9634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 2 By Mr. YOUNGER (by request) : notice of a bill introduced in Congress by ~RIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.J. Res. 409. Joint resolution designating the Honorable HALE BOGGS, of Louisiana, to the Luther Burbank Shasta daisy as the encourage investments abroad by· American · Under clause 1 of .rule XXII, private national flower of the United States; to the industry through the establishment of rea­ bills and resolutions were introduced and Committee on House Administration. sonable taxes on foreign earnings; and of­ severally referred as follows: By Mr. DORN of New York: ficially commending Congressman BoGGS on By Mr. ANFUSO: H. Con. Res. 191. Concurrent resolution his efforts with respect to this legislation"; H .R. 7513. A bill for the relief of Moses expressing the sense of the Congress with to the Committee on Ways and Means. Licht; to the Committee on the Judiciary. respect to the expulsion of the Republic of By Mr. SCHENCK: Memorial of the Gen­ H.R. 7514. A bill for the relief of Rocco China from the International Olympic Com­ eral Assembly of the State of Ohio, memorial­ Boscattini; to the Committee on the Judi­ mittee, and with respect to the participation izing the Congress of the United States to C?iary. in the Olympic games of representatives of preserve Ellis Island as a national shrine; to By Mr. DADDARIO: the Republic of China; to the Committee on the Committee on Government Operations. · H .R. 7515. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Foreign Atiairs. By Mr. THORNBERRY: Memorial of the Luigia Lenardon DeCarli; to the Committee By Mr. ULLMAN: Senate of the State of Texas memoralizing on the Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 192. Concurrent resolution to the leadersh~p of America to awaken to the By Mr. DENTON: make an investigation concerning anadro­ role that the small family farmer and the H.R. 7516. A bill for the relief of Mr. and mous fish in the Columbia River Basin; to small communities of our Nation have played Mrs. Francis G. Stader; to the Committee on the Committee on Merchant Marine and and should continue to play in this, the the Judiciary. Fisheries. great drama of America before God and man, By Mr. FARBSTEIN: By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado: in making steadfast and secure the desire to H.R. 7517. A bill for the relief of Annun­ preserve our cherished way of life which H. Con. Res. 193. Concurrent resolution ziata Monteroso Cutri; to the Committee on found its first victory in the birth of Amer­ the Judiciary. providing tor the development through the ica; to the Committee on Agriculture. United Nations of international cooperation By Mr. FEIGHAN: in educational programs; to the Committee Also, memorial of the Legislature of the H.R. 7518. A bill for the relief of Rudolph State of Texas, memorializing the executive Rozman; to the Committee on the Judici­ on Foreign Atiairs. and legislative departments of the Federal ary. Government to issue the necessary admin­ By Mrs. GRANAHAN: istrative ruling or to pass the necessary legis­ H .R. 7519. A bill for the relief of Tso-Ming MEMORIALS lation making poultry, egg, hog, and milk Ku; to the Committee on the Judiciary. producers eligible for loans from the Small By Mr. HUDDLESTON: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, me­ Business Administration; to the Committee H.R. 7520. A bill for the relief of Dr. Ri­ morials were presented and referred as on Banking and Currency. cardo Ceballos; to the Committee on the Ju­ follows: Also, memorial of the Legislature of the diciary. By Mr. MORRIS of Oklahoma: Resolu­ State of Texas, memorializing Congress to By Mr. McDONOUGH: tion No. 549 of the House of Representatives enact restrictive and remedial legislation H.R. 7521. A bill for the relief of Isei of the State of Oklahoma, entitled "A resolu­ that will afford protection to the people of Sakioka; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion taking official notice of the efforts of the .United States against such enemies of By Mr. TEAGUE of California: the U.S. Government to combat communism our Government as x:efiected by the threats H.R. 7522. A bill for the relief of Serafima by bolstering the economies of foreign of Hoffa and his hoodlums; to the Commit­ Afrakova Ponomaroff; to the Committee on underdeveloped countries; taking furt~er tee on Education and Lf,bor. the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Statement in Explanation of H.R. 7496, Federal Government a burden incon­ The rights of a self--insurer or carrier sistent with a basic concept of workmen's would be protected by an administrative aBill To Charge the Costs of Adminis­ compensation. hearing on assessments, if requested, and tration of the Longshoremen's and The draft bill would charge adminis­ by a right to judicial review. Harbor Workers' Compensation Act to trative costs of the workmen's compen­ If it failed to pay the amount as­ sation features of the Longshoremen's sessed when due, a carrier or self-insurer Carriers and Self-Insurers Under the Act to the industry covered by that act. would be liable to fines and interest Act Under the proposed bill the funds neces­ on unpaid balances. Similar penalties sary for administrative expenses-direct and possible suspension or revocation of expenses and the applicable share of in­ its authorization to insure are provided EXTENSION OF REMARKS direct and overhead expenses--would where a earlier or self-insurer misrep­ OF continue to be fixed and appropriated resents material facts or fails to furnish annually by Congress. However, at the information called for by the bill or by HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS end of each fiscal year, the cost of ad_. regulations of the Secretary. OF PENNSYLVANIA ministering the workmen's compensa­ This proposal would also apply to all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion provisions of the act during that extensions and applications of the Long­ year would be determined by the Secre­ shoremen's and Harbor Workers' Com­ Tuesday, June 2, 1959 tary of Labor and prorated among in­ pensation Act with the exception of the Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, the surance carriers writing insurance UI1der War Hazards Act (42 U.S.C. 1701 et American system of workmen's compen­ the act, and among self-insurers. The seq.). The existing extensions and ap­ sation is not financed out of general assessment would be based on the total plications to which this proposal would taxation but places its costs only on money benefits paid by such carl'iers and apply are the District of Columbia work­ those members of the public who are self-insurers during such year. They men's compensation law, the Defense also employers. In accordance with would not be charged with cost of ad_. Base Act, the Outer Continental Shelf this concept, employers are charged with ministering the recently enacted amend­ Lands Act, and the act of July 18, 1958, the costs of payments to injured em­ ment to the act which authorizes the is­ amending section 2 of the act of June ployees either as self-insurers or through suance and enforcement of safety stand­ 19, 1952 <5 U.s.c. 150k-1), applying the insurance carriers. In many States em­ ards. Longshoremen's Act to certain civilian ployers are also charged with the ad­ It is estimated that this proposal, if employees of nonappropriated fund in­ ministrative costs of the workmen's adopted, would result in a reimburse­ strumentalities of the Armed Forces. compensation program. Under the Long­ ment to the Federal Government of over The reimbursement to the Federal Gov­ shoremen's and Harbor Workers' Com­ $700,000 a year. The cost for admin­ ernment, estimated above at over $700,- pensation Act, however, a Federal statute istering the law was $701,657 during the 000, includes reimbursement for the ad­ which applies to certain private employ­ past fiscal year and because of the re~ ministrative costs involved in all exten­ ments in much the same manner as a cent Federal pay increase it is estimated sions and applications of the act except State workmen's compensation law, the that the administrative costs will be tor the administration of : the District costs of administration are borne by the somewhat higher during -the 1959 fiscal of Columbia workmen's compensation Federal Government. This places on the year. law. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD- HOUSE 9635 An additional sum of approximately .erations, and a half billion will be spent in fought not on the seas, but in the air above $200,000, now included in the budget ~the coming fiscal year. . Our space commit­ and the dark waters below the surface of the .tees have been told that a billion dollars oceans. of the muniCipal government of the Dis­ :Rnnually probably will be required in the Until last November the largest ship for trict of Columbia, is transferred an­ years following. basic research at the disposal of the United nually to the Department of Labor for Support these appropriations as essential States was the Vema, displacing 533 tons or the administration of the District's to our defense. less than one-tenth that of th6l Vityaz. The workmen's compensation pay. The draft But only a trifling $8 million has been Vema is a one-time auxiliary schooner built bill would credit to the District govern­ spared annually for studying the 300 mil­ in 1923 and sponsored by Columbia Univer­ ment its shares of the reimbursement lion cubi.c miles of water that cover 72 per­ sity's Lamont Geological Observatory. received from the carriers and self-:­ cent of the earth's surface. · The Vema is supplemented by the Horizon insurers. As a result we are losing the wet war. and S. F. Baird at the Scripps Institute of STUDIES NEGLECTED Oceanography, San Diego, both 505-ton for­ The Secretary would also have author­ mer tugs built in 1944, and the Strange1·, a ity, in his discretion, to establish a sin.:. As a result, the youngest and least devel­ oped of all military sciences-antisubmarine 300-ton former yacht. gle, consolidated administration fund for ·warfare-is being neglected by the United Woods Hole also had a one-time cutter of the act and its extensions. and applica­ States. uncertain vintage, the Crawford, displacing tions, or to have separate administra:­ As a result, the United States-all along 280 tons. The University of Washington's tion funds for the act and the respective its 12,255 miles of coastline touching three department of oceanography has the Brown extensions and applications. oceans and the Gulf of Mexico-is wide Bear, a 270-ton converted coastal freighter open to as many Pearl Harbors and Naga­ built in 1934. sak_is as there are missile-firing Russian Texas Agricultural and Mechanical Col­ submarines. lege had the 243-ton Hidalgo, built in 1944; What will it profit us to win the skies and Scripps the 200-ton Orca, a former patrol Expanded Ocean Research Need~d ·lose the oceans if the oceans become infested boat, and Woods Hole the 200-ton Bear, an with enemy submarines? ex -coastal freighter. EXTENSION OF REMARKS . The University of Miami's marine labora..; BUILDING DELAYED ·tories conducts research in the 80-ton Gerda, OF "From the point of view of military opera­ a one-time North Sea trawler but still the tions there is no comparison between the newest ship of all, having been built in 1949. HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALI; urgencies of the problems of the oceans and Scripps has a 111-ton one-time purse seiner; OF MASSACHUSETTS those of outer space," states the Committee the Paolina T., constructed only a year IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES on Oceanography in its introduction to a earlier. · _12-page report in process of publication. Chesapeake Bay Institute of Johns Hop­ Tuesday, June 2, 1959 "There has been no effort to improve re­ kins University, Baltimore, has the 32-year­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, search ships in this country in the last 15 old Joan Bar II, displacing 60 tons, and New attention was called yesterday to the first years," states a Navy report approved by the York University's department of oceanog­ of a series of articles written by Chair­ Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Arleigh .A. raphy and meteorology the 28-ton Action 'Burke. "We have 25. years of shipbuilding built in 1930. The Narragansett Marine man WARREN G. MAGNusoN of Senate In­ to accomplish in 10 years." Laboratories of the University of Rhode terstate and Foretgn Commerce Commit­ "There has been no program for the re­ Island has the smallest craft of all, the 12- tee for Hearst newspapers pinpointing placement of our research fleet as the ships ton LiZ Joy, one thousand times smaller than deficiencies in our oceanographic re­ become old and unsafe," the report states Russia's Ob or Lena. search program. elsewhere. "If we are to get ahead of the LINE OF DEFENSE Russian submarine menace and stay there a Today I would like to place the second All of these ships continue in operation. of my colleague's series of articles in the 10-year program must be implemented." We are losing the wet war by default and Our basic research fleet recently has been CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I do this be­ our lapses are likewise obstructing the effec­ joined by the 1,800-ton Chain, a converted cause of the significant reference made tive operations of our own submarines. submarine rescue ship supplied by the Navy by Senator MAGNUSON to the work being · The Navy says: and assigned to Woods Hole. carried on at the Woods Hole Oceano­ "Submarines cannot function properly in This is our basic research fleet, our first line of defense in the wet war. graphic Institution on Cape Cod. This strategic areas without adequate knowledge · In the field of applied research, which institution has accomplished much in of currents, bottom topography, sound veloc­ Government agencies handle themselves, the furthering our knowledge of the ocean, ities, ocean temperatures, and weather. We Navy has three hydrographic surv.ey ships but the accomplishments have· been are now ill equipped to provide the knowl­ capable of working in the high seas, the made in the face of limited budgets and 'edge because we lack ships capable of work~ Coast and Geodetic Survey three sound .ing in the northeast Atlantic, the north oceangoing vessels, and the Fish and.Wildlife limited support. Indeed there is a lack Pacific and the Indian Ocean." of full understanding by the public of the Service's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries American scientists have been dangerously four that are considered usable in rough herculean task facing us in this effort. skimped while Russian oceanographers have waters. I ask unanimous consent that Senator an amplitude of scientific ships, labora­ WHAT UNITED STATES NEEDS tories, gear, and special instruments. MAGNUSON's article appear in the