Relations Between the Us and the Rhodesian Federation, 1953-1963
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Nuzn 1 9 9 5
babwe ws babwe ws Official Organ Department of Information and Publicity, 14Austin Road, Workington, Harare Volume 26, No. 6 1995, Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper of ZANU PF --T7 $11.0(incl. sales tax) Thei Ndajjr HE PAR I~iiiEXC killing a crime? twist to assassination WEST USING IMF TO DE-INDUSTRIALISE AFRICA Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF Contents' E ditorial: .................................................................................................................................... ........ 2 L etters: .................................................................................................................................... ......L 3 National News; ZANU PF urged to draw up election guidelines ..............................4 Day of Unity proposed ............... ................................. 6 Party leaders causing internal conflicts ........................................................................... 8 The incorrigible Ndabaningi Sithole ................................................................................ 10 Wildlife conservation boosts communities ...................................................................... 12 Zimbabwean women on the march - after Beijing .............................................................. 13 Community manages fishing resources ........................................................................ 14 Marriage laws may bring constitutional changes ................................................... 15 Fighting drought and feeding millions .................................................................. -
1 the African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, C.1950-53
‘It has united us far more closely than any other question would have accomplished’.1 The African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, c.1950-53 The documentary record of African opposition to the C[entral] A[frican] F[ederation] has been the subject renewed historiographical interest in recent years.2 This paper seeks to contribute to the existing debate in three principle ways. Firstly, it will be shown that opposition to the scheme was fatally undermined by the pursuit of two very distinct strands of N[yasaland] A[frican] C[ongress] and A[frican] N[ational] C[ongress] political activism. This dissimilar political discourse produced contradictions that resulted in the bypassing African objections. In the third instance, the paper will go a step further, suggesting that the two respective anti-Federation campaigns not only undermined Congress efforts to stop federation, but laid the path for future discord in the national dispensation then materialising. In 1988, John Darwin wrote that ‘with its telescope clapped firmly to its ear, London declared that [African] opposition [to Federation] could be neither seen nor heard’.3 The well-worn historiographical path points to the fact that African opposition was effectively ignored on the basis that ‘partnership’ between white settlers and black Africans in Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland offered a strong rationale for the CAF. The requisite benefits arising would see the promotion of African economic opportunities, the placation of settler politicians seeking to reduce the influence of the Colonial Office and the preservation of British influence in the region.4 The utility of ‘partnership’ was in its ambiguity. -
General Assembly Resolution Were Reserved for the Europeans Alone
United Nations FOURTH COMMITTEE, 1363rd GENERAL MEETING ASSEMBLY Friday, 26 October 1962, at 3,45 p.m. SEVENTEENTH SESSION 0 f/icial Records • NEW YORK CONTENTS failed to appreciate the seriousness of the crisis Page threatening Southern Rhodesia. Agenda item 56: 3. During the forty years which had elapsed since Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the the first Constitution had been granted to the settlers Special Committee established under Gen in 1923, the Government of Southern Rhodesia had eral Assembly resolution 1654 (XVI) (con done practically nothing to prepare the people for tinued) self-government. Now a new Constitution was about to General debate (continued). • . 221 be introduced in order to perpetuate white domination for centuries to come. The people of Southern Rho Chairman: Mr. Guillermo FLORES AVENDANO desia had shown great tolerance during the longyears of white minority rule, but no self-respecting people (Guatemala). would be content with fifteen seats in the legislatl}re to represent 3 million as against fifty seats for the 250,000 white settlers. Over the years the white In the absence of the Chairman, Mr. Nabavi (Iran), settler Parliament in Southern Rhodesia had enacted Vice-Chairman, took the Chair. many repressive laws which had turned the country into a police State in the heart of the peaceful African continent. The Africans in Southern Rhodesia were AGENDA ITEM 56 subjected to economic exploitation; their wages were Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the Special Com kept below subsistence level and certain positions mittee established under General Assembly resolution were reserved for the Europeans alone. -
Central African Examiner, 1957-19651
