Review Paper
Checklist of Butterflies of Bhutan
Irungbam Jatishwor Singh1*and Meenakshi Singh Chib2
Bhutanitis ludlowi (Photo credit: Karma Wangdi)
AbstractNational Butterfly of Bhutan, species (Papilionidae (16 species), Pieridae (10 The review of literature reveals that a complete
species), Lycaenidae (38 species), Nymphalidae never been published. A few studies have been listed as rare or very rare in Indian literature, checklist on the butterfly fauna of Bhutan has which(93 species) does not and mean Hesperiidae they are (25 rare species) in Bhutan. are 120 species are protected under different currentlyconducted not on butterfliesavailable. ofThe Bhutan, present however, study schedules of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, aimsa comprehensive to provide precise list on data butterfly on the fauna known is from Bhutan are included in the protected 2002. None of the butterfly species reported presents a checklist based on the review of schedules of Forest and Nature Conservation butterfly fauna of Bhutan. This document Rules, 2006 of Bhutan except Bhutanitis apilionidae (55 ludlowi available literature on the butterflies of Bhutan.
1 2 Gabriel, 1942 (Ludlow’s Bhutan Glory). (160It comprises species), 670 Nymphalidae species; P (265 species), Mendrelgang Central School, Tsirang species), Pieridae (51 species), Lycaenidae gmail.com *Corresponding Author’s email: jatishwor.irungbam@ and Hesperiidae (139 species). Of these, 182 22 (RAP), USA and Royal Society for Protection of through participation of specialists, amateur lepidopteristsInventory research and activitiesrelevant authoritiesof butterfly faunain all parts of Bhutan is necessary and advisable. providesNature (RSPN), a brief Bhutanidea on producedthe rich diversity a butterfly of booklet which was the first of its kind which Key words: Poelbutterfly who inwas Bhutan. working The in Bumdeling booklet was Wildlife based Introduction Checklist, butterfly, Bhutan. Sanctuaryon the butterflies (BWS). encounteredHe mainly documented by Van der This is the preliminary attempt to come up with Bhutan. The booklet contains 136 species of of Bhutan. The checklist is clearly incomplete butterflies from Trasiyangtse, eastern part of butan annotated attempts checklistto provide of baselinethe butterflies’ information fauna and to generate research interest in this diverse easternbutterflies Bhutan. found in hills, mountains, and mid yet poorly known group of species. altitude valleys between 800 to 3000 m of
took pictures and collected a specimen ofIn Bhutanitis August 2009, ludlowi Karma in the Wangdi, BWS, located forester, in Studies of the butterfly fauna of Bhutan could be Bhutan’s remote Kholong Chu Valley. This found in Bingham (1905), Evans (1927, 1932), Talbot (1939, 1947), Wynter-Blyth (1957), in 75 years that the species was still present Yazaki & Kanmuri (1985) and Harada (1987a, specimen provided the first clear evidence recently,1987b). Therea few havebooklets been and series checklists of butterfly on studies in Bhutan since the early 1900s. More Sherriff.after it wasIn August first discovered 2011, some by mating two English pairs Wangchuk (2007), Singh (2012), Wangdi et al. ofbotanical B. ludlowi collectors, were Franksighted Ludlow and captured and George at (2012,butterflies 2013),Wangdi have been published;& Sherub (2012a, Van der 2012b, Poel & BWS in Bhutan by the team of researchers of et al. (2012), Dorji & Motoki Conservation Division (WCD), Ugyen Wangchuk 2014), Harada et al Institutethe Butterfly for SocietyConservation of Japan of (BSJ),Environment Wildlife Nidup(2013), (2015).Collectively BWS (2013), Dorji these(2014), works Singh gives & Chib an (UWICE) and BWS ( (2014), Singh (2014), Nidup . (2014) and Harada et al., 2012). During the survey,Bhutan the Government team also official made notoverview available of the for richBhutan. butterfly fauna of Bhutan. release, 2011; Kuenzang, 2011; However, a comprehensive list of butterflies is species and reported 130 species from Trasiyangtseopportunistic valley. observations Three species, on other Naga butterfly Giant studies were conducted in the western part of Hopper (Apostictopterus fuliginosus), Cerulean BhutanIn the pastincludes years Chukha, the majority Paro, Haa, of Thimphu, butterfly Hairstreak (Neozephyrus suroia) and Euthalia amplifascia (Wangdi, et al. 2012, 2013). BhutanPunakha andwhich Gasa reported districts. Yazaki265 species& Kanmuri of were the first records from Bhutan (1985) have studied thoroughly in western of Bhutan in the lowland forest of Sunkosh river butterflies. Later Harada (1987) also reports Arun Pratap Singh (2012) also studied butterflies have152 speciespreviously of studied. butterflies Van from der westernPoel & 2010. The study was the part of the biodiversity WangchukBhutan where (2007) Yazaki supported & Kanmuri by Conservation (1985) impactfor 18 days assessment in between for Januarythe proposed 2009 toSunkosh March Internationals Rapid Assessment Program hydroelectric power project, and the survey
23 was carried out along the Sunkosh River to
of 200 species of butterflies. Which includes diversitystudy the ofbutterfly the area. diversity, He reported identify 213 species species of Papilionidae (22sp.), Pieridae (21 sp.), Lycaenidae conservation priority and to know the butterfly Glory(49 sp.), (Bhutanitis Nymphalidae ludlowi (89) which sp.) and is protected Hesperiidae as in Schedules I and II of the Indian Wildlife (22 sp.). The presence of Ludlow’s Bhutan of butterflies of which 11 species were listed Red list as Vulnerable is an important species of of conservation priority as they were ‘RARE’ conservationNational Butterfly importance of Bhutan in BWS. and listed in IUCN’s in(Protection) occurrence Act, across 1972, their of which distribution 10 species range are in the region (Singh, 2012). These species are In 2011, Department of Science, Pale Wanderer (Pareronia avatar Mendrelgangang Central School (MCS), Tsirang Nacaduba pactolus continentalis), Prosotas aluta), Large coelestis four-), in Tsirang district as part of the conservation Lineblue ( Elymnias vasudeva vasudeva), educationhave initiated programs documentation for the ofschool butterfly students. fauna White-edgedBarred Lineblue Bushbrown ( (Mycalesis mestra retusJezebel), Great Palmfly Evening ( Brown (Melanitis zitenius zitenius), Yellow Rajah (Charaxes marmax), resultsSingh & were Chib the (2014) sightings reported of Sordid 125 species Emperor of Blackvein Sergeant (Athyma ranga ranga), Pale (butterfliesChitoria sordida from ), Tsirang. Blackvein The Sergeant most significant (Athyma Hockeystick Sailer (Neptis manasa manasa) ranga ranga), Creamy Sailer (Neptis soma and Creamy Sailer (Neptis soma soma). soma), Blue Duke (Euthalia durga durga) and Chocolate Albatross (Appias lyncida) which In 2012, UWICE, Bumthang under the were protected under different schedules of supervision of Karma Wangdi and Sherub
the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 supportpublished from three Bhutan field Foundation guides on Papilionidae,and Bhutan (amended in 2002). Singh (2014) further TrustNymphalidae Fund for and Environmental Hesperiidae withConservation financial reported 116 species of butterflies of Dzamling ofNorzoed Tsirang Community with the sighting Forest, of Tsirangfew important adding globally28 species rare at thespecies known like, butterfly Great checklistDarkie (BTFEC). These three field guide books contain (Allotinus drumila drumila), Yellow Dryad 42 species of Papilionidae, 164 species of (Aemona amathusia amathusia), Straightwing DorjiNymphalidae & Motoki and 93(2013) species also of Hesperiidae.reported the Blue (Orthomiella pontis pontis) and Great presence of the Restricted Purple Emperor Swift (Pelopidas assamensis). (Mimathyma bhavana) in Bhutan from sub- tropical evergreen forest of Chukha district. The species was reported from the Tala from Phobjikha valley and along the highway Hydroelectricity Project area. In the same area betweenDorji (2014) Phobjikha reported and80 species Wangduephodrang of butterflies the authors also encountered some rare species as part of the conservation and sustainable Athyma jina) livelihoods program taken up by RSPN. and Panther(Neurosigma siva). of butterflies; Bhutan Sergeant ( Nidup et al survey in Manas range of Royal Manas National . (2014) also conducted butterfly sanctuary.In 2009, workersThe BWS at BWSmanagement conducted plan surveys (Van which Coon (Sancus fuligo) was a new record for deron butterflyPoel & Dukpa, fauna 2013) at the reported vicinity andthe presence inside of Park (RMNP) and reported 91 species among
Bhutan. In continuation, he further reported 181