RECORD. What are we going to do about it? How There being no objection, the article RUSSIAN FLEET are we going to recover our lost ground in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, . The Soviet scientific fleet includes the the wet war? · . as follows: 12,000-ton icebreakers Ob and Lena, soon to To check Soviet aggression in the greatest (From the New York Journal-American, be supplanted by the 16,000-ton atomic ice­ sea war in history it is my opinion that Con.; June 1, 1959) breaker Lenin, and the 15,500-ton diesel.. gress and the administration must do these electric icebreaker Moskva; the 6,000-ton things: UNITED STATES IGNORES COAST AND SPAWNS 1. Construct a superior fleet of submarines MANY PEARL HARBORS specially designed Mikhail Lomonosov; 5,546- ton Vityaz, 5,000-ton Pole, 3,000-ton Sevasto­ that can launch missiles with atomic war­ (In a penetrating analysis of our stupen­ pol and Okean, 1,500-ton·Diamond and Equa­ heads from anywhere beneath the surface of dous, costly efforts to probe space to the tor, and the world's first nonmagnetic re­ the oceans. virtual neglect. of the seas surrounding us, search ship Zarya, the last now working in 2. Expand our aging merchant marine Senator MAGNUSON, in his concluding article, the Indian Ocean. with fast, new ships of which at least sev-· observes: "What will it profit us to win the The Mikhail Lomonosov, constructed ex­ eral in our eastern and western oceans skies and lose the oceans if the oceans be .. clusively for deep sea research in 1957; alone should be nuclear-powered, and provide air come infested with enemy submarines?") displaces more tonnage than all our basic cover adequate to protect them and our (By Senator WARREN G. MAGNUSON) research ships combined. trade routes in time of war. 3. Supplement the eight 3,500- to 6,500-ton Soviet Russia is better equipped to probe Only one ship originally designed for re­ icebreakers we now have with atomic­ and study our waters than we are ourselves, search has ever been built ·in the United powered crushers powerful enough to keep and better equipped to exploit our ocean re­ States, the Atlantis at the Woods Hole a sea route open north of this continent. sources after she has explored them. Oceanographic Institution on Cape Cod; 4. Expand our deep sea research to all One reason is that since World War II Mass., and it was constructed in '1931. depths of the oceans and in all aspects to our Government, with the exception of a The Navy, wisely in my opinion, has dele­ assure maximum operation of our underseas· few scattered scientis~s and a segment of gated its basic research to universities and :fleets and maximum defense against enemy our Navy, has virtually abandoned interest affiliated laboratories and institutions. submarines. in the oceans. · Our universities thus have become our The last would entail the smallest expendi­ A billion dollars· has been spent !or space first line of defense in the naval warfare of ture of all, but it is imperative to security r esearch to date, exclusive of military op- the future, which indisputably will be· of our coastal areas and commerce. CV--608 9636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 2 Labor Reform ·Legislation public that had witnessed on TV and in the In this capacity, he was able to observe press the hearings of the McClellan commit­ firsthand the problems of Berlin. In a tee, exposing as they did the corruption, the series of articles, he probes the under­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS arrogance, the racketeering, and the con­ lying cause-and-effect of the rapidly de­ OF spiracy of the international labor bosses, many with long criminal records including teriorating situation which holds such a HON. JAMES B. UTT arson and murder, to control this great serious threat to world peace. OF CALIFORNIA Republic by force and violence. In a clear-cut, concise fashion, Mr. After this stunning retreat, the brave GALLAGHER presents things as they are, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senators passed the bill by a vote of 90 to 1, and not as we might wish them to be. In Tuesday, June 2, 1959 even though it had more holes in it that a his first article he says: fresh swiss cheese. Senator BARRY GoLD­ Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, under leave to WATER, of Arizona, was the lone member to We cannot abandon hope of the eventual extend my remarks, I would like to in­ vote "No." President Eisenhower congratu­ reunification of Germany • . • * however, we sert my Washington Report of June 4, lated the Senator on his vote, and said that must face up to the fact that reunification on the subject of labor reform legisla­ if he were a Senator he would also have now or in the near future is not likely. tion: voted "No." Confronted as we are with the need WASHINGTON REPORT President Eisenhower said in his message to Congress, and has since affirmed, that no not only to ease the present situation by (By your Congressman JAMES B. UTT) labor reform bill is acceptable which does providing a temporary solution, he says: The so-called labor reform legislation not prohibit blackmail picketing, eliminate The United States and her allies must look known as the Kennedy-Ervin bill, passed secondary boycotts, grant State court juris­ beyond the present crisis and insist on agree­ by the Senate and now before the House, diction in cases where the National Labor ments which are clearly defined and of some has generated more correspondence than Relations Board refuses to assume jurisdic­ permanency. any other single issue. Most of the letters tion, and which does not require the smaller oppose passage of the bill, but for different unions, which constitute 60 percent of all It is obvious to say that the impact of reasons. Some want no labor legislation labor union membership, to report on their decisions which will be made in Berlin whatsoever, but in most of the letters con­ welfare funds. To this should be added, so today will have far-reaching conse­ stituents are demanding a strong labor re­ far as I'm concerned, "featherbedding," as quences for years to come. form bill. This might be called a split­ about 20 percent of the selling price of a As a guide for all of us interested in level attack. home is made up of "featherbedding." seeking out solutions and for the atten­ As originally introduced in the Senate, the As an example of blackmail picketing, I Kennedy-Ervin bill was a resurrection of the have on my desk a letter from local 710 of the tion of my distinguished colleagues, I ask Kennedy-Ives bill which the House buried Teamsters Union addressed to a large truck­ unanimous consent to have printed in last year without ceremony and with little ing firm in Indiana which reads in part as the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Representa­ weeping. This year when the legislation follows: "Local 710, IBT, has decided to em­ tive GALLAGHER's first article, entitled came to the floor of the Senate, Senator Mc­ bark upon a campaign to organize your office "Foreign Ministers Should Seek Perma­ CLELLAN, Democrat, of Arkansas, and chair­ and clerical employees. To induce your em­ nent Status for Berlin." man of the Labor Rackets Committee, intro­ ployees to join this union, we shall begin to There being no objection, the article duced a set of amendments which he termed picket your establishment on or about the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "labor's bill of rights." These amendments 11th of May 