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babwe ws babwe ws Official Organ Department of Information and Publicity, 14Austin Road, Workington, Harare Volume 26, No. 6 1995, Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper of ZANU PF --T7 $11.0(incl. sales tax) Thei Ndajjr HE PAR I~iiiEXC killing a crime? twist to assassination WEST USING IMF TO DE-INDUSTRIALISE AFRICA

Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF Contents' E ditorial: .................................................................................................................................... ........ 2 L etters: .................................................................................................................................... ......L 3

  • National News;
  • ZANU PF urged to draw up election guidelines

..............................4

  • Day of Unity proposed ...............
  • ................................. 6

Party leaders causing internal conflicts ........................................................................... 8 The incorrigible Ndabaningi Sithole ................................................................................ 10 Wildlife conservation boosts communities ...................................................................... 12 Zimbabwean women on the march - after Beijing .............................................................. 13 Community manages fishing resources ........................................................................ 14 Marriage laws may bring constitutional changes ................................................... 15 Fighting drought and feeding millions ................................................................... 16 M utoko vendors appeal to council ................................................................................. 17

  • Cover Story:
  • Ushe - hero par excellence

................................................................................... 18

  • Regional News:
  • African integration as a solution to African economic crisis

............................................... 22 SADC: building the community *hrough music ................... t ........................................ 23 Struggling for women's political participation ............................................................... 26 Feature: ..........28

  • The IMF blackmails Zimbabwe
  • ...........................

International News: New twist to Gandhi assassination ....................................... 31 New Brifish vaccine: an answer to AIDS Women and children: key to disaster prevention ......................................................... 35
................................... 33
Issue of resources dominates Beijing Conference ........................................................... 35 Talking Point: 37

  • Is judicial killing a crime?
  • ............................................

The UN: Lessons of 50 years ............................................................................................. 38 Colonial legacy triggering chaos in Nigeria ............ ........................................................... 42

  • Sport:
  • New vision for South African sports

...................................................................... ; ....... 43 Regional chiefs endorse UEFA vision .................................. i ............................................. 44

  • IOC to establish environmental policy
  • ..................................... 45

  • SADC wants games facilities utilised by members ............................. _
  • 46