24 Comm.) were also referred for additional source few species of conservation importance. of information during the compilation. The species of butterfly from RMNP which includes a present checklist follows the common names The above mentioned surveys give a brief idea
prescribed by Evans (1932), Talbot (1939, 1947) Bhutanon the richhas diversitynever been of butterfliesproduced. inThere Bhutan. has literature.and Kehimkar The (2008)status dueon tothe unavailability rarity of the of beenBut, no a completeattempt in checklistpreparing ona standard butterflies up-to- of the common names of butterflies in Bhutanese
butterflies in the checklist is purely based on adate checklist checklist of butterflies of Bhutan. Thus, our Indian context (Evans, 1932; Talbot, 1939, 1947; aim is to fill this gap of knowledge by preparing ResultsWynter-Blyth, 1957; Kehimkar, 2008). Materialsof and the butterflies methods of Bhutan. The checklist was prepared based on review Careful analysis and verification of the available The major literature referred to during the literature on butterflies of Bhutan, the presence preparationof literature availableof the checklistfor butterflies were ofBingham Bhutan. and absence of butterflies confirmed apilionidaeoccurrence of 670 species of butterflies. These butterflies (160are represented species), Nymphalidae in 5 families (265 viz. species),P and (1905), Evans (1932), Talbot (1939, 1947), (55 species), Pieridae (51 species), Lycaenidae VanGabrial der (1942),Poel & Wangchuk Wynter-Blyth (2007), (1957), Wangdi, Yazaki et al& . Kanmuri(2012, 2013), (1985), Wangdi Harada & (1987a,Sherub 1987b),(2012a, Hesperiidae (139 species). Papilionidae (16 Hesperiidaespecies), Pieridae (25 species) (10 species), were listed Lycaenidae as rare (38 species), Nymphalidae (93 species) and 2012b, 2014), Singhet (2012),al Dorji & Motoki (2013), Dorji (2014), Singh & Chib (2014), and very rare in India (Table 1) (Evans, 1932; Singh (2014), Nidup . (2014),et Nidupal (2015), GloryTalbot, (Bhutanitis 1939, 1947;ludlowi ) Wynter-Blyth, listed as a vulnerable 1957; Smetacek (2015), Haribal (1992), Smith (1994, speciesKehimkar, in 2008).IUCN’s It Redincludes data Ludlow’sbook (Table Bhutan 1) with2006), Jigme Kehimkar Singye (2008), Wangchuk Kunte, National. (2014) Park and (JSWNP),Gasse (2014), Bumdeling The butterfly Wildlife checklists Sanctuary available (BWS, 2013) and Trasiyangtse (Piet vander Poel Pers. Bhutan(Collins is &given Morris, in Appendix 1985).The I. checklist of butterfly species that are confirmed to occur in
[IWPA = Indian Wildlife Protection Act (IWPA), 2002, International Union for Conservation ofTable Nature 1 Summary (IUCN)] of the butterflies reported from Bhutan. Rare & IWPA No. of species Sl. No. Family Threatened IUCN recorded species Sch. I Sch. II Sch. IV 1 Papilionidae 55 16 5 7 0 2 2 Pieridae 51 10 1 1 0 3 160 2 0 0 4 Nymphalidae 265 17 51 2 0 Lycaenidae 38 28 5 Hesperiidae 25 0 0 2 0 4 93 Total 670 182 25 90 5 2 139 25 Discussion Bhutan Glory (B. ludlowi) (Bhutan Government Rediscovery of rare and endangered Ludlow’s potentially rare and threatened species of Harada et Significant evidences on the presence of al. 2012), Bhutan Tree brown (Lethe margaritae) official release, 2011; Kuenzang, 2011; Papilionidaebutterflies were (16 species),obtained Pieridaeduring the (10 review species), of on the presence of new species Restricted available literature on Bhutanese butterflies. Purple(MoAF, 2012)Emperor from ( easternMimathyma Bhutan, bhavana confirmation) from species) and Hesperiidae (25 species) were Chukha district (Dorji & Motoki, 2013) and Coon listedLycaenidae as rare (38 and species),very rare Nymphalidaein India (Table (93 1) (Suncus fuligo) from RMNP (Nidup et al indicates that we have, for a long time not paid . 2014) (Evans, 1932; Talbot, 1939, 1947; Wynter-Blyth, research is done on these species despite having 1957; Kehimkar, 2008).Of which, Papilionidae any attention to this taxon. Very little scientific (11 sp.); Pieridae (6 sp.); Lycaenidae (29 sp.); der Poel & Wangchuk, 2007). Therefore, there Nymphalidae (81 sp.); and Hesperiidae (2 isa richa need diversity to undertake of about research 800-900 activities species (vanand 2002)sp.) (Appendix are protected I: †=Schedule in India I,under IWPA various 2002; Schedules¥=Schedule of II, Indian IWPA 2002;Wildlife ‡=Schedule (Protection) IV, IWPA Act, fauna in all parts of Bhutan. conduct a systematic survey of the butterfly species is not evaluated so far in Bhutan. The Thus, the present checklist will represents a 1972 (Amended in 2002) Bhutanitisbut the status ludlowi of these) is listed as vulnerable species and Kaiser-I-Hind Policy makers, relevant government or non step forward for butterfly research in Bhutan. (Ludlow’sTeinopalpus Bhutan imperialis Glory ) ( as Near Threatened international funding agencies should focus on government organizations and national and Glory (Bhutanitis lidderdalli), Brown Gorgon research activities and develop a conservation (speciesMeandrusa at IUCN’s lachinus Red List), Hannyngton’s (IUCN, 2015). BhutanApollo approach for this valuable natural treasure (Parnassius hunnyngtoni), Banded Apollo of Bhutan. This annotated checklist should (P. delphius), De Niceville’s Windmill (Byasa hopefully be useful for future research into polla) and Chinese Windmill (B.plutonius) are listed as rare and uncommon species poorly known. the butterflies of Bhutan, which are very still need to be evaluated at IUCN’s Swallowtails conservation action plan (New & Collins, Conclusion B. ludlowi) is The result of this review paper indicates the protected under the schedules of Forest Nature and1991). Conservation Ludlow’s Bhutan Rules of Glory Bhutan ( 2006 and Thus there is a need to focus on studies of this presence of rich butterfly diversity in Bhutan. . little known group of insects in Bhutan. Very This species was believed to be endemic to theis declared Trasiyangtse as National Valley, Trasiyangtse, Butterfly of Bhutaneastern Bhutan. This may be due to lack of knowledge on little work on butterflies has been conducted in Bhutan, until September 2012 (Harada et al. the topic or lack of focus on their importance in 2012). The sighting near Dirang and Sange ecosystem management in Bhutan. It should be village in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West mentioned that the occurrence and protection Kameng District (Arunachal Pradesh, NE India) limited validity for Bhutan. Some species recordedstatus of as butterflies rare or protected in India, in may India, only such have as knownat an altitude to be ofendemic 2,600 mto A.S.eastern L. represents Bhutan andthe the Pea Blue and Common Beak, are common thefirst West record Kameng outside area Bhutan. (Dutta, The et speciesal., 2015). is now in Bhutan. Timely evaluation to determine 26 or endangered species and development of which butterfly species of Bhutan are rare and/ Red Data Book. IUCN. Gland and Cambridge. vii + conserve this rich diversity. So, let’s join hands 401pp. + 8 pls. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/ andbutterfly help to conservation conserve this strategies opulent willasset help of our to thebhl.title.45485 Indian Region. de J. Niceville, asiat. Soc. C. Bengal, L. A. 1889. Pt.2. country. On new or little-known Butterflies from
Acknowledgement 57(4):273-293, pls.13, 14. The authors are thankful to Mr. Peter Smetacek, Dorji, S. and S. Motoki. 2013. Confirmation of Bhutan.the occurrence Bionotes. of Vol. butterfly 15(2): 15. Mimathyma Mr. Isaac Kehimkar, Bombay Natural History bhavana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal, (India), Phobjikha valley. Royal Society for Society of Japan, (Japan) and Mr. Shikhin B. Dorji,Protection S. 2014. of ButterfliesNature (RSPN). in and Thimphu, around Kolhe,Society, Ahmednagar, (India),Mr. (India) Saito Motoki,for their Butterflyvaluable Bhutan. 1- 163pp. suggestions and comments during the Dutta, P. K., S. Padmanabhan, S. Sondhi, M. preparation of the checklist. The authors would Saito, and K. Kunte. 2015. Bhutanitis also like to express their gratitude to Rufford ludlowi Gabriel, Foundation, UK for their funding. They are Glory. Kunte, K., P. Roy, S. Kalesh and also thankful to Mr. Chaxing Norbu, Principal, 1942 – Mystical Bhutan Mendrelgang Middle Secondary School, Tsirang of India, v. 2.10. Indian Foundation for for his unwavering support. U. Kodandaramaiah (eds.). Butterflies