1959. • • * Local 710 does not provided for: (1) Equal voting rights and represent a majority of your employees. • • • as follows: equal protection of all union members un­ The purpose of our picketing is solely to FOREIGN MINISTERS SHOULD SEEK PERMANENT der their own rules; ( 2) freedom of speech, call to the attention of union members and STATUS FOR BERLIN so that a union member could express his supporters of organized labor that your office (By Representative CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER, (3) views without fear of reprisal; freedom and clerical employees are not members of me~ber, Committee on Foreign Affairs, of assembly; (4) freedom from an_arbitrary local 710." The next move would be a sec­ House of Representatives) levy of dues and assessments without a ma­ ondary boycott and "hot cargo." Any one jority vote of the union members in a secret of these procedures, and surely the combina­ In any negotiations between the free na­ ballot, or a majority vote of delegates at a tion of all three, has the power to destroy tions of the West and the Soviet Union, seek­ regular meeting; (5) the right of a member any American business which refuses to pay ing to dissolve the present crisis in Berlin, to sue his union for violation of the mem­ tribute to the international union. the United States and her allies must look ber's rights; (6) protection of members People were astounded at the arrogance beyond the present crisis and insist on against improper disciplinary action; and agreements which are clearly defined and of of Jimmy Hoffa in stating that he would call some permanency. This is the task con­ (7) the right of a candidate for union office a nationwide strike if Congress dared to en­ or his agent to inspect the union member­ act labor legislation, but most of these same fronting Secretary of State Herter and the ship list. astounded people prance down to the polls Ministers of the other free nations in their These simple rights would seem to me to and vote for the puppets of Jimmy Hoffa. forthcoming meetings with representatives be desired by the rank and file of union of Communist nations. Citizens are shocked to witness the spec­ What is needed most in Berlin is a perma­ members, and there is nothing therein to tacle of Harry Bridges hiding behind the fifth which each is not entitled, and I can con­ nent agreement that would spell out work­ amendment on questions concerning his ing arrangements for the continued support ceive of no fair-minded American citizen Communist activities, and in the next breath who would deny a union member these of the military garrison of the Allied Powers, declaring that he would call a work stoppage the citizens of West Berlin, and the mainte­ rights. This list of amendments was if this country dared to oppose Red China. adopted late one night, only after Vice Presi­ Again I say, many of these same Americans nance of the economy and commerce of West dent NIXON cast the deciding vote in favor hurry to the polls to vote for his puppets, Germany. of them after a 45-45 tie. Great rejoicing just because they have the designation "Dem­ · Only if this sort of agreement is reached was heard on the part of millions of work­ ocrat" after their names. This is truly can we hope to avoid in time to come-a ing people who have long suffered under split-level logic. month, a year, or -longer-repetition of labor bossism, but the rejoicing was not for crisis. long. International labor leaders read in It is important that the immediate prob­ these amendments a threat to their dic­ lems stemming from the Berlin crisis be tatorship and in less than a day's time a studied and understood against the broad handful of Sena tors became conscience Permanent Status for Berlin background of East-West relations as they stricken because they had bitten the politi­ presently exist and as they may be carried cal hand which had been feeding them for EXTENSION OF REMARKS on in years to come. lo, these many years, and a hasty retreat was We are in trouble in Berlin today because executed. A set of compromise amend­ OF there are no clear-cut and well-defined agree­ ments was offered and adopted, leaving the ments. Certainly we have a right to be in form but changing the substance, so that HON. HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR. that city, just as the Soviet Union has a right the bill of rights was made lifeless. The OF NEW JERSEY to be there. But nowhere is there a formal body was there but the soul was gone. Sen­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES agreement which was ever intended to have ator KENNEDY gleefully admitted that the any degree of permanency. union bosses had prepared the tricky word­ Tuesday, June 2, 1959 What agreements do exist were drawn up ing in these amendments. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. some 14 years ago, and it was never expected Two years of hearings, and thousands of by those who prepared them that they were pages of testimony from the Labor Rackets President, Representative CoRNELIUs E. GALLAGHER, of New Jersey, a member of to be anything but temporary in nature. Committee, were gone but not forgotten by As an example of the type of agreement on the American people. The labor lords had the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, which we base certain rights in our dealings permitted in this bill only as much as they recently spent 10 days in Berlin as chair­ with the Russians in Berlin, the right to deny thought necessary to satisfy an outraged man of a special study mission. inspection of our vehicles moving through 1959. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9637 Communist East Germany is based on a The bill I have introduced today deals practicality, inasmuch as these hearings memorandum for record written by Gen. with the administrative aspects of the are held all over the country, it is some­ Lucius Clay following a discussion on the problem. Specifically, it provides: times advisable to have the judicial offi­ subject with the Russian Marshal Zhukov. cer preside at the reception of evidence­ Clay at the time was Military Governor in That there shall be in the Post Office De­ Germany. partment a Judicial Officer, who shall be ap­ that is to say, at the trial-and render While we should aim for agreements that pointed by the Postmaster General, who one decision which is both the trial deci­ will work to our advantage in future dealings shall perform such quasi-judicial duties as sion and the administrative appellate with the Soviet, there should be no under­ the Postmaster General may designate. This decision. estimating the urgency of the present crisis. officer shall be the agency for the purposes More important, however, is the fact The thought is intended as a guide in seeking of the requirements of the Administrative that sometimes it is impossible for the solutions that will do more than temporarily Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. sec. 1001 et seq.). General Counsel of the Post Office De­ ease tension in Berlin. Mr. Speaker, Congress must at this partment to seek successfully an interim A well-defined agreement of status will session legislate to reduce the flow of ob­ bring to both East and West Berlin a degree impounding order; or, as often happens, of stability that is badly needed. Neither scenity in the mails. I have studied the after the General Counsel once obtains sector can be expected to live from crisis problem in detail. I have conferred the