Andy Cole - lethal goal-scoring talent .'................ Obituary: Stanford Mharadzi passes away
46
.................................................................................... 48 CZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 26 NO. 6 Zimbabwe News is the official organ of the ZimbabweAfrican National Union (ZANU PF) and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information Iand Publicity, Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14Austin Road, Workington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee (ZANU PF) Editorial Council: Cde. N.M. Shamuyarira, Cde. C.C. Chimutengwende, Cde. C. Ndhlovu, Cde. S. Kachingwe, Cde.A. Sikhosana, de. M. MunyatL //)AMR Em .,.. EDITORIAL Democracy at work THE strength of any political party is in constant and regular consultation with the people. ZANU-PF has been doing precisely that this month (December). On the 13th of December we had the fourth regular session of the Central Committee. But, on the 15th and 16th December, the Party organised a mini-Congress to consult all districts and provinces on the current Party programme. A wide range of issues was discussed, and common positions estabished. Before the general elections of last April, and the municipal elections of last October, the Party again consulted widely in the selection of candidates. Primary elections were held to determine and ensure that the candidates had grass-roots support. That was as it should be. No candidate(s) should be imposed on any constituency by anybody. But, that process has raised many problems. It has allowed persons with money to buy their way into certain offfices, without a commitment to principles and policies of the Party. it is necessary to review the current practices on elections with a view to maintaining the unity of the Party, and strengthening real democracy and free choice. One of the requirements in making democracy work is a responsible press that reports statements and issues correctly and objectively. A section of the Zimbabwe press is yellow and malicious in its reporting on the Government and the ruling Party. It readily prints lies and views of any opposition candidates, and distorts whatever comes from ZANU-PF. No effort is ever made to hear or print our views. Some of the editors, reporters, and columnists, were sworn enemies of ZANU-PF during the liberation struggle. It is the same people still fighting against us and the people. It is difficult to build a democratic society with such specialist liars pursuing their hidden agenda in the name of a free press. IMF impoverishing Third World countries IN this issue we carry a number of articles commenting on how the implementation of IMF prescriptions is causing unforeseen economic hardships in the affected countries. The spread of IMF influence in the management of national economies is directly connected with post-Cold War developments in the international economic order. The collapse of central economic management in Eastern Europe ensured the unchecked spread of capitalist influence in every part of the globe, especially in Third World' countries. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank became the mediums through which the capitalist West began to propagate the ideology of "reforms" for the strengthening of capitalist ways of economic management in Eastern Europe and the Third World. Beginning from around 1985, Eastern Europe and Third World countries were, stage by stage, forced to abandon central planning, privatise nationalised industries, cut down on government departments, remove subsidies on commodities constituting staple necessities for the general population, lower tariffs to permit the entry of foreign manufactured goods into the local market and generally become subservient to the economic and political dictatorship of the IMF and*World Bank. Both the IMF and World Bank are controlled, directed and ordered by industrially advanced capitalist countries. It is therefore in the direct interests of these industrialised countries to dictate an international economic order which stifles the economic advancement of less industrialised countries. This is a new form of colonialism called neo-colonialism. The neo-colonialism of the Third World is de facto from the reality that the former colonisers took careful measures to prevent the industrialisation of their former colonies from the first day of attaining political independence. Nationals of a newly independent country did not, obviously, have the money needed for building their own industries. Former colonisers knew of this reality and were quick to take advantage of it. Investors from former colonial powers demanded high interest rates for tHeir loans. The debts of former colonies spiralled so high that payments on interest alone surpassed the amount of originally borrowed principal capital. This paralysing indebtedness called for the search for more loans from the.same leaders. This process is continuing with no solution in sight. The pervasive indebtedness of Third World countries led to wide-spread payment defaults. The lenders then resorted to collective debt recovery claims through the auspices of the IMF/World Bank over which they had total control. This is bow the IMF came to be the instrument and medium for the imposition of economic hardships on Third World countries. The matter should be taken up at OAU meetings. Lobbying of other countries and organisations in this direction should be an aspect of our foreign policy in the immediate future until a full-scale debate at the United Nations on this subject is held. There is great chance that Zimbabwe will be suppofted by the majority pf

  • UN members.Q I
  • , i

ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 26 NO. 6

Dear Editor Allow me to congratulate Dr. Rwambiwa's letter, "President urges the Teaching of National languages", (Zimbabwe News Vol. 26 No. 5) in which he excellently responded to Mabharani's selfdestructiVe and unpatriotic letter against African languages. What impressed me most was President Mugabe's question quoted by Dr. Rwambiwa: "What evil is there in teaching these languages?", meaning African languages. I think this is the most important question every person proud of being Zimbabwean should continue to think of and weigh against the meaning of calling ourselves independent and-expecting to be genlinely respected by other races. I have been following Dr. Rwambiwa and other people's articles on the importance of upgrading Shona and Ndebele as passports to higher education after failing to pass the English Language. When a person passes 5 'O" levels and fails the English Language, the employers and those in Higher Education are only ready to protect the English Language at the expense of that person's potential' in the subject he/she has passed. Yet all of the subjects will have been passed by writing them in English. So why is a person not allowed to continue with the subject he or she has demonstrated good knowledge of? In the job market, which patriotic Zimbabwean employer can fail to communicate with a person who has 5 "0" levbis written in English even if that person had failed it. The statistics shown in Rwambiwa's article (The People's Voice 22-28 January 1995) reveal that most black students fail to pass English at "0" level. The blacks suffer through lack of opportunities to advance themselves. There is absolutely no evil in teaching Shona and Ndebele, but we, Zimbabweans are only destroying ourselves in losing self-identity by rejecting our own languages. Failing to honour or develop our own languages at work and in education is a self admission that we are not worthy of equating ourselves with the races whose languages we consider superior. Like many people, I have been eagerly asked by many foreign whites to teach them Shona. I think one reason why most of our white Zimbabweans have never bothered learning Shona or Ndebele is because we have shown them that the languages are not worth learning, hence we continue to be marginalised as a race. As Dr. Rwambiwa observes, it is the, responsibility of the teaching profession to redress this most serious national problem. African language teachers are not being given the same recognition as other language teachers yet we are the guardians of our national heritage and pride. I want to conclude by echoing Rwambiwa, Mafuba and Mutswairo's calls for more positive and effective policies for Shona and Ndebele at both work and in highereducation. No one is saying away with Engish but there is need to protect and preserve the majority of our people from continuing to be victimised socially, economically and educationally when they have a language like any other race. Patriotic Teacher CHIREDZI Congratulations Cde. Editor Dear Editor I wish to congratulate the Editor and staff at Zimbabwe News for the quality information contained in the pages of this magazine I particularly enjoy your excellent articles on the political profiles of our national heroes and heroines, provincial and district comrades who selflessly sacrificed their lives for the liberation ol our country. Comrade Editor, I kindly request you to publish in your excellent magazine the political profile of the late Cde Right Stanford Mharadzi whose Chimurenga name was Professor Mapfumo. We know that not all fallen freedom fighters are accorded the honour of being considered national heroes deserving burial at the Harare National Heroes Acre. However, we want to read about their exploits in your popular magazine for which he once worked assiduously for a period of two years. Publishing his story would greatly console some of us who are his relatives aid friends. Yours faithfully Freddy Mharadzi HURUNGWE WEST The Editor and staff at Zimbabwe News learnt with great horror of the untimely death of Cde Right Stanford Mharadzi. We send heart-felt condolences to his grieving family, relatives and friends. Cde. Professor worked with us from the last half of 1987 to the first half of 1989. As one of our Senior Reporters, he worked tirelessly in defending the party from its detractors. We greatly miss his 'company but also thank Cde. Freddy Mharadzi for reminding us of this sad ,loss to the nation. We are publishing his obituary elsewhere in this issue. Editor ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 26 NO. 6 Letters to the Editor should be brief and to the point. The Editor reserves the right to edit all letters. Write to: The Editor The Zimbabwe News 144 Union Avenue Harare

