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Mise En Place D'un Suivi Par Baguage Des Passereaux Paludicoles À L

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Mise En Place D'un Suivi Par Baguage Des Passereaux Paludicoles À L Suivi par baguage des passereaux paludicoles à l’échelle d’un réseau d’espaces appartenant au Conservatoire du Littoral - analyse de la phase test - Auteur : DESPEAUX Manon – Etudiante en Master Biodiversité, Ecologie et Environnement à l’Université Joseph Fourier de GRENOBLE Sous la direction de : VOLLOT Benjamin – Chargé de missions/Conservateur Structure d’accueil : ASSOCIATION DES AMIS DU PARC ORNITHOLOGIQUE DU PONT DE GAU 13460 SAINTES MARIES DE LA MER Crédit photos : Vollot B. De haut en bas : Panure à moustache, Lusciniole à moustache, Bruant des roseaux ssp witherbyi et Rémiz penduline) SOMMAIRE 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 CONTEXTE ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Le bassin méditerranéen .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1.1.1 Un « Hotspot » mondial ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1.2 L’intérêt majeur de cette zone ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1.1.3 Les Zones Humides (ZH) méditerranéennes......................................................................................... 6 1.1.1.4 Les fonctions des zones humides ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1.5 Un constat en déclin : mesures de protection...................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Une zone humide remarquable : la roselière du littoral méditerranéen français ............................ 8 1.1.2.1 Les fonctions des roselières ................................................................................................................ 8 1.1.2.1.1 Intérêts biologiques ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2.1.2 Fonctions écologiques.................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2.2 Usages socio-économiques liés aux roselières et pratiques de gestion ................................................. 9 1.1.2.2.1 Gestion hydraulique....................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2.2.2 Fauche et récolte du roseau ......................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2.2.3 Gestion des ligneux ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2.2.4 Elevage extensif et gestion pastorale ............................................................................................ 12 1.1.2.2.5 Gestion cynégétique .................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.2.3 Mesures de protection ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.3 Les espèces paludicoles .............................................................................................................. 14 1.1.3.1 Les invertébrés ................................................................................................................................. 15 1.1.3.2 Les poissons ..................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3.3 Les amphibiens et les reptiles ........................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3.4 Les mammifères ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3.5 Les oiseaux ....................................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 CADRE DE L’ETUDE .............................................................................................................................. 16 1.2.1 L’Association des Amis du Parc Ornithologique du Pont de Gau (AAPOPG) ................................. 16 1.2.2 Historique .................................................................................................................................. 16 1.2.3 Objectifs .................................................................................................................................... 17 2 MATERIEL ET METHODE ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 SITES ETUDIES .................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 METHODES UTILISEES ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Origine de la bio-indication et ses intérêts ................................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Recensement des méthodes de suivi ........................................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Focus sur le baguage .................................................................................................................. 20 2.2.3.1 Définition ......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3.2 Détails du protocole ......................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 MATERIELS UTILISES ............................................................................................................................ 22 2.3.1 Matériel biologique : les passereaux paludicoles ......................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Matériel technique : les outils de baguage .................................................................................. 23 2.4 ANALYSES STATISTIQUES ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 Description des données ............................................................................................................. 24 2.4.2 Analyses sous R .......................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.2.1 AXE 1 : Analyses « Inter-sites » ......................................................................................................... 24 2.4.2.2 AXE 2 : Analyses « intra-sites » .......................................................................................................... 26 3 RESULTATS ............................................................................................................................................. 26 3.1 AXE 1 : ANALYSES « INTER-SITES » ......................................................................................................... 26 AAPOPG – Juillet 2014 1 3.1.1 Fichier « Sessions » ..................................................................................................................... 26 3.1.2 Fichier « Saisons » ...................................................................................................................... 27 4 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 INTERPRETATIONS DES RESULTATS ........................................................................................................... 30 4.1.1 AXE 1 : Analyses « Inter-sites » ................................................................................................... 30 4.2 LIMITES DE L’ETUDE ............................................................................................................................. 31 4.2.1 AXE 1 : Caractérisation et classification de l’état des roselières au moyen de bio-indicateurs ....... 31 4.2.2 AXE 2 : Mise en relation des données du cortège de passereaux avec la pratique de gestion ........ 32 4.3 PERSPECTIVES .................................................................................................................................... 33 4.3.1 AXE 1 : Caractérisation et classification de l’état des roselières au moyen de bio-indicateurs ....... 33 4.3.2 AXE 2 : Mise en relation des données du cortège de passereaux avec la pratique de gestion ....... 37 4.3.3 Perspectives secondaires ............................................................................................................ 37 5 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 38 6 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ...................................................................................................................................... 39 7 ANNEXES...............................................................................................................................................
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