...... 24 Subject Index...... 33 Gucgtaphic Index ...... 35

Oreochromis (Orrochromis) leucostictus ...... 36 9ibliography ...... 37 Subject Index ...... 47 Geographic Index ...... 49

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) morirmeri ...... 51 Bibliography ...... 52 Subject Index ...... 56 Geographic Index ...... 57

Oreochromis (Oreochromis) spiiunus niger ...... 58 Bibliography...... 59 Subject Index ...... 64 Geographic Index ...... 65

Sarotherodon melanotheronmelanotheron ...... 67 Bibliography ...... 68 Subject Index ...... 78 Geographic Index ...... 81

Tilapia sparrmanii ...... 82 Bibliography...... 84 Subject Index ...... 96 Geographic Index ...... 98

ooIII Preface

In African an(l other tropical coountries ';veral Te:ies of tilapias are nowadays widely used fo; aquacul ture purposes. Ortochrolois notssamhiCts 0. Iloti;us and Tilapia zillii are, among others, the riost well known arld widespread speies. For that reiasor, my first biblio­ graphy (Schoetei, 191 2 "A Itihliogi ,lghy of 1rpo tiait Ilapias lPiks!cfl;: C(ichlida,) for Aqua­ culture" anid the 1984 Solnlhenint 1 hlt v.'ita thl,. ,ird flfe otihi, ';tW1C1W

In the laist tsvu il'n:nh', , . ','r .eil tnnlt', fli,;' niv. ,ifiei Th Ir efforts to find other tilapia. fortray; nronhiirJCilin; 'ol hrJv; (fmvndtn(l tf''nrsidvlv,, to tilap;as which are not so well-known through antnntnelto, :x..ern'o,

This seconrd hihiiafdpfny if ihc:t l tilkplli; dl wis th tho,,tlt pe:ies which are now becoming more and mow 1111p)n Idll f(ir J(liiJiiL1t(H1'.

I hope that this hlinio(paph, ,dl Ihtnf t:mficiil to all people working on tilapias.

If the user of this hibliogir;i)hy ;horild riotice, any errors or omissions, the author would be very pleased to receive d tails and i nlr; of tfn user's own papers.

Peter Schoenen March 1985

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to th( hollowing stsOs Ilt institUtions: - Prof. Dr. C.H. Fernando, FaLrur ty of Scence, Dept. Biology, Univ. Waterloo, Water­ loo, Ontario, Carna(a - Mr. Saul Livshniz Lihriara, Fish ino AgoacUlture Research Station, Dor, Israel - Mr. J.L. Maclean and ICLARM for the realization of the publication - nutmerous libr ares mind Many people for providing additional material.

0 ublications of the Reference Service in the ICLARM Series "A Bibliography of Important Tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for Aquaculture"

1) Shoenen, P. 1982. "A Bibliography of Importarnt Tilapias Witsces. Cirhhdae) for Aqua­ culture'. ICLARM BRihliographies 3, 333 p. ( included are' Oreochromis noacrochir, 0. aureus, 0. hortrorrjm, 0. nrossaIhijos, 0. niloticus, Sarotherrodotr galilavus, Tilapia rendal/i T. zuiu).

2) Schoenen, P. 1984. "A Bihliojr,!nly of Important Tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for Aqua­ culture. Oreoc/trofnls m,-croc,ur, 0. ,nlretus, 0. hortronm, 0. nossamh;c.ls, 0. ti/oticus, Sarot/rerolon tia/i/,its, Ti/apli, wwk/// nri T. zilii". ICLARM Bibliographies 3, Supple­ merit 1, 191 ).

iv Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) variabilis (Boulenger, 1j0 6 ) (formerly: Tilapia variabilis)

first described by: Bouleriger,G.A. 1906 "Description of new Fishes discovered by Mr. E. Degen in " Ann.Mag.Nat.1Hist.,Ser. 7, Vol. 17: 433-452 (Tilapia variabilis)

List of synonyms and inisidentifications

Tilapia galilaea (part) Pellegrin,J. 1905 "Mission scientifique de Ch. Alluaud en Afrique orientale (juin 1903 - mai 1904) Foisson:s. Ii. 3ystbrnatique" 1&m. Soc. Zoo.ik'rmce, 17, 1904: 174-185

Tilapia (Loruwialai) variabilis Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Amiotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r. Afr. Centi., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14: i-xl + 406 pp

Sarotherodon variabilis various authors 2

001 Albrecht,H. 1968 "Freiwasserbeobachtungen an Tilapien (Pis­ ces, Cichlidae) in Ostafrika" Z.Tierpsychol.,25(4):377-394

002 Ali,M.A. & Wagner,H.-J. 1975 "Visual Pigments: Phylogeny and Ecology" :481-516 in: Ali,M.A. (Ed.) Vision in Fishes: New approaches in Research Plenum Press, New York 003 Apfelbach,R. 1969 "Tilapia variabilis (Cichlid, ) Balz" Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, Ed.: G. Wolf Institut fUr den Wissenschaftlichen Film, Gdttin­ en (F.R.G.) Pubi. Wiss.Film, Sekt. Biol., Bd. III, 2):3-8 Film E 1135/1967 in German, English summary) 004 Apfelbach,R. 1969 "Tilapia variabilis (Cichlidae) Kampf zweier Minnchen" Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, Ed.: G. Wolf Institut fUr den Wissenschaftlichen Film, Gdttin­ en (F.R.G.) Publ. Wiss.Film, Sekt. Biol., Bd. III, 2):3-8 Film E 1156/1967 in German, English summary) 005 Apfelbach,R. 1969 "Tilapia variabilis (Cichlidae) Brutpflege" Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, Ed.: G. Wolf Institut fOr den Wissenschaftlichen Film, Gdttin­ I)en (F.R.G.) Publ. Wiss.Film, Sekt. Biol., Bd. III, 2):3-8 Film E 1202/1967 jin German, English summary) 006 Apfelbach,R. 1969 "Tilapia variabilis (Cichlidae) Laichablage" Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, Ed.: G. Wolf Institut fUr den Wissenschaftlichen Film, Gbttin­ en (F.R.G.) Fubl. Wiss.Film, Sekt. Biol., Bd. III, 2):3-8 Film E 1484/1969 in German, English summary) 007 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Supplbment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy; CIFA Occassional Paper No 5: i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8 008 Baker,J.R. 1958 "Protozoan Parasites" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1956-57, Appdx F:41-43

009 Balarin,J.D. & HattonJ.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in " University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland/ U.K. i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 010 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1955 "The danger of overfishing existing stocks of Tilapia with particular reference to Lake Victoria and the Kavirondo Gulf" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1954/1955, Appdx A:30-34 3

011 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1958 "Utilizing the natural Resources of Lake Victoria for the benefit of Fisheries and Agriculture" Nature,Londcn, 181(4624):1634-1636

012 Beauchamp,I{.S.A. 1960 "Utilizing the natural resources of Lake Victoria for the benefit of both fisheries and agriculture" :357-362 in: IUCN, "ith Techn.Meeting, Athens, Sept. 1958, Vol. 4 "Soil Lind water conservation" 013 Benda,R1.S. 1981 "A comparison of bottom tr_,awl catch rates in the Kenya waters of Lalce Victoria" J.Fish Biol.,18:609-61.')

014 Bergstrand,E . & (JordoneA.J . 197 Hxpior, -Bbottom Trawling in LaklJe Victoria" Air. J. Trop. Hydrobio!l ish. 1(1): 13]-23

015 Beverton,R.J.lH. 1959 "Report on the state of the Lake Victoria Fisheries" Fisheries Laborator y, Lowestoft,U.K. (mimeo.)

016 Boulenger,G.A. 1907 "The Fishes of the Nile" in: Anderson's Zoology of Egypt Publ. for the Egyptian Oovnm., H. Rees, Ltd., London 5'78 D

017 Boulenger,G.A. 1911 "On a third collection of Fishes made by Dr. E. Bayon in Jgmnda" Ann.Mus.Civ.Stor.Nat.Genova,Ser. 3,Vol. 5:64-78

018 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 "Catalogue oC the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit.Mus.(Nat. list.), London Vol. III, 526 pp

019 Copley,H. 1952 "The Tilapiac of Kenya Colony" East Afr. Aric.J. ,18:30-34

020 Cridland,C.C. 1960 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp. I. The value of Various Foods" ffydrobiologia, 15: 135-160

021 Dobbs,C.M. 1927 "Fishing in the Kavirondo Gulf, Lake Victoria" J .East Afr. Uganda nat.Hist. Soc ., No. 30:97-109 6 uls 022 Fryer,G. 1960 "Observations on TilapiL variabilis and T. zillii" East Afr. Freshw. Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1959, Appdx D:23-24 023 Fryer,G. 1960 "The Biology of Tilapia variabilis" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann.Rep. for 1960, Appdx B: 18 4

024 Fryer,G. 1961 "Observations on the biology of the cichlid fish Tilapia variabilis Boulenger in the northern waters of Lake Victoria (East Africa)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,64(-2):1-33 025 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The CichlLd Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and " Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0 026 Garrod,D.J. 1957 "An Analysis of Records of Gillnet Fishing in Pilkington Bay, Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org., Suppl. Publ. 2:1-17 027 Garrod, D.J, 1960 "The Fisheries of Lake Victoria, 1954-1959" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,26(1):42_ 48 028 Garrod,D.J. 1960 "The Waigalla Fishery" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1959 Appdx C:18-22

029 Garrod,D.J. 1960 "Fish Population Studies on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Ir'eshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep., Appdx A: 12-17 030 Garrod,D.J. 1963 "An Estimation of the Mortality Rates in a Population of Tilapia esculente Grahaam (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" J.Fish.Res. Bd. Canada, 20(1) : 195-227 031 Gee,J.M. 1968 "Trawling Operations on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1967 Appcdx G:55-61 032 Gee,J.M. & Gilbert,M.P. 1967 "Experimental Trawling Operations on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1966 Appdx D:33-46 033 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "" T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 254 pr ISBN 0-87666-020-0 034 Graham,M. 1928 "Tilapia esculenta, a new species of cichlid fish from the Victoria Nyanza, with notes on the habits of this species and the nearly-related Ti­ lapia variabilis, Blgr." Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,Ser. 10, Vol. 2:209-213, pls. ix-xi 035 Graham,M. 1929 "The Victoria Nyanza and its fisheries" Crown Agents, London 1-255 figs. 1-64 036 Greenwood,P.H. 1957 "The Fishes of Uganda, IV" The Uganda Journal,21:202-217 5 037 Hamblyn,E.L. 1966 "A Note on the Inshore Fish Population of Napoleon Gulf (Lake Victoria)" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1965 Appdx B:23-35 038 Holden,M.J. 1955 "Ring formation in the scales of Tilapia variabilis Boulenger and Tilapia esculenta Gra­ ham from Luke Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1954/55, Appdx C:36-40 039 Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "Progress and present status of Aquaculture in Tanzania": 132-146 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/Rome, CIFA Tech.Pap. (4), Suppl. 1 791 pp 040 Kudhongania,W.A. 1973 -Past Trends and Recent Research on the Fisheries of Lake Victoria in Relation to Possible Future Developments" Afr.J.Trop. ydrobiol.Fish.Spec.Issue 11:93-106 041 Kudhongania,A.W. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Batho-Spatial Distribution Pattern and Biomass Estimate of the Major Demersal Fishes in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fi.sh.,3:17-; 1 042 Kudhongania,A. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Past trends, present stocks and possible future state of the fisheries of the Tanzania part of the Lak, Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish. ,3(2):167- 181 043 Lockley,G.J. 1949 "The Families of Freshwater Fishes of Tan­ ganyika Territory, with a Key to their Identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,14(4):212-218 044 Lowe,R.H. 1955 "Ne pecies of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Lake Jipe and the Pangani River, East Africa" Bull.Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist.),Zool., 2(12):349-368

045 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2 046 Lowe (McConnell), R.H. 1956 "Observations on the Biology of Tilapia (Pisces-Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Suppl. Publ. No 1: 72 pp 047 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a Key for their identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264 048 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" East Afr.Agric.J.,21(1):45-52 6

049 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1956 "The Breeding Behaviour of Tilapia Species (Pisces, Cinhlidae) in Natural Waters: Ob­ servations on T. POLL and T. variabilis BOULENGER" Behaviour,9: 1,10-163

050 Marten,G.G. & Guluka,L.T. 1974 "Fluctualions in Fish Catches and Prices and their Correlations with Climatic Factors'' East Afr.Trcsrew. Fish. Res.Org., Ann. Rep., Appdx E 69-75

051 Marten,G.G.; Wanjala,B. & Guluka,L.T. 1976 "Exploratory Traw­ ling of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya during 1975" East Afi.Freshw. Fish. Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1975 16 pp

052 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African ireshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp

053 Mayland,H.J. 1976 "Die Buntbarsche Afrikas" Lehrmeis ter-Bicherei Nr. 75, A. Philler Verlag, Minden (F.R.G.) 232 pp 8 pls ISBN 3 7907 0075 i 054 Mires,D. 1977 "The theoretical and pratical aspects of the hybridisation of Tilapia sp." Fisheries and Fish Breeding in Israel, 12(1):6-15 (in Hebrew, English abstract) 055 Muller,R.G.; Benda,R.S. & Powell,T.G. 1982 "Exploitation of fish in the inner Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria based on tag returns" J.Fish Biol.,20:667-671 056 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) "The biology and culture of tilapias" ICLARM Con­ ference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 057 Okedi,J.; Chale,F. & Basaibwaki,P. 1976(?) "The Kagera River: preliminary observations on its fishery and limno­ logy" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1974 49-53 058 Regan,C.T. 1922 "The cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria" Proc.zool.Soc.London, :157-191 059 Rinne,J.N. 1974 "A Preliminary Observation on the Age, Growth and Tagging of Pagrus, Clarias and Certain Tilapia Species from Lake Victoria" East Afr. Freshw. Fish. Res.Org., Lnu. Rep., Appdx A: 25-48 7

060 Rinne,J.N. 1976 "Coded Spine Clipping to Identify Individuals of'the Spiny-Rayed Fish Tilapia" J.Fish.Res.Board Can., 33(11):(,626-2629 061 Rinne,J.N. & Wanjala,B. 1982 "Observations on movement patterns of Tilapia spp. in Nyanza Gulf, Lake 'Victoria,East I) Africa" J.Fish Biol.,20:317-322 062 Ruwet,J.Cl.; Voss ,J.; Hanon,L. & Michia,J.Cl. 1976 "Biologie et Elevage des Tilapia" :332-364 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30,sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/Rome CIFA Tech.Pap.(4), "Supp. 1, 791 pp (in French, English abstract: The Biology and Culti­ vation of Tilapia) 063 Schoenen,P. 1979 "Die Gruppe der sogenannten "GeiSel-Tilapien", Tell 2" DCG-Info 10(3):52-57 (Journal of the Deutsche Cichli­ den-Gesellschaft e.V.) 064 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten" E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp 065 Staeck,W. 1977 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten" Band II (Supplement) E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (FR.G.) 296 pp ISBN 3-921677-05-X 066 Stolk,A. 1980 "Sprache der Fische" L.Lndbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) 201 pp I IN3 :7842 O225 X 067 Thys van den*'Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography, of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Oentr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14 i-xl + 406 pp 068 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :412-422 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-00878-1

069 Wanjala,B. & Marten,G. 1974 "Survey of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep., Appdx G: 81-85

070 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Diagnoses and Key to the Juvenile of Tila­ pia (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129"136 071 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The habitats and habitat preferences of the young of,the La'e Victoria Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,70(1-2) :1-28 8

072 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Observations on the Habitat preferences of the young Tilapia spp. in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1962/ 63, Appdx B:25-31 073 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Notes on the Present Distribution and Habits of the Non-Endemic Species of Tilapia which have been introduced into Lake Victoria" East itr.Freshw. Fish. Re s.OrgT. , Ann. Rep. for 1962/ 63, Appd. D:36-39

074 Welcomme,R.L. 1965 "Recent 2b ,mjc,-sin the Tilapia StocK:s of Lake Victoria ' Journ al o' App id Ecology , (2) :410 075 Welcomme,H.L. 1967 "Ob'ervations on che biology of the intro­ duced species of Tilapia in Lake Victoria" Rev.Zoo.Bot. Aft.,76(5-4):249-279 076 Welcomme,R.L. 1969 "The Effect of Rapidly Changing Water Level in Lake Victoria upon the Commercial Catches of Tilapia (Pisces: Cibhlidae)" :242-250 in: Obeng,L.E. (Ed.) Man-Made Lakes: The Accra Sympsoitun (Proc. of a Symposium held at Accra, Nov. 21-24, 1966 under the auspices cf the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research formerly part of the Ghana Academy of Sciences) Ghana Universieties Press, Accra 398 pp

077 Whitehead,P.J.P. 1959 "The -uiadro!nous fishes of Lake Victoria" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,59(5- 4 )':329-563

078 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" ICLARN1 Studies aid Reviews 6, 26 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila Philippines Subject Index

1. Abundance 12. Economy 1.1. depth relationship 025 025 13. Eggs (Studies on ... ) (Oocytes, Oogenesis) 2. Age 025. 048 059 13.1. number 048 2.1. maximum age 025 13.2. size 048 3. Anadromesis 077 14. Evolution 045,056 4. Behaviour 001,003,004,005,006,024,025,049,066 15. Fecundity 4.1. breeding behaviour 045,048 005,006,025,049,066 16. Fisheries 4.2. combat behaviour 009,010, 011, 012,013,014,015,019,020,021, 004 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030,031, 4.3. courtship 032, 035, 037, 039, 040, 041,042, 04E,046, 050, 001,003,025 051, 054, 055, 057, 059, 062,069,074,075,076, 077 4.4. Nest making 0c 5 16.1. Batho-Spatial h!;t, ibLition 041 4.5. reproducyive behaviour 001 16.2. Biomass estifnate 041 4.6. tertitorialbehaviour 001 16.3. Breeding 068 4.7. young; behaviour of the 001,0-24 16.3.1. breeding biology 046 5. Bibliographies 16.3.2. beeding frequency 007,009,052,067 024,025

6. Biology 16.3.3. breeding intensity; seasonal changes 009,023,024,046 j62,075 024 16.4. Brood size 7. Bicnomics 024 035 16.5. Brooding

8. Diseases/Parasites 16.5.1. broodinggiounds 008,024,025 024 16.5.2. boodiurl, migrations 9. Dispersal 025 024 16.6. Exploit, ion rates 9.1. post-breeding 055 02u 16.7. Food 10. Distribution 020,025,068 068,073 16.8. Growth 10.1. geographic distribution 020, 025, 0,15, 059, 068 062 16.3,1. growth i;jt 024,046 11. Ecology 025,068 16.8.2. powth rate in different areas 025 11.1. ecological relationships 024,025 16.8.3. growth tatr variations 025

9 10

16.8.4. slow growth 27. Local popuations genetically disti, 024 025 16.9. Hybridization 054,068,075 28. Male growth superiority 16.10. Length-frequency 025 024 29. Marking/Tagging experiments 16.10.1. length-frequency distribution 025,059,060 030 16.11!. Overfishing 30. Maturity;age and size at 010,02E 025,046 16.12. Ponri culture 31. Migratio-. 054 atterns 077 16.13. Population studies 029 32. Mortality 16.14. Predators 055 024 33. Movement patterns 16.15. Size frequency distribution 061 026 16.16. Stock changes 34. Nurseries 074 024 16.17. Water level; effect of rapidly changing 34.1. nursery environments 076 16.18. Weight 35. Ovaries; weight 026,027 025 17. Genetics 36. Polychromatism 078 046 17.1. maradadi gene(s) frequency in different 37. Polymorphism p o p ula tio ns 0 2 5 025025 37,1. cotour 18. Genital tassel 024 025, 063,066

19. Habitat 38. Popular literature 033, 053, 063,064, 0", 19.1. habitat; juvenile 9. Recruitment rate, changes in 025 2 5 19.2. habitat preferences 024,071,072 40. Retina 20. Hominq 40.1. Visual pigments 024,025 40.1.1. ecology

21. Hydrology 002 2Hydro40.1.2.1. 071, 077 phylogeny 002 22. Introductions, on 074 41. 038Scales 23. Intruders, tolerance of 41.1. Ring 025 formation 038 24. Life cycie 42. Sex ratio 025 025 25. Life histories 43. Shoaling 056 43.1. break up of juvenile 2057 025 43.2. of young 025 44. Shrinkage, apparent 46. Speciation 025 045

45. Spawning 47. Systematic/ (identification keys) 45.1. frequency 016, 018, 034, 043, 044, 047, 058, 067,068,070

045 48. Temperature (Effects of) 45.2. migration 025,078 025

Gengraphic Index

1. Africa 1.3. Lake Victoria 001, 007, 009,010, 011,012, 013,014, 015, 017, 010, 011, 012,013,014,015,019,021,022,023, 019, 021, 022, 023, 024, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 024, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 034, 035, 031, 032, 034,035, 036,037, 038,039,040,041, 036, 037, 038,040,041,042,045, 046,049,051, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 049, 050, 051, 052, 055, 058, 059, 061, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 055, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 069, 070, 071, 072, 075,076,077 073,074, 075, 076, 077 1.4. Tanzania 1.1. Kenya 039,042 013,051,069 1.5. Uganda 1.2. Lake Kioga 017,027,036,050,076 036,049 2. Israel 054 Oreochromis (Oreochromis) andersonii (de Castelnau, 1861) formerly: Tilapia andersonii

first described by: de Castelnau,F.L. 1861 "M~moire sur les Poissons de l'Afrique Australe" Paris, 78 pp (Chromys andersonii)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia kafuensis Boulenger,G.A. 1912 "Description of three new African Cichlid Fishes of the Tilapia, Preserved in the British Museum" Ann.Mag.Nat,!ist. , Ser. 8, Vol. 10:138-140 Tilapia kafuensis Boulenger,G... 1915 "Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" Printed by Order of the Trustees, British Museum (Nat.Hist.), London, Vol. III, 526 pp Tilapia kafuensis Gilchrist J.D.F. & Thompson,W.W. 1917 "The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa" Ann.S.Afr.Mus.,11(6):465-575 Tilapia intermedia Gilchrist, J.D.F. & Thompson,W.W. 1917 "The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa" Ann.S.Afr..Mus.11(6):465- 5 7 5 Tilapia kafuensis Fowler,H.W. 1931 "The Fishes obtainid by the De Schauensee South African xpedition ­ 1930" Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philad. ,83:233-249 Tilapia kafuensis Barnard,K.H. 1948 " A Revision of the South African Cichlidae" Prov.Adm.of the Cape of Good Hope, Dept. Inl.Fish., Rep. No 5:48-61 Tilapia (Oreochromis) andersonii Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc. Zool. No 14 : i-xl + 406 pp Tilapia andersonii various authors

Sarotherodon andersonii various authors

12 13 001 Anon., 1971 "Experiments on T. andersonli" Internal Report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of Afrju:i, Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographic des Poissons d'Ea u Douce de l'Afrique - Suppl6ment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN Rome/Italy, CIFA 0ccassionl Paper No 5 i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8 003 Ash,P.J. 1977 "Incorporation of (3 5S)Sulphate into Mucopoly­ saccharide by Teleost Cartilage iin Vitro: The Influence of Mammalian Growth Hormone, Teleost Plasma, and Mamnalian Plasma" Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. ,32: 187- 194 004 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scot­ land, U.K.: i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 005 Balarin,J.D. & Haller,R.D. 1982 "The Intensive Culture of Tilapias in Tanks, Raceways and Cages":265-355 in: Muir,J.F. & Roberts,R.J. (Eds.) Recent Ad­ vances in Aquaculture Croom Helm, London & Canberra; Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado 453 pp ISBN 0-7099-0303-0 006 Balon,EK. 1975 "Results of Fish Population Size Assessments in Lake Kariba Coves (Zambia). A Decade after Their Creation" :149-158 in: Ackermann ,W.C.; White,G.F. & Worthington,E.B. (Eds.) Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environ­ mental Effects Geophys.Monogr. Ser., Vol. 17 American Geophysical Union, Washington,D.C. 847 pp 007 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Lepidological Study: Key Scales of Lake Kariba Fishes" :647-676 Appdx G in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae,24: 767 pp 008 Balon,E.K, 1974 "Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa" T.F.H. Publ., Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, N.J. 07753 USA 009 Balon,E.K. & Chadwick,E.M. 1974 "Time of Annulus Inception: A Pond Experiment" :643-646 Appdx F in: Balon,E.K. & CocheA.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae,24: 767 pp 010 Bard,J. 1962"Ou en est Actuellement la Pisciculture Africaine?" Revue Bois et Forts des Tropiques, No 83:31-47 (in French, English summary: What is the Present State of Fish Farming in Africa) 14