ZANU PF urged to draw up election guidelines The President and First Secretary of ZANU PF, Cde. Robert Gabriel Mugabe has ci]led on the Party to come up with a set of rules governing the conduct of candidates during 'primary, general and local government elections. Officially opening the 24th Session of the ZANU PF Central Committee in Harare on Wednesday, Dember 13, 1995, Cde. Mugabe noted that such rules of conduct in elections should be par of the Party's Code of Discipline. The followinK is the full text of his speech: omrades Vice Presidents and'Second Secretaries of ZANU PF Comrade Members of the Central Com" mittee, I welcome you to the 24th Session of the Central Committee. I am welcoming y~u in circumstances in which we are mourning the departure of one of our outstanding gallant revolu. tionary fighters, Cde. Herbert Ushewokunze, who passed way on Sunday morning and who has since been declared a national hero. by the Party. I therefore would want to request you to observe a moment of silence in tribute to. him. Meeting at the end of the year does Impose on our august body an obligation of a double nature and double dimersion in its perspective. We have, at this tirqe of the year, a duty to look back in a review of the year just ended, as well as look ahead in a process of dischargi ng the mandate we received from the National People's Congress, and ensuring the Party's solidarity, 'both orgardcally and politically, as it relates to it members and supporters. It was our expectation that by this time of the year 1995, our Party would be showing itself as organically well and efficiently organised, all its organs prope-. ly and solidly constituted, its member-' ship, organ by organ, well recorded, and all our ten provinces priding themselves on the efficient and sound organic machinery they have. Alas, this is far from being the case. No doubt good work has been done towards reaching our Party organisatonl ajd restructuring targets. No doubt qurj organising machinery has also been toiling hard to get the restructuring programme concluded before the end of this year. I am afraid they, like all of us here, must admit that, while some progress has so far been made, including the introduction of a new computerised registration system, we have dismally failed to meet our deadlines. Inspite of this inconclusivenes of our restructuring exercise, the Party has. you will agree, had a good and eventful year. It has demonstrated its political dominance in the country's local government elections, by its resounding victory, losing only three seats, not to any of the so-called opposition parties but to rebels from its own ranks, persons who decided to stand as independents, but refusing, even as we suspended them, to wear any other mantle but that of ZANU PF. To this day, they have refused to be anything else but ZANU PF. This should not surprise us at all, because if they had chosen to join any of the existing disreputable parties or to form their own, they would immediately have courted disaster for themselves. But we cannot allow them to continue to ride on our backs, and so they should be very effectively jettisoned. No one, who cannot toe the ZANU PF line, must ever be allowed to benefit from or by its support or facilities, for example, by using the name of the Party or of its leadership or by wearing its T-shirts or using its slogans or any other symbols. The Party should always take steps to ensure that this does not happen. It is, therefore, important to prevent this occurring in the ,future. We all agree that our review of the primary election exercise reveals that it has resulted in creating internal conflicts and hostilities of the nature we cannot affcr-d to have or entertain as a pattern. Whilst healthy rivalry between our members should always be encouraged, care must always be taken so ensure that such rivalry does not devel6p 'into hostility. This has, in fact, happened in Mutare, Harare, Masvingo and Bulawayo, to mention only those provinces where primary elections have created some ilaring cases of hostlity. Viewed as a Whole, the primary elections have, to a great extent, been quite a great success. It is, nevertheless, the few cases marked by hostile rivalry that have given the Party its acute headaches, happily not yet chronic. it is thus the duty of this Central Committee to properly analyse the problem 1 posed by primary elections and evolve effective ways of preventing their degenerating into personal and 'group' emnities, as they have tended to do in the cases referred to above. Perhaps, before we think of how our punitive measures against would-be or ex-, isting rebel independents could be intensified, we should address the issue of raising the political consciousness and appreciation of our people. This calls for' a vigorous programme of the Commissariat to educate our supporters on the. requirements of a democratic process. Those who participate as election candidates and even as supporters of these candidates must, as they prepare themselves for victory, also prepare their minds; and indeed their hearts, for both victory and defeat. As I have stated before, magnanimity must characterise' both the winner and loser. It is magnanimous for the winner to show modesty -= and recQgnise the opponent loser as still a friend, partner and comrade-in-arms in the overall ZANU PF struggle. The, loser in the contest must similarly adopt a correct attitude of mind and accept defeat in good spirit. Defeat in one election is far from being the end of one's political career. Surely, many other chances will always offer themselves in the future. In any event, only one person can win the primary contest unless the rare phenomenon of a tie were to occur. And so our defeated candidates must learn that accepting defeat is an act of magnanimity and not humiliation. I wish to suggest, in elaboration of my recommendation of political education, Continued fromprevious page ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 26 NO. 6 LZANU PF urged to draw ,tha lt ml If i 'Cl ad it Of Co Co il ti Co to uic th up election guidelines