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29 IUCN NE NE NE NE NE NE NE . 2012; et al IWPA IWPA 2002 =Schedule IV, IWPA IWPA =Schedule IV, ‡ . 2014; N2=Nidup, 2015a; N3=Nidup, 2015a; N2=Nidup, 2014; . et al =Schedule II, 2002; IWPA ¥ Literatures cited Literatures W3,K,P S2, BWS, W1,D2, V, H2, JSWNP, Y, S1,N1, N2, W3,K,P JSWNP, Y, S1, N2,W3,K, P Y,W3,K,P W3,K,P S1,V, Y, W3,K S2, BWS, S1, N1, N2, V, JSWNP, Y, H2, S1,N2, W3,K,P =Schedule I, 2002; IWPA † Common Names Common Bluebottle Glassy Common Bluebottle Common Jay Jay Great Jay Veined Jay Tailed Lesser Zebra . 2015; E1=Evans, 1932; E2=Evans, . 1949; 1932; 2015; G=Gabriel, E2=Evans, E1=Evans, 1942; H1=Harada et al . 2013; W3= Wangdi & Sherub, 2012a; W4=Wangdi & Sherub, 2012b; W5=Wangdi & Sherub, et al Author 1841 Westwood, & Treadaway, Page 2013 & Treadaway, Page 2014 1885 Moore, 1884 Honrath, Linnaeus, 1758 1895 Rothschild, IWPA=Indian Wildlife IWPA=Indian (Protection) Act; . 2012; W2= Wangdi et al Scientific Names Superfamily: Papilionoidea Papilionidae Family: Papilioninae Subfamily: Leptocircini Tribe: cloanthus Graphium cloanthus sarpedon sirkari Graphium doson axionides Graphium eurypylus Graphium acheron chironides Graphium chironides agamemnon Graphium agamemnon macareus Graphium indicus Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abbreviations used: Abbreviations Appendix I: Annotated checklist of Bhutanese butterflies recorded by different authors till today. different by recorded checklist of Bhutanese butterflies Appendix I: Annotated [ Evaluated; NE=Not Concern; LC=Least Threatened; NT=Near VU=Vulnerable; Nature; of Conservation for Union IUCN=International 2002; BWS=Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary; JSWNP=Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park; B=Bingham, 1905; CM=Collins & Morris, 1985; D1= Dorji & Motoki, 2013; D2= Dorji, 2014; D3=Dutta, N1=Nidup 1991; Collins, & NC=New 2008; K=Kehimkar, 1987b; H3=Harada, 1987a; Harada, H2= 2015b; 2014; G= S1= 2007; Paul, Singh, 2012; S2= Singh, 2014; & SC= Wangchuk, Singh & Poel Chib, 2014; P= Smetacek, 2015; V= Vander W1= Wangdi & Kanmuri, 1985] 2014; Y= Yazaki 30 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NT NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ SC,JSWNP, S2, W1, N1, N2, D2, SC,JSWNP, H3, S1,W3,K H2, BWS,W3,K,P Y, S1, N2,W3,K,P S2, BWS, S1, N2,W3,K,P W3,K,P H2, BWS,V, Y, S1, N2,W3,K,P P CM, NC Y,K,P, NC BWS, W1,W3,K,P,CM, Y, K, P S1, N1, SC, S2, H2, JSWNP, Y, N2,D2,V,W3,K,P H2, BWS,W3,K,P Y, H2, Y, JSWNP,BWS,S1,W1,N1,N2,D2,V,W3,K,P BWS, S1, V,W3,K SC, JSWNP, K, P S1, W3, V, H2, SC,JSWNP,S2,BWS, Y, H2, Y, V,W3,K,P BWS, W1,D2,V,W3,K,P Y, H2, BWS,D2, W3,K,P Y, S1, N1, N2, W3,K,P Great Zebra Great Spectacled Swordtail bar Swordtail Four bar Swordtail Five Six bar Swordtail Spot Swordtail Chain Swordtail Kaiser-I-Hind Gorgon Brown Gorgon Yellow Mormon Great Redbreast Tailed Redbreast Spangle Common Peacock Peacock Paris Blue Peacock Krishna Peacock Common Raven de Nicéville, 1897 de Nicéville, 1886 de Nicéville, 1843 Westwood, 1787 Fabricius, 1899 Heron, 1799 Esper, 1846 Doubleday, 1898 Rothschild, 1902 Fruhstorfer, 1845 Doubleday, Linnaeus, 1758 1857 Moore, 1865 C.& R. Felder, 1908 Fruhstorfer, 1777 Cramer, Linnaeus, 1758 1842 Westwood, 1858 Moore, 1909 Jordan,
Graphium xenocles xenocles Graphium phrontis mandarinus Graphium paphus agetes agetes Graphium antiphates Graphium pompilius eurous Graphium sikkimica nomius Graphium aristeus Graphium anticrates Teinopalpini Tribe imperialis Teinopalpus himalaicus Meandrusa lachinus lachinus evan Meandrusa payeni Papilionini Tribe memnon agenor Papilio janaka bootes Papilio alcmenor Papilio protenor Papilio euprotenor bianor Papilio paris Papilio arcturus arcturus Papilio krishna Papilio polias castor Papilio 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
31 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ † † † † JSWNP, S1, W1, N1, N2, JSWNP, H3, Y, SC, H2, Y, D2,V,W3,K,P S2, S1, N1, N2, D2, W3,K,P Y, BWS, N1,D2,V,W3,K,P JSWNP, Y,SC,S2,S1,H2, SC, BWS, S1, N1, N2, D2,V,W3,K,P Y, H2, D2,V,W3,K,P Y, H2, BWS,W3,K,P Y, P Y,W3, N2,K,P W3 BWS, S1, N1, N2, D2, W3,K,P H2, JSWNP, Y, N2,W3, K, P Y, S1,N2, W3, K, P K JSWNP,D2,P Y, S1, N2,W3, K, P SC, JSWNP, Y, H2, W3,K,P Y, BWS, W1, N1, N2,W3,K,P JSWNP, Y,SC, CM,NC P, Y,W3,K,P CM, NC H2, D2, P, Y, S2, N1,N2, K, P SC, JSWNP, Y, BWS, S1, W1,W3, K, P Y, H2, K Y, Red Helen Red Helen Yellow Common Mormon Lime Swallowtail Swallowtail Yellow Mime Tawny Lesser Mime Blue-striped Mime Blue Mime Great Common Mime Lesser Batwing Common Batwing Chinese Windmill Crimson Rose Common Rose Windmill Rose Common Windmill Windmill De Nicevilli’s Windmill Great Chinese Windmill Common Birdwing Golden Birdwing Apollo Common Red , 1858 Linnaeus, 1758 1844 Westwood, Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 1999 Goankar, 1831 Gray, Hewitson, 1864 Hewitson, 1859 Hewitson, 1852 Linnaeus, 1758 1845 Doubleday, 1842 Westwood, Klug, 1836 Linnaeus, 1758 1775 Fabricius, 1826 Donovan, 1842 Doubleday, 1897 de Nicéville, Moore 1902 Moore, 1865 C. & R. Felder, 1860 C. & R. Felder, 1879 Oberthur, dasarada dasarada Papilio helenus helenus helenus helenus Papilio chaon nephelus Papilio polytes Papilio demoleus Papilio hookeri machaon Papilio agestor agestor Papilio epycides epycides Papilio slateri slateri Papilio paradoxa Papilio telearchus clytia clytia Papilio Troidini Tribe aidoneus Atrophaneura varuna Atrophaneura astorion alcinous Atrophaneura hector Pachliopta aristolochiae Pachliopta aristolochiae latreillei Byasa latreillei Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes Byasa polla Byasa dasarada Byasa plutonius pembertoni cerbus helena Troides aeacus Troides Parnassiinae Subfamily Parnassini Tribe epaphus Parnassius 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
32 NE NE NE NE NE NE VU NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE † ¥ † ¥ SC,S2, JSWNP, BWS, W1, N1, SC,S2, JSWNP, BWS,D2,V,K JSWNP, H3, H3, W3,K,P, CM, NC W3,K,P, H3, Y, H2, BWS,D2, V, W3 H2, BWS,D2, V, Y, CM, NC Y, Y,P CM, NC Y, CM, NC, D3 H1, W1, W3, P, Y, W1,D2 H2, BWS,K Y, H2, Y, N2,D2,V,K BWS, S1, W1,N1, N2, H2, SC,S2, JSWNP, Y, V,K BWS, W1 W1 H2, BWS, JSWNP,V,K Y, S2, V Y, S2, S1, N1, N2, V,K SC, JSWNP, Y, H2, S1, W1, N1, N2, V,K Y, Y W1,H2, BWS, N2,K Y, H2, Y, S1,D2,V,K JSWNP, Y, SC, S2, S1 Y, H2, SC, S2, S1, V,K Y, N2,K Y,S1, K Common Blue Apollo Apollo Hunnyngton’s Apollo Banded Apollo Bhutan Glory Ludlow’s Bhutan Glory Bhutan Blackvein Blackvein Great Cabbage White Large Indian Cabbage White Bhutan White White Grey-veined White Green-veined Bath White Lesser Gull Common Gull Jezebel Broadwing Jezebel Pale Hill Jezebel Jezebel Red-base Jezebel Red-breast Jezebel Red-Spot Jezebel Yellow Common Jezebel , 1846 , 1916 , 1831 Gray Avinoff 1922 Avinoff, 1843 Eversmann, 1873 Atkinson, Gabriel, 1942 1892 de Nicéville, 1831 Gray, Doubleday 1926 Evans, 1939 Talbot, 1908 Verity, Linnaeus 1758 1907 Rober, Lucas, 1852 1775 Fabricius, 1937 Talbot, 1937 Talbot, 1793 Fabricius, Linnaeus, 1767 1867 Wallace, 1910 Fruhstorfer, Hewitson, 1852 1773 Drury, hardwickii hardwickii hunnyngtoni Parnassius Parnassius Parnassius pundit acdestis Parnassius delphius Parnassius Zerynthini Tribe lidderdalii Bhutanitis lidderdalii ludlowi Bhutanitis Pieridae Family Pierinae Subfamily Pierini Tribe harrietae harrietae Aporia agathon agathon Aporia nepalensis Pieris brassicae indica Pieris canidia bhutya Pieris extensa montana Pieris erutae Pieris napi moorei daplidice Pontia nadina Cepora nerissa phryne Cepora parva lativitta Delias bhutya sanaca Delias belladonna Delias pasithoe pasithoe Delias pyramus acalis Delias descombesi Delias leucaeantha agostina agostina Delias eucharis Delias 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
33 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ‡ ¥ ¥ ¥ SC, S2, BWS, S1, N1, N2, V,K S2, S1, N1, N2,D2, K H3, H3, BWS S1 Y, Y, H2, SC,N2,K Y, H2, SC,BWS, S1, N1, N2,D2, K Y, S1 SC H2, SC, BWS, S1,K Y, N2,K K H2, SC, S2, S1, N1 Y, S1, JSWNP SC, H2, S2, BWS, W1, N1, JSWNP, Y, N2,D2,V,K Y, JSWNP BWS JSWNP, S1, W1, N2,K S1, N2,K W1, N1, N2, V,K Y,S1, BWS, S1, W1, N1, N2,D2,V,K Y,H2, SC, BWS, N2,K H2, BWS Y, Dark Jezebel Dark Jezebel Painted Sawtooth Spotted Striped Albatross Albatross Chocolate Common Albatross Lesser Albatross Spot Puffin Plain Puffin Albatross Orange Psyche Orangetip White Orangetip Yellow Orangetip Great Crimsontip Small Orangetip Wanderer Pale Common Wanderer Common/Lemon Emigrant Mottled Emigrant Sulphur Tailed Plain Sulphur Moore 1872 Moore Hubner 1818 1842 Doubleday, 1775 Fabricius, 1836 Boisduval, 1865 C. & R. Felder, 1905 Moore, 1842 Doubleday, 1857 Moore, 1867 Wallace, 1793 Fabricius, 1779 Cramer, 1867 Wallace, Linnaeus, 1758 1775 Fabricius, 1836 Boisduval, 1858 Moore, 1787 Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, Linnaeus, 1758 1905 Moore, 1842 Doubleday Delias berinda Delias hierte hyparete Delias thestylis Prioneris thestylis libythea Appias lyncida eleonora Appias albina darada Appias paulina adamsoni Appias lalage lalage Appias indra Appias nero Appias nina Leptosia Colotini Tribe Ixias marianne pirenassa Ixias pyrene glaucippe Hebomoia glaucippe danae Colotis etrida Colotis avatar avatar Pareronia hippa valeria Pareronia Coliadinae Subfamily pomona Catopsilia pomona pyranthe Catopsilia pyranthe verhuelli Dercas doubledayi lycorias Dercas 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