011 Bard,J. 1964 "Ou en est actuellement la pisciculture africaine?" Bulletin focucais de pisciculthre,37(214):5..28 012 Bardach,J.E. ; Ryther,,J.H{. i Mclarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 in: Aquacuiture. The Faaring nu.d usbandry of Lire hwa Ler and Macine 0 r'gani .rn" Wi I ey-]te' c rice, New York-Londo'., etc. 868 pp 013 Barnard,K.11. 1948 " A revision of the SOuth African Cichlidae" Prov.Adm. of the Cape of Good Hope, Dept. Inl. Fish., Rep. No 5:48-61 014 Bell-Cross,G. 19741 "A fisheries survey of the Upper River System" Occ.Pap.natn.Mus.-Rhod. , B5 (5) : 279-338 015 Bell-Cross,(]. 1976 "The Fishes of Rhodesia" Trustees Nail. Mu-. and Monuments of Rhodesia, Salisbur-Y 268 pp 016 Bell-Cross,G. & Kaoma,J. 1971 "Additions and amendments to the check list of the fishes of Zambia" Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia, 5: 235-243 017 Boulenger,G.A. 1911 "On a collection of fishes from the lake Ngami basin, Bechuanaland" Trans.Zool.Soc.London,18(5):399­ 4 18 018 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 "Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" Printed by Order of the Trustees, British Museum (Nat.Hist.), London Vol. III, 526 pp 019 Carey,T.G. 1968 "Feeding Habits of some Fishes in the Kafue River" Fish.Res.Bull.Zambia,4:105-109

020 Carey,T.G. 1971 "H1ydrobiological Survey of the Kafue Flood Plain" Fish.Res. Bull.Zambia,5:245-295 021 Carey,T.G. & Bell-Cross,B. 1967 "Breeding Seasons and Quanti­ tative Data on Gonads and Ova for Certain Fish Species" Fish.Res.Bull.Zanibia, :12-21 022 Chapman,D.W.; Miller,W.H.; Dudley,R.G. & Scully,R.G. 1971 "Ecology of fishes in the Kafue River" FI:SF/ZA 11. Technical Report 2. Central Fishe­ ries Research Institute, Chilanga, Zambia 66 pp 023 de Bont,A.F. 1950 "Rapport Annuel 1947-1948 de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,41(2):473-538 (T. kafuensis) 15

024 de Bont,A.F. 1954 "Station de Recherches Piocicoles A U2lisabethvili-e Rapports ;mnuel: No ? (1949) et No 5 (1950)" Bull .Agric. Conou Beige,45(i): 157- 184

025 de Bont,A..F. 1954 "St-ation d1 i1uchu-rche2 i" ol coies A Eiisaue toitu "{ap ort; annuela No 4 (1951) e; No'o 1 >-' ' Bu -1n-..J , r o l',.:!g-,-c5(5) :1 155- 5,18

026 de Kimpe,P. 19 56 "0, o rhJ ,'odun i quC..tatIet plwncton" : 119- 115)6 Anre:xe I I i n: I 13o:1 , A. P. "S, at, ion de i(leherches Pisci­

col el; .i Kioo0 (i,'LJi ,abethv]Li) Rapports annuels No ( .(195 5) " - u. AL' c. Con:go 1301 0ge [ () 109 1164 027 Depasse,P. 195b "MonoguPilie Fi cicole de la Province Oien­ tale(ton eac do milieu limnologique; prograimm et e r, ali t eon;en mati.re de pcche ot, de p1:i3ci.,l:Lure" Bull. Agi~e. t;o B(-.1ge,47(,1):959-10881 (in French, !.qli:;h and German Summaries)

028 Dudley,{.G. 197? "]olog of ilapia of the Kafue Floodplain, Zamibia: 1rodicted effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam" Ph. U. Dias;ertation, Univ. of Idaho/USA 50 pp 029 Dudley,R.G. 1974 "Growth of Tilapia of' the Kafue Floodplain Zambia: Predicted effects of the ,afue Gorge Dam" Tran:;. luier. Fish. Soc . , 103 (2) : 281..291

030 Dudley,R.G. 1979 "Change.; in growth and size distribution of Sarothorodon macrochir and Sarotherodon andersoni from the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia, since construc­ tion of the Kafue Gorge Damn" J . Fish hiol. ,14: 205-223 031 Dudley,R.G. & Scully,t.J . 1980 "Changes in exporimental gill­ net catches from the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia, since construction of the Kafue Gorge Dam" J.Fish Biol.,16:521-537 032 Duerre,D.C. 1969 "Report to the Government of Zambia on fishery development in the Central Barotse flood­ plain. Second phase" FAO/UN, Roe/Italy TA 2638, 80 pp

033 Everett,G.V. 1971 "Sampling Fish Stocks in the Kafue River" Fish. Res.Bull. Zambia,5: 297-1504

034 Everett,G.V. 1974 "An Analysis of the 1970 Commercial Fish Catch in three Areas of the Kafue Floodplain" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish. ,3:147-159 16 035 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0 036 Gilchrist,J.D.F, & Thowpsun,W.W. 1917 "Tne Freshwater Fishes of South Africa" Ann. S.Afa.Mus. , I (6) :165-575 037 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "cichlidnf" T.F.iH. ubl., Inc., Neptu)e City, N.J. O7753/USA ISBN 0-87666-020-0 038 Ibrahim,K.H. 1974 'Hybridization between Tilapia zillii (Gervain) amd Tilapia a-dersonii (Jackson) at the F-eshwater Fisheries Institute, Nyegesi, Tanzania" in: Symp. on Aquatic Resources of East and Cen-­ tral Africa, Kmunpala, Uganda / Africa 039 Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "PI'ogress and present status of Aquaculture in Tanzania" :132-146 CIFA/75/SC 2 in: Syrup. on Aquaculture in A!frica, Accra, Ghana 50 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1975, CilFA Tech.Pap. 4 (Suppl. 1) FAO/UN, Rome/Italy 791 pp 040 Jackson,P.B.N. 1961 "The Fishes of Nocthern Rhodesia" Govennment Printer, Lusaka 140 pp 041 Jackson,P.B.N. & Rogers,K.11. 1976 "Cabora Bassa Fish Popu­ lations before and During the First Filling Phase" Zoologica Africana, 11(2) :373-397 042 JaunceyK. & Ross,B. 1982 "A Guide to Tilapia Feeds and Fee­ ding" University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK4 9LA U.K. III pp 043 Jubb,R.A. 1961 "An Illustrated Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of the Zambezi River, Lake Kariba, Puigwe, Sabi, Lundi and Limpopo Rivers" Stuart Maiming, Bulawayo 171 pp 044 Kapetsky,J.M. 1974 "The Kafue River Floodplain: an example of preimpoundnent potential for fish production' :497-523 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 045 Kapetsky,J.M. 1974 "Growth, mortality and production of five fish species of the Kafue River Floodplain, Zambia" Ph.D.Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/Michigan UL'A 194 pp 17 046 Kavalec,J. 1976 "Effect of Fertilization and Food on the Pond Production of Tilapia in Zambia" :642-658 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana 30 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1975, CIFA Tech.Pap. 4 (Suppl. I) FAO/UN, Rome/Italy 791 pp 047 Lagler,K.F.; Kapetsky,J.M. & Stewart,D.J.1972 "The Fisheries of the Kafue River Flats, Zambia, in Relation to the Kafue Gorge Dam" FI:SF/ZAM ii. Technical Report 1. Central Fishe­ ries Research Institute, Chilanga, Zambia 161 pp 048 Lema,R.; Giadom,B. & Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "Observations on the Introduction of Tilapia andersonii (Casteinau) into Tanzania from Zambia":433-439 CIFA/75/SE 3 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana 30 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1975, CIFA Tech.Pap. 4 (Suppl. 1) FAO/UN, Rome/Italy 791 pp 049 Lowe-McConell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2 050 Maar,A. 1956 "Tilapia Culture in Farm Dams in Southern Rhodesia" Rhod.Agric.Journal,53(5):667-687

051 Matthes,IH. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp 052 Matthiessen,P. 1981 "Haematological chr ges in fish following aerial spraying with endosr- "an insecticide for tsetse control in Botswai J.Fish Biol.,18: 61-469 053 McAndrew,B.J. & Majumdar,K.C. 1983 "Tilapia Stock Identifi­ cation Using Electrophoretic Markers" Aquaculture,30 249-261 054 Morais,R.T. 1974 "Estudos ictiologicos no Rio Zambeze. I. Area du albufeira de Cabora Bassa" Brigada de estudos piscicolas de Cabora Bassa, Universidade de Lourenco Marques (mimeo) 055 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "Observations on the Biology of Tilapia andersonii (Castelnau), (Pisces,Cichlidae), in Northern Rhodesia" Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Lusaka, Ain. Rep. No. 9:47-67 056 Moriimer,M.A.E. 1959 "The Fisheries of Conservation Dams in Northern Rhodesia. Report No 1 - Chilanga Dams, 1952-1957" Joint Fish.Res.Org., Lusaka, Ann.Rep. No 9:42-55 18

057 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1960 " Tilapia in Northern Rhodesia" :185-95 in: Conseil Scientifique de 1'Afrique au Sud du Sahara Troisilme colloque sur l'hydrobiologie et les p~ches en eaux douces. Problimes des grands lacs C.S.A./C.C.T.A. Publ. No 63, Lusaka, 24.1 pp 058 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1962 "Notes on the Salinity Tolerations of Certain Tilapia species (Cichlidae, Pisces) in Northern Rhodesia" Joint Fish.Pes.Org.,Ann. Rep. No 10 for 1960:63-64 059 MortimerM.A.F. 1964 "A Report on the Conservation Dam Fishe­ ries of Northern Rhodesia, 1951-1961":73-121 Joint Pish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. No 11 for 1961, 121 pp 060 Mortimer,M.A.E.; Ruth, D.J. & Muluwa,L. 1963 "Ducks, Vegetables and Fish...." Rhod.Agri.J.,60(3):82-87 (Bulletin No 2191) 061 Philippart,J.-Cl. & Ruwet,J.-Cl. 1982 "Ecology and distribution of tilapias' :15-59 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias ICLAR, Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp Internatio­ nal Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 062 Ruth,D.J. & Mortimer,M.A.E. 1965 "The Transport of Live Fish in Northern Rhodesia" Prog. Fish-Cult.,:121-128

063 Schoenen,P. 1978 "Die Cichliden Rhodesiens, Teil 3" DCG-Info 9(7):132-140 Journal of the Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft e.V. 064 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14 i-xl + 406 pp

065 Toots,H. 1970 "ExotL Fishes in Rhodesia" Rhod.Agric.J.,67(4) Bull. No. 2552:1-6 066 Trewavas,E. 1966 "A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,74(3-4) :394-424 067 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Ti2apiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromik and Danakilia" :323-332 British Museam (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-00878-1 19

068 University of Idaho, et al. 1971 "Ecology of fishes in the Kafue River" Report prepared for FAO/UN acting as executing agency for UNDP. Moscow, Idaho, UJniversity of Idaho, FI:SF/ZN 11:Teeh.Rep. 2, 66 pp (prepared by D.W. Chapman; W.11. Mil ler; R.G. Dudley & (.J. Sc ul v)

069 University of i>Ichitcm, et a. '71 "Thuj fiheries of the Kafue River Flis, 2ambia, in relation to the Kafue Gorge Dan" Report prepared for FAO/UN acting as executing agency for UNDP. Anm Arbor, NlcPI

070 van der WaaI,B.C.W. 1980 "Aspects of thI Fisheries of Lake Liambezi, C privi" J.Limnol. Soc.South Afr,,6(1): 19-31

071 Vaughan Jones,T. 1948 "Experiments in Fis.oh Cui ture and in Stocking DaDnS and Strewns in Northerrl Rlhodesia" GovernmntaL Printer, Lusaka

072 VervoortA. 1980 "The Karyotypes of Seven Species of Tilapia (Teleostei, Cichlidae)" CyLolot,,ia (Tokyo),45(i):651-656

073 Williams,N.V. 1960 "A Review of the Kafue River Fishery" PRhod.Agric.J. ,57(l):86-92

074 Willi~ao,R. 1971 "Fish Ecology of the Kafue River and Flood Plain Enviroiunent" Fish. Res. Bul. Z.anbia, 5:305-30

075 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,6.1. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tila­ pias" ICLAR[I Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines Subject Index

1. Age 13. Fishe-ies 055 001, 004, 005, 006, 008, 010, 011, 012, 014, 2. Biblographies 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 038, 039, 042, 002, 004,051,064 044, 045, 046, 047, 0,18, 0,19, 050, 055, 056, 057, 059, 060,

3. Biology 062,069,070, 071,073 13.1. -lish cut 004, 02806 060 4. Blood StiLJdies 13.2. aqua-ogriculture (see: [I'aemitology) 039

5. Check list 13.3. Breedinq 039,057, 0/ 016 13.3.1. breeding habits 6. Control of ... 055 6.1. aquatic weeds 13.3.2. breeding seasons 050 021 6.2. predatory fish 13.1. Cagecoltuie 050 005 6.3. tsetse fly 13.4.1. floating cales 052 039 13.5. Dam fisheries 7. Distribut ion 014, 061,06705,507 056, 059, 071 13.6. Energy SOij.CeS, dietary 8. Dwvarf forms; clutch sizeof 042 035 13.7. Farm dams

9. Ecology 050 014,022,061,067068074 13.8. Feeding 039,050 (incl.Supplemental feeding)

10. Electrophoretic studies 13.8.1. feed 053 046 13.8.2. feed formulation 11. Endocrinology 00304 042 003 C13.8.3. feed manufacture 11.1. 0030Cartilage 0424 002 H13.8.4. 11.2. Hormones feed processing 00304 042 003 11.2.1. Growth hormones 13.8.5. feeding ecology 00304 042 3. 13.8.6. feeding 11.3. Mammalian Plasma habits 019,055 11. M13.8.7. 11.4. Mucopolysaccharide feeding regimes 042 003 11.5. Radioactive Isotopes 13.8.8. Feeds, toxins in 00304 042 . 3S 13.8.9. FeedstuIfs analysis 11.6. (3 S) Sulphate 042 003 13.9. Floodplain fisheries 11.7. Tefeost Plasma 003 045 13.10. Food 12. Fecundity 046,067 021 13.11. Gill nets 070

20 21

13.12. Growth 13.35. Survival 028,029,030,045,049,055,057,067 028

13.13. Hybridi'ation 13.36. Tank culture 025,035,038,039,057 005

13.14. Inrenive culture 13.37. Vitamin requirements 005 042

13.15. Lake fil ein; 13.38. Weight 070 073

13.16. Length rilusency distribution 034 14. Genetics 072, 075 1 . c ,075 13.17. L ngth-w eiht rtfl, uu,iships 008,028 14.1. chromosomes 072 13.18. Manarment 070 14.2. karyotyps 072 13.19. Ma-Mad(e lakes 006,008,009,016,049 15. Gonads 13.20. Manure Syrtenms (Fertilizers) 021 046,050 16 Haemarologjy 13.21. Mineral rIMUirements 042 16.1. haernatological changes 052 13.22. Nutrient requirements 042 17 H'drohiology

13.23. Pond culture 020,027 023,027,039.046,055,057,060 13.24. Population 18. Introductions; on 048

13.24.1. counting of fish populations 050 19. Limnology 13.24.2. population si,'e arsse5sSnent 027 006 20. Male growth superiority 13.25. Product ,onlaepruduct ron 035 045, 040, 050, 000, 070

13.26. Proteir 21. Mortality

13.26.1. qualItativ requirements 045 042 22. Movements 13.26.2. quantitative iquierents 014 042

13.26.3. souices 23. Nest 042 035 13.27. Raceways 24. Osmore ulation 005 058 13.28. Sewage ponds 039 25. Ova 02; 13.29. Sex ratio

057 26. Oxygen tolerance

13.30. Shallow tropical lake 028 070 01 (27. Popular literature 13.31 . Siue distribution 037, 063 030

13.32. Spawrning 28. Salinity (Brackish water) 028 035,058,067

13.33. Stocking 29. Scales 050 007,009,028,029

13.34. Stunting 29.1. annulus inception 035 009 22

29.2. lepidological studies 33. Toxins 007 33.1. aerial spraying 30. Sport fishing 052 015 33.2. insiecticides 052 31. Systernatics!Taxonorny (Identification keys) 013, 017, 018, 066, 067 34. Transport of fish 050,062 32. Temperat.ire; Effects of 055,075

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1 5. Lake Kariba 001, 002,004, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011,013, 006, 007, C08,009,016, 043, 049 014,015, 016,019,020,021,022,023,024,025, 1.6. South Africa 026, 027, 028, 029, 030,031,032, 0:33, 034, 036, 036,070 038, 039, 0,10, 041, 0,13,044, 045,046, 047,048, 049, 050, 05:1, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 1.7. Tanzana 062, 063, 065, 066, 068, 069, 071, 073, 071 001,038,039,048

1.1, Botsvawl 1.8. Zaire/Congqo 052 023,024,025

1 9 Cai, ,t 3J 1.9. Zambia 041,054 006, 008, 016, 019,020,022,028,029,030,031, 032, 033, 044, 045, 046, 047, 068, 069, 074 1.3. Kafue Floodplatin1.0ZabzRie 028,029,030,031,034,044,045 1.10. Zambezi River 014, 032, 043, 054, 057 1.3.1. Kafu02 3 ,e Dan 1.11. Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) 028, 029, 030, 047, 069 015, 040, 050, 055, 056, 057,058, 059, 060,062, 1.3.2. Kafue River 063,065,071 019, 020, 022, 033, 044, 047, 068, 069,073, 074

1.4. Lake Albert (now: Lake Mobutu Sese Soko) 027 Oreochromis (Oreochromis) esculentus (Grahamn, 1928) (formerly: Tilapia esculenta)

first described by: Grahaon,M. 19P9 "Tilapia esculenta, a new Species of Cichlid Fish from the Victoria Nyanza, with Notes on the Habits of this Species nd the ne.,'ly-related Tilapia variabilts,Lbigr. Ann.Mai.ttlisL.,Ser. 10, Vol. 2:209-213

List of synonyims a~nd misidentifications

Tilapia (Oreochromis) escu1]entus Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 An Aimotated J3Lb1iography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichl i ae ) Mus.r. Af .Centr. , Tervuren/Belg..que Doc.Zool., No It, i- 1+ 406 pp Sarotherodon esculentus various authors

23 24 001 Akiyama,T.; KaJUMLlo,A.A. & Olsen,S. 1977 "Seasonal Variations of Plankton and Physicochemical Condition in Mwanza Gulf, Lake Victoria" Bull.Freshw.Fish.Res.Lab.,27(2):49-61 002 Anon., 1960 "A Note on the Value of Deternining the Length Prequency Distribution of Fish Caught Commercially in Gill Nets" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Jinja,f_'n. Rep. 1959, Appdx B:15-17 003 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Supplbment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy CIFA Occas.Paper No 5:i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8

004 Bailey,R.G. 1965 "The Dam Fisheries of Tanzania" Journal of Applied Ecology,2(2):409-410 005 Baker,J.R. 1958 "Protozoan Parasites" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1956/57, Appdx F, :41 -43 006 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their bio­ logy & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland/ U.K. i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 007 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1955 "The danger of overfishing existing stocks of Tilapia with particular reference to Lake Victoria and the Kavirondo Gulf" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1954/1955 1955, Appdx A:30-34 008 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1956 "The efficient utillsation of the fisheries of Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1955/1956, Appdx A :1-7 009 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1958 "Utilizing the Natural Resources of Lake Victoria for the benefit of Fisheries and Agriculture" Nature,London, 181 (4624): 1634-1636 010 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1960 "Utilizing the natural resources of Victoria Lake for the benefit of both fisheries and agri­ culture" :357-362 in: IUCN 7th Techn.Meeting,Athens, Sept. 1958, Vol. 4 "Soil and Water Conservation" 011 Beauchamp,R.S.A. 1960 "The Commercial Value of Studies on Fish Behaviour with Particular Reference to Lake Victoria" Proc.Indo-Pacific Fish.Counc.,1958 (III):97-99

012 Beirens,L. 1944 "De Congoleesche Vischfauna", Uitg.Weetlust,Deurne-Antwerpen, 19 pp 25

013 Bergstrand,E. & Cordone,A.J. 1971 "Exploratory bottom trawling in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.risn.,1(1):13-24

014 Beverton,R.J.H. 1959 "Report on the state of the Lake Victoria Fisheries" Fisheries Laboratory,Lowestoft/U.K. (mimeogr.) 015 Bowen,S.H. 1982 "Feeding, digestion and growth - qualitative considerations" :141-156 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias, ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp. International Center for Li­ ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila,Philippines 016 Copley,H. 1952 "The Tilapias of Kenya Colony" East Afr.Agric.J.,18:30-34

017 Cordone,A.J. & Kudhongania,A. 1972 "Observations on the influ­ ences of codend mesh size on bottom trawl catches in Lake Victoria, with emphasis on the Haplochromis popu­ lation" Afr.J.Trop.iHydrobiol.Fish.,2(2): 1-20 018 Crialand,C.C. 1959 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp." East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1958, Addx C:41-42

019 Cridland,C.C. 1960 "Laboratory experiments on the growth of Tilapia spp. I. The Value of Various Foods" Hydrobiologia, 15:135-160 020 Cridland,C.C. 1961 "Laboratory Experiments on the Growth of Tilapia spp. The reproduction of Tilapia esculenta under artificial conditions" Hydrobiologia, 18:177-184

021 Denny,P.; Bowker,D.W. & Bailey,R.G. 1978 "The importance of the littoral epiphyton as food for commercial fish in the recent African man-made lake, Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania" Biol.J.Limn.Soc., 10:139-150 022 Elder,H.Y. 1966 "Report on the Investigation into the Tilapia population of Lake Naivasha, Kenya" East Afr.Fres'w.Fish.Res.Org.,Occas.Pap. No 1: 21 pp 023 Fish,G.R. 1951 "Digestion in Tilapia esculenta" Nature,London, 167(4257):900-901 024 Fish,G.R. 1956 "Some Aspects of the Respiration of Six Species of Fish from Uganda" J.Experim.Biology,33(1):186-195

025 Freshwater Fisheries Institute, Nyegezi, Tanzania 1974 "Fishing operation - bottom trawling'' Freshwater Fish.Inst.Annual Report 1973:7-9 26

026 Fryer,G. 1961 "Observations on the biology of the cichlid fish Tilapia variabilis Boulenger in the northern Waters of Lake Victoria (East Africa)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,64(1I-2):1-33

027 Fryer,G. & lles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002317 0 028 Garrod,D.J. 1956 "Ring Formation in the Scales of Tilapia esculenta" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1955/56, Appdx F:20-21 029 Garrod,D.J. 1957 "An Analysis of Records of Gillnet Fishing in Pilkington Bay, Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org., Sup§,. Pub. No 2: 17 pp

030 Garrod,D.J. 1958 "On the growth of Tilapia esculenta (Graham)' East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1956/57, Appdx E:36-40