  • ontinued next page
  • s tat'of the Pa in their own provinces, and those which

thrive on d As the Central Committee, we have also disunity within the body p at all our election contenders be re- used this advisory forum to brief the society, expressed their rev ied, in the future, to undergo a well provinces on any important or topical it is these same eleml P eived prpgramme of instruction on issue within the- Party or Government. masquerading under various wvto conduct themselves. Our election Members of Politburo and quite a num- or even religious cloaks, wh ocedures should further-include affir- ber of Ministers have addressed this fo- the background of our thrus ation ofpledges that are intended to rum, often in an informative manner. al peace and stability, ar velop degree. of self-cliscipline. We This approach -will; ' am' sure, continue championing chaos and dis ust evolve election rules of the Party. to be adopted in"the interest of aug- fact, leading violent and these rules are generally known, and menting and -maintaining our'consulta- demonstrations. When, in t ndidates pledge adherence to them in tive process within the Party at the human rights ZIMRIGHTS be ivance, then any violation of them be- highest possible level. As we meet with LOOTERS, blatantly violatir mes severely punishable. At the mo- this forum on Thursday, we certainly will LAWS, is the ZIMGOVERNM ent, we do not have anything more be interested in the provincial reports on ed to view such criminal beh an the adopted Central Committee po- the progress so far made in the folded hands? Let these gan ion stipulating merely what should Provinces, individually, on the organisa- sations take note that ot be done by a defeated candidate. tion and restructuring of the Party. We descended upon with the full me has now come to convert that shall also want to hear, where this may law and be Kuthlessly dealt ntral Committee position into a set be the case, the nature of the conflict make crime their hobby. Let rules governing the conduct of can- situations existing in the affected so-called, therefore know t' dates during primary and, perhaps, provinces, as well as the steps being a formidable structure of Z ineral and local govemment elections. taken to resolve the conflicts. The waiting for its ZIMLOOTER, is also possible to include such rules provinces will, no doubt, want to inform The area of law and order n conduct in elections as part of our us about the drought situation affecting inviolate to all the people. Th ode of