34 NE NE NE LC NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ SC, S2, BWS, S1, W1,N1, N2, V,K BWS, W1, N2,D2,V,K SC, JSWNP, H3, H3, K N1,N2, D2,V, SC, S1, S2, JSWNP, K BWS, S1, V, SC,S2, JSWNP, JSWNP, BWS, V, K BWS, V, JSWNP, JSWNP, BWS,D2,V,K JSWNP, H2, H2, JSWNP, BWS, V, K BWS, V, JSWNP, BWS, V JSWNP, K BWS, V, JSWNP, K BWS, V, Y, H2,D2, K Y, H2 Y, S1, N1, N2,K H3, BWS, V H2, SC, JSWNP, Y, N1, N2,D2, K Y, N1 JSWNP, H2, Y, H2, SC, S2, BWS, S1, W1, N1, N2, V,K Y, H2, Y, BWS Y, H2, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, K JSWNP, Y, SC, S1, K Y, S2 S1, N1, N2, K S2 Common Brimstone Lesser Brimstone Yellow Tree Yellow Small Grass Yellow Spotless Grass Yellow One-spot Grass Yellow Grass Chocolate Yellow Grass Three-spot Yellow Common Grass Clouded Yellow Dark Clouded Yellow Pale Punchinello Lesser Punch Punch Tailed Punch Orange Punch Mixed Striped Punch Common Punch Judy Dark Judy Tailed Spot Judy Plum Judy Columbine Doubleday, 1847 Doubleday, 1857 Gistel, 1906 Moore, 1867 Wallace, 1906 Moore, 1886 Moore, Horsfield, 1829 1867 Wallace, Linnaeus, 1758 Menetris, 1855 Esper 1805 1780 Cramer, Hewitson, 1865 1912 Fruhstorfer, 1851 Westwood, 1865 Moore, Hewitson, 1865 1844 Kollar, 1851 Westwood, Hewitson, 1861 1886 de Nicéville, 1790 Stoll, 1876 Butler, Gonepteryx rhamni Gonepteryx rhamni nepalensis Gonepteryx mahaguru mahaguru harina assamica Gandaca rubella brigitta Eurema sikkima laeta Eurema andersonii Eurema andersonii sari Eurema blanda silhetana Eurema hecabe hecabe Eurema fieldii fieldii Colias erate Colias Lycaenidae Family Riodininae Subfamily Hamearini Tribe indicus flegyas Zemeros Dodona dipoea venox Dodona eugenes Dodona egeon Dodona ouida adonira Dodona adonira Dodona durga Riodinini Tribe fylla Abisara neophron Abisara neophron chela chela Abisara echerius Abisara Euselasiini Tribe nymphidia Stiboges Poritiinae Subfamily 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
35 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ † ¥ ¥ ¥ SC, K BWS, S1, N1, N2,K S2,K S2,K K H3, S1, K H2, S1, S2, BWS, K Y,JSWNP,N2,K S1 Y S2 Y, S2, BWS,K JSWNP, S1,K JSWNP, K N1 JSWNP, S1 S1, N2, K K S2, BWS, N1, V, Y,JSWNP, Y,K K Y,S1, K JSWNP, Common Gem Common Brownie Darkie Great Mottle Dark Pierrot Forest Apefly Sunbeam Bright Sunbeam Angled Sunbeam Toothed Blue Spotted Great Blue Straightwing Dingy Lineblue Four-Lineblue Large Four-Lineblue Pale Six-Lineblue Transparent Opaque Six-Lineblue Lineblue Barred Common Lineblue Lineblue Bhutya Lineblue Tailless Lineblue Pointed Moore, 1865 Moore, 1891 Doherty, 1865 Moore, 1891 Doherty, Druce, 1875 1851 Westwood, 1851 Westwood, Evans,1954 1879 Moore, 1876 Oberthur, 1887 Elwes, 1883 de Nicéville, 1916 Fruhstorfer, 1916 Fruhstorfer, 1916 Fruhstorfer, 1916 Fruhstorfer, & de Wood-Mason 1886 Nicéville, 1874 Moore, 1883 de Nicéville, 1925 Evans, 1884 Moore, Tribe Poritiini Tribe hewitsoni Poritia hewitsoni Miletinae Subfamily Miletini Tribe Miletus chinensis assamensis drumila Allotinus massalia distanti Logania Tarakini Tribe hamada Taraka Spalgini Tribe epeus Spalgis bulis Curetis naga acuta Curetis dentata dentata Curetis Lycaeninae Subfamily Polyommatini Tribe atroguttata Phengaris pontis Orthomiella dana Petrelaea pactolus Nacaduba continentalis hermus nabo Nacaduba euplea kurava Nacaduba gythion beroe Nacaduba coelestis aluta Prosotas ardates nora Prosotas bhutea bhutea Prosotas dubiosa indica Prosotas helicon Ionolyce merguiana 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
36 LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE SC, S2, BWS, S1, V, K SC, S2, BWS, S1, V, H3, K S2,N2, K S2, BWS, S1, K SC, JSWNP, K S1, N1, V, JSWNP, H2 Y, K S2, BWS, S1, N2, V, SC, JSWNP, Y, Y H2,SC, S1, K Y, S1,N2 K S2, BWS, S1, N1, N2,D2,V, SC, JSWNP, Y, H2, SC, S2, BWS, S1, V,K Y, SC, S2, BWS, S1, N1, N2,V,K Y, K S1, K SC, JSWNP, H2, Y, K K K BWS, V, H2,JSWNP, Y, K BWS, S1, N1, V, S1, N1, N2, K K K K S1, N1, N2, K H2, SC, BWS, V Y, K BWS,N2,V, H2,JSWNP, Y, Angled Pierrot Angled Pierrot Elbowed Cerulean Dark Common Cerulean Cerulean Glistening Metallic Cerulean Cerulean White Forget-me-not Forget-me-not Silver Blue Pea Blue Zebra Common Pierrot Pierrot Dark Blue Grass Dark Blue Grass Pale Blue Lesser Grass Blue Grass Tiny Cupid Chapman’s Indian Cupid Quaker Quaker Forest Babul Blue Bright African Babul Blue Malayan Hill Hedge Blue Hedge Blue Large Hewitson, 1876 1916 Fruhstorfer, 1782 Stoll, 1775 Cramer, Godart, 1824 1860 Felder, 1886 Moore, 1793 Fabricius, 1860 Felder, Linnaeus, 1767 1793 Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, 1883 de Nicéville, 1865 Moore, 1884 Kollar, 1787 Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, 1943 Lorkovié, 1915 Tytler, 1870 Butler, 1919 Fruhtorfer, 1782 Stoll, Guerin & Mineville, 1847 1884 Moore, 1883 de Nicéville, 1925 Evans,
Caleta decidia Caleta noliteia elna Caleta bochus bochus Jamides celeno celeno Jamides elpis Jamides alecto Jamides pura Jamides strabo Catochrysops panormus Catochrysops boeticus Lampides plinius Leptotes rosimon rosimon Castalius ananda Tarucus karsandra Zizeeria maha Pseudozizeeria maha Zizina otis Zizula hylax tibetanus argiades Everes lacturnus assamica Everes zalmora Neopithecops zalmora corvus Pithecops ubaldus Azanus jesous Azanus sikkima Megisba malaya argiolus Celastrina jynteana huegelii Celastrina oreoides 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165
37 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE BWS, V V,K H3, H3, Y, H2, SC, BWS, S1, V Y, Y Y,K K SC, BWS, N1, V, S2, BWS, S1,D2,V SC, JSWNP, Y, H2,BWS,D2,K Y, H2, Y, Y K BWS, V, E1 S1, K K Y S1,K JSWNP, S1,K JSWNP, H2, BWS,D2,V,K Y, N2 S2, BWS, S1, N1, N2, V,K SC, JSWNP, Y, E1 BWS,K SC, JSWNP, BWS,D2 H2, Y, BWS, V,K JSWNP, Y, Plain Hedge Blue Hedge Blue White-disc Hedge White-banded Blue Hedge Blue Margined Common Hedge Blue Hedge Blue Pale Albocerulean Hedge Narrow-bordered Blue Blue Gram Mountain Blue Azure Lime Blue Plains Cupid Jewel Small Grass Blue Ciliate Blue Ciliate Pointed Common Copper Copper White-bordered Common Purple Sapphire Blue Sapphire Eastern Golden Sapphire Sapphire Azure Sapphire Green Sapphire Green Powdery Moore, 1879 Moore, 1883 Moore, 1879 Moore, 1884 de Nicéville, 1910 Fruhstorfer, 1879 Moore, 1879 Moore, Druce, 1895 1798 Fabricius, 1882 Elwes, 1780 Stoll, Horsfield, 1829 1844 Kollar, Godart, 1823 Hewitson, 1878 1924 Ford, 1848 Kollar, 1908 Fruhstorfer, Hewitson, 1865 1857 Moore, Hewitson, 1865 1851 Westwood, 1844 Kollar, Celastrina lavendularis lavendularis Celastrina limbata carna albidisca Celastrina transpectus Lestranicus marginata Celatoxia puspa gisca Acytolepis dilecta Udara albocaerulea Udara placidula Udara cnejus Euchrysops asiatica Albulina lajus Chilades pandava pandava Chilades putli Freyeria emolus Anthene lycaenina Anthene lycambes Lycaenini Tribe phlaeas flavens Lycaena pavana Lycaena indicus epicles Heliophorus oda Heliophorus brahma Heliophorus brahma moorei Heliophorus androcles Heliophorus tamu tamu Heliophorus Aphnaeini Tribe 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188
38 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ S1,K K E1 K S1,S2, K Y, Y H2, K Y, Y E1 Y, Y,BWS E1 Y, BWS S1 K, H BWS K S1,K S1, N1, N2,K K S1,K JSWNP, N1, N2,K K SC, K SC, N1, K Common Silverline Silverline Silver-grey Silverline Silver-red Club Silverline Long-banded Silverline Hairstreak Dull-green Indian Purple Hairstreak Hairstreak Crooked Hairstreak Intermediate Bhutan Hairstreak Hairstreak Kumaon Assamese Hairstreak Hairstreak Silver Hairstreak Metallic Green Cerulean Hairstreak Hairstreak Silver Bushblue Aberrant Centaur Western Oakblue Dull Oakblue Hewitson’s Indian Oakblue Oakblue Large Oakblue Yellow-disc Oakblue Powdered Oakblue Green Fabricius, 1777 Fabricius, 1884 Moore, 1888 de Nicéville, 1884 Moore, 1884 Moore, 1874 Moore, 1889 de Nicéville, 1986 Murayama, 1915 Tytler, 1957 Howart, 1910 Hannyngton, 1915 Tytler, 1915 Tytler, Hewitson, 1869 1915 Tytler, 1844 Kollar, 1923 Riley, 1847 Doubleday, Hewitson, 1869 Hewitson, 1862 1886 Swinhoe, 1885 de Nicéville, Hewitson, 1862 1780 Cramer, Spindasis vulcanus vulcanus Spindasis vulcanus nipalicus Spindasis rukma Spindasis peguanus syama Spindasis lohita Spindasis himalayanus Theclini Tribe icana Esakiozephyrus mandara Esakiozephyrus dohertyi camurius Esakiozephyrus camurius Chrysozephyrus intermedius Chrysozephyrus bhutanensis triloka Chrysozephyrus assamicus Chrysozephyrus assamica Chrysozephyrus duma Chrysozephyrus suroia Neozephyrus syla Neozephyrus abseus indicus Arhopala pseudocentaurus Arhopala oenea Arhopala atrax Arhopala paella amantes Arhopala singla Arhopala bazalus Arhopala eumolphus Arhopala eumolphus 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212
