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Arbetarhistoria Nr 138-139

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Arbetarhistoria Nr 138-139 AR BETARHIST ORI A 20 11: 2–3 [138 –139] A HARD DAY’S FIGHT: STREJKER OCH SOCIALA KONFLIKTER ARBETARHISTORIA 20 11 :2–3 [1 38 –139] LEDARE 54 ulf jönson : Arbetarrörelsens minne – minnet 03 göran salmonsson : Har kunskap om histo - av arbetarrörelsen. Anteckningar från den 46 :e rien någon betydelse i det fackliga arbetet? konferensen i Linz A HARD DAY’S FIGHT: STREJKER OCH SOCIALA NYHETER FRÅN ARAB KONFLIKTER 59 lâle svensson: Nordiskt samarbete, agitation 06 stefan nyzell : Det kollektiva våldets gränser. och en gammal skandal. Nytt arkivmaterial på Möllevångskravallerna i Malmö 1926 ARAB 2010 12 lars ekdahl : Makten och människovärdet. 64 hans larsson : Filosofer och maoister och en Gruvstrejken 1969 som samhällskritik del annat. Om 2010 års nyförvärv till biblioteket 18 eva schmitz : »Kan de strejka i Norge kan väl vi också.» ASAB-städerskornas strejker under RECENSIONER 1974 och 1975 69 klaus misgeld : Välkommen – men ändå 27 verity burgmann : Med betongen som argu - inte – Zeki Yalcin, Facklig gränspolitik: Lands- ment. De australiensiska byggnadsarbetarna organisationens invandrings- och invandrarpolitik samhällsengagerade verksamhet 1946 –2009 33 anders kjellberg : Storkonflikten 1980 och 72 ulf jönson : Nordiska barndomar – en bokan - andra stora arbetskonflikter i Sverige mälan – Astri Andresen (m.fl.), Barnen och väl - 41 tommy öberg : Storkonflikten i historiens färdspolitiken: Nordiska barndomar 1900 –2000 backspegel 45 linda briskin : Att kartlägga sjuksköterskor - DOKUMENTET nas militans. Politiseringen av vården, det 72 lars gogman : En människojakt förbereds offentliga stödet och strejkerna i Sverige AR BETARHIST ORI A 20 11: 2–3 [138 –139] 18 A HARD DAY’S FIGHT: STREJKER OCH SOCIALA KONFLIKTER Några ledamöter från LO:s Landssekretariat 1980. Gunnar Nilsson, Rune Molin, Stig Malm, Bert Lundin och Sigvard Marja- sin. Foto: A-bild. 12 45 INLEDNING Har kunskap om historien någon betydelse i det fackliga arbetet? den 14 april 2011 medverkade jag i ett seminarium som rörelsens historia har varit frågan: Och hur går vi vidare? anordnades för att hedra Kjersti Bosdotters mångåriga arbete Det är i dessa lägen det är viktigt att ha en klar bild av den för att göra kultur och historia till en del av arbetarrörelsens historiska partsavsikten. Vilken problemanalys och vilka mål kamp, och frågan som jag hade fått var rakt på sak: Har kun - ledde oss till den lösning, som för ögonblicket utgör den skap om historien någon betydelse i det fackliga arbetet? rådande ordningen? Endast på en sådan grund kan man På ett praktiskt plan är svaret självklart ja. I det fackliga var - bedöma om man behöver revidera sin problemanalys, eller om dagsarbetet räcker det många gånger man behöver justera sina målsättningar, inte att veta att det finns en regel eller eller om dessa båda i grunden står en bestämmelse, man behöver också orubbade, men det behövs nya tekniska veta varför den finns. Tillämpningen av lösningar för att nå målen. kollektivavtal och andra överenskom - Med andra ord, kunskapen om histo - melser förutsätter att man minns varför rien gör det möjligt att arbeta utifrån sin bestämmelserna tillkom. Vilket pro - egen analys och sina egna mål. Utan blem ville vi komma till rätta med? Vad denna förankring finns det en fara att ville vi uppnå? Kort och gott, vilken var man får diskutera aktuella frågor på partsavsikten? någon annans premisser. Och det är lätt Måhända är detta lite i uppenbaraste att glida in i en sådan situation utan att laget, och det var nog inte riktigt detta, man märkte hur eller när det skedde. Det som seminariearrangörerna tänkte på, praktiska livets debatter handlar föga för - när de ställde sin fråga. Men jag tror att vånande om praktiska lösningar, men samma princip är giltig även i ett vidare varje lösning bygger på en uppfattning perspektiv. Oavsett om det handlar om om vad som är problemet. I det ständiga uttolkningen av en protokollsanteck - flödet av förslag att bedöma och bemöta ning eller uppbyggnaden av en för - kan det ske en mer eller mindre osynlig handlingsordning, måste man komma omvandling av underliggande analyser ihåg vilka problem man ville lösa och och synsätt. I små steg sker en avdrift vad man ville uppnå när anteckningen från den egna kursen in på vägar som eller ordningen tillkom. I det vardag - Numera godtas inte tanken på ofrånkomlig inte är fackföreningsrörelsens egna. Jag liga fackliga arbetet är det en ganska farlighet i arbetsmiljön. Affisch utgiven av LO, skall försöka illustrera dessa något TCO, Arbetsgivarna och staten, Lantarbetarens given sak att hålla reda på avsikten abstrakta tankar med tre exempel. arkiv. bakom olika förhandlingslösningar. När det gäller de mer övergripande frågorna är det däremot A-kassan