  • Discipline.
  • them and how successful the Grain Loan sons of criminal

propensitie* imrhdes, tomorrow we shall be meet- Scheme has been as a method of providsitions, who deliberately bre g with many other members as the ing relief and preventing the suffering of will always be apprehe ational Consultative Assembly and,. people. We shall also wanto hear how brought to punishment. Wh ereafter, for another two days, our Na- our Youth and Women's League's is inadequate in both extent onal People's Conference will be meet- programmes, especially in regard to in its penalties, then that g for the first time. Our agenda for the their production programmes, have must be corrected. At the sal onference will include a general report been faring. Since the National Consul- have also to examine our I be delivered by the President in the tative Assembly will precede the Nation- ment mechanism and satist ual way. The report will be a synthet- al People's Conference, dealing with that we have a strong polio summary of the reports drawn from provincial reports at the former will the necessary ptools to do e various departments of the Party. It 'leave more room for debate and discus,face of increasing crime, esp A.- ,.. -4 lu n_];"., z. U .. . sion at the -latter. .3 .L .^ , ... . ivisions and olitic of our ulsion to it. ents, often benevolent ich, against t for natione not only order, but in disorderly he name of comes ZIMng our ZIMENT expectiaviour with gster organikey will be I force of the with if they ZIMRIGHTS, lat we have IMPRISONS S! nust remain erefore, pers and dispoach the law, nded and ere the law or scope or inadequacy me time, we aw enforceourselves e force with e job. In the ecially thefts low as much time for discussion of salient issues and pervasive socioeconomic problems as possible. We must, therefore, look forward to much more debate and discussion by the delegates than has'been possible at our National People's Congress because of lack of time. Indeed, our idea in introducing this new forum, the National People's Conference, has been to promote, between Congresses, greater chances of interaction and meaningful debate between the. Central Committee and the Party membership, as well as among the Party members themselves, who are drawn from all the provinces and the or-' gans of the Party. The National Consultative Assembly has, to date, been principally a forum at which the Party provinces have, through their Chairmen, briefed the Central Committee and their counterparts on the ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 26 NO[6 comrades, as we end the yer 1995, and look ahead to next year, we should derive from the events of the passing year a great sense of satisfaction that we have kept the Party not juit going but growing. That sense. ofi-satisfaction should inspire us for the future, in the full belief that the people of Zimbabwe. stand solidly behind ZANU PF and its leadership. However, we should also admit and recognise that our noble task of maintaining Party solidarity and holding the political lead has been marred by undesirable divisive occurrences within the Party. We have to strive to stem a drift towards more divisions, as such drift could lead to ireparable disunity, and, with it, deep rifts in the Party. When in December 1987 we signed our Unity Accord and united ZANU and ZAPU, some sections of our population, an rUeUIes, UUVernImIIL FIIIUL c llford to sit back and watch the situation deteriorating, while pleading impotence because of lack of vehicles or other equipment. A peaceful and stable environment is a sine qua non of development. Indeed, no foreign investor will want to risk his funds in an insecure environment. At the same time, those who have already invested in the country, whether they are foreign or domestic, become bitterly disappointed at losing their property through burglaries and robberies. Innocent individuals row live in constant fear of becoming victims of robberies, tricksters and conmen. The situatior throughout the country has no doubt become untenable and needs to be positively nd immediately addressed with effctive remedies. Next year, we slall hold our national presidential elections, ind this Central Committee has to start its preparations

