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! Exploring the Meaning of Playing Otome Games for Taiwanese Gamers in a Gendered Context

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! Exploring the Meaning of Playing Otome Games for Taiwanese Gamers in a Gendered Context ܌ز཮ࣽᏢଣཥᆪࣴޗ୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢ ᅺγፕЎ Graduate Institute of Journalism College of Social Science National Taiwan University Master Thesis ߃௖Όζၯᔍ܄ձཀ఼! Exploring the Meaning of Playing Otome Games for Taiwanese Gamers in a Gendered Context ഋಯݒ Wan-Hsin Chen ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻљᗽᑮ റγ Advisor: Teri Silvio, Ph.D. ύ๮҇୯ 104 ԃ 7 Д July 2015 i 嫅录 ㆹᶨ䚜奢⼿⨺ṳ⯙⁷㗗掉⫸炻㚫䄏⮬↢奨䚳侭䘬㧋尴ˤᶨᾳṢ䚳Ṩ湤⨺ ṳˣ⾶湤䚳忁ᾳ⨺ṳ炻⍵㗈ḮṾ㗗⾶湤㧋䘬Ṣˤ忁㛔婾㔯⮓䘬㗗斄㕤ḁ⤛忲㇚ 䘬䍑⭞炻ṾᾹ⮵忲㇚㔯㛔ᷕ䘬⤛⿏ˣ䓟⿏奺刚怬㚱ッね㓭ḳ䘬姽₡冯ῷ⤥炻⤪ ỽ⍵㗈ṾᾹ⛐䎦⮎䓇㳣ᷕ⮵㕤⿏⇍冯奒⭮斄Ὢ䘬䎮妋ẍ⍲ṾᾹ㇨幓嗽䘬⿏⇍䑘 ⠫ˤ 㖑⛐∃忚䞼䨞㇨㗪炻ㆹ⯙䡢⭂冒⶙゛天⮓ᶨᾳ␴⿏⇍㚱斄䘬柴䚖ˤỮ㰢⭂ 㗗䎦⛐忁ᾳᷣ柴炻⇯㰺㚱䴻忶⣒⣂䘬㶙⿅䅇ㄖˤ⮵ℑ⸜⋲⇵䘬ㆹ侴妨炻Ṿ㗗ᶨ ᾳㆹ㚱溆䅇〱ˣỤ᷶嶇⿏⇍㚱斄炻妶婾崟Ἦ⎗傥㚫㚱嵋炷ㆾ侭⼰䃉俲炸䘬䞼䨞 ⮵尉ˤ 姀⼿∃攳⥳⮓忁ấ婾㔯䘬㗪῁炻Ἓ䅽⓷ㆹ炻ㆹ䘬䞼䨞㚫㚱Ṩ湤届䌣烎⾀Ḯ ㆹ㗗⾶湤䫼䘬炻Ữ䷥ᷳㅱ娚㗗ᾳ㺧䇃䘬䫼㟰ˤ恋ᾳ⣙䛈䘬㘂ᶲ炻ㆹ≒≃䘬゛ 叿炻⮵炻㇨ẍㆹ䘬䞼䨞㚱Ṩ湤届䌣烎忁ᾳ柴䚖嶇㕘倆䃉斄炻ḇ␴㓧㱣ˣ䴻㾇ˣ 㮹ᷣ炻ẍ⍲℞Ṿ㇨媪焏慵天䘬ḳ焐䃉斄ˤ䛤ᶳⓗᶨ䘬届䌣炻⤥⁷⎒㚱⸓≑ㆹ㊧⇘ 䡑⢓⬠ỵˤ䷥ᷳ炻忁ᾳ⓷柴ᶨ䚜㒙⛐ㆹ䘬⽫ᶲ炻ᶵ㗪䶰丆叿ㆹˤ䚜⇘婾㔯ㆸ䧧 Ẁ㠻䘬㬌⇣炻ㆹ⎗傥怬㗗䴎ᶵ↢ᶨᾳ㺪Ṗ䘬婒㱽炻Ữㆹ゛ㆹ⎗ẍ娎叿⚆䫼忁ᾳ ⓷柴ˤ ᶵ䞍㗗⽆Ṩ湤㗪῁攳⥳炻ㆹᶨ䚜奢⼿䓇㳣ᷕ㇨怕忯䘬恋ṃ⿏⇍⓷柴炻斄㕤 䓟Ṣ⤛Ṣˣ幓橼⼊尉ˣ⿏ˣ奒⭮斄Ὢˣ⇣㜧⌘尉䫱炻⁷㗗ᶨṃ⮷⮷䘬㢀⇢ㇶ⛐ ⽫墉烉⌛ἧᶵ嗽䎮ḇ忶⼿ᶳ⍣炻Ữ㗗⬫Ᾱ䷥㗗⌉⛐⽫⸽炻㶙㶙䘬㎼⇖叿Ἀ炻䷥ 㚱ᶨ⣑⽭枰㈲Ṿ⍾↢Ἦˤ㇨ẍ炻ㆹ゛天⮓ᶨ㛔婾㔯炻ᶵ㗗䁢Ḯ䔊㤕㊧⇘⬠ ỵ炻侴㗗⎗ẍᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬橼䎦ㆹ䘬斄㆟烉⽆ᶨ䧖⨺ṳ㴰屣䘬䎦尉↯ℍ炻⍣䳘䶣 䘬妶婾斄㕤ㆹᾹ忁ᾳᶾẋˣㆹᾹ䘬䓇㳣ᶾ䓴䔞ᷕ㇨⬀⛐䘬⿏⇍䳸㥳ˤ ⮵ㆹἮ婒炻⬴ㆸ忁㛔婾㔯炻㗗䴎冒⶙䘬ᶨᾳṌẋˤ⬫嬻ㆹ⛐㩊夾ṾṢ䓇␥ 䴻槿䘬⎴㗪炻⼿ẍ⍵幓䘬朊⮵冒⶙䘬ῷ夳冯Ὗ旸炻怬㚱⤛⿏ᷣ佑ᷳ㕤ㆹ䘬シ 佑ˤ㚱ᶨ⹎炻ㆹ㚦奢⼿⤛⿏ᷣ佑♜⍚䘬㈡⇌夾溆⤥䄑Ṣ炻⬫嬻ㆹ嬲⼿⤥♱▎ˣ ⤥㰺⸥満デ炻䚳Ṩ湤悥ᶵ枮䛤烊㚱㗪῁炻⌣⍰奢⼿⤥デ嫅⬫䘬⬀⛐炻嬻恋ṃ⡻ ㈹䘬ˣ⥼⯰䘬䴻槿冯デ⍿炻䳪䨞⼿ẍ塓㶙㶙䘬䎮妋ˤ㚨䳪炻ㆹᶵ㚫婒忁㛔婾㔯 䛇䘬⮓䘬⣂⤥ˣ⣂㚱䨩䟜炻Ữㆹ䛇䘬䚉Ḯㆹ㚨⣏䘬≒≃炻ⶴ㛃㰺㚱彄屈冒⶙䘬 ⇅堟ˤ 忁㛔婾㔯⼿ẍ⬴ㆸ炻天デ嫅⤥⣂Ṣ䘬⋼≑ˤ椾⃰炻ㆹ゛天嫅嫅ㆹ㇨㚱䘬⍿ 姒侭炻嫅嫅ἈᾹㄟㄐ䘬␴ㆹ↮ṓ恋ṃ⮞屜侴䌐䈡䘬䓇␥䴻槿炻ᶵ䭉㗗╄〭䘬ˣ 攳⮷剙䘬ˣ厴溆䅫䅺䘬䝔攻炻ㆾ侭恋ṃ㶙㰱ˣㅌ⾺䘬ˣᶵ塓䎮妋䘬㗪⇣炻⤪㝄 㰺㚱ἈᾹ䘬徘婒炻忁㛔婾㔯ᶵ⎗傥ㆸ⼊ˤ ⛐婾㔯⮓ἄᶲ炻ㆹ天嫅嫅ㆹ䘬㊯⮶侩ⷓ␴ℑỵ⎋⥼ˤ嫅嫅 Teri 侩ⷓᶵṳシ ㆹ䘬Ⓒ䨩℺㗏炻栀シ㓞⭡ㆹ忁ᾳ⋲嶗℺↢Ἦ䘬湣䄑炻⛐䷩⾁䘬⬠埻䞼䨞ⶍἄᷳ ii 检ṵ屣⽫教嬨ㆹ䘬䧧ẞ炻冯ㆹ忚埴妶婾ˤ嫅嫅侩ⷓ䷥㗗⮲慵ㆹ䘬゛㱽炻᷎⛐䴎 Ḱㆹ怑↯䘬偗⭂ᷳ检炻溆↢ㆹ⛐⮓ἄᶲ䘬䚚溆冯䞃䚦炻嬻ㆹ⎗ẍ慵㕘⮑夾冒⶙ 䘬㛒䚉ᷳ嗽ˤ 嫅嫅䌳ἑ徒侩ⷓ炻⤪㝄ᶵ㗗ἑ徒侩ⷓ䘬溻⊝炻忁ᾳ柴䚖⣏㤪⯙㗗ㆹ㝸⣑⋰ 䜉㗪䘬⤬゛炻ᶵ⎗傥Ẁ媠㔯⫿炷晾䃞㚱㗪῁炻ㆹ䛇䘬⼰ⶴ㛃⬫⯙㗗ᾳ⤬゛侴 ⶚Ƀ炸ˤ嫅嫅侩ⷓ⛐忁ℑ⸜ᷳ攻溻⊝ㆹ䘤堐冒⶙䘬䞼䨞炻᷎⽆⚰ℏṢ䘬奺⹎䴎 冯ㆹ姙⣂㶙⇣䘬⺢嬘ˤ嫅嫅侩ⷓ䷥㗗䓐ẍ幓ἄ⇯䘬㕡⺷炻嬻ㆹ䎮妋炻⮲慵␴冒 ⶙╄⤥ᶵ⎴䘬ṾṢ㚱⣂湤慵天ˤ 嫅嫅㜿渿暚侩ⷓ炻⌛ἧ䞼䨞柀➇㚱溆ᶵ⎴炻ṵ䃞栀シ㑼ảㆹ䘬⎋⥼ˤ嫅嫅 侩ⷓ⛐ℑ㫉⎋娎ᷕ㹓␴⌣⍰ᷕ偗䘬㍸↢䔹⓷冯⺢嬘ˤ渿暚侩ⷓ⣏㤪㗗ㆹ䚳忶㚨 㚫溻⊝⬠䓇䘬侩ⷓḮˤ嫅嫅侩ⷓ䷥㗗㈲⬠䓇䔞ㆸ䌐䩳侴⸛䫱䘬ᾳ橼䚳⼭炻侸⽫ 䘬⁦倥ˣ䎮妋⬠䓇ˤ 㬌⢾炻忁ấ婾㔯䘬悐↮䪈䭨⇅䧧㚦⃰⼴䘤堐㕤䌳ἑ徒侩ⷓˣ⎠溃哲侩ⷓ䘬 婚➪⟙⏲ẍ⍲ℑ㫉䞼妶㚫ᶲ炻嫅嫅㇨㚱㚦䴎ㆹシ夳ˣ⺽啎ㆹ⍿姒侭䘬⎴⬠ẍ⍲ 姽婾Ṣˤ ㆹ℞⮎㗗ᾳ㺧⬌₣䘬Ṣ炻⮓婾㔯㛇攻㚜㗗ˤỮ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻ṵ㚱ṃ㚳⍳䴎Ḱ 䘬ねデ㓗㊩⮵ㆹ㚱卓⣏䘬シ佑ˤ嫅嫅旧ⶫ⽆⣏⬠ẍἮ⯙ᶨ䚜塓ㆹ䲦丷炻⽆䞼䨞 ㇨侫娎⇘㈦婾㔯䘬⍿姒侭悥㍸ὃㆹ⤥⣂⋼≑ˤ嫅嫅䏔㘜ˣἑ剠炻㭷㫉嶇ἈᾹ䚠 䲬⎫梗⼴悥㚫⼿⇘㺧㺧䘬㬋朊傥慷ˤ嫅嫅ⶏ㢈ˣ⮷⬱冯ㆹℙṓ䞼䨞䓇䓇㳣墉䘬 䓀劎ˣ䔞ㆹ䘬⎋娎⮷⣑ἧˤ嫅嫅⭞䏳冯ㆹ↮ṓṢ䓇㈱㑯䘬⽔⽐ˣ⥍⋼冯➭㊩ˤ 嫅嫅Ἓ䅽晾䃞冯ㆹ幓嗽ᶵ⎴䘬柀➇炻⌣⥳䳪ᶵ⼙枧ㆹᾹ䘬⍳婤␴斄⽫⼤㬌䘬䓇 㳣ˤ嫅嫅䩳⬱炻Ἀ⣏㤪㗗㚨ㅪㆹ䞼䨞ᷣ柴䘬Ṣ炻⤥╄㬉恋ṃ嶇Ἀ婯婾⎬䧖⬭⬭ 娙柴䘬㗪⇣ˤ嫅嫅⢾㔯䲣䘬⎴⬠⍳ṢᾹ炻␴ἈᾹ䚠嗽䘬㗪⃱䷥㗗ẌṢ奢⼿䅇〱 ⍰⬱⽫ˤ 嫅嫅ㆹ䘬⭞Ṣ炻⃀䭉ᶵ⣒Ḯ妋ㆹ⛐ Ṩ湤炻ṵ䃉㡅ẞ䘬㍸ὃㆹ䴻㾇ˣ䓇㳣 ẍ⍲⽫䎮ᶲ䘬㓗㊩炻嬻ㆹ傥⣈⮰⽫㕤婾㔯䘬⮓ἄˤ ⮓忁㛔婾㔯䘬忶䦳炻㚱Ỷ㼖䘬㗪⇣炻ḇ㚱ᶨṃ攳⽫䘬㗪⇣ˤ㚱㗪῁炻ㆹ㚫 奢⼿䬿Ḯ⏏炻䭉Ṿ⾶湤㧋⎒天傥䔊㤕⯙⤥烊Ữḇ㚱㗪῁炻ㆹ㚫㉾叿䕚ㄲ䘬幓橼 幢⛐⸲ᶲ炻⽫嶛䘬⤥⾓炻儎⫸墉⤥⁷㚱⤥⣂゛㱽炻⁔Ὣ叿ㆹ崽⾓㈲⬫⮓↢Ἦˤ 嬻ㆹ奢⼿冒⶙ᶨ⭂⎗ẍ㈦⇘ᶨᾳ㚨斄挝ˣ㚨䨑⥍䘬䫼㟰Ἦ⚆䫼⃰⇵⌉ỷ䘬⓷ 柴ˤ⮵㬌炻ㆹ゛天嫅嫅ᶲ戻ˤ嫅嫅Ἀ ㆹ㇨㚱䧧⫸䘬䫔ᶨỵ嬨侭ˤ忁㛔婾㔯墉 劍㚱ảỽ嶷⮎䘬婾溆炻悥Ἦ冒恋ṃ␴Ἀ妶婾冯䇕彗䘬㖍⫸ˤ嫅嫅Ἀ䓐Ἀ恋寸⍂ 䘬䞍嬀䧵䳗炻溻⊝ㆹˣ㓗㊩ㆹˣ㈡姽ㆹ炻昒Ờㆹ崘忶⮓ἄ忶䦳墉㇨㚱则暋ㆾ㫋 ╄䘬㗪⃱ˤ iii 㐀天 役⸜Ἦ炻ẍ⤛⿏䁢䚖㧁㴰屣侭䘬≽㻓㔯⊾⛐⎘䀋ⶪ⟜咔≫䘤⯽炻ᶵ⓮㨇 ⺽崟⨺橼䘬㲐シ炻℞檀⹎⿏⇍⊾䘬䈡岒ḇㆸ䁢⬠䓴䞼䨞斄㲐䘬ᷣ柴ᷳᶨˤ㛔䞼 䨞䘬侫⮇⮵尉焏ḁ⤛忲㇚焐炻⌛㗗忁㲊⤛⿏⎹≽㻓㔯⊾䘬ᶨ䑘ˤ焏ḁ⤛焐ᶨ娆炻⛐ 㖍㔯ᷕシ㊯⮹⤛烊侴㇨媪焏ḁ⤛忲㇚焐⇯㗗㊯⽆⤛⿏奨溆↢䘤炻ẍ⣂慵㔀ḳ䘬㝞 