031 Garrod,D.J. 1959 "The growth of Tilapia esculenta Graham in Lake Victoria" Hydrobiologia, 12:268-298 C32 Garrod,D.J. 1960 "The Fisheries of Lake Victoria, 1954-1959" East Afr.Agric.Forest.J.,26(1):42-48

033 Garrod,D.J. 1960 "Fish Population Studies on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Preshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep., Appdx A: 12-17 034 Garrod,D.J. 1960 "The Waigalla Fishery" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. 1959,Appdx C: 18-22

035 Garrod,D.J. 1961 "The Selection Characteristics of Nylon Gill Nets for Tilapia esculenta Graham" J.Cons.Intern.explor.Mer.,Copenhagen,26:191-203

036 Garrod,D.J. 1961 "The Rational Exploitation of the Tilapia esculenta Stock of the North Bubuma Island Area, Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,27(2):69-76

037 Garrod,D.J. 1961 "The History of the Fishing Industry of Lake Victoria, East Africa, in Relation to the Expansion of Marketing Facilities" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,27(2):95_99

038 Garrod,D.J. 1963 "An Estimation of the Mortality Rates in a Population of Tilapia esculenta Graham (Pisces,Cich­ lidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" J.Fish.Res.Bd.Canada,20(1):195-227 27

039 Garrod,D.J. & Newell,B.S. 1958 "Ring Formatlon in Tilapia esculenta" Nature,London, 181 1411-1412

040 Gee,J.M. 1968 "Trawling Operations 3n Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw. Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1967, Appdx G:55-61

041 Gee,J.M. & Gilbert,M.P. 1961 "Experimental Trawling Operations on Lake Victoria" East Afr.Preshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Anm.Rep. for 1966, Appdx D:33-46

042 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "cichlis" T.F.H. ilubl.,Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 254 pp IKBN 0-87666-020-0

043 Grahan,M. 1929 "The Victoria Nyanza and its fisheries" Crown Agents, London 255 pp, 64 figs

04.4 Greenwood,l.H. '1953 "Feeding Mechanism K)" the Cichlid Fish, Ti lapia esculenta Graham" Nature ,London, 172 (4370): 207-208

045 Greenwood,I.H. 1957 "The fishes of Uganda,IV" The Uganda Journal,21:202-217

046 Hamblyn,E.L. 1966 "A Note on the Inshore Fish Population of Napoleon Gulf (Lake Victoria)" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,An.Rep.,Appdx B:23-35

047 Hoffman,A.; Barranco,A.; Francis,B.J. & Disney,J.G. 1977 "The effect of processing and storage upon the nutritive value of smoked fish from Africa" Tropical Science,19(1):41-53

048 Hoffman,A.; Disney,J.G.; Pinegar,A. & Caieron,J.D. 1974 "The Preservation of Some East African Freshwater Fish" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3(i):1-13

049 Holden,M.J. 1955 "Ring formation in the scales of Tilapia variabilis Boulenger and Tilapia esculenta Graham from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1954/55, Appdx C:36-40 050 Holden,M.J. & Green,J. 1960 "The Hydrology and Plankton of the River Sokoto" The Journal of animal ecology,29:65-84

051 Ibrahim,K.H. 1976 "Progress and present Status of Aquqculture in Tanzania" Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept - 2 oct 1975, FAO/Rome CIFA Tech.Pap. (4), Suppl. 1:132-146 28

052 Ibrahim,K.H.; Nozawa,T. & Lema,R. 1974 "Preliminary obser­ vations on cage culture of Tilapia esculenta Gra­ ham and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) in Lake Victoria waters, at Freshwater Fisheries Institute, Nyegezi, Tanzania" Proc.Symp.on Aquatic Resources in East. and Central Africa, Kampala, Uganda 053 Ibrahim,K.H.; Nozawa,T. & Lema,R. 1975 "Preliminary Observations on Cage Culture of Tilapia esculenta GRAHAM and Ti­ lapia zillii (GERVAIS) in Lake Victoria Waters, at the Freshwater Fisheries Institute, Nyegezi, Tanza­ nia" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,4(I):121-12 5 054 Jackson,P.B.N. 1971 "The African Great Lakes Fisheries: Past, Present and Future" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,1:35-49

055 Kelsall,J.D. 1954 "Breeding of Tilapia esculenta in the Tan­ ganyika Waters of Lake Victoria" :70-71 in: Conseil Scientifique de l'Afrique au Sud du Sahara, Comptes-Rendus du Symposium sur l'hydrobio­ logie et la P~che en eaux douces en Afrique C.S.A.-C.C.T.A. Publ. No 6, Entebbe, 1952 153 pp 056 Kiener,A. 1957 "Afrique-Madavascar sous le signe du Tilapia" Bull.Madagascar,7( 29 ):107-129 057 Kiener,A. 1957 "Recherches piscicoles et Dbveloppement de la Pisciculture dans la Grande Ile au Cours de l'Annbe 1956" Bull.Madagascar,7(136) :739-766 058 Kudhongania,W.A. 1973 "Past Trends and Recent Research on.the Fisheries of Lake Victoria in Relation to Possible Future Developments" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,Spec. Issue 11:93-106

059 Kudhongania,A.W. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Batho-Spatial Distribution Pattern and Biomass Estimate of the Major Demersal Fishes in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3:17-31

060 Kudhongania,A. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Past trends, present stocks and possible future state of the fisheries of the Tanzania part of the Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish. ,3(2) :167-181 061 Lockley,G.J. 1949 "The Families of Freshwater Fishes of Tan­ ganyika Territory, with a Key to their Identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,14(4):212-218

062 Lowe,R.H. 1955 "New Species of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Lake Jipe and the Pangani River, East Africa" Bull.Brit.(Mus.Nat.THist.),Zool., 2(12):349-368 29

063 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264 064 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" Ea.t Afr.Agric.J. ,21(1):45-52

065 Lowe (McConnell),R.ii. 1956 "Observations on uhe Biology of Tilapia (Pisces-Cichliidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa" East Afr. Fish. Res.Org. , Suppl. Publ. No 1: 72 pp

066 Lowe--McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters Their distribution, .colog, arnd evolution" Longmnan Group Ltd., London 37 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

067 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1982 "Tilapias in fish communities" :83-113 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.IL. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias; ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp Intjrnational Center for Living Aquat;ic Resources Management, Manila, Phi­ lippines 068 Marten,G.G. & Gululca,L.T. 1974 "Fluctuations in Fish Catches and Prices aid their Correlations with Climatic Fac­ tors" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep.,Appdx E:69-75 069 Marten,G.G.; Wanjala,B. & Guluka,L.T. 197- "Exploratory Trawling of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya during 1975" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1975,:16 pp

070 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp 071 Mcy'.and,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden und Fischzucht" Gro3e Aquarienpraxis, Band Iii, 448 pp Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7842 0194 6 072 Newell,B.J. 1958 "Additional hydrological data from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1956/1957:29-31 073 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: ai evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias; ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 074 Payne,A.I. 1971 "An experiment on the culture of Tilapia escu­ lenta (Graham) and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) (Cichli­ dae) in fish ponds" J.Fish Biol.,3:325-340 30

075 Payne,.I_. 1974 "Some Characteristics of the Fish Fauna of a Dam in the Lake Victoria Region of Tanzania including the Effects of Multispecific stocking with Tilapia species" kfr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3(2):111-122

076 Payne,A.i. IS75 "The exploitation of African fisheries" Oikos,27:356-366 077 PetrT. 1976 "limnology of the Great luala River above Kidatu" Great Ruaha Power Project, Tanzania "Ecological Studies of the Mtera Basin". SWECO, Stockholm :87-99 078 Ruwet,J.Cl.; Voss,J.; Hanon,L. & Miaha,J.Cl. 1976 "Biologie et Elevage des Tilapia" :332-364 in: Symp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/iRome CIFA Tech.Pap. 4), Suppi. 1 in French, Enlglish abstract:The Biology and Culti­ vation of Tilapia) 079 Ssentongo,G.W. 1972 "Yield isopleths of Tilapia esculenta Graham 1928 in Lake Victoria and Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus) 1757 in Lake Albert" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,2(2):121-I 28 080 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten,, E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp 081 Staeck,W. 1977 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten Band II (Supplement)" E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 296 pp ISBN 3-921677-05-X 082 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14, i-xl + 406 pp 083 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes o' the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :209-221 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-008781 084 Trewavas,E. & Fryer,G. 1965 "Species of Tilapia (Pisces,Cichlidae) in Lake Kitangiri, Tanzania, East Africa" J.Zool.,London, 147:108-118 085 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1959 "Ilotes on the Culture of Tilapia nigra (Gunther) in Ponds" East Afr.Freshw.rish.Res.Org.,n.n.Rep. for 1958, Appdx B:38-42 086 Wanjala,B. & Marten,G. 1974 "Survey of the Lake Victoria Fishery in Kenya" East Afr. Freshw. Fish.Res.Org.,Ain. Rep., Appdx G:81-85 31

087 Webbe,G. 1961 "Laboratory and Field Trials of a New Mollusci­ cide, Bayer 73, in T~nganyika" Bull.Wld Hlth Org.,25(4-5):525-531

U88 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The habttats and habitat preferences of the young of the Lake Victori-a Ti) apia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" ev. Zool.]o t. Afr. , 70(1-2): 1-28

089 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Diagnuses and Key :o the Juvenilcs of Tilapia (Pisces,Cichlidae) in Lake Victoria" East Afr.Agric.For.J.,30:129-136

090 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Observations on the Habitat preferences of the young Tilapia spp. in Lake Victoria" East Afr. reshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1962/1963, Appdx B:25-31 091 Welcomne,R.L. 1964 "The Ecology of the Fishes of a Small River of the Lake Victoria Basin" East Af . F r eshw.Fi s h.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1962/1963, Appdx C:32-.35 092 Welcomme,R.L. I961 "Notes on the Present Distribution and Habits on the Non-indemic Species of Tilapia which have been introduced into Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fi~h.Res.Org.,Anln.}ep. for 1962/1963, Appdx D:36-39

093 Welcomme,R.L. 1965 "Further Observations on the Biology of the introduced Tilapia species" East Afr. Freshw. Fish. {es.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1964, Appdx: B:18-31

094 Welcomme,R.L. 1966 "The possible role of marginal Lagoon and Beaches in the improvement of the quantity of Tilapia stocks in Lake Victoria" East Afr. Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1965, Appdx 1:74-78

095 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "Preliminary studies on the food of Tilapia esculonta Graham" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.0rg., Ann.Rep. for 1966, Appd:x A:16-22

096 Welcomme,R.L. 1969 "The Effect of Rapidly Changing Water Level in Lake Victoria upon the Conmercial Catches of Tilapia (Pisces: Cichlidae)" :242-250 in: Obeng,L.E. (Ed.) Man-Made Lakes: The Accra Sym­ posium (Proc. of a Symposium held at Accra, Nov. 21-24, 1966 under the auspices of the Council for Scientific and Industi'ial Research formerly part of the Ghana Academy of Sciences) Ghana Universities Press, Accra 398 pp 32

097 Welconue,R.L. 19'10 "Studies on the effects of abnormally high water levels on the ecology of fish in certain sha] low regions of Lake Victoria" J.Zool.London, 160:405-436 098 Whitehead,P.J.f. 1959 "The anadromous fishes of Lake Victoria" 'Rev. Zo',. o t. *'. ,59 (3 -4) :329-363 099 Wohl arth,,j.W. i 1h: tl . 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" !.(,LAi,,i Stnudiws and Reviews 6, 26 pp International CenLer for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Pi liJppi ne:-; Manila,

100 WorthingtonE.. 109 "A r.eport on the fishing survey of Lakes Albert Lsm Kiog'a" Crow i, ACents, London 136 pp, 24 figs, 2 maps

101 Worthington,E.B. 1932 "A report on the fisheries of Uganda" Crown Agents, London S8 pp, 21 figs, 5 maps Subject Index

1. Abundance 13.3. size 027 027,064

2. Age 13.4. size in dwarf populations 027 030,038 13.5. size variation 2.1. age determination 027 031,066 13.6. weight 2.2. maximum age 027 037 14. Evolution 3. Anadrornesis 073 098 15. Fecundity 4. Behaviour 020, 064,066 011

4.1. revealed by gill net catches 16. Fish communities 027 066,067

5. Bibliographies 17. Fisheries 003,006, 070,082 002, 004, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 019, 020, 021, 023, 6. Biology 025, 027, 029, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 006,026,065,075 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 7. Clutch size 065, 066, 068, 069, 074, 075, 076, 078, 085, 027 086, 095,096,097,098, 100,101

17.1. batho-spatial distribution 8. Control of . .. 8. C ntrl of...059 8.1. growth 17.2. biomass estimate 078 059 8.2. population size 17.3. bionornics 036 043 8.3. reproduction 17.4. breeding 078 016,055,083

9. Diseases/Parasites 17.4.1. breeding biology 005,027 065 17.4.2. breeding seasons 10. Distribution 027 027,066,083 17.5. cage culture 11. Ecology 052,053 027,083 17.6. dam fisheries 11.1. ecological relationships 004,075 026,027 17.7. digestion 015,023 12. Economy 17.8. dried fish 12.1. economic importance 047 027 17.9. Exploitation

13. Eggs 17.9.1. exploited stock length structure of an 027 13.1. egg number of ovarian 027 17.9.2. history of exploitation 027 13.2. number 027,064 17.9.3. rational exploitation 036

33 34

17.10. fat content 17.28.1. hypoxanthine changes 065 048 17.11. feeding (incl. supplemental feeding) 17.28.2. in ice 015, 078 048 17.11.1. feeding grounds 17.29. production/reproduction 066 020,078 17.11.2. feeding nechanism 17.30. seasonal distribution 027,044 065 17.12. food 17.31. size frequency distribution 019,023,027,065,083,095 029 17.13. food and feeding habits 17.32. smoked fish 074 047 17,14. food for man 17.33. spawning frequency 047 066 17.15. food web 17.34. water level, effect of rapidly changing 021 096 17.16. greographic (itribution 17.35. 078 Weight 019,029,031,032,036,074 17.17. grovth 17.36. yield isopleths 015, 018, 019, 020, 027, 030, 031, 075, 083, 079 085 17.17.1. growth cycle 18. Genetics 027 099 1717.2. growth data 19. Habitat preferences 066 088, 090 17.17.3. growth parameters, relationships of 027 20. Habitats 17.17.4. growth rate 066,088 020,036,065,066,074 21. Hierarchies 17.17.5. growth rate in different areas 027 027 17.18. hybridization 22. Homeostatic divice shoals, break up of juvenile 027,083 027 17.19. lagoon, types of 23. Hydrology 097 050, 072,088,097,098 17.20. lake level 17.20 .1. fluctuations 24. Life histories O97 073 097 073 17.20.2. , ecLu'lIlent reldtiunIs p- 25. Limnology 027 077 17.21. 019,074length 26. Male growth superiority, absent in nature 17.22. length frequency distribution 027 002,031,035,038,075 26.1. in aquaria 027 17.23. lengt h-weight relat ionsh ip 031 27. Marking/Tagging Experiments 17.24. local populations, discreteness of 031,066 027 28. 17.25. man-made lakes Maturity 021 28.1. maturation 097 17.26, uvet, shin(g 1 07.62rf 06 007, 027, 076 28.2. age 027,065and size at 17.27. pond culture 28.3. geographical variation in 051, 057,074,085 027 size of 17.28. preservation of f;sh 28.4. 048 2 temporal7 variation 027 35

29. Migration patterns 35.2. otoliths 098 031 35.3. ring format'an 30. Mortality 028,031, 039, 049 036 30.1. mortality rates 36. Sex ratio 038 065

30.2, mortality relationships 37. Stunt£nq 027 027

31. Movements 38 Systematics/ axonomy (Identification keys) 083 061,063,02,083,084,089

32. Oxygen, dissolved 39, Tempe'atures, Effects of 024 099

33. Popular literature 40. Toxnes 042,071,080,081 40.1. Molluscicides

34. Respiration 087 024 41. Water 34.1 Respiratory physiology 41.1. chemistry 027 074,077

35. Scales 41.2. phys*r3 028,030,031,039,049,065,066 077 35.1. length at maturation 031

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.7. Lake Victoria 001,002, 003,004,006,007, 008,009, 010, 011, 001, 002,007,008,009, 010,011, 013, 014, 016, 012,013, 014,016,017,021,022,023,024,025, 017,022,023,025,026,029,030,031,032,033, 026,029, 030, 031,032,033,03,:,035,036,037, 034, 035, 036, 037,038,040,041,043,045,046, 038, 040, 041,043,045,046,048,049,050,051, 049, 052, 053, 055,058,059,060,065,066,069, 052,053,054,055,056,058, 059,060,061,062, 072, 074,075, 079,086,088,089,090,091,092, 063, 065, 066,068,069,070,072,074,075,076, 093, 094, 095, 096,097, 098 077,078, 019, 084,085,086,087,088,089,090, 1.8. Nigeria 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097,098, 100, 101 050 1.1. Congo/Zairf, 1.9. Nyurnba ya Mungu Reservoir 012 021 1.2. East Africa 1.10. River Sokolo 078 050 1.3. Kenya 1.11. Tanganyika 016,022,069,085,086 087 1.4. Lake Kioga 1.22. Tanzania 045, 100 004,021, 025,051,052,053,060,075,077,084 1.5. 1.13. Uganda 101 024,032,045,048,068,096,101 1.6. Lake Naivasha 022 2. Madagascar 056,057 (Oreochromis (Oreochromis) leucostic-tus (Trewavas, 1933) (formerly: Tilapia leucosticta)

first described by: Trewavas,E. 1933 "Scientific Results o- the Cambridge E:xpedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-1. - II. The Cichlid Fishes" J.Linn.Soc.,38:309-341 (Tilapia leucosticta)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia trewavasae Poll,M. 1939 "Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission G. F. De Witte (1933-35)" Inst.Parc Nat.Congo Belge, fasc. 24: 1-80 Sarotherodon leucostictus various authors

36 37

001 Ali,M.A. & Wagner,H.-J. 1975 "Visual Pigments: Phylogeny "and Ecology" :481-516 in: Ali,M.A. (Ed.) Vision in Fishes: New approaches in Research New York: Plenum Press

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Suppl6ment 1 (1968-1975)" FAQ/UN, Rome/Italy CIFA Occassional Paper No 5 i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8 003 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling,- Stirling FK9 4LA, Scot­ land, U.K. ±-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 004 Bardach,J.E.; RytherJ.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia," :350-384 in: Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms Wiley-Interscience, New York-London, etc. 868 pp 005 Bergstrand,E. & Cordone,A.J. 1971 "Exploratory Bottom Trawling in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,1(1): 13-23

006 BlUm,V. & FiedlerK. 1974 "1Pro~akt~nempfindliche Strukturen im Fischgehirn" Fortschritte der Zot' L)gie,2;(2-3):155-166 (in German, English iummary:Prolactin-sensitive structures in the fiLh brain) 007 Bogsch,I. 1968 "MaulbrUtender Fisch (Tilapla leucosticta) der eine Wassertemperatur von 6000 vertrdgt" Freunde des Kblner Zoo,11(1):21-24

008 Elder,H.Y. 1966 "Report on the Investigation into the Tilapia population of Lake Nalvasha, Kenya" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org., Occass.Pap. 1:1-21 009 Elder,H.Y. & Garrod,D.J. 1961 "A Natural Hybrid of Tilapia nigra and Tilapia leucosticta from Lake Naivasha, Kenya District" Nature,London, 191(4789):722-724 . 010 Elder,H.Y.; Garrod,D.J. & Whltehead,P.J.P. 1971 "Natural hybrids of the African cichlid fishes Tilapia spi­ lurus nigra and T. leucosticta: a case of hybrid introgression" . Biol.J.Linn.Soo.,3:103-146 011 Fryer,G. & IlesT.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great *Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" .Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp . ISBN 0 05 0023470

A 38

012 Gewalt,W. 1966 "Ein bemerkenswerter Cichliden-Biotop in West-Uganda" Sitzber.Ges.Naturf.Fr.,Berlin,N.F.,6:30-40

013 Gewalt,W. 1967 "Filzche die sich selber kochen" aquarien magazin, 1(12):493-497

014 Greenwood,P.H. 1957 "The Fishes of Uganda" Part IV The Uganda Journal,21:202-217

015 Grtin,G. 1975 "Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung zur Differenzierung der Rezeptoraussenglieder in der Retina von Tilapia leucosticta (Cichlidae)" Verh.Dtsch.Zool.Gs.,1974,67.Jahresvers.:16 7 _170 (in German, English abstract: Electron micros­ copic study of receptor outer segment differenti­ ation in the retina of Tilapia leucosticta (Cich­ lidae)

016 GrUn,G. 1975 "Structural basis of the functional development of the retina in the cichlid Tilapia leucosticta (Teleostei)" J.mbryol.exp.Morph.33(1):243-257

017 GrUn,G. 1977 "Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphos­ phatase in the Developing Retina of a Teleost" Vision Res.,17:875.-879 018 GrUn,G. 1977 "The Ultrastructural Differentiation of Synap­ tic Sites in the Inner Plexiform Layer of a Teleo­ stean Retina" Z.mikrosk.-anat.Forsch.,Leipzig,91(4):687-703

019 GrUn,G. 1977 "Precocious retina development caused by receptor cell independent light effect" Experientia,33:163'-1638

020 GrUn,G. 1979 "Light-induced Acceleration of Retina Development in a Mouth-brooding Teleost" J.Exp.Zool.,208(3):291-302 021 GrUn,G. 1980 "Further Evidence for Visual Cell Independent Light Effect on Retina Development in Tilapia leuco­ sticta (Teleostei)" J.Exp.Zool.,211:415-417

022 GrUn,G. 1980 "Developmental Dynamic in synaptic Ribbons of Retinal Receptor Cells (Tilapia, Xenopus)" Cell Tissue Res.,207:331-339

023 Griln,G. 1982 "The Development of the Vertebrate Retina: A Comparative Survey" Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 78:1-85 024 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "cichlids" T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 254 pp ISBN 0-87666-020-0 39

025 Goldstein,R.J. 1973 "cichlids of the world" T.F.H. Publ., Inc., Neptune City N.J. 07753 USA 382 pp 026 Gwahaba,J.J. 1978 "The biology of cichlid fishes (Teleostei) in an equatorial lake (Lake George, Uganda)" Arch.Hydrobiol. ,83(4):538-551

027 Heckel,F. 1979 "Versuche zur Nachfolgereaktion junger Bunt­ barsche auf Attrappen unterschiedlicher GrSbe (Gattung:Tilapia; Teleostei)" Staatsexamen: Univ. Gbttingen,F.R.G. (unpubl.) 028 Hulot,A. 1956 "Apercu sur la question de la piche industrielle aux lacs Kivu, Edouard et Albert" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):815-882 029 Hyder,M. 1969 "Histological Studies on the Testis of Tilapia leucosticta and other species of the Genus Tilapia (Pisces:Teleostei)" Trans.AMner.Micros.Soc.,88(2):211-231 030 Hyder,M. 1969 "Gonadal Development and Reproductive Activity of the Cichlid Fish Tilapia leucosticta (Trewavas) in an Equatorial Lake" Nature,London, 224:1112 031 Hyder,M. 1970 "Gonadal and reproductive patterns in Tilapia leucosticta (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in an equatorial lake, Lake Naivasha (Kenya)" J.Zool. ,Lond. ,162:179-195

032 Hyder,M. & Kirschner,M.A. 1969 "Detection and Estimation of Testosterone in the Testes of Tilapia leucosticta (Pisces: Cichlidae)" J.Endocr. ,44:281-282 033 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V. & Kirschner,M.A. 1970 "Effect of Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Testicular Histology and Testosterone Production in Tilapia leucosticta (Teleostei:Cichli­ dae)" Endocrinology, 87: 818-822 034 Iles,T.D. & Howlett,C.J. 1967 "Electrophoretic analysis of blood of Tilapia leucosticta Trewavas and Tilapia zillii (Gervais) from Lake Victoria" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. for 1967, Appdx H:64-72 035 Jauch,D. 1979 "Gill lesions in Cichlid fishes after intoxi­ cation with the insecticide Fenthion" Experientia,35 (3):371-372 .40

