Atlas of the Maturity Stages of Mediterranean Fishery Resources
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Food and AgricultureFood and Agriculture General Fisheries CommissionGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterraneanfor the Mediterranean Organization ofOrganization the of the Commission généraleCommission des pêches générale des pêches United Nations United Nations pour la Méditerranéepour la Méditerranée STUDIES AND REVIEWS 99 ISSN 1020-9549 ATLAS ON THE MATURITY STAGES OF MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY RESOURCES Follesa, M.C., Carbonara, P., eds. 2018. Atlas of the maturity stages of Mediterranean fishery resources. Studies and Reviews n. 99. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome. pp. 273. Cover design: Maria Cristina Follesa and José Luis Castilla Civit. GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN STUDIES AND REVIEWS 99 ATLAS OF THE MATURITY STAGES OF MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY RESOURCES Edited by Maria Cristina Follesa Università di Cagliari Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente Cagliari (Italy) Pierluigi Carbonara COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare Bari (Italy) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation: Follesa, M.C., Carbonara, P., eds. 2019. Atlas of the maturity stages of Mediterranean fishery resources. Studies and Reviews n. 99. Rome, FAO. 268 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 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We have received these comments from FAO: Please correct the ISSN on the cover, it should be: ISSN 1020-9549 **please replace the year in the Title page (bottom): Rome, 2019 and in the copyright disclaimer (Required citation: 2019) and copyright: © FAO, 2019 - the barcode should be replaced with the updated version (ISSN has been inserted), the eps and pdf files are attached please, thank you . Send us the final file, thank you Studies and Reviews N. 99 – Atlas of the maturity stages of Mediterranean fishery resources Preparation of this document his publication is part of the Studies and Reviews series of the General Fisheries TCommission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), which focuses on specific aspects of scientific interest for Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries. This atlas is the fruit of the coordinated work of 22 researchers from different scientific institutes and stems from an experience on fish maturity staging carried out at the Mediterranean level. It falls within one of the main targets of the mid-term strategy (2017–2020) towards the sustainability of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries implemented by the GFCM, which aims, among other things, to enhance knowledge and expertise on fisheries namely by strengthening data collection and information. Since 1984, several institutes in Italy have been involved in national and international scientific fisheries programmes, focused on the study of the biology, ecology, population dynamics and the assessment of the most important fishery resources, including Merluccius merluccius, Mullus barbatus and Sardina pilchardus. Since the beginning of 2000, biological, environmental, technical, and socio-economic data on fish catch have been regularly collected (including within the GFCM Data Collection Reference Framework [DCRF] and, at the European level, the Data Collection Framework [DCF]). Since the beginning of data collection, there has been a need for strong regional coordination on the methodology and maturity criteria and for a general agreement among maturity stagers and laboratories. In this context, a working group on fish maturity staging was created in 2014 under the supervision of the Società Italiana di Biologia Marina (SIBM). This atlas includes the main achievements of this working group. This document has been produced with the financial support of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. iii Studies and Reviews N. 99 – Atlas of the maturity stages of Mediterranean fishery resources Abstract aturity is one of the most relevant biological parameters used in stock assessment Mprogrammes. Indeed, the macroscopic stage of gonadal development is an essential feature in estimating the maturity ogive and spawning stock biomass (SSB). It is also useful for determining the spawning season of a species and for monitoring long-term changes in the spawning cycle, as well as for many other research needs related to the biology of fish. In current data collection programmes carried out in the Mediterranean which cover extensive samplings of maturity stages, some specific technical aspects have not always been taken into consideration, and collected data cannot reach the required precision levels. Also, the coding schemes in use and the uncertainty in the interpretation of particular stages can give rise to misinterpretations of the actual maturity stage leading to inaccurate spawning stock biomass estimations. Several stock assessments are therefore based on time- invariant maturity ogives and only partially cover the spatial distribution of the stocks. Hence, on several occasions, the need has been expressed to improve the identification of the macroscopic maturity stages through a standardization of operational procedures and terminology. One of the solutions for overcoming these problems was to formalize an atlas of the macroscopic and histological maturity stages of the main species of commercial interest in the Mediterranean. In this context, this atlas aims to develop sound approaches to maturity sampling for a wide range of species, based on an accurate and precise determination of the different maturity stages. It includes macroscopic photos of gonads belonging to the main species, and for some of them, a validation-based histological analysis is also presented. The systematic categories investigated in the atlas are bony fish, cartilaginous fish, both oviparous and viviparous, crustaceans and cephalopods. iv Studies and Reviews N. 99 – Atlas of the maturity stages of Mediterranean fishery resources Contents Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv Contributors vii Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations and acronyms x 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 2.1 Samplings 5 2.1.1 Biological collection 6 2.1.2 Macro gonad photos 7 2.1.3 Histological