lätt hänt att de ursprungliga avsikterna försvinner ur blick - Det första exemplet handlar om a-kassan, där hela problem - fånget när dagsaktuella problem avhandlas. formuleringen verkar ha förskjutits. Det andra handlar om Det ligger en fara i detta. Fackföreningsrörelsen riskerar lön, där idén om vad en lön är verkar vara i förändring. Det hamna i situationer, där inte längre dess egna problemformu - tredje handlar om arbetsmiljö, där blicken mot historien skär - leringar styr debatterna om centrala fackliga frågor. Därför per blicken för vad vi lämnat, förhoppningsvis för gott. tror jag att det är viktigt att låta historien vara en levande del Idag tycks alla veta att a-kassan är en »omställningsförsäk - av de fackliga organisationernas arbete. Inte för att hålla fast ring». Det är premissen för det mesta av debatten. Men vad vid gamla lösningar, utan för att kunna möta framtidens utma - var idén när fackföreningarna började bilda arbetslöshetskas - ningar på sina egna villkor. sor (eller reshjälps- och arbetslöshetskassor)? Självfallet fanns Precis som alla andra verkar fackföreningsrörelsen i ett för - en brutal kännedom om vilken belägenhet man kunde försät - änderligt samhälle. Så har det alltid varit. Mycket har vunnits tas i om man blev utan arbete och försörjning, liksom en idé och det finns mycket att slå vakt om. Men det räcker inte att om hur man genom inbördes hjälp och solidaritet kunde bevaka och förvalta det som uppnåtts, och det har man heller underlätta tillvaron för varandra och därmed för sig själv. inte gjort. En nästan ständig följeslagare genom fackförenings - Men detta var inte allt. Fackföreningarna visste också att Arbetarhistoria 2011:2 –3 •3 Nådehjon eller ordnad arbetslöshetsförsäk- Ingen skall behöva ta anställning på sämre villkor än vad den fackliga organisatio- ring? Socialdemokratisk valaffisch 1924 nen godkänner. Bild från Arbetsförmedling under 1930-talet. Foto: TH Modin, Norrskensflammans arkiv. löner och arbetsvillkor påverkades av hur hård konkurrensen genom individuell lönesättning. Man kan anlägga många syn - om arbetsplatserna var. Utblottade arbetslösa kamrater satte punkter på för- och nackdelar med olika system för lönebild - en press på arbetsvillkoren för alla. Stödet till de arbetslösa var ning, men jag tror att vi med denna senaste trend också anar därför ett stöd för alla. En del yrken tog ytterligare ett steg. en förskjutning i uppfattningen av vad en lön är. Fackför - Med reshjälps- och arbetslöshetskassan i ryggen behövde eningar bildades för att arbetarna kollektivt skulle förhandla ingen ta anställning till sämre villkor än vad den fackliga orga - om bland annat priset för den arbetskraft de sålde. Genom att nisationen satt som minimum. Kassorna var alltså en del av agera kollektivt kunde man väga upp det underläge i makt, den fackliga kampen och en av dess poänger var att medlem - som en enskild anställd hade gentemot ett bolag. I många fall marna inte skulle vara tvungna att ta arbete på villkor, som mötte man egentligen ett kollektiv av ägare, representerat av satte press på nivån för alla. företrädare för bolaget, men det är ytterst sällan situationen Med »omställningsförsäkringen» har det blivit närmast beskrivs på ett sådant sätt. tvärtom. Experter uttalar sig om problemet att försäkringen Formerna för lönebildningen har genomgått många för - förlänger tiden i arbetslöshet. Ingen vill att någon skall behöva ändringar, men höll sig länge inom ramen för ett system, där gå arbetslös, så en problembeskrivning som tar sikte på att två parter gjorde upp om ett pris. Med den individuella löne - korta ner tiden i arbetslöshet låter självfallet inte så tokig. Men sättningen har det kommit in ett annat element. Lönen är inte lösningarna består i att skapa ett tryck på den enskilde att ta längre primärt ett resultat av en förhandling, utan av en för - arbete. Senare års förändringar av finansieringen av arbets - delning gjord efter arbetsgivarens bedömning av hur man löshetsförsäkring har haft det uttalade syftet att hög arbets - uppfyllt lönekriterier. Har man varit duktig får man mer i lön. löshet skall sätta press på lönebildningen. Vi är mycket långt De flesta är förmodligen benägna att hålla med om, att den från avsikterna hos dem som ursprungligen skapade kassorna. som är duktig och gör ett bra jobb skall ha bra betalt. Uttryckt Har samhällsekonomin förändrats på ett sådant sätt, att syftet på så sätt väcker systemet sällan invändningar. Men detta döl - med a-kassorna bör förändras i denna riktning? Är det resul - jer den stora underliggande förskjutningen. Det blir en om- tat av ny analys och en ny avsikt inom de medlemsföreningar, svängning i perspektivet, i synen på vad lönen är och ytterst – som a-kassorna alltjämt är? Om inte, hur hamnade vi i denna naturligtvis – i maktrelationer. Lönen är inte längre resultatet
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