036 Jauch,D. 1981 "Physiologische Auswirkungen des Insektizides Lebaycid (Organophosphate) auf Atmung und Kreis­ lauf von Buntbarschen der Art Tilapia Jeucosticta (Trewavas, 1933)" Zeitschrift fUr angewandte Zoologie,68:39-66 (in German, English summary: The effects of the lethal and sublethal Lebaycid concentrations on the circulation and respiration of adult Cichlid fish of the species Tilapia leucosticta were investigated) 037 Keding,Chr. 1977 "Untersuchungen zum Bindungsverhalten von Tilapia leucosticta (Cichlidae, Teleostei) unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen" Inaugui'al-Dissertation, Med.-Fak. Georg-August- Univ. Gbttingen, F.R.G. 86 pp 038 Kling,D. 1981 "Total atresia of the ova ies of Tilapia leuco­ sticGa (Cichlidae) after intoxication with the in­ secticide Lebaycid" Experientia,37:73-74 039 Kudhongania,W.A. 1973 "Past Trends and Recent Research on the Fisheries of Lake Victoria in Relation to Possible Future Developments" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,Spec. Issue 11:93-106 040 Kudhongania,A.W. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Batho-Spatial Distribution Pattern and Biomass Estimate of the Major Demersal Fishes in Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish.,3: 17-31 041 Kudhongania,A. & Cordone,A.J. 1974 "Past trends, present stocks and possible future state of the fisheries of the Tanzania part of the Lake Victoria" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish. ,3(2) :167-181 042 Leatherland,J.F.; Ball,J.N. & Hyder,M. 1974 "Structure and Fine Structure of the Hypophyseal Pars distalis in Endi­ genous African Species of the Genus Tilapia" Cell Tiss.Res.,149:245-266 043 Leatherland,J.F.; Hyder,M. & Ensor,D.M. 1974 "Regulation of Plasma Na' and K+ Concentrations in Five African Species of Tilapia Fishes" Comp.Biochem.Physiol. ,48A:699-710 044 Lincer,J.L.; Zalklind,D.; Brown,L.H. & Hopcraft,J. 1981 "Organo­ chlorine Residues in Kenya's " Journal of Applied Ecology, 18:157-171 04? Linke,K. & Linke,M. 1974 "Einige Bemerkungen zu Tilapia leuco­ sticta" Aquarien Terrarien (GDR),21(6):190-191 41

046 Loiselle,P.V; 197- "Sarotherodon leucostictus (Trewavas,1933)" :56-58 in: "The Best of Paul V. Loiselle" Ed. by Advanced Cichlid Aquarists of Southern California

047 Loiselle,P.V. 1974 "Sarr',hcv'odon leucostictus (Trewavas 1933)" Advanced Cichlid Aquarints of Southern California, Bulletin, 2(7) Nov.-Dec. :1-3 048 Loiselle,P.V. 1975 "Two new Aquarium Residents from East Africa" Buntbarsche Bulletin No 47: 10-17 American Cichlid Association 049 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264 050 Lowe,R.H. (McCoinell) 1955 "The fecundity of Tilapia species" East Afr.Agric.J.,21(1):45-52 051 Lowe,l{.H. (McConnell) 1957 "Observations on the diagnosis and biology of Tilapia leucosticta Trewavas in East Afri ca" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,55(3-4) :353-373 052 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1973 "Surunary: Reservoirs in Relation to Man-Fisheries" :641-654 in:Ackermann,W.C.; White,G.F. & Worthington,E.B. (Eds.) Man-i-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environ­ mental Effects Amer.Geophys.Union, Geophys.Monogr.,17: 847 pp 053 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters, Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London; 337 Pp, ISBN 0-582-44348-2 054 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1982 "Tilapias in fish communities":83-113 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H, (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias ICLA RM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Malila, Philippines 055 Lythgoe,J.N. 1972 "List of Vertebrate Visual Pi.gments":604-624 in: Handbook af Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/1 Photochemiatry of Vision (Dartnall,H.J.A.; Ed.) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 056 Malvestuto,S.P. & Ogambo-Ongoma,A. 1978 "Observations on the Infection of Tilapia leucosticta (Pisces:Cichlidae) wibh Contracaecum (Nematoda:Heterocheilidae) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya" J.Parasitol.,64(2) :383-384 057 Marten,G.G. & Guluka,L.T. 1974 "Fluctuations in Fish Catches and Prices and their Correlations with Climatic Factors" East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep.,AppdxE:69-75 42 058 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Bibliographie Fish des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-.x + 299 pp 059 Mayland,H.J. 1976 "Die Buntbarsche Afrikas" Lehrmeister-BUcherei No A. Philler 75 Verlag, Minden (F.R.G.) 232 pp, 8 pls ISBN 3 7907 0075 4 060 Maylanid,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden und Fischzucht" Groe Aquarienpraxis, Band III, 448 Landbuch-erlag, pp Hannover (F.R.G.); ISBN 3 7842 0194 6 061 McMahon,j.p. 1960 "Preliminary observations of the control by fish of snails and mosquitoes in East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep.darns" for 1959, Appdx K:41 -46 062 McMahon,J P.; Highton,R.B. & de C. Marshall,T.F. on Biological 1977 "Studies Control of Intermediate Hosts of Schisto­ somiasis in Western Kenya" Environm.Conservation,4( 4 ):285-289 063 Mires,D. 1977 "The theoretical and practical aspects of the hybridisation of Tilapia sp." Fisheries and Fish Breeding in Israel,12(I):6-15 (in Hebrew, English abstract) 064 MUnz,H. & Claas,B. 1981 "Centrifugal Innervation of in Cichlid the Retina and Poecilid Fishes. A Horseradish Peroxi­ dase Study" Neuroscience Letters,22:223_226 065 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. The biology (Eds.) and culture of tilapias, ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp. International Living Aquatic Center for Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 066 Paflitschek,R. 1976 "Investigations on the Toxic Effects Bayer 73 of (Bayluscid WP) on Eggs and Yolk-Sac Larvae of Tilapia leacosticta (Cichlidae)", Experientia,32(12): 1537-1538 OG, Prtf1I%+ ....R. 1977 "Unversuchungen Uber die toxische Wirkung BAYLUSCID von und LEBAYCID auf Ei-, Jugend- und Adult­ stadien der Buntbarsche Tilapia leucosticta 1933) und (Trewavas, Herotilapia multispinosa (GUnther, 1898)" Dissertation, Fachbereich Biologie,EberhardKarls_ Universitdt, TUbingen (F.R.G.) 70 pp 068 Paflitschek,R. 197 9 "Untersuchungen Uber die toxische Wirkung Bayluscid von und Lebaycid auf Ei-, Jugend- und Adult­ stadien der Buntbarsche Tilapia leucosticta 1933) und (Trewavas, Herotilapia multispinosa (GUnther, 1898)"' Zeitschrift fUr angewandte Zoologie,66(2):143_1 72 43

069 PapernaI. 1969 "Monogenetic Trematodes of the Fish of the Volta ba, in and. South Ghana" Bull. I.F.A.N.,31,S~r. A, (3) :94-0-880

070 PapernaI. 1972 "Infection by ichthyophthijius multifiliis of Fish in Uganda" Prog. Fish-Cult., 54(5): 162-164 071 Paulo,J. 1969 "Tilapia leucostictal' DATZ Die Aquarien- aund Terraiel-Zeitschrift,22(8): 231-233

072 Paulo,J. 1970 "Tilapia leucosticta ist ein Spezialist par exellence i " DCG-Information, 1(6):41-46 1e uiaschc (i ehliden-Ge­ sellschaft e.V.

073 Payne,D.T. 1975 "Tilapia leucosticta, an uncolourful but inte­ resting cichlid" The Aquarist and Pondkeeper,XJ('7):532-395 (Oct.)

074 Pechauf,M. 1977 "Weitere Hinweise zu Tilapia (Sarotherodon) leucostlcta Trewavas, 1933" Aquarien Terrarien (GDR),24(5): 175-175

075 Peters,H.M. & Berns,S. 19.82 "Die Maulbrutpflege der Cichliden - Untersuchungen zur Evolution eines Verhaltensmusters" Z f.zool. Syst.u.E ,oliit.-.Loro, h.20(i): 18-52 (in German, English summary:Mouth-brooding in Cichlids. A study of the evolution of a behaviour pattern)

076 Poll,M. 1939 "Exploration du Parc NaLional Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)" Inst.Parc Nat.Congo Belge,fasc. 6:1-7 077 Poll,M. 1939 "L'ploration du Parc National Albert Mission G. F. De Witte (1933-35)" Inst.Parc "at. Congo Belge,fasc. 2'1:1-80

078 Rinne,J.N. 1974 "A Preliminary Observation of the Age, Growth and Tagging of Bagrus, Clarias and Certain Tilapia Species From Lake Victoria" East Afr.Fteshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Jinja,Appdx A:25-48

079 Rinne,J. 1975 "Fish Tagging-Experiments - A Prelude to an Extensive Tag-Recovery Programme on Lake Victoria" Afr.J .Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish. ,4 (1): 1-19 Special Issue 3 "Symposium on the Aquatic Resources of East and Central Africa held at Kampala Inter­ national Conference Centre from 25th March - Ist April 1974 080 Rinne,J.N. & Wanjala,B. 1982 "Observations on movement pattern of Tilapia spp. in Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, East Africa" J.Fish Biol.,20:317-322 44 081 Scholing,Chr. 1979 "Erfahrungsbedingte Vertknderung im B'.ndungs­ verhalten von Tilapia leucosticta (Cichlidae, Pisces) unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen" Inaugural-Dissertation, Med.-Fak. Georg-August- Universittt Gdttingen (F.R.G.) 67 pp 082 Schynol,G. 1975 "Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Entwicklung der Retina bei Tilapia spec. (Cichlidae, Teleostei) in Abhtingigkeit von verschiedenen UmwelteinflUssen" Diplom-Arbeit, Ruhr-Universitdt Bochum (F.R.G.) (iuipubl.) 083 Semakula,S.N. & Makoro,J.T. 1967 "The Culture of Tilapia Species in Uganda" :161-164 (I/E-4) Proc.FAO World Symp.Warm-water Pond Fish Culture,Rome, 18-25 May 1966 (Pillay,T.V.R.; Ed.) FAO Fish.Rep.(44), Vol. 2 084 Siddiqui,A.Q. 1977 "Reproductive biology, length-weight relation­ ship and -'elative condition of Tilapia leucosticta (Trewavas) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya" J.Fish Biol.,10:251-260 085 Siddiqui,A.Q. 1977 "Lake Naivasha (Kenya, East Africa) Fishery and its Management together with a note on the Food Habits of Fishes" Biol.Conserv.,12:217-228 086 Siddiqui,A.Q. 1979 "Changes in Fish Species Composition in Lake Naivasha, Kenya" Hydrobiologia,64(2):131-138 087 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten,, E.Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp 088 Staeck,W. 1982 "Handbuch der Cichlidenkunde Buntbarsche: Arten,Verhaltensbiblogie,Pflege und Zucht" Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W.Keller & Co., Stuttgart (F.R.G.) 200 pp ISBN 3-440-05094-7

089 Stoneman,J. 1965 "Productivity of Uganda Fish Ponds" Journal of Applied Ecology,2(2):410-411 090 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1964 "Revision systbmatique des espbcus Congolaises du genre Tilapia" Ann.Mus.roy.Afr.Centr.,Sci.Zool.,No 124: 155 pp 091 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No. 14: i-xl + 406 pp 092 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapline Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :221-230 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-008781 45

093 Verbeke,J. 1959 "Le Rbgime Alimentaire des Poissons des Lacs Edouard et Albert (Congo Belge)" R~sult.scieni..hplr icv! n hrTacs Kivu,Edouard et Albert (InsL.Roy.Sci.,4at.Belg.),5(3):1-66

094 Vog,N. 1974 "Ein gutmh tiger Sclwarz-Afrikaner: Tilapia leucos tic ta" DATZ Die Aquavii. oin- und Terrarien- el tschrlf t, ?7 (6): 184- 185

095 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "The Ecology of the lF.1shes of a Small River of the Laku Victoria Basin" East Afr. reshw. Fish. lies.Org. , Ann. iip. f. 1962/63, Appdx C:32-35 096 Welcomme,R.L. 1964 "Notes on the present distribotion ad hab'..ts of the non-endemic species of Tilapia which have I -en introduced into Lake Victoria" East Afr .Fr'shw. Fish. Res.Org. ,Asn. op. for 1962/63, Appd: D:"6-39 097 Welcomme,h.L. 1964 ':Dignoses and Key to the Juveniles of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichiidae) in Lake Victori a" East Afr. A-re. lor J.c_0:129- 136 098 Welconmme,R.L. 1964 "The habitats and habitat preferences of the young of the Lake Victoria Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 70 (1 2) : 1-28 099 Welcomme,R.L. 1965 "Further Observatiopn on the Biology of the introduced Tilapia species" East Afr. Freshw. Fish. Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for 1964, Appdx B:18-31

100 Welcomme,R.L. 1966 "Studies on enclosed Lagoons in the Jinja area" East Afr. ]'reshw. Fish. Res .Org. ,Ann. Rep. for 1965, Appdx D:4'f-48 101 Welcoinine,R.L. 1966 "The possible role of marginal lagoons and beaches in the improvement of the quantity of Tilapia stocks in Lake Victoria" East Afr.lFeshw.Fish.Res.Org., Ann. Rep. for "1965, Appdx 1:74-78 102 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "Observations on the biology of the introduced species of Tilapia in Lake Victoria" R{ev. Zool.Bot.Afr.,76(3-4):249-279

103 Welcomme,R.L. 1967 "The relationship between fecundity and ferti­ lity in the mouthbrooding cichlid fish Tilapia leuco­ stict a" J.Zool.,Lond., 151:453-468 104 Welcomme,R.L. 1970 "Studies on the effects of abnormally high water levels on the ecology of fish in certain shallow regions of Lake Victoria" J.Zool. ,Lond., 160:405.-436

105 Willig,S. 1980 "Untersuchungen zum Bindungsverhalten junger Maulbriter (Pisces; Cichlidae): Die Wirkung verschie­ den grofer Mutterattrappen unter BerUcksichtigung der Strbmiigsreize" Staatsexamensarbeit, Universitdt Gbttingen (F.R.G.) (unpubl.) 46

106 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 107 Zupanc,G.K.11. 1982 "Fische und ihr Verhalten Die Erforschung der geheinisvollen Welt unter Wasser" Tetra Verlag, Melle (F.R.G.) 182 pp Subject Index

1. Behaviour 11.1. analysis 027,037,081,105 034 1.1. brooding behaviour 11.2. studies 051 034 1.2. dummies; effects of 12. Embryology/Youngstages 027,105 103

1.3. linking behaviour 081,105 13. Endocrinology 1.4. spawning behaviour 006,029,030,032,033,042,043,103 051 13.1. adenohypophysis 1.5. young;behaviour of the 042 027, 105 13.2. brain; prolactin sensitive structures 1.6. behaviour patterns (evolution, mouth-brooding) 006 075 13.3. cell types 042 2. Bibliographies 13.4. hormones (Drugs, Effects of) 002,003,058,091 006,032,033,043

3. Biology 13.4.1. androgens C03,026,051,084,099, 100,102 032 13.4.2. gonadotruphin 4. Clutch size of dwarf forms 033 011 13.4.3. prolactin 5. Control of ... 006,043 5.1. mosquitoes 13.4.4. testosterone 061 032,033 5.2. schistosomiasis 13.5. hypothalamus 062 043 5.3. snails 13.6. hypophyseal pars distalis 061,062 042 13.7. osmo (iono) regulations 6. Diseases/Parasites 043 056,069,070 13.8. plasma Na+ 043 7. Distribution 1 1,053,092,096 13.9. proximal pars distalis 042 7.1. length frequency distribution 099 13.10. release inhibiting factor 043 8. Ecology 13.11. rostral pars distalis 008,010,011,092,095 042

9. Eggs 13.12. secretory activity 103 042 9.1. number 14. Environmental requiremen:s 050 092 9.2. size 050,051,103 15. Evolution 9.3. weight 065 011 16. Eyes

10. Electrophoresis 015, 016, 017, 018,019,020,021,022,023,055, 034 064,082 16.1. histogenesis 11, Electrophoretic... 016

47 48

16.2. horseradish peroxidcise studies 19.9. growth 064 051,078,079,092 16.3. light irflurrrrces 19.9.1. growth 022 rate 051,079,099, 102 16.4. rect!PtMr d(Jv ip r(lrr nt 19.10. tlyhrimfi;atiorl 015 008,009,010, 011,044,063,086,092, 107 16.5. syn t i: ri[hon 19.11. laloolns; typit of 022 104 16.6. Retina 19.12. lakeilevel, Ilu:tutati(t 015, 016, 017, 018, ns 019, 020,021,022,023, 055, 104 064, 082 15.13 lerr~th 16.6.1. (ieveloprrmr t 102 016, 019,020,021,022,023,082 19.14. lergth-weight rliationship 16.6.1.1. ATPaisr 084,099, 104 017 19.15. man~lenent 16.6.2. inctpni devlepment 085 0 16 19 16 . tma -.mt .lake ; 16.G.3. IpIs ( i,, 052 01( 19.17. pond culture 16.7 V,(sel rll nts 063,089 001 , 055 19.18. 16.7.1. ecoluy relative corid it ion 084 001 19.19. rieprlducpive, 16.7 2. ph~Iori)eny activity 030 001 19.19,1. reproductive patterns 17 e031 050,053,084, 103 19.20. reserwriir I sherims 18. F rt iIty 052 19.21. sie 008, 103 010,092

19. Fisheries 19.22. spawning frequency 003, 004, 005, 008,010,028,039,041,052,053, 053 057,063, 079, 083, 084, 085, 086, 089, 102, 104 19.23. weight 19.1. haMr ()SlIatp1( !Str hLbtu pII rr ttri 102 040 20, Genetics 19.2, hiprrp;; ostpmte 016 040 21. Gonads 19.3. Ihrred iniq 081, (92, 102, 104 21.1. gonadal development 19.3.1. freqtuency 030 103 21.2. gonadal patterns 19.3.2. rabrts 031 051 21.3. gonadotrophin 19.4, 103Irrooi Iit: 033 21.3.1. chorionicgonadotrophin

19.5. brodirg efficiency 033 103 22. Habitat preferences 19.6. feedinr (incl. supplenental feeding) 010,086,098 011, 102 19.7. flouniirghistory el 23. Harbits 096 104 19.8. food 24. Hydrology 053,084,092,093 098, 104 19.8.1. 085food hrahits 085 25. Introductions,on 011,053, 102 49

26. Life histories 37. Sex ratios 065 010, 026

27. Male growth superiority 38. Sperratogenesis 011 029

28. Mirking/Tagging Experiments 39. Stunting 078,079 011 28.1. Tag-s,Wdinq rate 079 40. Systematics, Taxonomy (Identification keys) 008,049,051,090,091,092,097 29. Maturatio,, 010, 104 41. Temperatures Ef fects of) 007,012,013,O31, 106 29.1. age and size at maturity 011 42. Testis 29.2. size 42.1. cellular elenients 031,051 029

30. Mortality 42.2, hi stologitcal studies 104 029,033 42.3. morphology 31. Movenemts of fish 029 010 42.4. testiculm 31.1. changes movement pat te ns 031 080 43. Toxicity 32. Nursery nvironrnents 035,036,038, 044, 066,067,068 053 43.1. insecticides

33. Ovaries 035,036,038 43.1.1. 33.1. fenthion changes 035 031 43.1.2. lebaycid 33.2. immature 036,038,067,068 084 43.2. intoxication 33.3. maturing 035,038 084 43.3. larvicides 33.4. ripening 067,068 084 43.4. molluscicides

34. Popular literature 066,067,068 013, 024, 025, 045, 046, 047, 048, 059, 060, 071, 43.5. pesticide residues 072,073,074,087,088,094, 107 044

35. Salinity (Brackish water) 43,6, toxicity tests 042, 043 035

36. Scales 010,086

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.1. Ghana 002, 003, 005, 007, 008, 009, 010, 012, 013, 014, 069 026, 028, 030, 031, 039, 040, 041, 044, 049, 051, 1.2. Kenya 053, 056, 057, 058, 061, 062, 069, 070, 076, 077, 008, 009, 010, 030, 031, 044, 056, 061, 062, 084, 078, 079, 080, 083, 084, 085, 086, 089, 093, 095, 085,086, 107 096,097,098,099,100,101, 102, 104, 107 50

1.3. Lak, Albert (now: Lake Mobutu Sese Seko) 1.7. Lake Victoria 014,028,051 005, 039, 040, 041, 053, 078, 079, 080, 095, 096, 097,098,099,100,101,102, 104 1.4. Lake Edward (now: Lake Idi Arnin Dada) 014,028,093 1.8. Tanzania 1.5. Lake George 041 014,026,051,053 1.9. Uganda 1.6. LakeNaivasha 012.013,014,026,053,057,070,083,089

008, 009, 010, 030, 031, 044, 056, 084, 085, 086, 2. Israel 107 063 Oreochromis (Oreochromis) mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966) (formerly: Tilapia mortimeri)

first described by: Trewavas,E. 1966 "A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. ,74(3-4) :394-424 (Tilapia mortimeri)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Tilapia (Oreochromis) mortimeri Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae )" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zool. No 14: i-xl + 406 pp Sarotherodon mortimeri various authors

N o t e: often described as: Tilapia mossambica from Lake Kariba

51 52

001 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Suppl6m,,nt i (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Aome/Italy CIFA Occassional Paper No 5, i-vii + 40 Pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8

002 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 90"1636 23 1 003 Balon,E.K. 1973 "Results of Fish Population Size Assessments in Lake Kariba Coves (Zambia). A Decade after Their Creation" :149-158 in: Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects (Ed. by Ackermann,W.C.; White,G.F. & Worthing­ ton,E.1B.) Geophys.Monogr.Ser.,Vol. 17 American Geophysical Union, Washington,D.C. 847 pp

004 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa" T.F.II. Publ., Inc. Ltd., Neptuie City, N.J. 07753 USA 1441 pp

005 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Total production, available production and yield of major fish taxa from Lake Kariba. Species size and growth intensity" :428-416 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae,24: 767 pp 006 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Stock size assessment values" :437-445 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 007 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Tables of Mean Sizes of Individual Species, Life Intervals and Growth Intensity" : Appdx C 595-602 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 008 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Tables of Individual Species and Single Samples Production Computations" : Appdx D 603-623 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 009 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Morphometry of Sampling Sites and Standing Crop Tables" : Appdx E 625-642 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 53

010 Balon,E.K. 1974 "Lepidological Study: Key Scales of Lake Kariba Fishes" Appdx G 647-676 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eis.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa Monogralhiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp

011 Begg,G.W. 1974 "The Distribution of Fish of Riverine Origin in Relation to the Limnological Characteristics of the Five Basins of Lake Kuriba" Hydrobiologica, 14(2-3) :277-285 012 Bell-Cross,G. 1976 "The Fishes of Rhodesia" Publ.. by Trustees of the National Museums and Nonu­ men tS of Rhodesia, Salisbury, Rhodesia/Africa 268 pp

013 Birkhead,M.E. 1978 "Some Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of tne Reed Cormer',it and Darter on Lake Kariba, Rhodesia" Ostrich, 19(1):1-7

014 Coke,M. 1968 "Depth Distribution of Fish on a Bush-Cleared Area of Lake Kariba, Central Africa" Trans.mler. Fish.Soc.,97:460-465 (T. mossanbica)