order, a purveyor of obscenity goes to crisis. The impact of such uncertainty with members of the Committee on Post to court and gets the order dissolved or is telling on the economy, the government, Office and Civil Service, with the Post­ restrained. In such cases, it is some­ and the people. master General, the Honorable Arthur times advantageous for the General The writer is aware that we cannot aban­ E. Summerfield, with the General Coun­ Counsel to be able to move the judicial don hope of the eventual reunification of Germany, and that we must keep the desire sel of the Post Office Department, the officer to hear the ·case and render the for freedom alive in the hearts of the East Honorable Herbert B. Warburton, and final agency decision all in one proceed­ Germans. However, we must face up to the with lawyers on Mr. Warburton's staff. ing, thereby avoiding a long delay, dur­ fact that reunification now or in the near On May 18, 1959, I appeared before ing which the purveyor of obscenity is future is not likely. the Subcommittee on Postal Operations successfully distributing his porno­ Next best, then, is to bring about stability of the Committee on Post Office and graphic poison to the homes of America. in the economy, the administration, and the Civil Service, which was holding hear­ This procedure for bypassing the hearing day-to-day, year-to-year living of the people ings on the general subject of obscene examiners has in the past been utilized of Berlin. literature in the mails. At that time I selectively by the Post Office Depart­ In addition to doing this, a new status of agreement would eliminate the vague and expressed some of my thoughts concern­ ment. However, I believe it is a weapon ambiguous arrangements on which we base ing the need for amending the Criminal that the Post Office Department should the right to our position in Berlin. Thus, Code as proposed in my bill, H.R. 1877, have and employ as a matter of statute. we would reduce the likelihood of new crisis and I also discussed the possibility of a After all, if a purveyor can make all his and the likelihood of war. tiniform antiobscenity statute to be profits during the pendency of the ad­ We have in the past given up certain adopted by individual States and locali­ ministrative proceeding, what good is rights, particularly in the period following ties along the lines of the Uniform Nego­ the administrative proceeding? the 1948 blockade of Berlin. The Allied tiable Instruments Act, the Uniform Re­ Powers no longer, for example, maintain The rules of procedure for adminis­ motor patrols on the Autobahn from Helm­ ciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, trative hearings in the Post Office De­ stedt to Berlin, nor do we maintain rest and others. partment already provide that the judi­ stations or installations of any type along The bill I have this day introduced cial officer has this authority. However, the way. During the 1948 blockade, tele­ attacks the problem from another ap­ a Federal district court in New York City, phone lines which were maintained by the proach. At first brush, it might appear in the case of Borg-Johnson against allies along the corridor were cut. These the bill had nothing to do with the fight Christenberry, held that the judicial have never been put back into operation. against obscenity. The fact of the mat;. officer, not being statutory and not being These, admittedly, are minor points, but they are rights which we abandoned and they ter is that the bill is designed to aid the a regular hearing examiner within the· serve to point up the need for agreements Post Office Department in a very prac­ purview of section 11 of the Administra­ covering all phases of our position in Berlin. tical way, and perhaps only those who tive Procedure Act, could not be per­ In any move toward negotiating a new are familiar with some of the admin­ mitted to preside at the reception of status for Berlin, the West should deter­ istrative law problems confronting the evidence. mine what rights are necessary to the exist­ Post Office Department will appreciate Thus, my bill is simply designed to ence of West. Berlin as a healthy economic the full significance of the bill. overcome the effect of the Borg-Johnson and political body and should settle for What does my bill do? decision, and to reestablish the authority nothing less than measures which will It establishes in the Post Office De­ of the judicial officer as the Postmaster assure such a status. partment as a matter of statute a posi­ General had established it by the regula­ tion which already exists as a matter of tions published in the Federal Register administrative decree, viz, judicial offi­ prior to this court decision in New York A New Weapon To Combat Obscenity in cer for the Post Office Department. The City. judicial officer renders the final agency The need for these procedures was the Mails decision on all obscenity and fraud mat­ mentioned by the General Counsel of the ters for the Post Office Department. He Post Office Department in his April 23, EXTENSION OF REMARKS is the alter ego of the Postmaster Gen­ 1959, statement. Accordingly, I feel OF eral in that respect. He is, by necessity, confident that my bill will receive the experienced in the legal and practical complete endorsement of the Post omce HON. RICHARD H. POFF problems of curbing obscenity and fraud Department. OF VIRGINIA in the mails. He is an independent offi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cer of the Post Office Department in the Tuesday, June 2, 1959 sense that he is not responsible to the General Counsel, to the inspectors, or to Anniversary of the Italian Republic Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, I have today any person in the Post Office Depart­ introduced in the House of Representa­ ment except the Postmaster General EXTENSION OF REMARKS tives a bill designed to give the Post Of­ himself. Normally he renders his deci­ fice Department a new weapon in its war sions as to whether a mailing is obscene OF against the flow of obscene and fraudu­ or fraudulent on appeal by either the HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO lent material in the U.S. mails. complainant-who is the General Coun­ OF CONNECTICUT The bill complements H.R.1877, which sel of the Post Office Department-or the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I introduced on January 9, 1959, and accused. which was referred to the Committee on However, the Post Ofiice Department Tuesday, June 2, 1959 the Judiciary. H.R. 1877 deals with the has only two hearing examiners, and it _Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, June criminal provisions of the United States is not likely that in the foreseeable future 2 marks another anniversary in the brief Code-specifically, with section 1461 of it will have any more hearing examiners. but determined recovery of Italy since title 18. Therefore, as a matter of economy and World War II. It was on this date in 9638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 2 1946 that the Italian people voted in vide 150,000 new classrooms, and 70,000 out whether the owners had previously favor of a republic and King Humbert more teachers. sent in donations for their Idento-Tags, II went into exile. So, in this anniversary of the found­ it was very surprising-and almost dis­ The conditions in which the Italian ing of the Italian Republic, it is fitting illusioning as to the gratitude of some Republic took root were not auspicious. to stop and salute what has been ac­ people-to learn that only about 21 per­ There was dissension among the peoples complished. We should renew our wel­ cent of those persons to whom sets of of Italy as a result of the war. Some come to Italy as a great ally and a pro­ lost keys have been returned have re­ hoped ardently for a full restoration of gressive nation and wish her wen as sponded with any donations to at least the monarchy. Others wanted a more she continues working to improve her­ reimburse the DAV for its extra ex­ progressive democratic constitution than self and the lot of her people. penses thereby incurred. Moreover, they seemed to have been promised. only about an additional 8 percent sent And the Communists, cynically hoping back "thank you" letters, with no ac­ to deliver Italy into the hands of a for­ companying donations. More than 70 eign power, were hard at work trying A Real Service Project percent failed to even express any ap­ to frustrate the workings of any govern­ preciation. Every such return of a set ment. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of lost keys, it would seem, ought to re­ Italy had many natural difficulties to OF sult in a real generous donation, for the overcome. The residue of the war, the services received from this service-giving damaged countryside, was a major prob­ HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT organization, the DAV. lem. The restoration of rail lines, public OF PENNSYLVANIA It was even more surprising to learn works, agricultural production, all . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that only about 15 percent of those who loomed large. In addition, there were received Idento-Tags respond with dona­ the natural problems of Italy with the Tuesday, June 2, 1959 tions. Fortunately, those who do so great need to overcome economic de­ Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, my 1·espond, with donations in many various pression and poverty. recent experience with a real service amounts, have done so with such aver­ The Italian Republic, in this less than project has impressed me to the extent age liberalness as to have enabled the encouraging position, faced up to the that I feel compelled to speak about it. DAV to pay for: First, the costs of the challenge. It set to work to secure po­ Distressed because of having lost my set carefully compiled lists of auto owners, litical stability, and has done so. It of keys for my automobile, house, office, their addresses and their auto license set to work to rebuild its military safety deposit box, and so forth, I was numbers, the 'rdento-Tags material, and strength on a sound base, and is today about to undergo the rather bothersome incidental equipment; second, the sal­ a valued ally in the North Atlantic task of getting them all replaced, if pos­ aries of its Idento-Tags employees, and Treaty Organization. Recently it was sible. Then I received a package from third, the expenditures involved in main­ announced that Italy is preparing to es­ the Idento-Tag Department of the Dis­ taining some 140 full-time accredited tablish Jupiter missiles as part of the abled American Veterans, 5555 Ridge trained national service officers, and NATO defenses. Thus, Italy is one of Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, containing my their secretaries, in all of the 63 regional the two countries establishing missile set of lost keys. A brief letter indicated offices, and three district offices, and the bases on the forward lines of the west­ that someone, having found them, had central office of the U.S. Veterans' Ad­ ern defenses. dropped them into a mailbox, where­ ministration where they have ready Italy has also set to work to rebuild upon, because of my miniature auto li­ access to the official claim folders of all enterprise and a sound economy and has cense tag being attached, the Post Of­ VA claimants. put people back to work. fi.ce Department delivered them to the Another eye-opening bit of informa­ The results have been amazing. In DAV. Its Idento-Tag Department there­ tion has been received as to "those em­ recent years, there has been a sharp by ascertained my name and address; ployed thereby.'' The DAV policy is to rise in industrial activity averaging an hence their speedy trip back to me. extend preference of employment op­ annual 8.2 increase from 1954 to 1957. I have been receiving such an Idento­ portunity to its own members-all of In 1958, although industrial production Tag each year for many years, and had whom, of course, are handicapped war slowed, a rise in agricultural production faithfully responded with my successive veterans-its DAV Auxiliary members, stimulated the increase in gross national dollar donations. It had not occurred to the dependents and survivors of disabled product to 3.5 percent, keeping it on the me that such Idento-Tags were any more veterans, and to other handicapped upward curve. than a clever attention-getter to arouse Americans. Among the 442 persons em­ With all this, Italy has also taken a the generosity of the recipient to help ployed at the DAV national headquar­ position of leadership among the Euro­ the DAV to maintain its nationwide per­ ters, according to a very recent compi­ pean states. She has been active in sonalized rehabilitation services for dis­ lation, 329, or 74.4 percent, are either the cause of European integration and couraged disabled veterans, their de­ DA V or DAV Auxiliary members. More­ has announced her willingness to study pendents, and their survivors. This over, most of the 113 with no veteran direct elections to a European Parlia­ much needed DAV rehabilitation service, status are severely handicapped em­ mentary Assembly. She upholds the extended each year to scores of thou­ ployees. peaceful resolution of international dis­ sands, is of great humanitarian value to This exemplary record of useful em­ putes in the United Nations. those directly affected, which also con­ ployment of handicapped Americans She has been a friendly host to mil­ verts them into assets for their respective ought to be regarded as a vocational re­ lions of Americans who have gone to communities. habilitation project in itself. Their sal­ visit her as tourists and it has become This personal experience aroused my aries, in fairness, ought not to be charged one of this Nation's favorite excursion curiosity to try to find out some pertinent up as a part of its fundraising expense, and holiday points. Of some 15 million facts about this DAV Idento-Tag project. although that's the classification of any people who visited Italy last year, al­ As the result of my inquiries I have come auditor. If such salaries were not most a million were Americans. to the personal conclusion that it is a charged up as an expense of .the project, Italy has gone on working to improve real service project, in three important then the fundraising percentage cost her domestic economy and society. She ways to, first, automobile owners, second, would naturally be at a much lower fig­ has done much to house her people, those employed thereby, and third, those ure. combat unemployment, and promote the distressed disabled defenders of our Even more important, if a higher per­ economic welfare of the south as well country whom the DAV is thereby en­ centage of the Idento-Tag recipients as :fight other problems. abled to help with their multifarious and of owners of returned lost keys, In education, a 10-year plan has been problems. would respond with substantial