39 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ E1 K H2, BWS,K E1 K BWS, K BWS,K K Y K K K K K K N1, N2,K Y,S1, K K SC, BWS,N2, K S1, N2, K S1, E1 K S1, N1, N2,K K SC, K S1,K Y, K Centaur Oakblue Oakblue Hooked Oakblue Himalayan Dark Bhutan Oakblue Spotless Oakblue Bushblue Tailless Dusky Bushblue Burmese Bushblue Comic Oakblue Shining Plushblue Plushblue Variegated Plushblue Spangled Chinese Plushblue Plushblue Tailless Saffron Blue Common Acacia Blue Acacia Silverstreak Blue Silverstreak Common Tinsel Yamfly Yamfly Branded Common Onyx Common Imperial Imperial Truncate Blue Imperial Royal White Blue Royal Dark Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, 1883 de Nicéville, 1842 Kollar, 1957 Evans, & Godfrey, Riley 1921 1857 Moore, 1882 de Nicéville, 1883 Moore, 1900 de Nicéville, Hewitson, 1865 1883 de Nicéville, 1883 de Nicéville, C. & R. Felder,1865 Hewitson, 1862 Hewitson, 1869 1857 Moore, 1887 de Nicéville, 1790 Stoll, Druce, 1895 1912 Fruhstorfer, Hewitson, 1863 1857 Moore, 1965 Cowan, 1887 de Nicéville, 1857 Moore, 1883 Moore, 1925 Evans, Arhopala centaurus centaurus Arhopala paramuta Arhopala paramuta rama rama Arhopala curiosa Arhopala fulla ignara Arhopala ganesa Arhopala paraganesa Arhopala birmana Arhopala birmana comica Arhopala Flos fulgida Flos adriana Flos asoka Flos chinensis Flos areste massyla Mota quercetorum Surendra quercetorum distorta Zinaspa todara timoleon Iraota major major Catapaecilma atymnus Loxura continentalis tripunctata Yasoda onyx onyx Horaga evansi freja Cheritra truncipennis Cheritrella acte Ticherra lila deva Pratapa extensa icetas Pratapa 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239
40 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ † ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ S1,K Y, K BWS BWS,K K K K K S1, S2,BWS, N1, N2,K Y,BWS,D2,V,K K S1,N2, K Y,BWS, N2, K H2, BWS,D2,V,K Y, SC, S1, S2, N1, N2,K SC, S1,K K K K K K Y,S1,K N2, K S1,K S1,K BWS Y, H2,SC, BWS, V,K Y, Peacock Royal Peacock Royal White Royal White Scarce Royal Spotted Royal White-banded Royal Broadtail Banded Royal Mandarin Blue Royal Chocolate Bi-spot Royal Royal Silver Common Tit Tit Orchid Blue Tit Fluffy Tit Cornelian Blue Common Guava Blue Guava Large Flash Green Spark Narrow Plane Indigo Flash Flash Slate Copper Flash Flash Indian Red Short Flash Common Flash Fabricius, 1798 Fabricius, Hewitson, 1869 1890 de Niceville Hewitson, 1865 Hewitson, 1865 Godart, 1824 1883 Moore, Hewitson, 1863 1865 Moore, Hewitson, 1865 1912 Fruhstorfer, 1912 Fruhstorfer, Hewitson, 1865 Hewitson, 1869 Hewitson, 1865 1912 Fruhstorfer, 1793 Fabricius, Hewitson, 1863 Linnaeus, 1771 Horsfield, 1829 1793 Fabricius, Hewitson, 1863 Hewitson, 1863 Hewitson, 1863 1787 Fabricius, 1889 de Nicéville, 1897 Swinhoe,
Tajuria cippus Tajuria illurgis Tajuria illurgoides Tajuria maculate Tajuria cotys Dacalana cleobis Creon indra jalindra Rachana mandarinus Charana ravata jangala Remelana ctesia ctesia Ancema minturna blanka Ancema Hypolycaena erylusavantus Chliaria othona Chliaria kina amasa Zeltus Deudorix epijarbas amatius isocrates Virachola perse Virachola eryxArtipe eryx nasaka Sinthusa phocides Bindahara phocides orseis varuna Rapala manea Rapala petosiris pheretima Rapala iarbus Rapala buxaria Rapala Bidaspa nissa ranta Nymphalidae Family Danainae Subfamily 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266
41 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE ‡ ¥ ¥ SC, JSWNP, S2, BWS, S1, N1, D2, W4,K SC, JSWNP, S1, N2,D2, W4,K SC, JSWNP. SC, BWS, S1, N1, N2,D2,V,W4,K W4, K S1, N2, V, JSWNP, SC,JSWNP,S1,S2, SC,JSWNP,S1,S2, BWS,W4,K S2,BWS, S1, N2, D2, W4 N2, K BWS, S1,N2,W4, K K H2, H3, H2, H2, Y, BWS,N1,N2,D2,V,W4,K JSWNP Y, H2, Y, H2, Y, Y, BWS, S1, N1, N2, V,W4,K SC, JSWNP, Y, Y, W4 S2,S1, N2,D2,V,W4,K SC, JSWNP, Y, Y N2, W4, K S2,BWS, S1, N1, N2, V, SC, JSWNP, Y, S1, K JSWNP, Y, H2, Y, S1, N2, K K SC, S1,K Y, H2, Y, H2, SC, S2, N2,K Y BWS, S1, W2, N1,N2, W4, K SC, JSWNP, Y, Glassy Tiger Glassy Tiger Glassy Dark Chestnut Tiger Chestnut Tiger Talbot’s Tiger Chocolate Blue Tiger Blue Tiger Dark Common Tiger Tiger White Plain Tiger Tiger Blue Glassy Crow Double-branded Striped Blue Crow Blue Crow Spotted King Crow Magpie Crow Striped Black Crow Blue Crow Long-branded Common Indian Crow Common Beak Club Beak Beak European Brown Common Evening Moore, 1883 Moore, 1883 Moore, 1844 Kollar, 1943 Talbot, 1910 Fruhstorfer, 1880 Moore, 1874 Butler, 1779 Cramer, 1777 Cramer, Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 1865 C. & R. Felder, 1777 Cramer, Linnaeus, 1758 Horsfield & Moore, 1857 1793 Fabricius, 1865 . & R. Felder, 1848 Westwood, 1780 Cramer, 1857 Moore, 1898 Fruhstorfer, Laicharting 1782 1775 Cramer, C Tribe Danaini Tribe aglea Parantica melanoides agleoides Parantica sita Parantica pedonga Parantica melaneus Parantica plantenston Tirumala limniace Tirumala septentrionis Danaus genutia Danaus melanippus Danaus chrysippus Ideopsis similis Euploeini Tribe sylvester Euploea mulciber Euploea midamus Euploea klugii Euploea radamanthus Euploea doubledayi Euploea deione algea Euploea core core Euploea Libytheinae Subfamily lepita lepita Libythea myrrha Libythea sanguinalis celtis Libythea Satyrinae Subfamily Satyrini Tribe leda ismene Melanitis 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
42 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ K SC, W4 N2, W4, K S1,K S1, S2,N2,V,W4, K S1, S2,N2,V,W4, S1,K N2 W4,K BWS, W2,D2,V, W4 W4,K W4 V, SC, S1, N1, N2, W4, K S2,S1,W4, K K SC, BWS, S1,N2,W4,K H2, BWS,W4,K S1,N2 S1,N2, W4, K K SC, S2,V,W4, Y, H2, SC, S2,N1,N2, W4, K BWS,W4, K S1,W4, K K BWS, V,W4, H2, K Y, Y, BWS, Y, Y, Y, W4,K BWS,D2,V, E1 E1 Y, W4,K Dark Evening Brown Evening Dark Brown Evening Great Brown Evening Scarce Common Palmfly Palmfly Spotted Blue-striped Palmfly Jezebel Palmfly Bushbrown Whitebar Lilacine Bushbrown Common Bushbrown Bushbrown Darkbrand Bushbrown Longbrand Wood-Mason’s Bushbrown Bushbrown White-edged Bushbrown Moore’s Bushbrown Whiteline Bushbrown Blindeye Lepcha Bushbrown Bushbrown Bright-Eyed Kaiser Yellow Common Woodbrown Small Woodbrown Woodbrown Barred Woodbrown Yellow Mystic Spotted Dismal Mystic Small Silverfork Moeller’s Silverfork Moore, 1857 Moore, Herbst, 1796 1887 de Nicéville, 1773 Drury, Hewitson, 1863 1851 Westwood, 1857 Moore, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1857 Moore, 1798 Fabricius, Linnaeus, 1767 1857 Moore, Mason &de Wood 1883 Nicéville, Hewitson, 1862 1857 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1780 Stoll, 1880 Moore, 1850 Westwood, 1845 Doubleday, Hewitson, 1863 1887 de Nicéville, 1880 de Nicéville, Hewitson, 1863 1887 Elwes, 1897 de Nicéville, 1880 de Nicéville, 1887 Elwes, Melanitis phedima bela phedima bela Melanitis zitenius zitenius Melanitis janetae Cyllogenes Elymnias hypermnestra undularis Elymnias malelas Elymnias patna Elymnias vasudeva vasudeva anaxias aemate Mycalesis francisca Mycalesis sanatana perseus blasieus Mycalesis mineus Mycalesis visala Mycalesis suaveolens Mycalesis mestra Mycalesis heri Mycalesis malsara Mycalesis mamerta Mycalesis lepcha lepcha Mycalesis nicotia Mycalesis lisarda Penthema sidonis Lethe nicetella Lethe maitryaLethe nicetas Lethe tristigmata Lethe lyneus ocellata Lethe jalaurida Lethe moelleri Lethe 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317
43 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ † ¥ † † ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ † ¥ ¥ SC, JSWNP, S1, S2,BWS, N1, D2, W4, K SC, JSWNP, BWS, W2, SC, S1, JSWNP, BWS, V, W4 BWS, V, D2, W4, K W4 BWS, W4,K H2, H2, W4 BWS, W2, W4,K W4,K BWS, V, BWS, W2,D2, W4, K D2, W4 W4,K D2,V,W4 Y, Y, Y, E1 H2, E1 Y, S1,K K S1, S2,BWS, W2, V,W4, SC, JSWNP, Y, SC, S2,S1,W4, K W4, K W4 Y, K Y, N2, W4, K SC, K K S2,BWS, V,W4, K BWS, V,W4, K W4 W4 Y, K N1,N2,D2,V,W4, Y, W4 H2, W4,K JSWNP, H2, Y, H2, Y, BWS,W4 Y, Small Goldenfork Goldenfork Large Lilacfork Lilacfork Scarce Silverstripe Treble Silverstripe Single Banded Treebrown Bamboo Treebrown Common Treebrown Forester Common Red Forester Red Angled Bhutan Treebrown Common Forester Forester Dark Forester Brown Black Forester Bamboo Forester Forester Red Tailed Blue Forester Forester Pale Dull Forester Forester Rusty Straight-banded Treebrown Labyrinth Veined Labyrinth Assam Veined Labyrinth Scarce Labyrinth Tailed Dusky Labyrinth Chumbi Wall Wall Tawny Large Wall Small Tawny Hewitson, 1876 1947 Talbot, 1849 Doubleday, 1892 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1888 de Nicéville, 1898 Aurivillius, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1787 Fabricius, 1857 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1882 Elwes, Hewitson, 1863 1886 de Nicéville, 1947 Talbot, 1859 C. Felder, 1857 Moore, Hewitson, 1863 1857 Moore, Hewitson, 1863 1887 de Nicéville, 1857 Moore, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1865 Moore, 1892 Moore, 1924 Evans, 1865 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1892 Moore, 1849 Doubleday, 1867 Butler, Lethe atkinsonia Lethe gana goalpara Lethe sura Lethe gammiei dura Lethe baladeva Lethe ramadeva Lethe confusa confusa Lethe niladana europa Lethe rohria rohria Lethe mekara mekara Lethe chandica Lethe margaritae Lethe isana dinarbus Lethe brisanda Lethe bhutya serbonis Lethe vindhya Lethe kansa Lethe sinorix Lethe scanda Lethe latiaris Lethe gulnihal Lethe bhairava Lethe sintica verma Lethe Neope pulaha Neope pulahoides Neope pulahina Neope bhadra yama Neope yama Chonala masoni satricus Rhaphicera moorei Rhaphicera 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348