015 Donnelly.B.G. 1969 "A Preliminary Survey of Tilapia Nurseries on Lakc Kariba during 1967/68" lHydrobiologia,3,:195-206 (T. mossambica)

016 Fryer,G. & lles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 64 1 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0 017 Jackson,P.B.N. 1960/61 "Ecological Effects of Flooding by the Kaxiba DamaUpon Middle Zanbezi Fishes" Proc. of the Ist Federal Science Congress, Salisbury/ S. Rhodesia :2i7-284 (T. mossambica) 018 Jackson,P.B.N. 1961 "The Fishes of Northern Rhodesia" Governn. Printer lusaka, Rhodesia/Africa 140 pp 019 Jackson,P.B.N. & Rogers,K.H. 1976 "Cabora Bassa Fish Populations before and during the first filling Phase" Zoologica Africana, 11(2):373-397 020 Jubb,R.A. 1953 "A note on a collection of freshwacer fishes being prepared for the Queen Victoria Museum" Occass.Pap.Nat.Mus.Southern Rhodesia, No 19:690-698 (part, T. mossambica nec Peters)

021 Jubb,R.A. 1974 "The Distribution of Tilapia mossambicus Peters, 1852, and Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas, 1966, in Rhodesian Waters" Arnoldi-a,6(25):1-14 54

022 Jubb,R.A. & Jubb,H.M. 1967 "Freshwater fishes of Southern Africa" vii + 248 pp Cape Town/Amsterdam (T. mossambica)

023 Kavalec,J. 1976 "Effect of Fertilization and Food on the Pond Production of Tilapia in Zambia" :642-658 in: Symnp. on Aquaculture in Africa, Accra, Ghana, 30 sept. - 2 oct. 1975, FAO/Rome CIFA Tech.Pap.(4) Suppl. 1, 791 pp 024 Kenmuir,D.H.S. 1981 "Temperature and Fish Growth in a Hot House Fish Pond" Zimbabwe agric.J.,78(5):189-192

025 Krupkal. 1974 "Age and Growth Studies: The kurper bream Sarotherodon mossambicus mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966)"' 343-349 in: Balon,E.K. & Coche,A.G. (Eds.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecovystem in Central Africa Monographiae Biologicae, 24: 767 pp 026 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longnan Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

027 Maar,A. 1956 "Tilapia Culture in Farm Dams in Southern Rho­ desia" Rhod.Agric.J. ,53(5) :667-687 028 Mabaye,A.B.E. 1973 "The Role of Ecological Studies in the Ra­ tional Management of Fish Stocks" Afr.J.Trop.Hydrobiol.Fish., Spec. Issue 11:143-160 029 Matthes,H. 1965/66 "The food of Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas (syn. T. mossambica Peters) in Lake Kariba" Fish.Res.Bull. Zambia,4:47-49 030 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographic des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp 031 Mitchell,S.A. 1976 "The Marginal Fish Fauna of Lake Kariba" Kariba Studies, Paper No 8:109-162 publ. by the Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia 032 Mitchell,S.A. 1978 "The Diurnal Activity Patterns and Depth Zonation of Marginal Fish as shown by gillnetting in Lake Kariba" Kariba Studies No 9: 163-173 publ. by the Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia 55

033 Murais,R.T. 1974 "Estudos ictiologicos no Rio Zambeze. I. Area du albufeira de Cabora Bassa" Brigada de estudos piscicolas de Cabora Bassa, Universidade de Lourenco Marques (mimeo)

034 Mortimer,M. A.E. 1959 "Fishing in Lundazi Dam" Rhod.Agric.J.,56(2):50-60 (T. mossambica)

035 Mttro,J.L. 1967 "The food of a community of East African freshwater fishes" J.Zool.London, 51:389-415 (T. mossambica)

036 Noakes,D.L.G. & Balon,E.K. 1982 "Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective" :61-82 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.I. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp Inter­ national Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 037 Schoenen,P. 1978 "Die Cichliden Rodesiens, Tell 3" VCG-Info 9(7):132-140 (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesell­ schaft e.V.) 038 Soulsby,J.J. 1963 "Fishing Survey at Kariba" Rhod.Agric.J.,60(5):135-138 (T. mossambica) 039 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Biblio­ graphy of Tilapi' (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belg. Doc.Zool. No 14 i-xl + 406 pP 040 Toots,H. 1970 "Exotic Fishes in Rhodesia" Rhod.Agric.J.,67(4); Bull. 2552:1-6 041 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :316-323 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-00878-1 042 van der Lingen,M.I. 1959 "Some Preliminary Remarks on Stocking Rate and Production of Tilapia Species at the Fisheries Research Centre" :54-62 in: Proc. 1st Fish Day in S. Rhodesia, Aug. 1957 Government Printer, Salisbury (T. mossambica) 043 Watanabe,K. 1965-66 "Handling and keeping Quality of Iced Kariba Bream, Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas (syn. T. mossambica Peters)" Fish.Res.Bull. Zambia,4:59-64 Subject Index

1. Age 12.5. Feedin (incl.Supplemental feeding) 025 023,027,042

2. Bibliographies 12.6. Food 001,002,030,039 029,031,035,041 12.7. Food forman 3. Biology 043 002, 021 12.7. Growth

4. Check list 024,025 018 12.7.1. Growth intensity 005 5. Control of ... 12.7.2. Growth rte 5.1. 016,026 027 12.7.3. Growth seasons 5.2. aquatic weeds 007 02! 12.7.4. GrowthI values; absolute and relative 5.3. predatory fish 00/ 027 12.7. Hot house pold 12,1 6. Depth zonation 032 12.8. llyblidi/at )[, ('15,041 7. Distrii ,ion 12.9. Lake fluctJat on; influepce of 7.1. of fish 0K) 011,021,031,041 12.10. Lerrniqh frequencies 7.2. depth distr in~t ion 017 014 12.11. Length-wvinghr retlationships 004 8. Diurnal activity patterns 12.12. Malegrowth superiority 032 1 1 16 016 9. Ecological Studies 028,041 12.13. Man-mal lakes 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 009,010, 011, 01-, 015, 019,025, 026, 028,029,038,040 10. Environment changing; adaption to 12.14. Manure 016 systerrs (Fertliers) 023, 027,042

11. Fish-eat ing birds; prey for 12.15. Mixed C U rtI 013 042 12.16. Mono-cultrie/Mono.sex 12. Fisheries culture 042 002, 003, 004, 005,006,007,008,009,014,019, 12.17. Pondcurlle 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027,028,029,032,034, 023,024,042 035,038,041,042,043 12.1. Abundance, ilative 12.18. Populaion 019 12.18.1. populat n counting 12.2. Biornass 027 006 12.18.2. nlwtir p opl(Jlat ion 12.3. Breeding 016 041 12.18.3. populatrion size assessment 12.3.1. hre ding fiequency 003 016 12.19. Product ion/R eproduction 12.3.2. breedingsize 003,006,008,023,026,027,034 016 12.20. Reservoir lishries 12.4. Darn fisheries 027 027, 034

56 57

12.21. Size 16. Mar.linal fish fauna 005,008,034 031 12.22. Standing crop 003,009 17. Mortality rates 006 12.23. Stock/Slo(i iiq

12.23.1. Stock abundanoe 18. Musu,.i colltctions 003,009 020 12.23.2. Stock sizeassessment 006 19. Nurserms areas 015 12.23.3. Stockoi 027,031 20. Popular literature

12.23.3.1. Soc(kmlt nsity 037 0,)6 21. Salinity (Biackish Water) 12.23.3.2 Stu(riq~ idteS 016 042

12.24. Trmiriport of fish 22. Scales 027 010,025

12.25. Weight 22.1. Lepidological studies 034 010

12.26. Yields 006 23. Sport f ,hi 012

13. Habitat pifter ncos 015 24. Systeiatic, Taxonomy (Identification Keys) 012, 021, 039, 041

14. Life hiisto tis 036 25. Teituci utei iu. lefhdcof) 015, 021

15. Linrolocly 011,019

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.3. Lake Mcflwaine 001, 002, 003, 001, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 035 011, 012, 013, 0 1,. 015, 016, 0)17, 018,11 )19 (K), 1.4. Lunlazi Dam 021, 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 0)21, 028, 029, 030. 034 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 037, 038, 040, 0,12, 0,13 1.5. Za mIre, H crlv 1.1.Caimo ra B rs;,i 10),r9 ,033 019,033019,033

1.2. Kariba Dan 1.6. Zambia 017 003,004,023,028

1.3. Lake Kariba 1.7. Zi1Tfrlblahwi(formerly: Rhodesia) 003, 004, 005, 006, 001, 008, 009, 010, 011, 013, 012, 015, 018, 021, 027, 034,035,037,040,042 014,015,025,026,029,031,032,038,040 Oreochromis (Oreochromis) spilurus niger (Guenther, 1894) (formerly: Tilapia nigra)

first described by Guenther,A. 1894 "Report on the Collection of Reptiles and Fishes made by Dr. J. W. Gre­ gory during his Expedition to Mount Kenia" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:84-91 (Oreochromis niger)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Chromis niloticus var. mossambicus Fischer,J.G. 1884 "Uber einige afrikanische Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische des Naturhistorischen Museums" Jahrb.d.fHamb.Wiss.Anst., 1: 1-40 Tilapia nilotica Senna,A. 1915 "Pesci raccolti nella Somalia meri­ dionale dai dott. Stefanini e Paoli" Monitore zoologica italiano,26(8):176-182

Tilapia nilotica var. athiensis Boulenger,G.A. 1916 "On Specimens of the Perciform Fish Tilapia nilotica with in­ creased number of anal spines" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:345-347

Tilapia athiensis Hubbs,C.L. 1918 "Notes on Fishes from the Athi River in British East Africa" Field Mus.Nat.Hist.,Zool. Set., Publ. 198, 12(2):9-16

Oreochromis athiensis Pellegrin,J. 1927 "Poissons de l'Afrique Orien­ tale Anglaise recueillis par le R. P. Bernhard. Descriptions de Trois Esp ces Nouvelles" Bull.Soc.Zool.France,51:384-390

Tilapia nilotica Di Caporiacco,L. 1927 "Pesci raccolti in Somalia nel 1924, dalla spedizione Stefanini e Pucci­ oni" Monitore zoologica italiano,38(4):84-89

Tilapia browni (nec Nichols) Fowler,H.W. 1936 "Zoological Results of the George Vanderbilt African Expedition of 1934. Part III.-The Freshwater Fishes" Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phil ad.,88:324-335

Sarotherodon spilurus niger various authors

58 59

001 Anon., 1939 "La chasse et la peche au Congo Belge en 1938" Bull. Agric. Congo-Beige,30: 664-670

002 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique ­ Suppl&ment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy, CIFA Occassional Paper No 5: i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8

003 Arnoult,J. 1954 "Reproduction du Tilapia nigra" Nat.malgache,6(1-2):85-86 004 Balarin,J.D. & Haller,R.D. 1982 "The Intensive Culture of Tila­ pias in Tanks, Raceways and Cages" : 265-355 in:(Muir,J.F. & Roberts,R.J.; Eds.) Recent Advances in Aquaculture Croom Helm, London & Canberra; Westview Press, Boul­ der, Colorado 453 pp ISBN 0-7099-0303-0

005 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 ,iLA, Scotland, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 25 1 006 Bard,J. 1957 "Le Dveloppement, L'6volution et l'avenir de la Pisciculture au Cameroun" Bulletin francqais de pisciculture,29(185):136-146

007 Bard,J. 1962 "Ou en est Actuellement la Pisciculture Africaine?" Revue Bois et Forets des Tropiques, No 83:31-47 (in French, English summary: What in the Present State of Fish Farming in Africa)

008 Bard,J. 1964 "Ou en est actuellement la pisciculture africaine?" Bulletin franqxis de pisciculture,37(214):5-28

009 Bardach,J.E. ; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Pilapia" :350-384 in: "Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Fresh­ water and Marine Organisms" Wiley-Interscience, New York-London, etc. 868 pp

010 BaTnard,K.II. 1947 "A pictorial Guide to South African Fishes" Easkew Miller Ltd., Cape Town 226 pp

011 Barnard,K.H. 1948 "Revision of South African Cichlidae" Prov.Adm. of the Cape of Good Hope, Inl.Fish.Dept., Rep. 5:48-61

012 Beirens,L. 1944 "De Congoleesche Vischfauna" Uitg. Weetlust,Deurne-Antwerpen, 19 pp

013 Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, Part II" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:98-143 60

014 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 "Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum of Natural History" Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit.Mus.(Nat. Hist.) London, Vol. I1, 526 pp 015 Brown,J. M. & van Someren,V.D. 1953 "Nei- Fish Culture Methods for Tilapia in East Africa" Nature, London, 172(,1373):330-332

016 Copley,H. 1952 "The Tilapias of Kenya Colony" East Afr.Atric.J.,18:30-34

017 Crid!and,C.C. 1962 "Breeding studies on Tilapia zillii and Tilapia nigra" East Afr. Freshw. Fish. Res .Org. ,Ann., Rep. for 1961 Appdx C:29-32

018 Dadzie,S.; Odingo,R.S. & Ongoma,A. 1979 "Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries": 65-84 in: (Odingo,R.S.; Ed.) AM African Dam Ecol.Bull. (Stockholm), 29 019 de Bont,A.F. 1950 "Rapport Annuel 1917-194b de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,4 1(2):473-538 020 Elder,H.Y. 1966 "Report on the Investigation into the Tilapia population of Lake Naivasha, Kenya" East Afr.Freihw.Fish.Res.Org.,Occas.Pap. 1:21 pp 021 Elder,H.Y. & Garrod,D.J. 1961 "A Natural Hybrid of Tilapia nigra and Tilapia leucosticta from Lake Naivasha, Kenya Colony" Nature,London, 191(4789):722-724 022 Elder,H.Y,; Garrod,D.J. & Whitehead,P.J.P. 1971 "Natural hybrids of the African cichlid fishes Tilapia spilurus nigra and T. leucosticta: a case of hybrid introgression" Biol.J.Linn.Soc. ,3: 103-146 023 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology ana Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh,: i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0 024 Huet,M. 1948 "Mission Piscicole du Katanga 1946-1947" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,39(4):911-934 025 Huet,M. 1970 "Text Book of Fish Culture" Fishing News Ltd., England 436 p 026 Hulot,A. 1950 "Le Regime alimentaire des Poissons du Centre africain Intbr~t eventuel de ces poissons en vue d'une Zootechnie bconomique (I)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,41(1):145-176 027 Hyder,M. 1969 "Histological Studies on the Testis of Tilapia leucosticta and other species of the Genus Tilapia (Pisces: Teleostei)" Trans.Amer.Microsc.Soc. ,88(2) :211-231 61

028 Hyder,M. 1970 "Histological Studies on the Testes of Pond Specimens of Tilapia nigra (Gunther)(Pisces, Cichlidae) and Their Implications of the Pituitary- Testis Relationship" Gen.Comp.Eridocrinol., 14:198-211 029 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V.; Campbell,C.M. & Dadzie,S. 1974 "Methallibure Studies on Tilapia - II. Effect of Tilapia Pituitary Homogenate (TPH), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) and Testosterone Pro­ pionate (TP) on the Testes of Methallibure-Treated Tilapia nig-ra" Gan.Comp.Eidocrinol. ,23(3):245-255 030 Hyder,M.; Shah,A.V. & Stockell Hartree,A. 1979 "Methallibure Studies on Tilapia. III. Effects of Tilapia Parti­ ally Purified Pituitary Gonadotrophic Fractions on the Testes of Methallibure-Treated Sarotherodon spi­ lurus (= Tilapia nigra)" Gen.Comp. Endocrinol.,39:475-480 031 Kiener,A. 1957 "Afrique-Madagascar sous le signe du Tilapia" Bull.Madagascar,7(129): 107-129 032 Kiener,A. 1959 "Bilan du Tilapia A Madagascar et Probl~me Riz- Tilapia" Bull.Madagascar, 9(160) :765-774 & Bull.Madagascar ,9 161 :837-856 033 Kiener,A. 1960/61 "Afrique-Madagascar sous le signe des grands lacs" Bull.Madagascar, (176) :43-74 034 Leatherland,J.F.; Ball,J.N. & Hyder,M. 1974 "Structure and Fine Structure of the Hypophyseal Pars Distalis in Endi­ genous African Species of the Genus Tilapia" Cell Tiss.Res.,149:245-266 035 Leatherland,J.F.; Hyder,M. & Ensor,D.M. 1974 "Regulation of Plasma Na+ and K+ Concentrations in Five African Species of Tilapia Fishes" Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,48A:699-710 036 Lincer,J.L.; Zalkind,D.; Brown,L.H. & Hopcraft,J. 1981 "Organochlorine Residues in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes" Journal of Applied Ecology,18:157-171 037 Lowe,R.H. (McConnell) 1955 "Species of Tilapia in East African Dams, with a key for their identification" East Afr.Agric.J.,20(4):256-264 038 Lowe-McConnell,R.H. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pp ISBN 0-582-44348-2

039 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy: i-x + 299 pp 62

rMOMayland,H.J. 1976 "Die Buntbarsche Afrikas" Lehrmeister-BUcherel No. 75, 232 pp, 8 pis. A. Philler Verlag, Minden (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7907 0075 4

041 Mayland,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden und Fischzucht" Gro3e Aquarienpraxis, Band 111 Landbuch-Verlag, Hwaimover (F.R.G.) 448 pp ISBN 3 78,1.2 0194 6

042 Mires,D. 1977 "The theoretical aud practical aspects of the hybridisation of Tilapia sp." Fisheries anmd Fish Breeding in Israel, 12(1):6-15 (in Hebrew, English abstract)

043 Siddiqui,A.Q. 1979 'Changes in Fish Species Composition in Lake Naivasha, Kenya" Hlydrobioloia, 6,1(2):131-138

044 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbrei tung-Verhalten-Arten" E.Efri em Verlag, Wppertal-Elberfeld (F. R. G.) 317 pp

045 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography c Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" M .r.Afr.Cerntr. , Tervuren/Belgique, Doc.Zool. No 14, i I-+ 405 pp

046 Trewavas,E. 1966 "A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with promosals of two new specific names" Rev. Zool..bot.Afr. 74 (3-4) :394-424 047 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :251-258 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-i)0878-1

048 van Someren,V.D. 1962 "Pond culture studies on Tilapia nigra" East Afr. Freshw. Fish. Res.Org.,Ann. Rep. for 1961, Appdx D:33-35

049 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1959 "Notes on the Culture of Tilapia nigra (Gunther) in Ponds" :38-42 Appdx B in: East Afr.Freshw.Fish.Res.Org.,Jinja, Ann. Rep. for 1958

050 van SomerenV.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1959 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds I. Growth after Maturity in Male T. nigra" East Afr.Agric.J.,25(1):42-46

051 van SomerenV.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 1959 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds Il-The Influence of Water Depth and Turbidity on the Growth of Male T. nigra" East Afr.Agric.J.,25(2):66-72 63

052 van Someren,V.D. & Whitehead,P.J. 19bU "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (GUnther) in Ponds III-The Early Growth of Males and Females at Compa­ rable Stocking Rates, and the Length/Weight Relation­ ship" Eas t Afr .Agr c .J . , 5 (3) 169-175

053 van Someren, V. 1. & 'Whi thead ,'.J . 1(916 "'The ul. Lure of Tilapia nigra (Giinther) iii Ponds IV-.The Sea,;onal Gowth of Mal T. rligra'' flasu A'r A ric.'or.J., 26(2):79-86 054 van Someren,V.D. & '4iitehead, .,3. 1961 "'he Culture of Tilapia nigra (niinther) Jn lond-s V-The Lffectof Iroressiv, Alterations in Stocking Den.ity on the (,rowth o C Nae T. nigra" Eat Afr.Agrc. bor.. (i ): 1.15-155

055 van Someren,V.D. & Whiteheadi .J 1961 "The (Julture of Tilapia nigra (in thir) In lod Vi-The eofect of SeE_i v :Lio!un( Methods on Bree­ ding Plopulations" East. fr. Agr,,i. u. o L.JT.,26( ) 0'- 9

056 van Someren, V. D. & Whi. tehead, P.J . 1961 "The Culture of Tilapia nigra (Girither) in Ponds VII-Survival and Growth of Tagged and Untagged Males of Different Sizes" East Afr.Agrlc.For.J.,27(i):10-12

057 Welcomme,R.L. 1964j "Diagnoses and Key to tht Juveniles of Ti­ lapia (Pisces Cichlidae) in Lahe Victoria" East Afr.Agric..For.J. ,50:129-136

058 W4hitehead,P.J. 1959 "Feeding Mechanism of' Tilapia nigra" Nature,, London 184 (4697) :1509-15 10 059 Whitehead,P.J. 1960 "interspecific Hybrids of Tilapia: T. nigra X T. zillii" Nature, London 187(47110) :878 060 ,'hitehead,P.J.P. i962 "The R{lationship between Tilapia nigra (GUnther) and T. mossambica Peters in the Eastern Rivers of Kenya" Proc.Zool.Soc.London, 158:605-637 061 Wohlfarth,G.W. & ilulata,G.i. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias" ICLA]RN Studies and Reviews 6, 25 pp International Center for Living kquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 062 Worthington,E.B. 1932 "A Repoit on the Fisheries of Uganda - Investigated by the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-31" pubi. on behalf of the GovnmL of Uganda Protectorat by the Crown Agents for the Colonies, London 88 pp

063 Zupanc,G.K.11. 1982 "Fiche und ihr Verhalten Die Erforschung der geheimnisvollen Welt unter Wasser" Tetra Verlag, Melle (F.R.G.) 182 pp Subject Index

1. Bibliographies 7 Fisheries 002,005,039,045 001,003, 004. 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 015, 016, 2. Biology 018, 019, 020, 022, 2.B038, 024, 025, 026, 031, 032, 033, 042, 043, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 005 055, 056, C59, 0G2

3. Distribution of fish 7.1. breeding 047 016, 017, 047, 055

7 .1 .1 . m ix eda ire d i l 4. Ecology 055 020,022,047 7.2. cage c/Hulrre 5. Endocrinology 004 027, 028, 029, 030, 034 7.3. condition factor 5.1. A deohypiphyss 018 034 7.4. cropping methods, selective 5.2. Cell typ ; 055 034 7.5. feeding nechanisi 5.3. fIo rrin ,; ([rugs) (Effects, Influence) 058 029, 030 7.6. food 5.3.1. Methal lurt-, 016, 047 029,030 7.6.1. food and feeding habits 5.3.2. Prolactir 018 035 7.7. growth 5.4. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) 023,038,047,049, 051,052,053,054,056 029 7.7.1. growth, rapid 5.5. Hypophyseal pars (Iistais 023 034 7.7.2. growth rate 5.6. yp oth dlnitu 016,053 035 7.7.2.1. growth rate, environmentally induced changes 5.7. intestir i ] s51u changes 023 028 7.7.3. growth, seasonal

5.8. OsiuO (join)) regulations 053 035 7.7.4. turbidity influence 5.9. Pituitary 7.7.5. water depth influence 5.9.1. Pituitary Gomiotrophic fractions 051 030

5.2. Pititary.Tnstis felationshp 028 7.8. Hybritfitation 020, 021, 063 022, 023, 036, 042, 043, 047, 059, 060, 5.9.3. Tilapia PirUltary Hoimogerate (TPH) 02979.itnie 7.9. intensive culture 004,033 ulu{ 5.10. Plasm;. Na 7.10. length frequency 03505 055 5.11. Proximal pars distalis 7.10.1. distribution 034 018 5.12 Rohal als(hsllis018 5.12. Rostiif as distalis 7.11. length-weight 03405 relationship 052 5.13. Secrelory activity 7.12. ianage ent 034 018 5.14. Testo ,tnuiie Propionate (TP) 7.13. man-iiide akes 029 018