㥳㍷⮓䔘⿏ㆨッね㓭ḳ䘬ㆨッ㧉㒔忲㇚ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘬ᷣ天䘤⓷⎗↮䁢ᶱᾳ朊⎹炻⊭㊔烉椾⃰炻⽆忲㇚㔯㛔朊Ἦ䚳炻ḁ ⤛忲㇚䘬㔯㛔⤪ỽℵ䎦⿏⇍奺刚冯奒⭮斄Ὢ烎℞ᷕ晙⏓ỽ䧖⿏⇍シ嬀✳ン烎℞ 㫉炻⎘䀋䘬ḁ⤛忲㇚䍑⭞⤪ỽ䚳⼭忲㇚㔯㛔䔞ᷕ䘬⿏⇍Ḻ≽烎⛐忲㇚㗪炻ṾᾹ 㛇⼭ˣ㌺㕍䚳⇘Ṩ湤㧋䘬∯ね烎㚨⼴炻⽆䍑⭞㇨嗽䘬䣦㚫傰䴉Ἦ䚳炻䍑⭞Ᾱ℟ 㚱⒒ṃℙ⎴䘬䣦㚫䈡岒烎⒒ṃ⚈䳈⼊⟹䍑⭞䘬⿏⇍シ嬀烎侴⮯䍑ḁ⤛忲㇚忁ẞ ḳ㓦⚆䍑⭞㇨嗽䘬䓇㳣ね⠫ᶳἮ䚳炻忲㇚ᷳ㕤䍑⭞䘬シ佑ˣ⿏⇍シ㵝䁢ỽ烎 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⯙㔯㛔侴妨炻ḁ⤛忲㇚䘬⿏⇍シ嬀✳ン㗗㚱䔘岒⿏䘬ˤ昌Ḯ ᶵ⎴忲㇚䘬⿏⇍㓧㱣堐䎦㚱忚㬍ㆾᾅ⬰ᷳ⇍⢾炻⎴ᶨ㫦忲㇚ᷕ炻ᶵ⎴∯ね嶗䶂 䘬⿏⇍Ḻ≽㍷⮓Ṏ⎗傥㚱栗叿䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌⢾炻⛐⿏㍷⮓悐↮炻䚠庫㕤ᶨ凔ẍ䓟 ⿏䁢䚖㧁㴰屣侭䘬⿏㔯㛔炻ḁ⤛忲㇚䔞ᷕ䘬⿏⟜㘗晾ḇ⎴㗪⊭⏓ẍねデḺよ䁢 ➢䢶␴㴱⍲㙜≃ˣ朆⎰シ⿏埴䁢䫱栆✳炻℞ℙ⎴䈡溆⛐㕤⽆⤛⿏奨溆↢䘤炻䳘 䶣䘬㍷⮓⤛⿏䘬ᷣ橼デ⍿᷎⛐䔓朊ᶲ↠栗䓟⿏塓ↅ夾䘬幓橼炻㍸ὃ⤛⿏庫⍳┬ 䘬⿏⸣゛㛸㕁ˤ℞㫉炻㩊夾䍑⭞⮵ḁ⤛忲㇚㔯㛔䘬㛇⼭冯㈡⇌炻⇯⎗䚳↢⎘䀋 䣦㚫役⸜Ἦ⿏⇍㔯⊾䘬嬲怟炻⊭㊔⛐屯㛔ᷣ佑冯⤛⿏ᷣ佑䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻䌐䩳ˣ㚱 傥≃ᶼᶵὅ月䓟⿏䘬⤛⿏ㆸ䁢䍑⭞⽫ᷕ䎮゛䘬⤛ᷣ奺姕⭂烊侴冒 90 ⸜ẋẍ Ἦ炻ᷣ㳩春∃㯋岒ℏ㵝廱嬲⇯妋慳Ḯ䍑⭞Ᾱ⮵忲㇚ᷕ䓟⿏奺刚䘬ῷ⤥烉ᶨ㕡 朊炻䍑⭞Ᾱ㛇⼭⛐忲㇚ᷕ䚳夳䓟⿏奺刚⯽䎦↢㚱⇍㕤䎦⮎䓟⿏䘬䳘兑ˣ㹓㝼炻 Ữ⎎ᶨ㕡朊ṾᾹṵ㛇⼭忲㇚墉䘬䓟⿏奺刚℟㚱曠㪲春∃㯋岒㇨㟠⎗䘬䓟⫸㯋 㤪炻ἳ⤪屈屔⎗月ˣ㚱傥≃⬰嬟⤛⿏炻ᶵ⣒忶⤛⿏⊾䫱ˤ 忚ᶨ㬍Ἦ䚳炻䍑⭞Ᾱ⮵忲㇚㔯㛔䘬娖慳䫾䔍ᶵ⍵㗈ṾᾹ㇨嗽䘬䣦㚫傰 䴉炻ḇ⍵㗈Ḯ䓇␥䴻槿ˣ慵天ṾṢ䘬⿏⇍婾徘␴㔯⊾屯㛔䫱ᶵ⎴嬲⚈⤪ỽἄ䓐 ⛐ᾳṢ幓ᶲ炻ὫἧṾᾹ⮵ᶵ⎴䘬⿏⇍嬘柴㍉⍾䈡⭂䘬䩳⟜ˤἳ⤪⮵ḁ⤛忲㇚ᷕ ⿏⟜㘗䘬㍍⍿⹎ˣ⮵ᶵ⎴⿏⇍シ㵝奒⭮斄Ὢ儛㛔䘬ῷ⤥ˤ㚨⼴炻ㆹḇ⛐㛔䞼䨞 ᷕ㊯↢炻昌Ḯ㴰屣焏㓧㱣㬋䡢焐䘬ッね㔯㛔⢾炻䍑ḁ⤛忲㇚ᷳ㕤䍑⭞䘬シ佑㚱 Ḵ炻ᶨ㗗ἄ䁢㜙㴑䲨炷2001炸㇨婒䘬屯㕁⹓㴰屣炻⎎ᶨ⇯㗗㴰屣ね䵺⊆≽炻䌚 ⼿⍿旸㕤䎦⮎䓇㳣ᷕ䘬⿏⇍䑘⠫侴䃉㱽䌚⼿䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ 斄挝⫿烉ḁ⤛忲㇚ˣ⿏⇍⊾⨺ṳ㴰屣ˣ教倥Ṣ娖慳䫾䔍ˣ屯㕁⹓㴰屣ˣね䵺⊆ ≽ iv Abstract Recently, Japanese ACG(Anime, Comic and Game )products aimed at women consumers have gained significant popularity in Taiwan. Otome game is also one of them. Otome game炷ḁ⤛ͪΰΘ炸, also called “Women’s Games”, refers to a specific game category aimed at women consumers. This study intends to offer an in- depth analysis of Otome gamers in Taiwan, discussing the meaning of playing Otome