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    Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles J. L. Fisher Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles The decolonisation of white identity in Zimbabwe J. L. Fisher THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/pioneers_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fisher, J. L. (Josephine Lucy) Title: Pioneers, settlers, aliens, exiles : the decolonisation of white identity in Zimbabwe / J. L. Fisher. ISBN: 9781921666148 (pbk.) 9781921666155 (pdf) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Decolonization--Zimbabwe. Whites--Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe--Politics and government--1980- Zimbabwe--Race relations. Dewey Number: 320.96891 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Abbreviations. ix Preface . xi 1 ..Introduction. 1 2 ..Zimbabwe’s.discourse.of.national.reconciliation . 27 3 ..Re-inscribing.the.national.landscape. 55 4 ..Zimbabwe’s.narrative.of.national.rebirth. 79 5 ..Decolonising.settler.citizenship. 103 6 ..The.mobilisation.of.indigeneity. 131 7 ..The.loss.of.certainty. 173 8 ..Zimbabwe’s.governance.and.land.reform.crises—a.postscript.201
  • Africa Confidential

    Africa Confidential

    www.africa-confidential.com 21 February 2003 Vol 44 No 4 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL ZIMBABWE II 2 ZIMBABWE I Succession for sale Businessmen and publishers are This land is our land taking sides in the struggle to A secret government report shows how officials are grabbing farms succeed President Mugabe. and violently evicting landless farmers Newspapers are critical weapons A confidential government audit of Zimbabwe’s land reform has found widespread evidence of corrupt backing the two favourites – Defence Minister Sekeramayi and allocations and the use of violence by senior politicians and military officers to evict landless small Speaker Mnangagwa. farmers – the very people President Robert Mugabe claimed the land reform policy would help. Reports of corruption and abuses uncovered by the auditors will embarrass Mugabe, who has staked his domestic reputation on the speedy transfer of land to Zimbabwe’s more than two million landless poor farmers. ANGOLA 3 Now, from the government’s own investigations, it appears that not only has the policy precipitated a Beg, borrow and steal catastrophic fall in food crop production which, along with the regional drought, is causing as many as seven million Zimbabweans to go hungry but above all, the policy has financially benefitted the Angola should be doing well: its nomenklatura of Mugabe’s ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). civil war ended last April and the The audit(1), of which Africa Confidential has obtained a copy, reveals that some of the worst violations oil price has been boosted by the Iraq crisis. Yet the nation’s foreign of the land reform policy were committed by Mugabe’s closest political allies, such as Air Marshal reserves have sunk to less than Perence Shiri and Information Minister Jonathan Moyo, as well as Mugabe’s sister, Sabina Mugabe.
  • 2014 European Championships Statistics – Women's 100M

    2014 European Championships Statistics – Women's 100M

    2014 European Championships Statistics – Women’s 100m by K Ken Nakamura All time performance list at the European Championships Performance Performer Time Wind Name Nat Pos Venue Year 1 1 10.73 2.0 Christine Arron FRA 1 Budapest 1998 2 10.81 1.3 Christine Arron 1sf1 Budapest 1998 3 2 10.83 2.0 Irina Privalova RUS 2 Budapest 1998 4 3 10.87 2.0 Ekaterini Thanou GRE 3 Budapest 1998 5 4 10.89 1.8 Katrin Krabbe GDR 1 Split 1990 6 5 10.91 0.8 Marlies Göhr GDR 1 Stuttgart 1986 7 10.92 0.9 Ekaterini Thanou 1sf2 Budapest 1998 7 6 10.92 2.0 Zhanna Pintusevich -Block UKR 4 Budapest 1998 9 10.98 1.2 Marlies Göhr 1sf2 Stuttgart 1986 10 11.00 1.3 Zhanna Pintusevich -Block 2sf1 Budapest 1998 11 11.01 -0.5 Marlies Göhr 1 Athinai 1982 11 11.01 0.9 Zhanna Pintusevich -Block 1h2 Helsinki 1994 13 11.02 0.6 Irina Privalova 1 Helsinki 1994 13 11.02 0.9 Irina Privalova 2sf2 Budapest 1998 15 7 11.04 0.8 Anelia Nuneva BUL 2 Stuttgart 1986 15 11.04 0.6 Ekaterini Thanou 1h4 Budapest 1998 17 8 11.05 1.2 Silke Gladisch -Möller GDR 2sf2 Stuttgart 1986 17 11.05 0.3 Ekaterini Thanou 1sf2 München 2002 19 11.06 -0.1 Marlies Göhr 1h2 Stuttgart 1986 19 11.06 -0.8 Zhanna Pintusevich -Block 1h1 Budapest 1998 19 9 11.06 1.8 Kim Gevaert BEL 1 Göteborg 2006 22 10 11.06 1.7 Ivet Lalova BUL 1h2 Helsinki 2012 22 11.07 0.0 Katrin Krabbe 1h1 Split 1990 22 11 11.07 2.0 Melanie Paschke GER 5 Budapest 1998 25 11.07 0.3 Ekaterini Thanou 1h4 München 2002 25 11.08 1.2 Anelia Nuneva 3sf2 Stuttga rt 1986 27 12 11.08 0.8 Nelli Cooman NED 3 Stuttgart 1986 28 11.09 0.8 Silke Gladisch -Möller
  • Zimbabwe and Political Transition