6. Fertility 7.14. mono-sex culture 020 052,053,054,055

64 65

7.15. pond culture 14.1. growth after maturity 019, 024, 031, 033, 042, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 050 053,054,055,056 15. 060Morphoulogy 7.15.1. pond soilsanalysts 051

7.16. rac:wavs 16. Movmoonts of fish 004 022

7.17. rltirOdLJCt lon 003 17. Popular books/literatuie 040, 041,044,063 7.18. rice-fsh cuItLre 032 18. Salinity

7.19. size 034,035,060 022 7.20. stockiriq 19. Scales 043 7.20.1. density 053,054 20. Sex ratio

7.20.2. overstockedl conditions 022,023 050,054 21. Sexual dimorphism 7.20.3. ites 03P 052

7.1(.4. trduced stocking 22. Spermatoqenesis 050 027 7.21. tank cuiture 22.1. spermatogtenetic changes 004 028

8. Genetics 23. Stuntinlg 061 023

9. flahstat preferences 24. Systemtics (Taxonomy, Identification Keys) 022,043 011,013,014,020,037,046,047,057,060

10. Hierarchies 25. rtitwia.ririti s _,f;ts) 023 018, 051,053, 061

11. I'trodUCttions, on 26. Tests 023 029,030

12. Male growth superiority 27. Testis, histololical stludies 023 027, 028

13. Marking/Tagging Experiments 28. Toxicity 056 28.1. Festicilresidues 036

14. Maturity 29. Weather conditions 022 053

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.2. Congo/Zaire 001, 002, 004, 00i, 006, 007, 0013, 010, 012, 013, 001,012,019 014, 015, 016, )1R,0)19, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024, 1.3. Katanga 026, 036, 037, 0381, 039, 043, 046, 048, 049, 050, 024 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 0156, 057, 059, 060, 062, 063 1.4.Kenya 015, 016, 020, 021,022, 036, 038, 043, 048, 049, 006 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 059, 060, 062, 063 66

1.4.1. Lake Naivasha 2. Israel 020,021,022,03U,043,062,063 042 1.4.1.1. biological characteristics of the lake 036 3. Madagascar 1.5. Lake Victoria 003,031,032,033 057 1.6. Zaire (see: 1.2. Congo/Zaire) Sarotherod. n melanotheron melanotheron RIppell, 1852

first described by: Rtppell,E. 1852 "Verzeichnis der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen naturfor­ schenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Samm­ lungen. Vierte Abtheilung:Fische und deren Skelette" Verz.Mus.Senck.,4:1-40 (Sarotherodon melanotheron)

List of synonyms and misidentifications

Chromis microcephalus GUnther,A. 1862 "Catalogue of the Fishes Chromis macrocephalus in the British Museum" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Vol. IV, 534 pp Melanogenes microcephalus Bleeker,P. 1863 "MEmoire sur les Poissons Melanogenes macrocephalus de la Cbte de Guin&e" Nat.Verh.Holl..Mij.Wet.Haarlem,2 vers. D1 18, 136 pp

Tilapia microcephala Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African Tilapia macrocephala and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, fart Ii" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:98-143

Ti.lapia microcephala various authors

Tilapia macrocephala various authors

Tilapia heudeloti various authors Tilapia heudeloti macrocephala various authors Tilapia (Sarotherodon) melanotheron Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr.,Tervuren/Belg., Doc. Zool. No 14, i-xl + 406 pp Tilapia melanotheron various authors

67 68

001 Ardizzone,G.D. 1976 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Supplement 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy, TFA Occas.Paper No 5, i-vii + 40 pp ItL3N 92-5-000092-8 002 Aronson,L.R. 1944 "The Influence of the Male Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala on the spawning Frequency of the Female" Anat.Record (Philad.) Arer.Soc.Zool.,89(4):539 abstract No. 41 003 Aronson,L.R. 1945 "Influence of the Stimuli Provided by the Male Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala, on the Spawming Frequency of the Female" Plhysiol. Zool., 18:405-415

004 Aronson,L.R. 1948 "Problems in the Behavior and Physiology of a Species of African Mouthbreeding Fish" Trans.Eew York Acad.Sci.,Vol. 11, Ser. 2(2):33-42 (Tilapia maacocephala) 005 Aronson,L.R. 1949 "An'uAnalysis oi Reproductive Behavior in the [outhbreeding Cichlid Fisb, Tilapia macrocephala (]Bleeker)" Zoologica,54(16):133-158, 3 pls 006 Aronson,L.R. 1951 "Factors Influencing the Spawning Frequency in the Female Cichlid Fish Tilapia macrocephala" Amer.Mus.Nov. ,No 1484: 1-16 007 Aronson,L.R. 1956 "Tilapia - The Brooding Father" Natural ilistory,65(3):146-151 008 Aronson,L.R. 1959 "Hormones and Reproductive Behavior: Some Phylogenetic Considerations" :98-120 in: Gorbman,A. (Ed.) Comparative Endocrinology Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (T. macrocephala) 009 Pronson,L.R. 1967 "Forebrain Function in Teleost Fishes" Trans.New York Acad.Sci.,Ser. 2, Vol. 29(4):390-396 010 Aronson,L.R. & Holz-Tucker,A.M. 1949/50 "Ovulation in the Mouthbreeding Cichlid Fish Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker )" Anat.Rec.,105(3):88-89, 1949 011 Aronson,L.R. & Holz-Tucker,A.M. 1947 "Morphological Effects of Castration and Treatment with Gonadal Hormones on the Female Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala", Anat.Record (Philad.) Aror.Soc.Zool.,99(suppl.) :572-573 abstract No. 29 012 Aronson,L.R. & Kaplan,H. 1963 "Forebrain function in avoidance conditioning" Amer.Soc.Zool. ,3(4) :483-484 abstract (T. macrocephala) 69

013 Aronson,L.R. & Kaplan,H. 1968 "Function of the Teleostean Forebrain" :107-125 in: D. Ingle (Ed.) The Central Nervous System and Fish Behavior University of Chicago, USA (A. heudeloti macroc.) 014 Atz,J. 1953 "Cichlids and Geography. Part I. Salt Water Cichlids" Aquar.Journal,No 12:290-296 015 Atz,J.W. 1965 "Hermaphroditic Fish" Science, 150:789-797 016 Balarin,J.D. & Hatton,J.P. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology & culture in Africa" University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K. i-xxiii + 174 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 017 Bardach,J.E.; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 in: Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms Wiley-Interscience,New York-London, etc. 868 pp 018 Barlow,G.W. & Green,R.F. 1969 "Effect of Relative Size of Mate on Color Patterns in a Mouthbreeding Cichlid Fish, Tilapia melanotheron" Comun.Behav.Biol. ,4:71-78 019 Barlow,G.W. & Green,R.F. 1970 "The Problems of Appeasement and of Sexual Roles in the Courtship Behavior of the Blackchin Mouthbreeder, Tilapia melanotheron (Pisces,Cichlidae )" Behaviour,36:84-115 020 Bauchot,M.L. & Blanc,M. 1961 "Poissons marins de l'Est Atlan­ tique Tropical. II. Percoidei (Tlostens Perri­ formes) le partie" Atlantide Report, Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coast of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946; 1961(6):65-100 021 Bauer,J. 1962 "Eine Zwillingsbildung bei TLlapia macrocephala" DATZ Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift,15(12): 365-367 022 Behrend,E.R. & Bitterman,M.E. 1962 "Probability Learning" Science, 137:921-922 023 Blay,J. 1974 "The breeding of Tilapia melanotheron in two la­ goon systems in Cape Coast area" Unpublished B.Sc. (Hons), Zoology project report, University of Cape Coast, Ghana/Africa 70

024 Boeseman,M. 1963 "An Annotated List of Fishes from the Niger Delta" Zool.Verhandelingen,Leiden/The Netherlands, No. 61, 48 pp, 6 pls.

025 Bowen,S.H. 1982 "Feeding, digestion and growth - qualitative considerations" : 141-156 in: Iallin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The bioloi y )mdculture of tilapias. ICLARM Confe­ rence Plroceedings 7, 432 pp. International Center for Livinr Aquatic Resources Management, Ma-aila, lhi ippi iet;

026 Burchard,J. 1967 "The Family Oichlidae" :125-143 Ln: Reed,W. (Ed) Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria, Ministry Agri c.Northern Nigeria, Zaria, N. Nigeria 226 pp (T. macrocephala)

027 Cou:'tenay,W.R. jr. ; Sahlman,H.F. ; Mliley,W.W. II & Herrema,D.J. 1974 "Exotic Fishes in Fresh and Brackish Waters of Florida" Biological Conservation, 6(4): 292-302

028 Daget,J. & Durand,J.-R. 1968 "Etude du peuplement de poissons d'un milieu saum&tre tropical poikilohalin, la baie de Cocody en C6te d'Ivoire" Cah.Off.Rech.Sci.Techn.OureMer (Hydrobiol.), 2:91-111 (T. heudelotii)

029 Dambach,M. 1963 "Vergleichende Untersuchungen Uber das Schwarm­ verhalten von Tilapia-Jungfischen (Cichlicae,Teleo­ stei )" Z.Tierpsychol. ,20(3): 267-296

030 DeLamater,E.D. & Courtenay,W.R. jr. 1973 "Vriations in Struc­ ture of the Lateral-Line Canal on Scales of Teleo­ stean Fishes" Z.Morph.Tiere,75:259-266

031 DeLamater,E.D. & Courtenay,W.R. jr. 1974 "Fish Scales as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy" Florida Scientist,37(3):141-149

032 Demski,L.S. 1972 "Behavioral effects of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and midbrain in free-swimming fishes" Anatomical Record, 172(2) :300 abstract (T. heudeloti macrocephala)

033 Demski,L.S. 1973 "Feeding and Aggressive Behavior Evoked by Hypothalamic Stimulation in a Cichlid Fish" Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,44A:685-692

034 Denight,M.L. & Ward,J.A. 1982 "Relationship of Chin Spot Size to Dominance in the Black-Chinned Mouthbrooding Cichlid Fish (Sarotherodon melajaotheron)" Anim.Behav. ,30: 1099-1104 71

035 Doyle,W.L. & Gorecki,D. 1961 "The So-Called Chloride Cell of the Fish Gill" Physiol.-oJi., ,34 (2) :31-85 036 Ellis,K.R. 1969 "An ithologica Study of Tilapia h. macro­ cephal in small Groups" Ph. .ThusiJ, Mver, Lt or Toronto, Canada 037 Engmann,P. (n. d. ) "Die Ci ch.L :Ld ,s. tm Welt. Ii. Teil: Die L ,u ibrtii o'" Bibliothek ir Aqu,' ien- und Terrarie rkunde, Heft 22: 21 pp (T. mi(rocephala,) Verlmg G. ,.1 N SoN, B'aunschweig

038 Eyeson,K.Hi. 1979 "t'di. on go Irouction, Sps,,ni ig and Fry Devn!Opiml.,i '0 'ii.] a otoLanoo uhejo'o Ghtooz ,9.ScJ. , I[( ). :2 - ,

039 Eyeson,K.N. 980 (in p,-',) iume ob rvations on the biology of Tilapi, mI :i1udiron in the Cape Coast lagoon"

040 Eyeson,K.N. 1983 "Stunt i and Reproduction in Pond-Reared Sarotherodoi melwo theron" Aquncul tur'e, 51: 257-267 041 Fagade,S.O. 1971 "The food arid feeding habits of Tilapia spe­ cies5 in the Lntro. Lagoon" ,. Fi h Biol. ,3:151-156 042 Fagade,S.O. 1974 "Aw ,determination in TiIapia melanaotheron (Ruppell) IL theI lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, with a discussion o the environmental rnd physiological basis of gro'.th makinigs in the ropics" :71-77 in: Bagoal, .B. (Ed.) The ageing of fishes. Proc. of . International Symposium, Unwin Brothers Ltd., The Grahoain Press, Old Woking, Surrey, Ekngland 043 Fishelsrn,L. 1966 "Unltersuchungen sur vergleichenden Entwick­ lun greschicite der ,attung TILA}2IA (Cichlidae, Teleos tu)" Zool..Jb.Anat.,8:571-656 (in German, English s unmary ) 044 Fowler,H.W. 1920 "The Fishes of the United States Eclipse Expe­ dition to West Africa" Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus. ,56(2294): 242-281 (T. heudeloti; Ashantee - spec.) 045 Frey,H. 1978 "Buntbarsche - Cichliden" Zierfiseh-Monographien Band 4, 146 pp Verlag J. Neumarn-Neudamm, Melsungen-Berlin-Basel- Wien ISBN 3-7888-0250-2 72

046 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 002347 0

047 Fujita,K.; Fukusho,K.; Hattori,J.; Kuronuma,K. & Nakawlra,Y. 1966 "Comparison of Morphology and Ecology in Three Species of Tilapia (Preliminary Report)" Proc.Jap.Soc.Syst.Zool.,No 2:3 1-35 (in Japanese, English Synopsis)(T. macrocephala) 048 Fukusho,K. 1967 "Morphological Study of Some Digestive Organs in Cichlid Fishes with Special Reference to the Digestive Tract" Proc.Jap.Soc.Syst.Zool.,No 3:29-40 (in Japanese, Eglish Synopsis, Headings > captions) 049 Fukusho,K. 1968 "The Specific Difference of Temperature Res­ ponses Among Cichlid Fishes Genus Tilapia" Bull.Japan.Sci. Fish. ,34 (2): 103-111 (T. macrocephala) 050 Geerts,M. 1980 "Sarotherodon melanotheron" N.V.C. iPeriodiek, afl. 33, Sar. 01.00.01-01.00.06 Nederlandse Vereniging van Ci-hlidenliefhebbers 051 Goedel,W. 1974 "Deitr~ige zur vergleichenden aund funktionellen Anatomie des Kopfes von Tilapia (Cichlidae, Teleo­ stei)" Zool.Jb.Anat.,92 Teil 1: 220-274 Teil 2: 321-383 052 Goldstein,R.J. 1973 "cichlids of the world" T.F.H. Publ.,Inc. Neptune City,N.J. 07753/USA 382 pp

053 Gras,R. 1961 "Liste des poissons du Bas Dahomey faisant partie de la collection du T boratoire d'Hydrobiologie du Senrice des Eaux, Fo-Ats et Chasse du Dahomey" Bull.Inst.i'r.Afr. Noire,23(A):572-586 (T. heudelotii) 054 GUtnther,A. 1862 "Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Vol. IV, 534 pp 055 Heinrich,W. 1967 "Untersuchungen zum Sexualverhalten in der Gattung Tilapia (Cichlidae, Teleostei) und bei Art­ bastarden" Z. Tierpsychol.,24(6):684-754 (in German, }hglish Summary) 056 Hyder,M. 1969 "Histological Studies on the Testis of Tilapia leucosticta and other species of the Genus Tilapia (Pisces: Teleostei)" Trans.Amer.Microsc.Soc.,88(2):211-231 (T. macrocephala) 73

057 Jakowska,S. 1950 "Spermatogenesis in the Cichlid fish Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker)" Trans.Amer.Microsc.Soc.,69:403-412

058 Kaplan,H.G. 1968 "Function of the Forebrain and the Cere­ bellum in he Acquisition and Performance of a Conditioned Avoidance Response in the Teleost Fish, Tilapia heudelotii macrocephala" Ph.D.Thesis, New York University, USA 059 Kaplan,H. & Aronson,L.R. 1967 "Effect of Forebrain Ablation on the Performance of a Conditioned Avoidance Res­ ponse in the Teleost Fish, Tilapia h. macrocephala" Anim.iBehav. , 15:438-448

060 Kaplan,H. & Aronson,L.R. 1969 "Function of Forebrain and Core­ bellun in Le-nun in the Teleost Tilapia heudelotii ,qacrocepha:L a" Bull. Amer.Nis .Nat. ils't., 142(2) :14 1-208

061 Lachner,E.A.; Robins,C. H. & Corurenay,W.R. jr. 1970 "Exotic Fishes and Other Aquatic Organisms Introduced into North America" Smithsonian Contributjion: to Zoology, No 59:1-29 062 Levy,M. & Aronson,L. {. 1955 "Morphological Effects of Castra­ tion and Hoimone Adminstration in the Male Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala" Anat.Record (Philad.),Amer.Soc.Zool.,1?2:450-451 abstract No 70

063 Loiselle,P.V. 1970 "Fishes of the Coastal Lagoons of Togo" The Aquarium, Vol. 3(1O):36-45

064 uowe-McConell,R.1I. 1975 "Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh­ waters Their distribution, ecology and evolution" Longman Group Ltd., London 337 pP ISBN 0-582-44348-2 065 Matthes,H. 1973 "A Bibliography of African Freshwater Fish Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy i-x + 299 pp

066 Mayland, H.J. 1976 "Die Buntbarsche Afrikas" Lehrmeister-Bcherei Nr. 75 232 P, 8 pls A. Philler Verlag, Minden. (.R.G.) ISBN 3 7907 0075 4

067 Mayland,H.J. 1978 "Cichliden Luid Fischzucht" Groie Aquarienpraxis, Band III, 418 pp Landbuch-Verlag, Iannover (F.R.G.), ISBN 3 7842 0194 6

068 Moss,M.L. 1961 "Studies of the Acellular Bone of Teleost Fish 1. Morphological and systematic variations" Acta anat. ,46:343-562

069 MossM.L. 1962 "Studies of the Acellular Bone of Teleost Fibh. II. Response to Fracture Under Normal and Acalcemic Conditions" Acta anat. ,48:46-60 74 070 Moss,M.L. 1962 "Studies of the Acullular Bone of Teleost Fish 3. Intraskeletal heterografts in the rat" Acta anat. ,49:266-280 071 Moss,M.L. 1963 "The Biology of Acellular Teleost Bone' Ani 1 .Ne' Yor'k Acad. Sci., 109(0):337-350 072 Noble,G.K. 1937 "ElueC, of Lesi on s of the Corpus Striatum on the BroodinC Behavior of Cichlid Fishes" ratr,. Record ( hi1ad.:70(1),Supu] 1: 5e abstract 073 Oppenheimer ,J.ia. & Barlow,0.W. 1968 "Dynamics of Parental Be- havior in ! 'e Black-Chinned Mouthbreeder, Tilapia melaoio the .on (PC..3ces:Cichlidae),, 7. Tier.u>< chol. ?5 (8) :889-914

074 Pauly,D. 1973 "0ko) ogische und J'ischrreilische Untersuchung einer kleinen Weotafrikcan ischen Laguna" Diplomarbeji t1 ri t.ui-plbreeht-Unversitit Kiel (F.E.(.), 89 pp 075 Pauly,D. 1974 "On some features of the infestation of the mouth­ breeding Fish Tilapia mn:lanotheron Rtippel, 1852 by the parasitic P; eonodes lagunaris van Ban­ ning, 1974" Beaufortia, 22(287) :9-15 076 Pauly,D. 1975 "On the ecology of a small west-African lagoon" Ber.dt~wiss .Kommn.Neeresforsch. ,24(1) :46-62 077 Pauly,D. 1975 "Investigations in the Sakuma Lagoon, 1971" : Apl)dx 2, ii-iv in: Report for the Biennium, 1973-74 on the Fishery Research Unit, Tema, Ghana 078 Pauly,D, 1976 "The Biology, Fishery. and Potential for melanotheron in a Small West African La­ goon" Aquaculture, 7:33-4.9 079 Payne,A.I. 1978 " Gut pQ and digestive strategies in estuarine grey mullet (Mugilidae) and tilapia (Cichlidae)" J.Fish Biol., 13:627-629 080 Pellegrin,J. 1904 "Contribution A l'tude anatomique, biolo­ gique et taxonomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlid6s" M1m.Soc.Zool..Fa.nce,16:41_400 (T. macrocephala) 081 Pellegrin,J. 1914 "Mission Gruvel sur la Ctte occidentale d'Afrique (1905--1912); - Poissons" Ann.Inst.Oceanographique,6(4):1_100 (T. macrocephala) 082 Peters,H.M. & BernsS. 1982 "Die Maulbrutpflege der Cichliden - Untersuchungen zur Evo.ution eines Verhaltensmusters" Z.f.zool.Syst.u.Evolut._foruch.,29():18­ 52 (in German,English summary:Mouth-brooding in Cichlids. A study of the evolution of a behaviour pattern) 75

083 Philippart,J.-Cl. & Ruwet,J.-Cl. 1982 "Ecology and distribution of tilapias" :15-59 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp. Internationa.l Center for Li­ ving Aquatic ?esources Management, Manila, Philippines 084 Pinter,}H. 1981 "Cichliden Buntbarsche Lr Aquarium" Verlag E. Ulmer, Stuttgart (P.R.G.) 184 pp ISBN 3-8001-053­ 085 Popper,A.N. 1977 "A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Saccus and Lagena in the Enas of 15 Species of Te­ leost Fishes" J .1,orphol. , 1535 (_)):397-4 18

086 Seela,G. 1982 "Win neuer afrikaniseher Maulbrfiter, Sarotherodon spec." Aquarien Terrarien (G.B.R.),29(8):272-274 087 Shafland,P.L. & Pns trac,J.M. 1982 "Lower lethal temperatures for fourteen non-native fishen in Florida" Ev. Biol.Fish. ,7(2): 149-156 088 Shaw,E.S. 1951 "Further Studies on the W-"tra-Oral Embryonic Survival of the Mouthbreeding Fish, Tilapia macroce­ phal a" Anat. Rec.,,11(3):449-450 089 Shaw,E.S. 1952 "The Role of Oral Incubation in the Embryonic Survival of the Cichlid Fish, Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker)" Ph.D.Thesis, New York University, USA

090 Shaw,E.S. 1954 "Oral incubation in Tilapia macrocephala I. Embryological Studies" Bull. Amer.Mus.Nat.Hist. ,103 (5):379-390 091 Shaw,E. 1956 "Two weeks in Father's Mouth" Natural History,65 (photo serie egg to young fish) 092 Shaw,E.S. & Aronson,L.R. 1954 "Oral incubation in Tilapia macro­ cephala 2. Experimental Studies" Bull..Amer.Mus.Nat. Hist. 103 (5) :391-415 093 Shirokova,E.N. 1983 "Dinamika nakopieniya kadmiya v period rannego ontogeneza nekororykh ryb" :93-101 Fisziologicheskie osnovy vosproizvodstva morskihk i prokhodnykh ryb SB.Nauchn.Tr.Vniro, Moscow,USSR ISSN 0372-.2864 (Dynamics of cadmium accumulation during early onto­ gansis in some fishes,:93-101 in: Physiological Basis of Reproduction of Marine and Anadromous Fishes) 094 Silliman,R.P. 1972 "Effect of Crowding on Relation Between Ex­ ploitation and Yield in Tilapia macrocephala" U.S.Fish. & Wildl.Serv.,Fishery Bulletin,70(3): 693 -698 76

095 Spieser,O.H. 1970 "Anatomische Untersuchungen an den Hirn­ nerven von Tilapia (Cichlidae, Teleostei)" Dissertation, Math.-Nat. Fak. Eberhard-Karls-Univ. Thbingen (F.R.G.) 62 pp 096 Springur,V.G. & Finucane,J.1I. 1963 "The African Cichlid, Ti­ lapia heudeloti DLwncril, in thu Commercial Fish Catch of Florida" Am9er. Fish. Soc. ,92:3 17-3 18 097 Staeck,W. 1982 "Hadbiuch der Cichlideiikunde ikutbariche: Arteni,Verhaltensbiologie,Pflege und Zu ch t" Pra~ncdil' che Ieriagiu dliui, W.Keller & Co.. Stutt­ gart (F. R.G.) ?00 pp ISBN 5-440-05094-7 098 Staeck,W. 1983 "Cichliden ihtdeclairgen und Neuimrporte Band III (Supplemerit zu Cichliden-Verbrei tung,Verhal­ ten,Ar ten)" E.Pfriem Verl.gWuperta-Elberfeld (F.R.G.,, 351 pp ISBN 3-921677-10-6