game in a gendered context. The whole study could be divided into three major parts: the gender politics of Otome games, the interpretation of gamers and the interrelation of gamers’ real-world experience and their gaming experience. In this sudy, I choose four Otome games to conduct text analysis. On the other side, I also interviewed 16 Otome gamers to realize their gaming experience. The study finds that the gender politics of game texts are variant. Otome games sometimes portrays relatively progressive gender relationship and challenge gender stereotype. However, conservative gender ideology could also be found in this genre at times. Gamers’ preference or criticism of story and characters in Otome games implies their gender ideological position, which is mostly shaped by the social context they situated in. Besides, gamers’ life experience, advice offered by their significant others, and cultural capital also significantly influence their interpretation and expectation of Otome game text. The study also finds that although gamers could recognize the gender politic problem in game text, finding “politically correct” content is not their major motivation for playing Otome games. As for gamers, playing Otome game is kind of “Database Comsumption” described by Azuma Hiroki (2001), in which gamers consume the affective elements they desire. At the same time, Otome games also fulfill female gamers’ demand for emotion work, which they fail to ask from men in real life. Keywords: Otome games, gendered media consumption, interpretative strategy, database consumption, emotion labour v 䚖抬 ⎋娎⥼⒉㚫⮑⭂㚠........................................................................................................i 嫅录...............................................................................................................................ii ᷕ㔯㐀天......................................................................................................................iv Abstract .........................................................................................................................v 䫔ᶨ䪈ˣ⮶婾...............................................................................................................1 䫔ᶨ䭨ˣ䞼䨞䶋崟 ....................................................................................................1 䫔Ḵ䭨ˣ㔯䌣⚆栏 ....................................................................................................6 䫔ᶱ䭨ˣ䞼䨞⓷柴 ..................................................................................................27 䫔⚃䭨ˣ䞼䨞㕡㱽 ..................................................................................................28 䫔Ḵ䪈ˣḁ⤛忲㇚ᷕ䘬⿏⇍⼊尉冯奒⭮斄Ὢℵ䎦.................................................35 䫔ᶨ䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚㔀ḳ⼊⺷ ..................................................................................36 䫔Ḵ䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚㔀ḳ䘬⿏⇍シ㵝 ......................................................................42 