dona­ created to make schooling compulsory As to automobile owners, since 1942, tions, then the percentage figure as to its for all children through the age of 14. some 1,400,000 sets of lost keys have been fundraising costs would go drastically In the past, facilities have unfortu­ returned to them, because of attached down, and the percentage of its net in­ nately not been available to do this. Idento-Tags, at an extra cost to the DAV, come would be .Proportionately higher. Now a special appropriation of $2 billion on the average, of more than $1 for each Such sorely needed additional net income has been earmarked over and above or­ set returned. Incidentally, without any would maintain its national service of­ dinary appropriations. It should pro- effort whatsover by the DAV first to find ficer setup on a more adequate basis and 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9639 possibly enable it to put into effect its Reclamation to commence construction mitment to wheel dump and secondary long cherished objective-to maintain of an electric transmission line from power. one or more full-time national service Sioux City, Iowa, to Spencer, Iowa, and The following article appearing in the representatives in each of the 173 hospi· from Sioux City to Creston, Iowa. Iowa Farm Bureau Spokesman on Satur­ tals operated by the U.S. Veterans' Ad· Many of the REA cooperatives and day, May 16, 1959, sums up the benefits ministration, where they could accom· municipalities have been unable to re· to be deprived by the construction of plish so much for so many disheartened ceive allocations of low cost electric these lines: disabled veterans. power from the Missouri River Dams URGE CONSTRUCTION OF POWERLINES FROM Detailed monthly service reports, re· because there has been no transmission MISSOURI DAMS quired to be sent in to the DAV national system available to deliver the power The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation has director of claims, located at 1701 18th to them. Such a transmission system recommended that Federal funds be used Street NW., Washington, D.C., by all has been provided in the other Missouri to help construct transmission lines to bring of the DAV's some 140 national service basin States. In anticipation of the new electric power into Iowa from Bureau of officers, reveal that, during a recent 10- projects on the Missouri commencing to Reclamation dams on the Missouri River. generate power, new allocations of that Farm Bureau approval of the new project year period, they had reviewed 3,453,604 came following a study by the IFBF board of claim folders, made 1,382,863 appear­ power are shortly to be announced. The directors which indicated that further de­ ances before VA claims and rating line provided for in the public works lays would be costly to farmers and private boards, obtained 537,367 favorable appropriation bill will enable that power funds from farmer-owned rural electric co­ awards, including 99,054 disability serv· to be delivered to the places where the operatives and municipal power companies in ice connections, and so forth, thus each cooperatives and municipalities need it. the western one-third of Iowa were not im­ year bringing additional thousands of Studies show that Bureau power re­ mediately available. sults in savings to the cooperatives and In making its recommendation, the board dollars of governmental benefits into of directors pointed out that allocation of every community throughout the Na­ municipalities to be served by the pro­ power for this area is already available from tion. posed line of more than two and one· the Department of the Interior. If each auto owner were to go to the quarter millions of dollars per year. It The proposed transmission lines would nearest VA regional office, and there con· should be emphasized that the con· carry power from the Bureau of Reclamation tact one of the DA V's expert special struction of this line will not cost tax· facilities near Sioux City to the Corn Belt payers one penny. The entire cost of Power Cooperative's station near Spencer. advocates, who advise and assist less One other line would carry power to the well informed handicapped war vet­ the line, together with interest, will be amortized over a period of 50 years by Southwestern Federated Power Cooperative's erans, then I feel sure that thereafter station near Creston. every such Idento-Tag recipient would the cooperatives and municipalities It is estimated the new transmission lines respond generously, when he receives an through the rates they pay the Bureau would serve 60,000 people reached by munici­ Idento-Tag or the return of his lost of Reclamation for power. After pay. pals and 299,000 people reached by rural keys-knowing that his generosity will ing all costs, including replacement electric cooperatives. thereby help the DAV to obtain justifiable costs, the Government will make a profit disability compensation, medical treat­ of more than $12,000 per year. ment, physical and vocational rehabilita· When the original allocations of tion for distressed disabled war veter­ power were made several years ago, Finns and Oregonians: "Finnogonians" ans-who deserve the opportunity to sur­ many of our cooperatives and munici· mount their service-incurred handicaps, palities were told they could not receive EXTENSION OF REMARKS in order to be enabled to live in our an allocation because no transmission OF American way. was available. The power companies in Service to, for, and by America's dis· the area made no offer to provide such HON. CHARLES 0. PORTER abled defenders is the one-purpose pro· transmission and those cooperatives and OF OREGON municipalities have had to do without IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram of the DAV-as its best contribu· the benefits of Missouri River power. tion to them, to all of their communities, Now, with new allocations about to be· Tuesday, June 2, 1959 and to America. The DA V's unique Iden· come available, they have come to Con· Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, the Fin· to-Tag project combining a real service gress asking for an appropriation to en. landia Pictorial, Finland's only maga. for automobile owners, handicapped able the Bureau to build the necessary zine in English, has devoted its May 1959 DAV emplyoees and to all DAV serviced transmission system so that they might issue to the Oregon Centennial, empha­ claimants-deserves the enthusiastic and share in the benefits of that power. sizing the ties between Oregon and Fin­ generous support of all Americans. What do the power companies do n0w? land. Under previous consent, I in· They rush in here to oppose the line elude the editor's greetings to the Oregon and in an attempt to block the line offer Centennial and the lead article, the to wheel the power to the cooperatives ''Finnogonians." Also included are cables Public . Works Appropriation Bill . and municipalities over the company's of welcome to the Finnish exhibit at the lines. This would be fine if their pro· Portland International Trade Fair from EXTENSION OF REMARKS posal would fill the needs of the pref· Oregon's Governor Hatfield and from out OF erence customers. Unfortunately, it distinguished junior Senator, RICHARD HON. MERWIN COAD just would not do the job. L. NEUBERGER: The company's lines over which they FINLANDIA PICTORIAL EDITOR COMMEMORATES OF IOWA propose to wheel do not go to the places OREGON'S CENTENNIAL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where