099 Stolk,A. 1980 "Sprache der Fische" Landbuch-Verlag, larimover (F.R.G.) 201 pp ISBN 3 7842 0225 X 100 Tavolga,W.N. & Jacobs,].W. 1971 "Scotopic Thresholds for Mono­ chromatic Light in the Cichlid Fish, Tilapia heude­ lotii macrocephala" Vision Res.,11:71)-717 101 Thomas, Pushpamangalam T. 1973 "An Analysis of the Picking up of Eggs by the African Black-Chinned Mouthbreeding Fish, Tilapia melanotheron" Ph.D.Thesis, N_- York University, USA 102 Thomas,R.F. & Aronson,L.R. 1976 "Monoamine-Affecting Drugs and Conditioned Avoidance Learning in the Black-Chinned Mouthbrooding Teleost" The Physiologist, 19(3) (abstract) 103 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1966 "Les Tilapia (Pisces, Cich­ lidae) du Sud-Cameroun et du Gabon &tude Systematique", Ann.Nus.roy.Afr.Certr. ,Sci.Zool.,No 153: 98 pp (T. heudelotii)(Souelaba spec. = T. melanotheron; other spec. = T. nigripinnis) 104 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1968 "An Annotated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr.,Tervuren/Belg., Doc.Zool. No 14, i-xl + 406 pp 105 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1971 "Some new data concerning the Tilapia-species of the Sub-genus Sarotherodon (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,84(3-4):203-216 77

106 Trewavas,E. 1983 "Tilapiine Fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia" :45-59 British Museum (Natural History) London 583 pp ISBN 0-565-008781

107 TrewavasE. & Irvine,F.R. 1947 "Fresh-Water Fishes" :221-282 in: Irvine,F.R.'; Brown,A.P.; Nonna,J.R. & Trewavas, E. (Eds.) The Fishes and Fisheries of the Gold Coast Crown Agents, London 352 pp

108 van Banning,P. 1974 "A new species of Paconodes (TherodaMiasidae, Cyclopoida), a parasitic copepod of the fish Tilapia melanotheron from tho Sakauno-lagoon, Ghana, Africa" Beaufortia, 22 (286): 1-7 109 Vernick,S.IH. 1962 "The effects of temp(,rature, light and high frequency radio waves upon the embryonic development of Tilapia lmcrocephcai ( ].eeker)" Ph.D.Thesis, Forononi Univ., USA 67 pp 110 von KraftA. & Peters,H.I i. 1965 "Vergleichende Studien iiber die Oogenese in der Gattung Tilaia (Cichlidae, Teleostei)" Z. Zellforuchung, 61:434-8.15 (T.macrocephala) 111 Weiss,R.E. & Watanabe,N. 1978 "Studies on the Biology of Fish Bone. Part 2. Bone Matrix Change; During Resorption" Comp. Biochem.Physiol.,61A(2):245-252 (T. macrocephala) 112 Weiss,R.E. & Watanabe,N. 1979 "Studies on the Biology of fish Bone. 7. Ultras truc ture of Osteogenesis and Resorption in Osteocytic Cellular and Anosteocytic Acellu].ar Bone s" Calcif.Tisaue Int.,28(I):43-56 (T. macrocephala) 113 Weitzman,R.A. 1959 "A comparison of the perfo'mance of rats and fish on a probalistic discriminative learning prob­ lem" Dissertation, Princeton University, USA

114 Weitzman,R.A. 1967 "Positional Matching in Rats and Fish" J.Comp.Physiol.Psychol.,63(1):54-59 (T. macrocephala)

115 Welcomme,R.L. 1972 "An evaluation of the acadja method of fishing as practised in the coastal lagoons of Dahomey (West Africa)" J.Fish Biol. ,4:39-55 116 Wohlfarth,G.W. & Hulata,G.I. 1981 "Applied Genetics of Tilapias"' ICLARM Studies and Reviews 6, 26 pp. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 117 Wukasch,H. 1982 "Ein neuer Cichlide aus Westafrika" Aquarian Terrarien (G.D.R.),29(8):274-276 Subject Index

1. Age determination 042 4. Aquarium observations 002,007

2. Alimentary tract 042 5. 004,Behaviour005, 5 eai u 018, 019, 029, 032, 034, 055, 072, 073,

3. Anatomy 082,090,099, 101 3.1. bones 5.1. aggressive 032, 111, 112 033 3 .1.1. acellu lar b o nes 5.2.5 breeding5 ,0 72 068,069,070,071, 112 3.1.1.1. biology 5.3. courtship 019 071 3.1.1.2. morphological variations 5.4. dominance 034 068 3.1.1.3. systematic variations 5.5. fernale x female 3.1..3.systmatcvaiatons004 pairs behaviour 068 3.1,2. biology 5.6, hybrids 111, 112 055 3.1.3. cellular bones 5.7. rnouth -brooding 082 112 3.1.4. matrix changes 5.7.1. evolution 1 1 10 082 8 3.2. brain nerves 5.8. parental 004,005,007,073, 101 095 i 5.9. perpendicular display 3.3. corpus lesions03 072 034 3.4, corpus striatum 5.10. reproductive 0.52E5.10.1. 005, 008 phylogenetic relationships 3.5. Ears 3.5.1. lagena 008 5.10.2. qualitative descriptions 085 005 3.5.2. saccus 085 5.11. sexual 055 3.6. Eye muscle nerves 095 5.12. territorial 095 055,099 3.7. head 5.13. young 3.7.1. comparative anatomy 029 051 3.7.2. functional anatomy 6. Bibliographies 051 001,016,065, 104 3.7.3. nerves 7. Biology 095 016, 039,078 3.8. lateralis 8. Castration effects 3.8.1. nerves 095 006,011,062 8.1. morphological effects 3.8.2. system 011,062 095 3.9.043 mtuscles 9. Cement glands 043,046 3,10. skeleton 10. 043 Cerebellum function 058

78 79

11. Circulatory system 21.1. cellular elements 043 056 21.2. chloride cells 12. Colour 035 12.1. effects of relative size on mate on colour patterns 21.3. endocrine experiments 018 004 12.2. patterns 21.4. horniones, drugs (effects) 018 008,011, 062

13. Development of the young 21.4.1. estradiol 029 011 21.4.2. estrogens 14. Diseases/Parasites 062 075,077. 078, 108 1i.4.3, gjonadal horinones 14.1. body anonalies 011 021 21.4.4. hornmone administration 15. D)istrilbut i ni 062 083, 106 21.4.5. testosterone 011, 062 16. Ecology '21.5. hypothalamic stimulation 047,076, 083, 106 032,033

17. Eggs 22. Ethological studies 038, 040,046,093, 110 036 17. 1 cornparatvf! studies 110 23. Eyes 043 17.2. minhrimni. morphology 093 24. Fecundity 17.3, numbers 040 0,0 17.4. production 25, Fertilization 038 090

17.5. size variation 046 26. Fins 043 17.6. weight 27. Fisheries

18. Elect ropherogram 016, 017,023, 026,040,041,064,074,077,078, 094,096, 107, 115 18.1. muscle potein 271. breeding 046 2 3 023 19. Embryogenesis 27.2. crowding 093 094

20. Entbryology/Young stages 27.3. digestion 088,089,090,093, 109 025 20.1. embryonic development 27.4. digestive 20.1.1. high frequency rad;.ej waves 27.4.1. organs 109 048 20.1.2, light frequency radio waves 27.4.2. strategies 109 079 20.1.3. stages in 27.4.3. tracts 090,109 048 20.2. studies 27.5. exploitation 090 094 20.3. survival 27.6. feeding (ncl. supplemental feeding) 088,089 025,032,033 27.7. food 21. Endocrinology 041,077, 106 008,011,035,062 80

27.8. food and feeding habits 31. 041,078 Gut pH 079 27.9. fry development 038 32. Hermaphroditism 27.10. growth 015 025, 042 33. Impact 27.10.1. effects 087 006 27.11. hybridization 34. Incubation, artificial 046, 106 088,090,092 27.12. pond culture 35. lntesr!nal 040 coiling 048 27.13. product iori/rcproduct ion 040,064 36. Introductions, on 27.13.1. types of reproduction 061,087 27.14064size 37. Learning 27.14.1 Sil 012,022,060, 102, 113, 114 27.14.1. co p o 37.1. conditioned 040 avoidance learning 102 27.14.2. frequency 37.2. function of 040 cerebellum 060 27.15. spawning 37.3, function of forebrain 038,046 060

27.15.1. frequency 37.4. positional matching 002, 003, 0.6, 038 114 27.15.2. influence of stimuli 003 38. Light 27.16. stock ing density 38.1. monochromatic light, thresholds for 094 100 27.17. yield 38.2. stimulus 094 100 28. Forebrain 39. 087 Limiting factors 28.1. ablation 058, 059 40. Mating 28.2. acquisition 40.1. activities 058, 102 004 28.3. avoidance conditioning 40.2. patterns 012,013,058,059, 102 004 28.4. funrtion 009,013,058 41. Maturity, size at first 28.5. histological analysis 058,059 42. Morphology 28.6. olfactory bulbs ablation 047,048 058,059 13. Neurology 28.7. performanc- of a conditioned avoidance response 3. Neurologi 058,059, 102 43.1. neurological experiments 28.8. removal 004 012 44. Ontogeny/Ontogenesis 28.9. role of 012 043,093 44.1. ontogenetic development

29. Genetics 043 116 45. Oocytes 30. Gonadosomatic index 110 040. 46. Oogenesis 110 81

47. Oral cavity, survival in ,dults 58.1. lateral.line canal 090 030

48. Oral incubation 59. Schreckstoff, released by young 038,089,090,091,092 046

48.1. experimental studies 60. Sperm 092 49. Osteogenesis 61. Spermatogenesis 112 056,057,090

62. Stunting 50. Ova 040 090 63. Systematic/Taxonomy (Identification keys) 51. Ovulation 026,054,080, 103, 104, 105,106 010 64. Temperature (Effects) 52. Physiology 049,087, 106, 109, 11C 004

53. Pigmentation 65. Testis 043 057

65.1. histological studies 54. Popular literature 056 014, 037, 045, 050, 052, 063, 066,067, 084, 086, 65.2. morphology 097,098, 09b, 117 5 6 056 55. Range 087 66. Toxine 66.1. toxicity 093 56. Recognition by blind individual 046 66.2. heavy metals 093

57. Salinity (Brackish water) 67. Visual stimuli, effects of 57.1. tolerance 006 106

58. Scales 030,031,042,043

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.6. Nigeria 016, 023, 024,026, 028, 038, 039, 040,041, 042, 026, 041,042 044, 053, 063, 064, 065, 074, 075, 076, 077, 078, 1.7. Sakuro Lagoon 079,081, 107, 108, 115 17 auoLgo 07,01,aho 0,15074,075,076,077,078,108 1.1.,Dahomey 1.8. West 053,064, 11504,715 Africa 1.2. hana044,079, 115 1.2. Ghana 023, 038, 039, 040, 074, 075, 076, 077, 078, 108 2. U.S.A. 1.3. Gold Coast 027,061,087,096 107 2.1. Florida 1.4. lvor Coast 027 061,087,096 028 1.5. Nigf, Delta U2,0 L Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840]

first described by: Smith,A. 1840 "Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Pisces." Part 9; Smith, Elder and Co., London (whole volum- published in 1849)

List of synon.ms and misidentifications

Chrornys moffatii de Castelnau,F.L. 1861 "Me'moire sur les Poissons de l'Afrique Australe" Paris, 78 pp Chromis sparmanni GUnther,A. 1862 "Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Vol. IV, 534 pp

Chromis ovalis Steindachner,F. 1866 "Ichthyologische Mittheilungen. (IX,) I. Ueber einige neue Siisswasserfische von Angola" Verhandl.der k.k.zool.bot.Ges.,Wien,XVI:761-771

Chromis niloticus (part) Peters,W.C.H. 1868 "Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique. Zoologie. IV Fluss­ fische" Berlin, in-4 0 , 116 pp Tilapia ovalis Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the African and Syrian Fishes of the Family Cichlidae, Part II" Proc.Zool.Soc.London,:98-143

Boulenger,G.A. 1901 "Les poissons du Bassin du Congo" Publ. Etat Ind6p.Congo, 529 pp

Pellegrin,J. 1903 "Contribution A l'6tude anatomique, biologique et taxonomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlid~s" :319 M6 m.Soc.Zool.1rance,16:41-400 Tilapia fouloni Boulenger,G.A. 1905 "On a Collection of Fishes from Lake Bangwelo" Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,Vol. 16, Ser. 7:642-647 Tilapia ovalis Boulenger,G.A. 1915 "Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit. Mus.(Nat.Hist.), Vol. III, 526 pp Gilchrist,J.D.F. & Thompson,W.W. 1917 "The Freshwater fishes of South Afr-ica" Ann.S.Afr.Mus.,Vol. 11 (6),5:465-575

82 83

Tilapia deschauenseei Fowler,H.W. 1931 "The Fishes obtained by the De Schauensee South African Expedition ­ 1930" Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philad.,83:233-24.9

Fowler,H.W. 1935 "Scientific Results of the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, March to September, 1930. Freshwater Fishes" Ann.Transv.Mus. ,16(2) :251-293 84

001 Ardizzone,GD. 1976 "A Bibliography of Africa- Freshwater Fish - Supplement 1 (1968-1975) Bibliographie des Poissons d'Eau Douce de l'Afrique - Suppl6ment 1 (1968-1975)" FAO/UN, Rome/Italy CIFA Occas.Pap. No 5, i-vii + 40 pp ISBN 92-5-000092-8

002 Axelrod,H. & Burgess,W.E. 1979 "africn-x cichlids of lakes mal awi and tanganyika" T.F-II. IPubl. , Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA Eight Edition, ISBN 0-87666-515-6, 384 pp 003 Balarin,J.D. & llatton,J.3?. 1979 "TILAPIA A guide to their biology A culture in Afrii." 11niver;1t'y of Stirling, Stirling,FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K., i-yjii + 171 pp ISBN 0 901636 23 1 004 Balarir,J.D. & Haller,I.,, 1982 "The Intensive Culture of Tila­ pias in Tanks, Raceways and Cages" :265-355 hA: Muir,J.F. & Rcberts,R.J. (Eds.) Recent Advances in Aquaculture; Croom Holm, London & Canberra; West­ view tress, Boulder, Colorado 453 pp ISBN 0-7099-0303-0 005 Bard,J. 1962 "Cu en eat Actuellement La Pisciculture Africaine?" Revue Bois et Forts des Tropiques, No 83:31-47 (in French, English abstract: What is the Present State of Fish Farming in Africa) 006 Bard,J. 1964 "Ou en est actuellement la pisciculture africaine?" Bulletin fronais de pisciculture,37(214):5-28 007 Bardach,J.E.; Ryther,J.H. & McLarney,W.O. 1972 "Culture of Tilapia" :350-384 in: Aquaculture. The Farming and Husbandry of Fresh­ water and Marine Organisms; Wiley-Interscience, New York-London, etc. 868 pp 008 Barnard,K.H. 1948 "Report on a Collection of Fishes from the Okovango River, with Notes on Zambesi Fishes" Ann. S.Afr.Mus. , 36 (5) :407-458

009 Barnard,K.H. 1948 "Revision of South African Cichlidae" lrov.Adm.Cape of Good Hope, Inl.Fish.Dept.Rep. 5: 48-61

010 Barnard,K.H. 195- "A pictorial Guide to South Africant Fishes" Maskew Miller, Ltd. , Cape Town 226 pp 011 Beirens,L. 1944 "De Congoleesehe Vischfauna" Uitg.WeetJust,Deurne-Antwerpen, 19 pp 012 Bell-Cross,G. 1961 "Sunken Lakes in the Ndola District" The North Rhod.J. ,4(5):433-439 013 Bell-Cross,G. 19o5 "Movement of fish across the Congo-Zambezi Watershed in the Mwinilunga District of Northern Rhodesia" Proc.Centr.Afric.Scient.&Med.Congr.,Lusaka,North. Rhodesia, 26-30 Aug. 1963, Publ. 1965, Pergamon Press, :415-424 85

014 Bell-Cross,G. 1974 "A fisheries survey of the Upper Zambezi River System" Occ.Pap.natn. us.Rhod. ,B5(5) :279-338 015 Bell-Cross,G. 1976 "The Fishes of iRhodesia" Trustee. of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhode a, Salisburv, Rhode..s t 68 pp 016 Boulenger,G.A. 1899 "A Revision of the Afri can And Syrian Fishes ," the Fanily Cich]idae , Y5Lrt II" P'roe. ,Zooi.*.SU( Londo , :98- 14A,

017 Boulenger,G.A. 190i "Los i'oissuns du oiiu::i Du Congo" Polb] ., Lindff . Cc ;o, )-' pp 018 Boulenger,G.A. 1911 "On a collection of fishes from the lake l1gaini basin, Bechuan,.Cmud" Trans. Sooi.Soc.London, 18(5).:399-418

019 Boulenger,G.A. 1915 Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History)" London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, Brit.Mus. (Nat.lHist.), Vol. 1II, 526 pp 020 Bowen,S.H. 1982 "Feeding, digestion and growth - qualitative considerations" :141-156 in:Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias; ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, 432 pp International Center for Li-. ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philip­ pines 021 Buwwaker,A.i. :9c4 "Resuarch Results - Lake Bangweulu II. - Predation by Phalscrocorax africanus (Gmelin) on Lakes Mweru and Bangweulu": 14-20 in: Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Pwp. No 11,1961,121 pp 022 Bruton,M.N. 1979 "The fishes of Lake Sibaya" :162-245 in: Allanson,B.R. (Ed.) Lake Sibaya Monographiae Biologicae. 36; 364 pp 023 Bruton,M.N. 1979 "The food and feeding behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces:Clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with emphasis on its role as a predator of cichlids" Trans.zool.Soc.London,35:47-1 14 024 Bruton,M.N. 1980 "An Outline of the Ecology of the Mgobezeleni Lake System at Sodwana, with Enphasis on the Mangrove Community" : 408-426 in: Bruton,M.N. & Cooper,K.H. (Eds.) Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland Rhodes University and The Natal Branch of The Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, 560 pp ISBN 0 86810 035 8

025 Bruton,M.N. & Appleton,C.C. 1975 "Survey of Mgobezeleni Lake- System in Zululand, with a Note on the Effect of a Bridge on the Mangrove Swamp" Trans.roy.Soc.S.Afr. ,41 (3):283-294 86

026 Bruton,M.N.; JacksonP.B.N. & Skelton,P.H. 1982 "Pocket guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa" Centaur Pubi., Cape Town 88 pp 027 Bruton,M.N. & Kok, u.M. 1981 "The Freshwater ["ishes of Maputa­ land" :210-24.1 in: Bruton,M.N. & Cooper,K.11. (Eds.) Studies on the ecology of Maputaland; Rhodes University, Grahams­ town, aod The Wildlife Society, Durban 560 pp 028 Cambray,J.A. ; Handiek,S. & HhndJiek,Q. 1979 "The juvenile and minnow fish populations in marginal areas of the P.K. le Rou Da" Dept. of Nature and ivirorunental Conserv.,Prov. Adm. Cape of Good Hope, Research Report: Fresh Water :21-58

029 Carey,T.G. 1967 "Kafue Rivor nnd Floodplain Research Fish Populations in Lagoon and Riverine Environments" Fish. Res. Bull. Zanbia ,:9-12

030 Carey,T.G. 1968 "Feeding Habits of some Fishes in the Kafue River" Fish. Res. Bull.Zamnbia,4: 105-109 031 Carey,T.G. 1971 "Hydrobiological Survey' of the Kafue Flood Plain" Fi sh. Res. Bull. Zambia, 5: 2,15-295

032 Carey, 1.G. & Bell-Cross,B. 1967 "Breeding Seasons and Quantitative Data on Gonads and Ova, for Certain Fish Species" Fish.Res.Bull.Zxmbia,:12-21 033 Caulton,M.S. 1975 "The ability of the cichlid fishes Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, Tilapia sparrmanii A. Smith and Hfemihaplochromis (=Pseudocrenilabrus) philander (M. Weber) to enter deep water" J.Fish Bic1.,7:513-517 034 Chervinski,J. 1982 "livironmental physiology of tilapias" :1,19-128 in: Pullin,R.S.V. & Lowe-McConnell,R.H. (Eds.) The biology and culture of Tilapias, ICLARM Conference Proceedings 7, ,2'.' pp International Center for Li­ ving Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines 035 Clay,D. 1976 "An Investigation into the Distribution of Fish in Swaziland" Rev.Zool.afr. ,90(3) :547-558 036 Coke,M. & Pott,R. 1970 "The Pongolo Floodplain Pans - A plan for conservation" :2a, 7 + 9 Natal Parks Board, 34 pp

037 Collins,H.L. 1965 "Nurturing experiments with regard to "Adult imprinting" and recognition of young in the cichlid species Tilapia sparrmani and Aequidens latifrons" Ph.D.Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan/USA 87

038 Collins,H.L. 1972 "Mouth Brooding Behavior in the Substrate Spawning Cichlid, Tilapia Sparrmani" Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science,38(1): 17-18

039 Crass,R.S. 1959 "Tilafha in Noa." :2-'51 in: PTroce;. ist Fish Day in S. Rhodesia, Aug. 1957, Gov.rnment P.rin ter, Salisbury

040 Crass,R,S. 1962 "Notes on the Fr-eshwater Fishes of Natal with Descriptions of Four New Species" Ann. Nat al Museum, 14 (3 ):405-4 58

041 Crass,R.S. 1964 "Freshwater Fishes of Natal" Shucer & Shooter, Pietormaritzburg, Natal 167 pp

042 de Bont,A.F. 1950 "Rapport annuel 1947-19,1.8 de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles" Bull. Agric. Congo Belge,,11(2):473-538 043 de Bont,A.F. 1954 "Station de Recherches Piscicoles A Eli­ sabethville Rapports annuels No 2 (1949) et No 3 (1950)" 13ull.Agric.Congo belge,45(i):157-18. 044 de Kimpe,P. 1956 "Vbgetation phanerogamique et plancton" :1149-1156 in: de Bont,A.F. "Station de Recherches Piscicoles h Kipopo (Elisabethville) Rapport annuels No 6 (1954) et No 7 (1955)" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,47(4):1089-1164

045 Donnelly,B.G. 1969 "Observations on the temperature preferenda of three cichlid fishes, Tilapia mossambica Peters, Tilapia sparrmanii A. Smith and Hemihaplochromis philander (M. Weber)" Unpubl. honours project, Rhodes Univ. Grahamstown 046 Douthwaite,R.J. 1982 "Changes in Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) feeding related to Endosulfan Pollution From Tsetse Fly Control Operations in the Okavango Delta, Bots­ wana" Journal of Applied Ecology,19:133-141 047 Dudley,R.G. 1974 "Grorth of Tilapia of the Kafue Floodplain Zambia Predicted Effects of -the Kafue Gorge Dam" Trans.Amer.Fish.Soc., 103(2):281-291 048 Dudley,R.G. & Scully,R.J. 1980 "Changes in experimental gillnet catches from the Kafue Floodplain7 Zambia, since construction of the Kafue Gorge Dam" J.Fish Biol.,16:521-537 049 du Plessis,S.S. 1945 "Observations on the Habits of Tilapia sparrmanii" Prov.Administr.,Cape of Good Hope,In!.Fish.Dept. Report No 2:8-9 88

050 du Plessis,S.S. 1962 "Sparrman's Kurper" Fauna and Flora, Transvaal, 13:51-52 051 du Plessis,S.S. o Groenewald,A.A. 1953 "The Kurper of Trans­ vaal" Fauna & Flora, 'ransvaal, No 3:34-43 052 Ererett,G.V. 1971 "Sanplirng Fish Stocks in the Kafue River" Fish. Res. Bull. Zabia, 5: 297-304

053 Fowler,H.W. 1935 "Scientific Results of the Vernay-Lang Kala­ hari ib:pedition, March to September, 1930. Fresh­ water Fishes" Ann. Transv.Mus. , 16(2) :251-29j