䫔ᶱ䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚㨇⇞冯䨢䘥✳奺刚姕妰烉˪慹刚䏜⻎ 2f˫㔯㛔↮㜸 ............54 䫔⚃䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚墉䘬⿏⟜㘗烉˪戨ᷳⅈ炻䡏ᷳ㶂˫㔯㛔↮㜸 ........................60 䫔Ḽ䭨ˣ⮷䳸 ..........................................................................................................74 䫔ᶱ䪈ˣḁ⤛忲㇚䍑⭞䘬㔯㛔娖慳䫾䔍冯℞⿏⇍シ㵝.........................................75 䫔ᶨ䭨ˣ䍑⭞娵⎴䉨ン冯奨䚳ỵ伖 ......................................................................75 䫔Ḵ䭨ˣ焏ㆹ゛䔞㚱䓐䘬⤛ᷣ奺焐烉ḁ⤛忲㇚䍑⭞䘬⤛⿏㯋岒゛⁷ ..................82 䫔ᶱ䭨ˣ墯㔠䘬春∃㯋岒烉ḁ⤛忲㇚䍑⭞䘬春∃㯋岒ῷ⤥冯䇞㪲⋼⓮ ..........88 䫔⚃䭨ˣ䲼ッ冯櫤䔄烉ḁ⤛忲㇚墉䘬⿏嬘柴 ......................................................98 䫔Ḽ䭨ˣ⮷䳸 ........................................................................................................108 䫔⚃䪈ˣ⛐嘃㥳冯䎦⮎ᷳ攻烉ḁ⤛忲㇚㴰屣冯䍑⭞䓇㳣ᶾ䓴䘬Ḻ≽...............110 䫔ᶨ䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚䍑⭞䘬⿏⇍Ḻ≽儛㛔㴰屣 .................................................... 110 䫔Ḵ䭨ˣ䍑⭞冯℞㇨嗽䘬䎦⮎ᶾ䓴烉⿏⇍䑘⠫ˣ䓇␥⎚冯⿏⇍シ嬀梲ㆸ .... 116 䫔ᶱ䭨ˣḁ⤛忲㇚䘬㴰屣シ㵝 ............................................................................128 䫔⚃䭨ˣ⮷䳸 ........................................................................................................135 䫔Ḽ䪈ˣ䳸婾...........................................................................................................137 䫔ᶨ䭨ˣ䞼䨞䘤䎦冯妶婾 ....................................................................................137 䫔Ḵ䭨ˣ䞼䨞旸⇞冯㛒Ἦ䞼䨞⺢嬘 ....................................................................142 ⍫侫屯㕁...................................................................................................................144 