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Zambezia (1996), XXIII (ii). THE CENTRAL AFRICAN EXAMINER, 1957-19651 ANTHONY KING2 St Antony's College, Oxford, UK Abstract The Central African Examiner is a well known source for the study of Zimbabwean history in the seminal period 1957-1965, although the story of its foundation and the backroom manoeuvrings which dogged its short life are relatively unknown. Its inception was the result of industry attempting to push the Federal Government into implementing partnership in a practical way. Up to 1960, the Examiner's internal politics mirrored this conflict, and it was during this time that the Examiner's position as a critical supporter of Government policy was at its most ambiguous. After 1960, the Examiner became a more forthright Government critic — indeed by 1964, it was the only medium left for the expression of nationalist opinion. INTRODUCTION IN THE WAKE of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in Rhodesia on 11 November 1965, censorship was imposed on the press. Most newspapers and magazines appeared with a number of blank spaces which would have been filled with articles had they not fallen foul of the censors. One magazine had so much of its content for the December 1965 issue banned that it resorted to making it a 'Do-It-Yourself edition, urging readers to fill in the blanks themselves. -
The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project
The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project DISCUSSION PAPER 59 THE ZIMBABWEAN NATION-STATE PROJECT A Historical Diagnosis of Identity and Power-Based Conflicts in a Postcolonial State SABELO J. NDLOVO-GATSHENI NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Zimbabwe Nationalism State Political conflicts Political development Political leadership Elite Ethnicity National identity Nation-building Post-colonialism The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-696-1 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................4 List of Acronyms ...............................................................................................................................................5 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................9 2. Defining the African National Project ................................................................................................18 -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
453996 1 En Bookbackmatter 219..266
Appendix A For Restricted Circulation For The Eyes of the Shona Elite Only, Please Pass To Most Trusted Person! Progress Review on the 1979 Grand Plan (Unedited) Gift Never before has history given us the majority Shona people, such a precious present than it has done with Robert Gabriel Mugabe. R.G. is simply a perfect embodiment of all our cultural norms and values, our aspirations and expectations, our wants, desires and interests. In his whole life R G has not failed to demonstrate that incredible consciousness of who we are as people. The most vivid imagination of what an ideal Shona person should look like in appearance as well as how he should behave or present himself to the public, finds an exact match in R.G. His presence among us as a leader with and an abundant and compelling inspiration towards the establishment of Shona Nationhood deserves to be honoured and celebrated as a memorable great occasion in the life histories of all the generations of our people. Acknowledgement We do not as a matter of obligation, fail to appreciate and acknowledge wonderful achievements, the great valour and the spirit of stubborn resistance against for- midable adversaries of all those other great Shona men and women who led our people before. However, without prejudicing fair comparison, it is inarguable though that R.G. stands out distinctly as a cut above the rest among both the dead and the living Shona leaders. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 219 D. Ngwenya, Healing the Wounds of Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe, The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science 19, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66818-5 220 Appendix A Consistency Countless incidents in R.G.’s decorated and exuberant political career testify to the conviction most of us have that the man is a visionary of rare gifts. -
A Crucial Watershed in Southern Rhodesian Politics
A crucial watershed in Southern Rhodesian politics The 1961 Constitutional Process and the 1962 General Election E v e n t u e Högskolan på Gotlandll fi 2011 VTg ”Kandidatuppsats”u Författare: Jan Olssonr / Avdelningen för Historiab Handledare: Erik Tängerstadil d ( 1 F o r m a t Abstract The thesis examines the political development in Southern Rhodesia 1960-1962 when two processes, the 1961 Constitutional process and the 1962 General Election, had far- reaching consequences for the coming twenty years. It builds on a hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalisation of all groups, the white minority, the African majority and the colonial power. The main research question is why the ruling party, United Federal Party (UFP) after winning the referendum on a new Constitution with a wide margin could lose the ensuing election one year later to the party, Rhodesian Front (RF) opposing the constitution. The examination is based on material from debates in the Legal Assembly and House of Commons (UK), minutes of meetings, newspaper articles, election material etc. The hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalization of the main actors was partly confirmed. The process led to a focus on racial issues in the ensuing election. Among the white minority UFP attempted to develop a policy of continued white domination while making constitutional concessions to Africans in order to attract the African middle class. When UFP pressed on with multiracial structural reforms the electorate switched to the racist RF which was considered bearer of the dominant settler ideology. Among the African majority the well educated African middleclass who led the Nationalist movement, changed from multiracial reformists in late 1950‟s to majority rule advocates. -
Zimbabwe: African Working Class Nationalism, 1957-1963