    Zimbabwe and Political Transition

    ZIMBABWE AND POLITICAL TRANSITION SUE ONSLOW MARCH 2011 STRATEGIC UPDATE ZIMBABWE AND POLITICAL TRANSITION This paper looks at the factors which helped ZANU-PF as a former liberation movement retain power and lead to a one-party dominant state. It also explores the extent to which ZANU-PF is adapting to democratic politics and multiparty elections.1 Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF offers important parallels and insights into the challenges which confront former Southern African liberation movements as they move to become parties of government. These shared aspects include the importance of personality, ethnic and clan politics which helped to shape the liberation movement during the struggle for independence. There is also the important legacy of emphasis on solidarity and lack of internal discussion and debate. Furthermore, the role of ‘armed struggle’ and the associated use of violence have left lasting influences. These formative attitudes and experiences forged political cultures which have continued to play out in the domestic political arena post-independence. ZANU-PF is an extreme case study of the limits of how susceptible and receptive liberation leadership may be to internal dissent and debate as they address the considerable difficulties of nation-state construction after formal independence. By late 1990s ZANU-PF was facing a profound challenge to the legitimacy of its victory, and to the legitimacy and identity of the liberation movement itself. From 2000 the struggle in Zimbabwe constituted ‘a battle for the state’, and this battle is
  • Canadian Churches Against Apartheid

    Canadian Churches Against Apartheid

    In Good Faith: Canadian Churches Against Apartheid http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.canp1b10040 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org In Good Faith: Canadian Churches Against Apartheid Author/Creator Pratt, Renate Contributor Tutu, Archbishop Desmond M. (preface), Hutchinson, Roger (foreword) Publisher Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion Date 1997 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Canada, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1975-1990 Source ES Reddy Rights By kind permission of Renate Pratt and Wilfred Laurier University Press. Description Part one, 1975-80: Prelude to action - 1.
  • Zimbabwe Crisis Reports Issue 20

    Zimbabwe Crisis Reports Issue 20

    ZIMBABWE CRISIS REPORTS Issue 20 ■ December 2007 Fresh insights into the Zimbabwean situation MACHIAVELLIAN MUGABE ODDS ON FOR RE-ELECTION Endorsement as ZANU-PF presidential candidate means he seems almost certain to win another term in office. By Joseph Sithole in Harare Zimbabwe’s Machiavellian president Robert Mugabe has been endorsed as the sole presidential candidate next year without raising ructions in the ruling ZANU- PF party, but analysts warn a Mugabe victory in the March elections spells doom for the country. They say while it is almost certain that Lazele Credit: ZANU-PF and its leader will triumph in South African president Thabo Mbeki (right) with Robert Mugabe at Harare International the joint parliamentary and presidential Airport following a round of talks on the mediation effort. Picture taken November 22. poll, given the opposition’s divided state and lack of leaders, Mugabe and for a new presidential candidate as the The agenda for the upcoming meeting his followers do not have anything new party’s constitution stated clearly that does not even mention the issue of a to offer the country. its first secretary was automatically presidential candidate. nominated for the post. He made this Emmerson Mnangagwa, the ruling announcement following separate Mnangagwa did not explain why, if the party’s secretary for legal affairs, has central committee and politburo critical issue of a presidential said that a ZANU-PF special congress meetings to set the agenda for the full candidate had been resolved by the later this month