44 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ † ¥ SC, JSWNP,S1,S2,BWS, N1,N2, V, W4, N1,N2, V, SC, JSWNP,S1,S2,BWS, JSWNP, BWS,N2,V, W4, K BWS,N2,V, JSWNP, SC, V H2, JSWNP, BWS, W4, K JSWNP, K JSWNP,W4, V JSWNP,W4, K JSWNP,W4, W4,K BWS, W2,W4 SC,S1, N1, N2,W4, K Y, K Y, H2, K W4, K JSWNP, N1, K Y, K H3, Y, W4 BWS, V, Y K Y Y BWS G, E1 W4 G, E1 K BWS, V,W4, Y, Y, G, E1 G, E1 Tigerbrown Dusky Diadem Owl Yellow Nigger Striped Ringlet Three-ring Large Three-ring Newar Common Three-ring Common Four-ring Four-ring Jewel Common Five-ring Five-ring Himalayan Four-ring Himalayan Five-ring Straight Manipur Fivering Five- Himalayan West ring Four-ring White Confusing Three-ring Plain Three-Ring Mottled Argus Common Argus Argus Pallid Ringed Argus Argus Hybrid Mountain Satyr Satyr Narrow-banded Gray, 1846 Gray, 1857 Moore, 1850 Westwood, 1775 Fabricius, Hewitson, 1862 1844 Kollar, & Edwards, Elwes 1893 Klug, 1832 1871 Kirby, 1882 Moore, 1775 Fabricius, 1858 Moore, Eliot, 1987 1782 Cramer, & Edwards, Elwes 1893 1874 Moore, Hewitson, 1865 & Shima Shirozu 1977 1889 de Niceville, 1857 Moore, 1882 Moore, 1882 Moore, Seitz, 1908 1880 Butler, Seitz, 1908 1844 Blanchard, Orinoma damaris himachala Ethope Neorina hilda Orsotriaena medus meudus crisilda Ragadia nareda Ypthima newara Ypthima asterope Ypthima huebneri Ypthima avanta Ypthima baldus Ypthima sakra sakra Ypthima parasakra Ypthima lisandra Ypthima persimilis Ypthima nikaea Ypthima ceylonica Ypthima confusa Ypthima lycus Ypthima narasingha Ypthima nirmala Callerebia opima scanda Callerebia annada Callerebia hybrida Callerebia pumilus bicolor Paroeneis brahminus Aulocera 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374
45 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE † † ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ JSWNP, BWS, W2, V,W4 JSWNP, W4 BWS, D2,V,W4, K BWS, D2,V,W4, W4 H2, S1, W4,K W4, K H2, H3, Y, H2, Y, BWS,D2,V,W4 a misidentified species, species Y (Probably China & Tibet West through is distributed & Kanmuri, 1985)) (Yazaki Y, S1, K K W4 S2, K K W4, K K N2, K JSWNP, Y, K K K K, N3 H2, S2, SC, Y, Great Satyr Great Doherty’s Satyr Common Satyr Satyr Striated Freak Common Faun Faun Large Faun Pallid Dryad Yellow Jungle-queen Chocolate Northern Jungle-queen Kohinoor Jungle-Glory Common Duffer Duffer Great Blue Caliph Caliph Red Coster Tawny Coster Yellow Moore, 1892 Moore, 1886 Doherty, 1844 Kollar, 1892 Moore, 1890 Oberthur, 1857 Moore, 1826 Hubner, 1773 Drury, 1895 de Nicéville, Hewitson, 1867 1851 Westwood, 1848 Westwood, 1847 Doubleday, 1845 Doubleday, 1851 Westwood, 1850 Westwood, 1851 Westwood, 1845 Doubleday, 1793 Fabricius, 1819 Hubner, Aulocera padma chumbica padma chumbica Aulocera loha Aulocera swaha swaha Aulocera saraswati Aulocera sybillina Aulocera Calinaginae Subfamily buddha Calinaga Amathusiinae Subfamily Faunidini Tribe canens Faunis eumeus Faunis faunula Melanocyme faunoloides amathusia Aemona Stichophthalma nourmahal camadeva Stichophthalma Amathusiini Tribe amythaon Amathuxidia Thaumantis diores Discophorini Tribe zal sondaica Discophora timora Discophora Enispe cycnus Enispe euthymius Acraeinae Subfamily Acraeini Tribe violae Acraea issoria Acraea Cethosiini Tribe 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394
46 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ K K K K K K K S2,JSWNP, BWS,N2, D2,V, BWS,N2, D2,V, S2,JSWNP, K K JSWNP,S1, S2,BWS, W2, JSWNP,S1, JSWNP,S1, S2,BWS, W4, JSWNP,S1, JSWNP, BWS,D2,V,W4, JSWNP, K K JSWNP,S2,BWS, S1,N2, W4, JSWNP,S2,BWS, S2,N1,N2, W4, S2,BWS, S1, N1, N2, W4, W4 JSWNP,S2,BWS, W2,D2,V, W4, W2,D2,V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, JSWNP, BWS, S1,N2,V, W4 BWS, S1,N2,V, JSWNP, JSWNP,S2,S1,N2,W4, H3, H2, H3, W4 Y, SC, Y, SC, Y, S1,N2, W4, S1, N1,N2,V, H2, H3, SC, S1, Y, W2, W4, Y, Y, H2, Y, G, E1 SC, K BWS, S1,N2,W4, SC, SC, Y, BWS, S1, W4 Y, H2, H3, SC, Y, N1,N2, D2,V H2, SC, Y, H2, BWS, W2, W4 Red Lacewing Red Lacewing Leopard Castor Angled Common Castor Indian Fritillary Silverstripe Large Queen of Spain Fritillary Gem Silverspot Mountain Silverspot Common Leopard Rustic Vagrant Cruiser Yeoman Large Common Yeoman Fritillary Blackvein Common Jester Jester Spotted Bluetail Jester Fruhstorfer, 1912 Fruhstorfer, 1770 Drury, Fruhstorfer,1899 1777 Cramer, Linnaeus, 1763 1831 Gray, 1846 Doubleday, 1881 Butler, 1882 Elwes, 1773 Drury, 1776 Sulzer, 1844 Kollar, 1793 Fabricius, 1847 Doubleday, 1872 Moore, 1901 Moore, 1875 Moore, 1874 Moore, 1872 Moore,
lotis
Cethosia biblis tisamena Cethosia cyane cyane Cethosia Nymphalinae Subfamily Biblidini Tribe ariadne Ariadne pallidor merione Ariadne Argynnini Tribe hyperbius Argyreus hyperbius childreni Childrena childreni isaea Issoria lathonia Issoria gemmata Kuekenthaliella altissima Heliconiinae Tribe phalantha Phalanta phalantha erymanthis Cupha sinha egista Vagrans erota Vindula erota aoris Cirrochroa mithila tyche Cirrochroa Nymphalini Tribe arcesia Melitaea sikkimensis lilaea Symbrenthia khasiana hypselis Symbrenthia cotanda niphanda Symbrenthia niphanda 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413
47 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE † ¥ K K K K K K K K S2,JSWNP,BWS, W2,N2, S2,JSWNP,BWS, JSWNP,S1, S2,BWS, W2,D2,V, S2,BWS, W2,D2,V, JSWNP,S1, W2,N2, JSWNP,S1,S2,BWS, S1, W2,N2, JSWNP,S2,BWS, K JSWNP, BWS, S1,N2, D2,V, W4, BWS, S1,N2, D2,V, JSWNP, S1, N1,N2,V, W4, S1, N1,N2,V, BWS, S1, W2,N2, D2,V, JSWNP,S2, N2,W4 JSWNP,S2, K K W4, K S1,N2,V, W4, S1,N2,V, K K JSWNP,S2,S1, N1, N2, D2,V, W4, N1, N2, D2,V, JSWNP,S2,S1, K K S1,N1, N2,V, W4, S1,N1, N2,V, S1,N2,W4, JSWNP,S2,BWS, JSWNP, BWS, V, JSWNP, H2, BWS, W2, W4 SC, S2, V, Y,W4, W4 V, W4 H2, H3,SC, S1, Y, W4, D2,V, W4, BWS, S1, W2, V, Y,JSWNP, H2, D2,W4 Y, H2, H3, SC, Y, W4, H2, H3, SC, Y, D2,V, H2, SC, Y, Y, H2, H3, SC, Y, W4, D2,V, H2, SC, Y, SC, Y, SC, H2, SC, Y, W4, BWS, W4 Y, BWS, W2 SC, JSWNP, H2, SC, Y, K Himalayan Jester Himalayan Common Jester Beauty Camberwell Ladak Tortoiseshell Small Tortoiseshell Indian Tortoiseshell Blue Admiral Comma Eastern Nepal Comma Lady Painted Admiral Indian Red Pansy Yellow Blue Pansy Lemon Pansy Pansy Peacock Pansy Grey Pansy Chocolate Blue Oakleaf Oakleaf Orange Blue Oakleaf Scarce Leaf Autumn Danaid Eggfly Eggfly Great Map Marbled Moore, 1899 Moore, Hewitson, 1864 Linnaeus, 1758 1878 Moore, Linnaeus, 1758 1912 Fruhstorfer, Linnaeus, 1763 1775 Cramer, Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Herbst, 1794 1798 Fabricius, 1819 Hubner, Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1763 1779 Cramer, 1844 Kollar, 1836 Boisduval, 1886 de Nicéville, 1899 Moore, Linnaeus, 1764 Linnaeus, 1758 1787 Fabricius, Symbrenthia brabira brabira Symbrenthia sivokana hippocles Symbrenthia Nymphalis antiopa ladakensis Aglais urticae Aglais aesis caschmiriensis Aglais canace canace Kaniska egea Polygonia c-album Polygonia cardui Vanessa indica indica Vanessa hireta Junonia hierta Junonia orithya ocyla ocyla Junonia orithya Junonia lemonias Junonia almana atlites Junonia atlites iphita Junonia iphita horsfieldii Kallima inachus inachus Kallima knyvetti Kallima bisaltide Doleschallia indica Hypolimnas misippus Hypolimnas bolina Marpesiini Tribe cocles Cyrestis 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437