054 Frazier,J.M. 1951/52 "Further Notes on Tilapia sparrmani": 33 in:Aquarium Highlights (Innes,W.T. ; Ed.) (Repr. of articles from the magazine The Aquarium) Inr, . Publ. Comp. , Philadelphia/USA 519 pp 055 Frey,H. 1978 "Buntbarsche - Cichliden" Zierfisch-Monographien Band 4, 146 pp Verlag J. Neumnn-Neudamm, Melsungen-Berlin-Basel- VIien ISBN 3-7888-0250-2

056 Fryer,G. & Iles,T.D. 1972 "The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa Their Biology and Evolution" Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, i-xvi + 641 pp ISBN 0 05 00234.7 0 057 rujita,K. 1971 "Early Development of the Squantion in Tilapia sparrmani" Japanese Journal of , 18(2):90-93 058 Fujita,K.; Fukusho,X ; flattori,J.; Kuronuma,K. & Nakajnura,Y. 196( "Comparison of Morphology and Ecology in Three Spe­ cies of Tilapia (Preliminary Report)" Proc.Jap.Soc.Syst.Zool., No 2:31-35 (in Japanese, English Synopsis) 059 Fakusho,K. 1967 "Morphological Study of Some Digestive Organs in Cichlid Fishes with Special Reference to the Di­ gestive Tract" Proc.Jap.Soc.Syst. Zool., No 3:29-40 (in Japanese, English synopsis, headings & captions) 060 I'akusho,K. 1968 "The Specific Difference of Temperature Res­ ponses Among Cichlid Fishes Genus Tilapia" Bull.Japan Soc.Sci.Fish.,34(2):103-111

061 Fukusho,K. 1969 "The Specific Difference of Salinity Tolerance Among Cichlid Fishes Genus Tilapia and Histological Comparison of Their Kidneys" Bull.Japan Soc.Sci.Fish.,35(2):148-155 89

062 Gaigher,I.A. 1973 "The Habitat preferences of fishes from the Limpopo River System, Transvaal and Mocambique" Koedoe, 16:103-116

063 Gaigher,I.G. & Pott,!.Mc.(.,. 1973 "Dieti:ibution of Fishes in Southerl Africa" Sou Lh Afr .J Sc ., C):25-27

064 Gilchrist,J. D.P. '., Thompson,W.W. 1917 "The Freshwater Fishes of Soutl Africa" .S.A.r.Nue. ,Vol. I1(6) ,5:465-575

065 Goldstein,R.J. 1970 "Cichlid" T.F. i. Iubl., Inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 25, pp I 130 -S7666-020-0 066 Goldstein, R.J . 1975 "cicl1iids of the w-orld" T.F.11. Publ., Inc., Neptune City, N.J. 07753 USA 382 up

067 Harrison,A.C. 1963 "Fresh water fi:A and fishing in Africa" Chapter 1., Cape Province; Nelson . Johuinesbnrg

068 Hecht,T. 1979 "The Value of Otoliths in iresh Water Fisheries Biologj ad Taxonomy" Series All , University of the North, Pie tersburg; Rep. South Africa 17 pp

069 Ilepburn,H.R.; _,rman,N.J.; Jacobson,iI.J. & 'atti,1.P. 1973 Trends in Arthropod Defensive Secretions, an Atuatic Predo tor As;say" Oecologia't (Berl.), 12:373-382

070 Hey,D. 1978 "The Fauna anud Flora of Southern Africa and -their Conservation" Dept. Nat. Environm. Conservation,Cape prov.Administr., Cape TovnI 48 pp

071 Huet,M. 1948 "Mission Piiscicole du Katanga 1946-1947" Bull.Agric.Congo Belge,39(4):911-934

072 Hu)._,.,A. 1950 "Le R&<-me alimentaire des Poissons du Centre africair Int(eret e'ventuel de ces poissons en vue d'une Zotechnie bconomique (1)" Bull.Ag:ric.Congo Belge,41(1):145-17 6

073 Ishibashi,N. 1974 "Feeding, Starvation and Weight Changes ofL Early Fish Larvae" :339-344 in: Blaxter,J.H.S. (Ed.) The Early Life History of Fish (Proc.Inteim.Symp. held at the Dunstaffnage Marine Res.Labor. of the Scottish Marine Biol. Assoc. at Oban, Scotland, from May 17-23, 1973) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 765 pp 90

074 Jackson,P.B.N. 1961 "The Fishes of Northern Rhodesia" Government Printer, Lusaka 140 pp 075 Jauncey,K. & Ross,B. 1982 "A GuLde to Tilapia Feeds and Feeding" Universi y of jtirling, Stirlinig, Scotland U.K. i11 pp

076 Jubb, R.A. 1950 "Some Notes on Freshwater Fishes in Southern ROhode: a.. Part V'' kihod. 'krLj u J. , 47:_59 1-*5 077 Jubb, R.A. 1952 "No,, on l1h', .1 ;?hes in Southern Rho­ desi, A or L1Ouatthe More Common Indigenous Speci,.'" Rhod.A f: ., . ,, )9(") :j( ( 2i 078 Jubb, R.A. 1953 ""ish-,adde' and the Migration of Freshwater Fis hes" i{Rod, 4.rj 2.J ,5 : 6-6'

079 Jubb, R.A. 1953 "Some NoteN on F'reshwater Fishes in Southern Rhodesia The 'Tilapia mark'''' i}hcd. Agris..J. ,50:292-29

080 Jubb, R.A. 1961 "An Illustrated Guide to the Freshwater-Fishes of the Zambezi Iy er, lake Kariba, Pungwe, Sabi, 1,u11i6 and Limpopo Rivers" Stuart M,anniing, Bulawayo 171 pp 081 Jubb, R.A. 1965 "iV'eshwater Fishes of the Cape Province'' Am . ape Prov.ru . ,,:1-72 082 Jubb, R.A. 1971 "Cave and Sinkhole Fishes of Southern Africa" Part 2 Afri.caii Aqcjari st,,4(5): 12-14 083 Jubb, R.A. 1971 ",ave and Sinkhole Fishes of Southern Africa" Part 5 African Aquaist, 4(7) :6-8 084 Jubb, R A. A FarquharsonF.L. 1965 "The Fresh water fishes of the Orange River Drainage Basin" Sth.Afr.J.Science,61:118-12 5 085 Kenmuir,D.H.S. 1981 "Fish Production and Farm Dams" Zimbabwe agric.J.,78(6):209-214 086 Kleynhans,C.J. 1980 "A Checklist of the Fish Species of the Crocodile River and Matlabas River Limpopo System of the Transvaal, South Africa" J.Limnol.Soc.South Afr.,6(1):33-34 087 Koch,B.S. & Schoonbee,1i.J. 1980 "A Fish Mark-Recapture Study in Boskop Dam, Western Transvaal" Water S.A., 6(3):149-155 91

088 Kramer,S. 1969 "T. sparrmani and the evolution of oral incu­ bation in Tilapia (Cichlidae)" kmner.Soc Zool. ,9(): 1074 (abstract)

089 Lebrun,P. 1982 "Tilapia :msTr'mai A. Smith, 1840" Ci (B[.Ac l (')-175- 1P2 Ble!iche Cichliden Ver­

090 Le Roux,P.J . ng ulobits uf the Young of Four Spe­ cius oC Ti.]apia"l ou ':'.J .Sci. ,55 (,) :'5 -37

091 Loiselle,P.V. 1974 "Ti ' Cich]id Fishes of the Chilwo-Chiuta DO pre ' i on" Bun tbar ch: i3ulilo tinlNo 44 :6- -12 American Cichlid Asoci ati Un

092 Lowe-McConnell, R.IH. 1975 " sh Cominirj ties in T'ropical Fresh­ waters Theiridtribution, ecology and evolution ' ' Lonigma'n o',in .td., London 357 pp

093 Lowe-McConnell, U. I 1 8' "lopia; in fisi communities " :83-113 in: hI' , '.S.V.Lowe-cConno]..i.t. (Eds.) The bi olog.nl...... of" tilapJas, ICLAIM Conforence P'r'c edAi ' 7, .1 ; pp) 'i ternatio-nal Cen to:' Co" Li­

094 Marshallh.. & LUULu,K.A. 1976 u mvelc Fish .opulution in the g .!-A - u h -e iR. I , thodesia'' J.LL'mno!.SO i.t . . ,<( ) :07-/ : 095 Matthes,H. 1975 "A Bibliogra.phy of A.rican Preshwater Fish Bib.iographie des -oiscsons 1' Eau Douce de 1'Afrique " FAO/UN, Rome/taly i-: . 299 pp

096 MatthiessentP. 1981 "ilaemato1_ogical changes in; fish following aer ial spraying w.ith endosu]fa inse cticide for tse­ ,se l.: conitrol i-1n Bot swana" J.FIi sh Itioi.,18:4C1-,169 097 Mayland,Hi.J. 1978 AC:chliP en und Fischzucht" Grolie Aquarienpraxis, Band 111, 448 pp Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover (F.R.G.) ISBN 3 7842 0194 6 098 Mayland,H.J. 198? "Be; Malawi-See und seine Fische" Laxidbuch-Verlag, Hannover (3.3i.G.) 556 pp ISBN 5 7842 0257 8 099 Meinken,Ii. (n.d.) "Tilapia s-arrmani_ Andrew Sini th" Aquarienfische in Wort und Bild, :799/800 i00 Morawad. 1964 "Bedeutung, Verbreitung und Lebensgewohnheiten einiger Buntbarscharten (Tilapiae)" Der Fischwirt,14(5): 135-142 92

101 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "Observations of the Movements of Fish in a Fish Ladder in Northern Rhodesia" Joint Pi'h. Ren .Org.,Ann.Rep. No 9:67-71

102 Mortimer,M.A.E. 1959 "Threc, Years .ohi Catchel: from a Con­ se;.,'V on Dam in. Nor hqjjn Iho.!eo a" Prue. It Fi;h.l,, ULI.ifflol,:'_ 103 Mortimer,M.A.E. 196, "'A Hpo:r on ho Coi:;, rva t ,, DrunD Fishe­ rie" 'f .orh' rrn ,,i, , 1951-196" :75-121 Join hF .i.C. . . . No 11, 1961,121 pP

104 Peak,M.J. ; Hulur,..A & ., . . ' "Tempijlzuture Accli-­ marion in Tiapia spr'rwmm 1i: ome Effects of Thiou' ,Zoo]_oi ic A 'ricI l , :( P):9 -104

105 Pellegrin,J. 19A Cont.ibuticn A !'ud anatoimique, biolo­ gique et Utxonominuu Us poisJon ce In famnille dcew . chA id,s" IN1e. Se ,o].Z oI ' i-An0

106 Telzman,R.J. 1972 "iEviuaLion ()f Introduction of Tilapia Opcrrmni i nto -aliifocial The Resources A'neI oi. CL i:'ni, Dept. Fish rnd Gname, 11 I ii1h1hiurn ye Roport!i No. 72-3 7 Pp

107 Philippart,J.-Cl. & Ruwet,J.-l. 19'4 "Ecology and distribution of ti].apia" : 15-5) in: FullinR{.S.V. ,&,/.wn- 1c olnell,R. ii. (Eas.) The biology and culture o I ia1'. ICLAI1,; Conference Proceedings 7, 152 pp. Ilternational Center for Living Aquatic i{c0ourcus IIanagement, Mionila, Philip­ pines

108 PienaarU. de V. 1962 "Th: Freshwater Fishes of the Kruger National Par'' Koedoe, No 11: I-Q)

109 Pienaar,U. de V. 1978 "The F'Leshwater Fishes of the Kruger National Park'' A Publication of the National Parks Board of Trus­ tees of the iepublic of South Africa 91 pp 110 Pinter,H. 1981 "Cichliden Bun tbar;cho im Aquarium" Verlag E Ulmer,St uttgrt (F.R.G.) 184 pp IS13N 3-80O1-[7O3-,8 111 Poll,M. 1967 "Con tribouLion A la jaune ichthyologique dc 1 ' Angola'' Comp. Di2, An,1,(a,Publ. Cult., 1o 75, 381 pp

112 Poll,M. 1976 "]' xploration du Pare National de L'Upemba - Mission G.F. do Witte - Poissons" , Fondat.pour Favor. Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique, fast. 73: 127 PI) 93

113 Ricardo,O.K. 1939 "Report on the Fish and Fisheries of Lake Rukwa in Tanganyika Territory and the Bangweulu Region in Northern Rhodesia" Crown Agents for the Colonies, London 78 pp 114 Ricardo-Bertram,C.K. 1943 "The Fishes of the Bangweulu-Region" J.Linn.Soc.,(Zool.),London, 41:183-217 115 Ricardo Bertram,C.K.; Borley,H.J.H. & Trewavas,E. 1942 "Report on the Fish and Fisheries of Lake Nyasa" Crown Agents, London 181 pp 116 Rowe-Rowe,D.T. 1971 "Rotenone Tolerances of Some Freshwater Fishes of Natal" Prog. Fish-Cult.,33(4):206-209 117 Ruth,D.J. & Mortimer,M.A.E. 1965 "The Transport of Live Fish in Northern Rhodesia" Prog.Fish-Cult., :121-128 118 Schoenen,P. 1978 "Cichliden von A-Z Tilapia sparrmanii SMITH, 1840" DOG-Info'9(10) Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft e.V. 119 Smith,J.L.B. 1937 "Fresh-;.ater Fishes of Eastern Cape Province" in: A Guide to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Part II. Reptiles, Amphibians and Fresh-water Fishes :119-141 Albany Museum, Grahamstown repr. 1969 inkVol. 1, Ichthyol.Papers :215-237 J.L.B.Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown 120 Soulsby,J.J. 1960 "Some Congo Basin Fishes of N. Rhodesia" North.Rhod.Journal,4(3) :231-246 121 Staeck,W. 1974 "Cichliden Verbreitung-Verhalten-Arten" E. Pfriem Verlag, Wuppertal-Elberfeld (F.R.G.) 317 pp 122 TaljaaraE.J. 1964 "Statistics of the Northern Fisheries Areas, 1961" :59-71 Joint Fish.Res.Org.,Ann.Rep. No 11, 1961, 121 pp

123 ThompsonK.W. 1981 "'Karyotypes of six species of African Cich­ lidae (Pisces: Perciformes)". Experientia, 37:351-352 124 Thys van den Audenaerde,D.F.E. 1964 "Rvision syst6matique des esp~ces congolaises du genre Tilapia (Pisces,Cichli­ dae)" ;. ' I:15Ann.Mus.roy.Afr.Centr., 5 p p : - . " in-8 : .., Sci.Zool.' . .,:, No. ..124, . .- .- . 125 Thys van den AudenaerdeD.F.E. 1968 "An Ann tated Bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae)" Mus.r.Afr.Centr., Tervuren/Belgique Doc.Zbol. No 14 i-xl + 406 pp u•i.i

"a p 94 126 Tinley,K.L. 1958 "A preliminary report on the ecology of Lake Sibayi, Tongaland" Unpublished report to Natal Parks Board, Pieter­ marl tzburg 127 Tinley,K.L. 1958 "A preliminary report on the ecology of the Komi IL System, Tongaland" Uh jubliihed report to Natal Parks Board, Pieter­ mari tzbuq,g

128 Toots,H. 1970 "xotic 'i:shes in Rhodesia" Riod r. J. ,67 (4): I­ 129 Toots,H. 1973 "Farm amis for Fish Production" Rhod.Aric.J. ,71(6): 133-138 (Bulletin 2684) 130 Trewavas,E. 1966 "A preliminvry review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names" Rev. ZooL . Do t. Af. , 74 (3-4):394-421 131 van Dyk,L.P. & Greeff,C. . 1977 "Endosulfan Pollution of Rivers and Streum in the Loskop Dam Cotton-growing Area" Agrochemophoic2 , 9(3): 71-75 132 Vervoort,A. 1980 "The Karyotypes of 7 species of Tilapia, Te- Jeostei, Cichlidae" Cytologia (To1yo),45(z):651_656 133 Voss,J. 1972 "Contribution A l'Ethologie des Foissons Cichlidcs: Tilapia sparrmo-uiii Sli.ith. 18,10" 1ev.Zoo .Bot.Afr. ,85(3-4-: 3 69 - 3 88 (in V'ench, Wnglish summary) 134 Voss,J. 1972 "Caracteren hthologiques et Statut syst 6matique do iilljin sparrmanii Smith, 1840" Rev. Zool.Bot.Afr.,86(i-2):31-49 (in French) 135 Voss,J. 1980 "GClo Patter'ns of African Cichlids" T.F.H. Pul., inc., Neptune City,N.J. 07753 USA 1;-5 pp ISBN 0-87666-503-2 136 Voss,J. 1983 "Kleurpatronen bij Tilapia sparrmanii' CICIILiIDAE 9(2):73-59 elgisehe Cichlidenliefhebbers Verenigi lg 137 Wager,V.A. 1968 "Destruction by Tilapia" Africaui Wi.dlife,22:528-339 138 Whitfielu,A.K. 1980 "A Checklist of Fish Species Recorded from Maputaland Estuarine Systems" :204-209 in: Bruton,M.N. & Cooper,K.H. (Eds.) Studies on The Ecology of Maputaland Rhodes University and The Natal Branch of The Wild­ life Society of Southern Africa 560 pp ISBN 0 86810 035 8 95

139 Williams,N.V. 1960 "A Review of the Kafue River Fishery" RIod. A;Fr c.J. ,57 (I) :86-92

140 Williams, K. 1971 "Fi:Ol color' of the Kafue River and Flood la~in ihi.Irommotv2 )ish . c~s 2u_ i t,5:505-5J0

141 Wohlfarth,G.,1. A iu.t,.. I191 "Apiplied Genetics of Tilapias" NMI .J tudies inid Reiews' ), 26 pp. International Center for Livn; Aquat.ic e'sources Management, Manii.a, Pull lpl n: Subject Index

1. Arthropod defensive chemicals 13. Ecology 069 014,024,058, 107, 140 1.1. arthropod defensive secretions 069 14. Enbryolo(y/Young stages 049, 073 2. Behaviour 037, 038, 056, 088, 133, 134 15. Endocrinology 2.1. adult mrpintinq 15.1. Hormones, D-ugs (Effects) 037 15.1.1. Floterione 2.2. foreign youJg, acceptance of 116 056 2.3. lnrur ig eXpl~eInlenlts ~3 16. Environmental physiology 037 634

2.4. parental behaviour 17. Ethograms 038,056,088 133, 134 2.5. ieproductive behaviour 133 18. Expressive movements 133 2.6. sexual behjviur1 133, 134 19. Fecundity 2.7. territoiial tiehiaviour 032 133, 134 20. Fish eating birds, food of 3. Bibhogriphres 046 001,003,095,125 21. Fish communities 4. Biology 093 003 22. Fish ladders 5. Cement glands 078, 101 056 23. Fish movements 6. Checklist 013,014, 101 086, 138 24. Fisheries "7. Colour patterns 003, 004, 133, 134, 135, 136 042, 043, 044,005, 047,006, 048,052,071,072,075,085,007. 011,014, 020, 034,039, 090, 100, 102, 103, 113, 115, 117, 122, 129, 139

8. Control of . .. 24.1. algaes 8.1. tsetse fly 044 046,096 24.2. breeding

9. Deep water, ability to enter 24.2.1. gregmious 033 056 24.2.2. seasons 10. Diel movement -,urveys 032 028 24.3. darn fisheries 085, 102, 103, 129 24.4. Energy sources, dietary 11.1. digestiveorgans 075 059 24.5. feed 11.2. digestive tracts 059 24.5.1. feeds(uffs analysis 075 11.3. intestinl coiling 059 24.5.2. formulation 075 12. Distribution 24.5.3. manufacture 013,014,035,063,092,107 075

96 97

24.5.4. processing 31. Hydrobioloqy 075 031

24.6. feedng (inc. suppleniental feeding) 32. Introductions, on 020,073 106106 24.6.1. feedinq ecology 075 33. Kidney

24.6.2. feedrin habits 061 030,090 33.1. Histology

24.6.3. feeding regimes 061 075 33.2. Morphology

24.7. feeds, toxins in 061 075 34. Life History 24.8. food 106 115

24.9. Growth 35. Mangrove community 020,047 024,025 24.10. intensive culture 004 36. Migration of fish 078 24.11. length trequency 028 37. Mineral requirements

24.12. nutrient i equ irements 075 075 38. Morphology 24.13. pond culture 058, 059 039, (42,071

24.14. prey 39. Motor pattern. 023 133

24.15. sampling fish 029 40. Nest 056 24.16. size 056 41. Oral incubation, evolution 24.17. statistics 088 122

24.18. transport systems 42. Otoliths 117 068

24.19. weight changes 43. Ova 073 032

25. Genetics 123, 132,141 44. Oxygen consumption 073 25.1. chromosomes 123, 132 45. Pair formation

25.2. karyotypes 088 123, 132 46. Popular literature 26. Gonads 002, 054, 055, 065,066, 082,083,089,091,097, 032 098,099,110,118,121

27. Gut contents of fish eating birds 47. Predator assay 021 069

28. Habitat preferences 48. Protein 062 48.1. requirements, qualitative 075 29. Habits 049 48.2. requirements, quantitative 075 30. Haematology 48.3. sources 30.1. haematolugical changes 075 096 98

49. Salinity fBrackish water) tolerance 55. Tilapia 061 mark 079 50. Scales 56. Toxins 057 56.1. toxicity 51. Starvation 046,094,096, 131 073 56.2. aerial spraying 096 52. Systemat cs/Taxonomy 56.3. endosulfan 009,016,01/,018,019, 105, 124, 130 046,096,131 53. Temperat Or, offects 56.4. insecticides 034,045 0u0,067, 141 046,096 5j.1, ,icclination 56.5. poisoning fish 067, 104 094

54. Thiourea effects 57. Vitamin requirements 104 075

Geographic Index

1. Africa 1.14. 001, 002, 003, 004,005,006, 008, 010, 011, 012, 115 013 014, 015 016, 017, 018, 019, 021, 022, 023, 1.15. LakeMclfwioe 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 035, 094 036, 039, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 094 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 062, 063, 061, 067, 1.16. LakeSibaya 070, 071, 072, 074, 076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 022,023 082, 083, 084, 085, 119, 120, 122, 126 127, 128, 1.17. LakeSibayi 129, 121,137,138, 139, 140 126 11. Anqol; 1.18. Limpopo River

1.2. 114 062,080 1.19, Lundi River 113,114 080 10.3. Boskop-Dm 1.20. Maputaland 087 024,027, 138 1.4.04.,096 Botswana 1.21. Mgobezeleni Lake System 024,025 1.5. Cape Province 1.22. Mozambique 081, 119 062 1.6. Congo/Zaiie 1.23. Mwekera Dam 011,013,017,042,043 102 1.7. Kahjt; Floodplain 1.24. Natal 031 047,048. 140 036, UJD, 040, U41,116, 126, 127 1.8, Kafu,! Gorge Dam 1.25. Orange River 047,048 084 1.9. Kafue River 029,030,052, 139, 140 1.26. Pongolo Floodplain 036 1.10. Katanga 1.27. Pungwe River 071 080 1.11, Kosi Lake 127 1.28. Sabi River 080 1.12. Kruger National Park 108, 109 1.29. South Africa 010, 026, 028, 049, 063, 064, 067, 070, 081, 1.13. Lake Kariba 083,108,109,119 080 99

1.30. Swaziland 1.35. Zimbabwe (formerly flhodesia) 035 012, 013, 015, 074, 076, 077, 078, 079, 085, 094, 1.31. Tongaland 101,102, 103, 117, 120, 122, 128, 129 126, 127 1.36. Zululand 1.32. Transvaal 025 050,051,053,062,086,087,090 2. U.S.A. 1.33. Zambezi 106 013,014,080,092 2.1. California 1.34. Zambia 106 029,030,031,047,048,052,140