JMA/WMO WorkshoppQ on Quality Manag ement in Surface, Climate and UpperUpper--AirAir Observations in RA II (ASIA) Tokyo, Japan, 27-27-3030 July 2010

Rajjjendra P. Shrestha Meteorological Forecasting Division Department of Hydrology and Meteorology NepalNepal Location of

.. South Asian landlocked country with fascinating thdlittopography and climate.

.. It lies between 2626002222’tototo3030002727’N lat and 8484000404’to’to 88001212’E’E long.

.. Area:Area:Area: 11,,4141,,741741741 sq kmsqkmkm.

.. Highest elevation: 8848 m .. Lowest Elevation: 646464 mmm China

Physi ograp hic v iew o f Nepa l India Mt. Everest 8848m

60 m Introduction

Scope of Work .. Established --19621962 .. River Hydrology .. WMO Member --19661966 .. ClimateClimate .. UddtdttUpgraded to department -19881988 .. AgroAgro--meteorologymeteorology .. SedimentSediment .. Air Quality & Water Quality .. LimnologyLimnology .. Snow Hydrology .. GlaciologyGlaciology .. Win d & So lar Energy .. Aviation & General Forecast .. Look upon network of observation stationsstations .. Global Exchange of Meteorological DataData The Principal Activities of DHM .. Collect and disseminate hydrological and meteorological information for water resources, agriculture, energy and other developppment activities.

.. Issue hydrological and meteorological forecast for public, mountaineering expedition, civil aviation and for the mitigation of natural disasters.

.. To provide meteorological support for flood warning and flood control operations.

.. Conduct special studies required for the policy maker and for the development of hydrological and meteorological sciences in the reg ithiion.

.. Promote relationship with national and international organization in the field of hydrology and meteorology.

.. HydroHydro--MeteorologicalMeteorological Observation Network in DHM Physiographic Regions based on Topography and 15 Synoptic Stations .. Terai (((6060-- 200)M ,17%, .. Churia, ( Siwalik Range) (200(200--1500)M1500)M .. Middle Mountain (Mahabharat range) (1200(1200--2500)M,68%2500)M,68% DADELDHURA JUMLA DIPAYAL (DOTI) .. High Mountain

DHANGADHI (ATARIYA) (2500(2500--4000)M4000)M SURKHET (BIRENDRA NAGAR) .. High Himalayas (4000(4000--8848)M 15% AIRPORT

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORTGHORAI (DANG)

KATHMANDU AIRPORT

BHAIRAHAWA AIRPORT TAPLEJUNG OKHALDHUNGA

SIMARA AIRPORT Legend DHANKUTA High Himal AIRPOART High Mountain Middle Mountain SSwaiwalik (Cue)(Chure) Terai Synoptic_stations (15) Precipitation Stations (337)-

Legend High Himal High Moun ta in Middle Mountain Siwalik (Chure) Terai DHM_Precipitation stations (175)

NISP_Precipitations stations (160) Climate Station (7272)) -

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Legend ") ") ") ") ") ") ") ") High Himal ") ") High Mountain Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai

") Climate_stations (72) AgroAgro--meteorological Stations (-2222))

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"6

"6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6 "6

"6 "6 Legend "6 "6

"6 6" High Himal "6 High Mountain Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai

"6 Agromet_stations (22) Sunshine Stations (17) -

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^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ _^_^ ^_ ^_ ^_ Legend ^_ High Himal High Mountain ^_ Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai ^_ Sunshine_stations (17) Wind Stations (3434)) -

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 88 88 8 8 8 888 8 8 8 8 Legend 8 8 88 8 High Himal 8 8 8 High Mountain 8 Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai 8 Wind_stations (34) Soil Temperature Stations (7) -

&3

&3 &3 &3 &3

Legend &3 High Himal &3 High Mountain Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai &3 Soiltemperature_stations (7) Evaporatation Stations (1414)) -

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Legend ")

High Himal )" High Mountain Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai ") Evaporation_stations (14) Snow Stations (77))

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x

x

x x x

Legend High Himal High Mountain Middle Mountain Siwalik (()Chure) Terai x Snow_stations (7) Hydrometric Station Network

Flood forecasting section has a network of 45 stations: •15 hydrometric stations and •30 meteorological stations Synoptic Station Automatic Weather Stations (1515))

30

DdldhDadeldhura

29 Dhangadhi

Pokhara Airport Dang 28 Kathmandu Airport

Simara 27

Biratnagar Airport

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

Meteorological Data Communication System

.. Surface and upper air data for forecasting is exchanged under GTS fRTHNDlhiIdifrom RTH , India.

Data Receiving from RTH New Delhi .. Real time data from 15 syypypnoptic station through ( HFSSB) radio or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless modem used for weather forecast & internal Exchange.Exchange.

Real time data receiving from Synoptic Station .. Since 19981998,, MFD receive various meteorological information through SADIS byyy World Area Forecast Centre (WAFS) located Barcknail, LondonLondon

Met .Information though SADIS Meteorological Data Communication System

TCP/IP Communication Future Plan

.. Installation of AWS in all synoptic stations during this year 2010 under SAARC_STORM project. .. One Doppler Weather Radar probably next year .. Two GPS Sonde Stations .. 16 telemetry rainfall stations will be installed in model basin. .. 5 telemetry water level stations will also be installed in the same model basin. .. WRF model are to be run this year for improve weather forecast as well as flood forecast Thank Y ou All f or Ki nd Att enti on

MFD Forecast FYFY--22DD Satellite86. 86.55°°EE FYFY--22DD Satellite Antenna