48 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ † ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ † † K K K K K K S1, S2,BWS, W2,N2, D2,V, S1, S2,BWS, W2,N2, D2,V, K K K K K K S2,BWS, W2 W4, BWS, S1, W2,N2, D2,V, S2,BWS, S1, N1,N2,W4, K JSWNP, BWS, N1,N2,V, W4, BWS, N1,N2,V, JSWNP, K K K K S2,W4, S2,S1, W4, K Y, H2, H3, SC, Y, W4, S1,N2,W4, H2, H2, SC, Y, H2, SC, Y, H2, SC, Y, G, E1 SC, S1,N2, JSWNP, BWS,D2,W4, H2, S1, V, Y, N2, K D2,W4, Y,S1,N2, H2,N2,W4, W2, W4, W4, D2,W4, Y, H2, BWS, S1, W4 Y, W2 Y,W4, G, E1 S1, JSWNP, N2 H2, SC, Y, SC W4 S1, V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, Common Map Common Maplet Clear Sailer Sailer Pallas’s Common Sailer Sailer Creamy Sailer Chestnut-streaked Dingy Sailer False Sailer Small Yellow Sailer Broad-banded Plain Sailer Sailer Spotted Rich Sailer Sailer Yellow Sailer Green Pale Sailer Variegated Sailer Yellow Great Sailer Broadstick Sailer Hockeystick Pale Sailer Hockeystick Sailer Yerbury’s Sailer Hockeystick Great Short-banded Sailer Jack Sailer Yellow Common Lascar Lascar Broad-striped Common Sergeant Doyere, 1840 Doyere, 1848 Doubleday, 1872 Moore, 1872 Moore, Linnaeus, 1758 1858 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1899 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1844 Kollar, 1872 Moore, 1867 C. & R. Felder, 1881 Moore, 1924 Evans, 1926 Tytler, 1912 Evans, 1857 Moore, 1858 Moore, 1858 Moore, 1890 de Nicéville, 1886 Butler, Leech, 1890 1872 Moore, 1872 Moore, 1790 Stoll, Eliot, 1969 Linnaeus, 1758
Cyrestis thyodamas thyodamas Cyrestis thyodamas risa Chersonesia Limenitidini Tribe susruta Neptis clinia Neptis sappho astola Neptis hylas Neptis soma Neptis jumbah Neptis pseudovikasi Neptis miah Neptis sankara cartica Neptis cartica Neptis magadha Neptis anjana ochracea Neptis ananta bhutanica Neptis zaida Neptis armandia melba Neptis radha Neptis narayana Neptis manasa Neptis nycteus Neptis yerburyi Phaedyma aspasia Phaedyma columella ophiana viraja Lassipa viraja hordonia Pantoporia hordonia sandaka Pantoporia davidsoni perius Athyma 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464
49 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ † ¥ † ‡ ¥ ¥ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K JSWNP, BWS, W2,D2,V, W4, BWS, W2,D2,V, JSWNP, JSWNP,S2,BWS, S1, W2,N2,V, W4, S1, W2,N2,V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, K K S2,V, W4 S2,V, K K H3, JSWNP,S2,S1,N2,W4, S2,BWS, S1,N2,W4, K S1, K W4 W2, V, Y,BWS, N2,W4 SC, H2, Y, SC, N2,W4, H2, SC, S1,N2,W4, S2,BWS, S1, N1, N2,W4, S2,BWS, W2,D2,W4, Y, W4, Y,W2,D2,V, SC BWS,D2,W4, Y,JSWNP, BWS,N2,W4, Y,JSWNP, S1, N1, N2, W2,N2,W4, Y,JSWNP, S2,W4, S2,S1,N2,W4, Y, N2,W4 S1, N1,N2,W4, W4 SC, Y, S1, W4 JSWNP, Y,W4, N1, W4, Y,S1, JSWNP,S2,S1,N2,W4, S2,S1, W4, Y,W4, BWS, W2, W4, JSWNP, Studded Sergeant Sergeant Unbroken Bhutan Sergeant Dot-dash Sergeant Sergeant Blackvein Hill Sergeant Staff Sergeant Small Staff Sergeant Staff Sergeant Orange Colour Sergeant Commander Bicolour Commodore Commodore White White Scarce Commodore Commodore Green Commodore Knight Panther Sergeant-major Common Earl Plain Earl Count Grey Duke Red-spot Blue Duke Baron Powdered Blue Baron Common Baron Blue Baron White-edged Baron Gaudy Duke French Blue Duchess Moore, 1857 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1858 Moore, 1858 Moore, 1857 Moore, 1844 Kollar, 1844 Kollar, 1872 Moore, 1858 Moore, 1850 Doubleday, 1777 Cramer, 1848 Doubleday, 1848 Doubleday, 1848 Doubleday, 1848 Doubleday, 1857 Moore, 1787 Fabricius, 1850 Westwood, 1857 Moore, Ménétriés, 1857 1857 Moore, 1868 Butler, 1848 Kollar, 1857 Moore, 1859 Moore, Ménétriés, 1857 1777 Cramer, 1848 Doubleday, 1777 Cramer, 1846 Gray, 1886 Staudinger,
appiades appiades Athyma asura asura asura asura Athyma pravara Athyma jina Athyma kanwa Athyma ranga ranga Athyma opalina Athyma selenophora Athyma selenophora zeroca Athyma cama cama Athyma inara nefte Athyma procris procris Moduza zayla zayla Parasarpa dudu Parasarpa zulema Sumalia daraxa Sumalia danava Auzakia martha martha Lebadea siva siva Neurosigma ganga ganga Abrota julii Tanaecia jahnu Tanaecia lepidea Tanaecia derna Dophla evelina durga durga Euthalia monina kesava Euthalia telchinia Euthalia aconthea Euthalia phemius Euthalia lubentina Euthalia franciae Euthalia duda Euthalia 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495
50 NE NE NE NE NE NE LC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ † ¥ † † † ¥ ¥ K K K K K K K K K JSWNP,S2,BWS, S1, W2, N2, D2,V, S1, W2, N2, D2,V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, W4, K BWS, S1, W2,N2,V, W4, BWS, S1, W2,N2,V, K K JSWNP,S2,BWS, S1,N2,V, W4 S1,N2,V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, W4 S2, N2,W4, K Y, S2,W2, W4, Y, W4, S2,BWS, W2, V, Y, W4 JSWNP, W2 N2 W4 S1,N2,W4, JSWNP, H2 Y, W4, H2, S2, BWS, W2, N1, N2,D2,V, Y, H2, SC, Y, W4, S2,W4, W4, H2, SC, W4 SC, Y, D1 W4 JSWNP, W4, Y,BWS, W4 JSWNP, BWS, W2,D2,W4, H2, JSWNP, Y, K SC, N2, S2, N2,W4 H2, SC, Y, Bronze Duke Bronze Duke Green Duchess Grand Baron Streaked Archduke Great Archduke Dark Archduke Yellow-tipped Tabby Popinjay Constable Prince Brown Black Prince Emperor Sordid Emperor Tawny Indian Purple Emperor Purple Restricted Emperor Emperor Sergeant Golden Emperor Courtier Western Courtier Eastern Emperor White Pasha Courtesan Painted Courtesan Siren Moore, 1859 Moore, 1859 Moore, 1844 Kollar, 1940 Tytler, 1867 C & R Felder, 1868 Butler, 1893 Swinhoe, 1878 Moore, 1844 Kollar, 1846 Gray, 1840 Doyère, 1857 Moore, 1850 Westwood, 1865 Moore, 1889 Doherty, 1845 Doubleday, 1881 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1850 Westwood, 1844 Kollar, 1858 Moore, Hewitson, 1864 1848 Doubleday, 1850 Westwood, 1845 Doubleday, 1850 Westwood, Euthalia nara nara nara nara Euthalia sahadeva Euthalia patala Euthalia amphifascia Euthalia alpheda jama Euthalia cyanipardus Lexias khasiana dirtea Lexias pardalis Lexias Pseudergolini Tribe wedah wedah Pseudergolis nicea nicea Stibochiona nesimachus Dichorragia Apaturini Tribe parvata Rohana parisatis Rohana sordida Chitoria ulupi Chitoria ambica Mimathyma namouna bhavana Mimathyma chevana Mimathyma Dilipa morgiana Sephisa dichroa chandra Sephisa chandra hemina Helcyra marathus Herona marathus consimilis Euripus nyctelius Euripus persimilis Hestina 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521
51 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ¥ ¥ ¥ ‡ JSWNP, BWS, S1, W2, N1,N2, JSWNP, W4 JSWNP,S2,BWS, S1, V, W4, K S1, V, JSWNP,S2,BWS, W4 K, Y, H2, H3,SC, Y, D2,V, SC, S2, Y,S1,N2,K BWS, S1,N2,W4, K H2, JSWNP, Y, W4, K BWS, V, H2, JSWNP, Y, BWS, S1, N1, N2, W4, K S1,N2,W4, K N2,W4, K Y, S1,N2,W4, K S1, K, G, W5 BWS, S1, N1, N2, K, W5 S1, W5 W5 W5 K, W5 Y,N2, K BWS, N1, K, W5 JSWNP, Y,K S1, N2, W5 S1, W5 Y,BWS, N1, K, W5 BWS, W1,D2,K, W5 W5 Y, E1, E2, G Circe Common Nawab Nawab Pallid Nawab Great Nawab Stately Chinese Nawab Rajah Tawny Rajah Yellow Rajah Variegated Black Rajah Awlet Orange Branded Awlet Orange Awlet Small Green Harisa Orange Bengal Awlet Awlet Green Awl Orangetail Awl Slate Common Banded Awl Awl White-banded Common Awl Plain Banded Awl Awl Brown Indian Awlking Similar Awlking Awlking Hooked Doubleday, 1844 Doubleday, 1770 Drury, 1866 C. & R. Felder, 1843 Doubleday, 1848 Westwood, Hewitson 1854 1793 Fabricius, 1847 Westwood, 1895 Moore, 1793 Fabricius, 1882 Swainson, 1865 Moore, 1865 Moore, Mabille 1876 Mabille 1876 1865 Moore, 1889 de Nicéville, 1780 Cramer, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1857 Moore, 1932 Evans, 1775 Fabricius, 1875 Murry, 1844 Kollar, 1932 Evans, Hestina nama Hestina Charaxini Tribe athamas athamas Polyura arja Polyura eudamippus Polyura dolon Polyura narcaea Polyura bernardus Charaxes marmax Charaxes kahruba Charaxes solon Charaxes Superfamily: Hesperioidea Hesperiidae Family Coeliadinae Subfamily oedipodea Burara jaina jaina Burara amara Burara harisa Burara vasutana Burara Bibasis sena anura anura Hasora chromus Hasora bhavara taminatus Hasora badra badra Hasora indica vitta Hasora Badamia exclamationis benjaminii Choaspes japonicas xanthopogon Choaspes furcata Choaspes 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546
52 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE S1, E1, G, W5 H2, E1, E2, G E1, E2, G K JSWNP, K E2, G E1, E2, G D2,K, G E1, G BWS, W1, N1, N2, K, G, E1, W5 JSWNP, E1, E2, G H2, E1, E2, G, W5 Y, E1, E2, G E1, E2, G E1, E2, G W1, E1, E2, G, W5 W5 W5 W5 Y, K, G, W5 SC, S2, S1, W1, N1, N2, V, Y, SC, E2, G E2, G Lidderdale’s Dawnfly Lidderdale’s Striped Dawnfly Pale Striped Dawnfly Flat Marbled Bhutan Flat Flat Double Spotted Flat Multispotted Spotted De Nicéville’s Flat Flat Common Spotted Flat Spotted Bengal Flat Spotted Himalayan Small-banded Flat Banded Flat Scarce Yellow- Himalayan banded Flat Flat Ratna Flat Spotted Elwes Flat Yellow-Banded Dark Yellow- Himalayan Banded Flat Common Small Flat Pied Flat Fulvous Pied Flat Naga Sikkim Pied Flat Elwes, 1888 Elwes, 1865 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1871 Atkinson, 1887 de Nicéville, 1889 de Nicéville, 1865 Moore, 1889 de Nicéville, 1844 Kollar, 1865 Moore, 1884 Moore, 1885 de Nicéville, Bell, 1930 1865 Moore, 1926 Evans, & Edwards Elwes 1897 1879 Moore 1866 Moore 1865 Moore, 1949 Evans, 1949 Evans, 1949 Evans,