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Zambezia (1996), XXIII (ii). ZIMBABWE: AFRICAN WORKING CLASS NATIONALISM, 1957-1963 T. H. MOTHIBE Department of History, National University of Lesotho Abstract Scholars of Zimbabwean history have argued that organised African labour was subordinated to petit bourgeois nationalism. This article refutes these assessments and argues that, in the period between the formation of the first mass nationalist organisation and the adoption of the armed struggle, organised labour and nationalism were intimately connected, a fact that reflected in part the structural position of the African workers in a colonial society. This relationship was, however, disrupted by the adoption of armed struggle by the nationalists in 1963. THE YEAR 1957 marked a very important era in the history of Zimbabwe's nationalist struggle. This was manifested in the formation of the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC) on September 12 (in defiance of what the settlers celebrated as Occupation Day). This was the first mass nationalist organisation. It also marked the beginning of a close alliance between organised African labour and African political parties in colonial Zimbabwe, an alliance that snapped with the split in the nationalist movement in 1963. The conventional assessment, however, has generally been that African labour came to be subordinated to the nationalist struggle with the formation of the SRANC. -
Rhodesiana Volume 40
PUBLICATION No. 40 1979 ~ - ...._,,,, _..,,, ..... _ ------ Pre-publication notice SUBSCRIBERS' LIMITED EDITION of PRINTS FROM WATERCOLOURS by ALICE BALFOUR The National Archives announces the publication of a special edition limited to 500 copies of ten colour prints from original watercolours by Alice Balfour. An accomplished amateur artist, she sketched these scenes in South Africa and during a wagon journey through Matabeleland and Mashonaland in 1894. The prints, together with an introductory text, will be contained in a portfolio in which subscribers' names will appear. Price $60, special pre-publication offer $45. If you are interested in subscribing please write for further particulars co: THE DIRECTOR NATIONAL ARCHIVES PRIVATE BAG 7729 CAUSEWAY THOMAS MEIKLE, 1862-1939 The founder of the Meikle Organisation sailed from Scotland with his parents in 1869 The family settled in Natal where Thomas and his brothers John and Stewart gained their first farming ex perience. In 1892 the three brothers set off for Rhodesia with eight ox- wagons. Three months later they had completed the 700 mile trek to Fort Victoria. Here they opened a store made of whisky cases and roofed over with the tarpaulins that had covered their wagons. Progress was at first slow, nevertheless, branches were opened in Salisbury in 1893, Bulawayo and Gwelo in 1894, and in Umtali in 1897. From these small beginnings a vast network of stores, hotels, farms, mines and auxilliary undertakings was built up. These ventuies culminated in the formation of the Thomas Meikle Trust and Investment Company in 1933. The success of these many enterprises was mainly due to Thomas Meikle's foresight and his business acumen, coupled with his ability to judge character and gather around him a loyal and efficient staff. -
Advocacy Organisations, the British Labour Movement and the Struggle for Independence in Rhodesia, 1965-1980
Advocacy organisations, the British labour movement and the struggle for independence in Rhodesia, 1965-1980 By Charlie Eperon A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire School of Education and Social sciences November 2015 STUDENT DECLARATION FORM Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards I, Charlie Eperon, declare that while registered for the research degree, I was with the University’s specific permission, an enrolled student for the following awards: Postgraduate Diploma in Health Informatics, UCL Postgraduate Certificate in Healthcare Leadership, Open University ____________________________________________________________________ Material submitted for another award I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work ____________________________________________________________________ Collaboration Where a candidate’s research programme is part of a collaborative project, the thesis must indicate in addition clearly the candidate’s individual contribution and the extent of the collaboration. Please state below: Signature of Candidate Type of Award Doctor of Philosophy School Education and Social Abstract This thesis discusses the struggle for independence in Rhodesia, from the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 to internationally recognised independence in 1980. Whilst there are many existing accounts and discussions of the -
Sir Roy Welensky, Prime Ninister of the Crumbling Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland, Went Fishing Together
NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS CB-21 $r Roy Welensky July i, 1963 3 Richmond Close Highlands Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia Mr. Richard Nolte Institute of Current World Affairs 366 Nadison Avenue New York 17, New York Dear Mr. Nolte While Ileads of State in the rest of Africa were meeting .t the summit at Addis Abbaba, a small Southern Summ..i Conference was held at Betty's Bay, South Africa, when Dr. Ver- woerd and Sir Roy Welensky, Prime Ninister of the crumbling Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland, went fishing together. Sir Roy could not represent the Sou+/-hem Rhodesian government in any off.cial way, His Federation _is breaking up and he will soon be a man without a job. But in spite of this he is still considered a power in politics here and his actions receive careful scrutiny. During the last 25 years he has worked his way through the "tough school of politics".. He ente*ed political life first as a union organizer and then head of the European Railwaymen's Union in Northern Rhodesia's cooprbel%. Over ten years ago he and sir Godfrey Huggins, Prime Ninister of Southern Rhodesia (later Lord Nalvern), together sold Britain on the idea of a federation of the three central African territories, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. tle succeeded Lord hlalvern as Prime linister of the Federation in 1956. From the beei.ning Africans in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, qhere there are very few Europeans, distrusted federation. ey saw Europeans in the three territories uniting to control their rising aspira- tions.