ᷕ㔯㔯䌣 ................................................................................................................144 㖍㔯㔯䌣 ................................................................................................................146 劙㔯㔯䌣 ................................................................................................................147 旬抬ᶨ烉⎘䀋ẋ䎮⤛⿏⎹忲㇚⸜堐.......................................................................153 vi ⚾䚖抬 ⚾ᶨ烉ḁ⤛忲㇚㔀ḳ㝞㥳 ........................................................................................1 ⚾Ḵ烉ḁ⤛忲㇚䔓朊冯⮹⤛㻓䔓㭼庫䣢シ⚾ ......................................................17 ⚾ᶱ烉㜙㴑䲨屯㕁⹓㴰屣䎮婾婒㖶⚾ ..................................................................20 ⚾⚃烉ADV 忲㇚忚埴䔓朊䭬ἳᶨ.........................................................................22 ⚾Ḽ烉ADV 忲㇚忚埴䔓朊䭬ἳḴ.........................................................................23 ⚾ℕ烉SLG 忲㇚忚埴䔓朊䭬ἳ..............................................................................23 ⚾ᶫ烉⨺ṳ㍍㓞侭䘬娵⎴⼊ㆸ ..............................................................................27 ⚾ℓ烉䞼䨞㝞㥳⚾ ..................................................................................................28 ⚾ḅˣ䈑⑩↿堐䭬ἳ ..............................................................................................29 ⚾⋩ˣ忲㇚ṳ朊䭬ἳ ..............................................................................................29
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