Subfamily Pyrginae Subfamily Celaenorrhini Tribe lidderdali Capila zennara Capila jayadeva Capila liliana Lobocla flavocincta Celaenorrhinus pyrrha Celaenorrhinus pulomaya Celaenorrhinus plagifera Celaenorrhinus leucocera Celaenorrhinus putra Celaenorrhinus munda Celaenorrhinus munda Celaenorrhinus nigricans badius Celaenorrhinus dhanada Celaenorrhinus tyleri ratna Celaenorrhinus Celaenorrhinus maculicornis Celaenorrhinus aurivittatus aurivittata Celaenorrhinus aurivittata Tagiadini Tribe dasahara Sarangesa dasahara dan fabia Pseudocoladenia festa Pseudocoladenia fatua Pseudocoladenia 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568
53 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE D2,K, E1, E2, G H2 W5 S1, W5 E1, E2, G SC K, W5 BWS, N2, V, S1, K BWS, W1 S1, K, W5 S1, K, W5 JSWNP, S1 E1, W5, S2, N1, N2, K, W5 SC, JSWNP Y,G, SC, S2 W5 W5 BWS, S1, N1, N2, K, G, W5 K, G, W5 W5 W5 W1 E1, E2, G N2, W5 W5 Tricolour Pied Flat Tricolour spot Pied Flat Large Pied Flat Brown Flat White Himalayan Flat Sikkim White Flat Olive Flat Dusky Yellow-breast Common Yellow-breast Flat Flat Yellow-breast White Flat Common Snow Flat Suffused Snow Flat Snow Large Flat Snow Water Flat Snow Spotted White Equal Himalayan Flat Flat Yellow Chestnut Angle Angle Spotted Hairy Angle Angle Tawny Giant Hopper Naga Kashmir Skipper Indian Skipper Northern Chequered Skipper Moore, 1865 Moore, 1931 Evans, Moore1884 1893 Watson, 1865 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1884 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1884 Moore, 1782 Stoll, Plötz, 1884 1949 Evans, 1878 Möschler, 1865 Moore, 1915 Tytler 1860 C&R Felder 1862 Felder, 1857 Moore, 1866 Moore 1866 Moore 1917 Swinhoe, 1874 Moore, 1793 Fabricius, 1886 de Niceville, Coladenia indrani indrani indrani indrani Coladenia hoenei Coladenia agni Coladenia dohertyiSeseria dohertyi sambara Seseria Chamunda chamunda phisara phisara Gerosis bhagava bhagava Gerosis narada sinica Gerosis japetus Tagiades athos gana Tagiades gala parra Tagiades litigiosa Tagiades menaka Tagiades zulla Satarupa trichoneura Mooreana angulata Odontoptilum angulata agama Caprona Dharpa hanria vasava vasava Ctenoptilum fuliginosus Apostictopterus curiosa Pyrgini Tribe Pyrgus cashmirensis cashmirensis galba Spialia silvicola Cartercephalus Hesperiinae Subfamily 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592
54 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE H2, E2, G Y, K, E2, G, W5 S1, N1, N2, K E1, G K E1, G E1, E2, G, W5 BWS, W1, V, W5 Y,W1, BWS, W1, W5 G, W5 W5 W5 W5 W5 Y, BWS, W1, K, G, W5 Y,S2, Y,W1 K S2, W5 W5 W5 W5 S1, W5 G Bhutan Hopper Orange-and-silver Hopper Tiger Hopper Hedge Hopper Ace Tufted Ace Graham’s Ace Chequered Mussoorie Bush Bob Bush Bob Brown Plain Ace Largespot Ace Northern Spotted Ace Garhwal Ace Olive Scrub Blue-spotted Hopper Scrub Hopper Veined Plain Ace Ace Moore’s Ace Absent Ace Overlapped Sikkim Ace Banded Ace Ace Straw Light Hopper Forest Evans, 1949 Evans, 1886 de Nicéville, 1878 Moore, & de Wood-Mason 1887 Nicéville, Hewitson, 1868 1926 Evans, 1882 Moore, 1878 Moore, 1885 de Nicéville, 1891 de Nicéville, Hewitson 1876 1890 de Niceville 1886 de Niceville 1885 de Nicéville, 1878 Moore, 1885 de Nicéville, Mabille, 1878 1937 Evans 1937 Evans Mabille 1882 Hewitson 1877 & de Wood-Mason 1886 Nicéville, 1878 Moore, Tribe Heteropterini Tribe houangty Carterocephalus bootia avanti Carterocephalus avanti Astictopterini Tribe subvittatus Ochus vittatus Baracus septentrionum dolopia Sebastonyma grahami Sovia separata lucasii Sovia masuriensis Pedesta masuriensis pandita Pedesta hyrie Thoressa cerata Thoressa aina Thoressa gupta Thoressa kali Aeromachus stigmatus Aeromachus stigmatus Halpe kumara Halpe porus Halpe homolea filda Halpe arcuata Halpe sikkima zema Halpe zema stramineipennis Pithauria Astictopterus jamaolivascens 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615
55 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE BWS, V, W5 BWS, V, S2, S1, K, W5 H2, Y,S2, S1, N1, W5 Y,S2, S1, K, W5 BWS, S1, K, W5 K, W5 JSWNP, K, W5 S2, BWS, S1, N2,D2,V, SC, JSWNP, Y, W1, K, W5 Y,BWS, SC, S2, BWS, S1, K, W5 Y, S1, W5 K Y K K, W5 W5 S1, K SC, S1 W5 W5 E1, E2, G Y,V N1, N2 Y, D2, K, W5 W5 H2, Chestnut Bob Bob Velvet Dark Demon Chocolate Common Banded Demon Demon Restricted Demon Spotted Demon Grass Bob Atkinson’s Bob Indian Palm Bob Small Palm Dart Wax Flitter Tree Purple and Gold Flitter Common Redeye Redeye Black-veined Purple Redeye Redeye Palm Nonsuch Palmer Darter Himalayan Coon Dart Grass Himalayan Dart Common Grass Dart Grass Veined Dartlet Ceylon Moore, 1865 Moore, 1882 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1862 C. & R. Felder, 1866 Moore, 1775 Cramer, 1878 Moore, 1798 Fabricius, 1943 Evans, 1877 Moore, 1865 Moore, 1884 de Niceville 1865 Moore, 1865 Moore, & Edwards, Elwes 1897 Linnaeus, 1767 Hewitson, 1876 1878 Moore, Mabille, 1876 1865 Moore, 1793 Fabricius, Staudinger 1889 1881 Moore,
Tribe Ancistroidini Tribe Iambrix salsala butleri Koruthaialos butleri diocles nigrita Ancistroides Notocrypta paralysos asawa Notocrypta curvifascia Notocrypta feisthamelii alysos folus Udaspes Plastingiini Tribe atkinsoni Arnetta gremius Suastus aditia minuta Suastus purreea Cupitha praba adrastus Hyarotis satwaZographetus aria Matapa sasivarna Matapa purpurescens Matapa thrax Erionota cyrina Creteus Hesperiini Tribe brahma Ochlodes Sancus fuligo Taractrocerini Tribe danna Taractrocera maevius Taractrocera luzonensis Taractrocera Oriens goloides 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639
56 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ‡ Y,S1, W5 Y,S1, G, E1 G, E2, W5 W5 SC, S2, V, G, E1 S2, N1, N2, W5 G, E1, W5 S2, G, E1, W5 G, E1 W1 W5 W5 S1, N2, K, W5 S2,E1, G S1,D2, K, W5 Y,BWS, BWS, W1, W5 W5 S2, K, W5 JSWNP, K, W5 BWS, V, Y,JSWNP, S2, W1 BWS, K N2, K, W5 JSWNP, S2, S1, N2, K, W5 K, W5 Common Dartlet Dart Branded Dart Pallid Indian Dart Burmese Dart Dart Himalayan Chinese Dart Sikkim Dart Dart Palni Dart Sumatran Bident Dart Broad Dart Plain Palm Dart Common Palm Dart Palm Dark Swift Straight Swift Grey Continental Swift Rice Swift Swift Bevan’s Chinese Swift Swift Branded Large Swift Small Branded Swift Great Conjoined Swift Moore, 1877 Moore, & Edwards, Elwes 1897 1932 Evans, 1932 Evans, 1932 Evans, 1842 Kollar, 1911 Fruhstorfer, 1934 Evans, 1914 Evans, 1911 Fruhstorfer, Mabille 1878 1874 Hopffer 1775 Fabricius, 1878 Moore, & Grey, Bremer 1853 1878 Moore, 1937 Evans 1866 Wallace, 1878 Moore, Mabile, 1877 1878 Moore, 1798 Fabricius, 1882 de Nicéville, Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 Oriens gola Oriens gola rectifasciatus Potanthus rectifasciatus pallida Potanthus pseudomaesa Potanthus clio juno Potanthus dara Potanthus confucius Potanthus dushta nesta nesta Potanthus palnia Potanthus ganda ganda Potanthus trachala Potanthus oceanica acalle Cephrenes colon colon Telicota bambusae Telicota bambusae Gegenini Tribe guttatus guttatus Parnara bada Parnara ganga Parnara cinnara Borbo bevani Borbo sinensis Pelopidas subochraceus Pelopidas subochraceus mathias Pelopidas assamensis Pelopidas conjuncta Pelopidas conjuncta 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663
57 About the authors
NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Irungbam Jatishwor Singh completed his Master’s De- gree in Entomology under the University of Pune (Ma- harashtra, India). Thereaf- ter, he worked as a Biology teacher at Mendrelgang
2015). He also served as the Head of Science DepartmentCentral School, there Tsirang for three for sevenyears. yearsPresently (2009- he is pursuing his Doctoral degree from the Uni-
versity of South Bohemia,Meenakshi Czech Republic.Singh Chib completed her Master’s Degree in Botany under the University of Pune
W5 K, W5 W1, K, W5 Y,BWS, K, G, W5 G, E1, W5 W5 W5 (Maharashtra, India. Thereafter, she worked as a Biochemistry teacher at Mendrelgang Middle Secondary School, Tsirang
for five years. Parallel to her tenure, she worked inon Tsirang. the Lepidoptera Her area diversity of interests and interaction includes of butterflies/moths with larval host plants Little Branded Swift Little Branded Contiguous Swift Swift Yellowspot Swift Paintbrush Purple Swift Blank Swift Swift Branded Dark of lepidoptera as a bio indicator for climate changeLepidoptera and monitoring ecology, conservation,forest health and use Moore 1866 Moore Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 Hewitson, 1869 1878 Moore, 1883 de Nicéville, 1926 Evans, 1876 de Niceville, Pelopidas agna Pelopidas lubricans Polytremis lubricans eltola eltola Polytremis Baoris farri tulsi Caltoris moorei kumara Caltoris brunnea caere Caltoris 664 665 666 667 668 669 670
58