the power is needed by the co­ This is a special issue of Finlandia Pic­ Tuesday, June 2, 1959 operatives and municipalities. They torial commemorating the 100th anniversary would be forced to expend large sums of of the Beaver State of Oregon. We are Mr. COAD. Mr. Speaker, the public money to connect to the company's sys. pleased to have the opportunity of devoting works appropriation bill is scheduled for terns. The proposed Bureau lines would our pages to the memories and the links consideration by the House on Friday that, sim~e 1638, have built a bridge of kind of this week. take the power to where it is needed. thoughts and good will across the Atlantic The company's wheeling arrangement between our country and the United States. I wish to commend Chairman CAN· would cost the cooperatives and munici· NON and the members of his subcom· A hundred years ago Oregon was promoted palities more than $600,000 per year in to statehood. Now, in 1959, Oregonians a.re mittee for the very thorough considera· excess of their costs if the Bureau line is celebrating the event with scores of festivals, tion they have given to each of the items built. This is a staggering amount to shows, and fairs. Finland is one of the more in that bill. I wish to urge my col· these small consumer owned organiza­ distant countries taking part in the Interna­ leagues to vote for the bill. tions, and would have a most detrimental tional Trade Fair a.t Portland in connection There is one item in the bill which effect on the farm economy of Iowa. with the centennial exposition. Finlandia is of the greatest importance to my dis· Pictorial wishes to join the birthday party, There is no assurance excess capacity and copies of this issue will be distributed to trict and to all of western Iowa. will be available in the company's lines visitors to the fair. The item to which I refer is an ap­ sufficient to wheel the Bureau power in Why is Finland participating? For those propriation to enable the Bureau of the future. Also there is no firm com· who really do not know and for those who 9640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 2 do but like to see the answer in print, Fin­ were rushed to these frontier farmers by Ed win Houtari. He was born near Hancock, landis. Pictorial gives the reasons. The U.S. soldiers who were amazed how well Mich., and after graduating from the eighth Finns, like so many other peoples, helped. the simple immigrants could shoot. The In­ grade attended Suomi College in its first build America. The Americans and Finns dians swept over the Finnish farms but year of existence before it had a permanent are no strangers to each other, even those burned no buildings. Nor is there any rec­ home. At 16 years of age he went to his who have no mutual intimate connections. ord that the Finns ever shot any Indians uncle's homestead in Hayti, S. Dak., where We wish to greet especially the Finns of but their splendid U.S. Army rifles later kept he was joined later by his parents and the Oregon, the Finnogonians, if a neologism them in deer meat. Among those who other children. He farmed. there for years is allowed. In a truly pioneer spirit, with watched for Indians on hilltops while father and married •Ida, a Finnish girl who arrived Mr. John 0. Virtanen as their enthusiastic plowed in the valley were Albert Haarala, a alone at 17 from Oulu. leader, they are realizing the project of the retired Portland insurance man, and his The Houtaris were active in the Finnish Finnish classroom in Portland State College. brother, Henry, a retired Spanish-American community, supporting its church and var­ Every pupil of the Finnish room will learn War veteran in California. ious other activities. Assessor of the town­ something of the land of the Finnish fore­ It was not until the railroads were built ship, Houtari ran for sheriff on the Nonpar­ fathers and gather a fact or two about Fin­ by Swedes, Norwegians, Chinese, Finns and tisan ticket but lost to a Republican. He land. others across America that nonsailor Finns moved to Oregon in 1936 and worked as a This is our reward. It is not only the came to the new State of Oregon which had carpenter and in shipyards until he retired Finns and Americans of the present genera­ fine land for homesteading, fine timber for to make toys for his 15 grandchildren and 5 tion that learn to know each other. In the slashing and fine fish for kala moijakka­ great-grandchildren. Most of them are in future both they and all nations may under­ flsh stew to you. Some of these immigrants Oregon, too, the new home of many Finnish­ stand better how to help each other to build arrived direct from Finland but most of born. the world. them hopped across America from Inining THE EDITOR, camp to mining camp and from mining camp to Dust Bowl. Thirteenth Anniversary of the Italian We have pleasure in publishing these two LITTLE FINLANDS Republic cables received from the United States of They were eager to ge.t started on farms, America: but most of them also fished in the Columbia The Governor of Oregon: "Oregonians are and worked in the winter at building in the EXTENSION OF REMARKS proud of the many Finnish people who reside nearest towns. Besides, they were the migra­ here and the role they have played in our tory workers of the day, picking hops for the OF century of statehood. We are most grateful, breweries, berries for canneries, and prunes HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. to learn that the publishers of Finlandia for dryers. They created Little Finlands in Pictorial are dedicating their May issue to which they had their own churches, confirma­ OF NEW JERSEY Oregon and our centennial exposition and tion schools, instruction in the Finnish lan­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES international trade fair which begins June guage, temperance societies and of course Tuesday, June 2, 1959 lOth and continues for 100 days. We wel­ their own Saturday night sauna gatherings. come the world, and especially readers of this The temperance society broadened into a cul­ Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, today is publication to Oregon in 1959. tural crusade which gave plays, recitals and the 13th anniversary of the founding of "MARK 0. HATFIELD." songfests. the Italian Republic. It was on June 2, The junior Senator from Oregon: "Oregon always has had close ties of friendship and THE HELSINKI OF THE NORTHWEST 1946, that Italy began her new life as a admiration for Finland. Both realms share Once Finnish emigrants found that they modem democratic republic. Anniver­ seacoast grandeur, vast timberlands, and could make a living at Columbia River fish­ saries are days to remember the accom­ wealth in fisherie:;. The Finnish colony at ing alone -without having to farm on the plishments of the past that give us in­ Astoria has enriched and improved. our State. bank, they settled in Astoria and other grow­ spiration for the future. The Italian We welcome the official Finnish Government ing communities. Eventually Astoria be­ people indeed can be proud of what t11ey exhibit at our international centennial trade came the Helsinki of the Northwest with two have done in these 13 years. There is. fair. Warm regards to all. Finnish newspapers, one church edited and no need to retell once more the impact "RICHARD L. NEUBERGER." the other published by Socialists. The district attracted outstanding Finnish emi­ of World War II upon the Italian nation. grants, such as the three Kankkonen broth­ Suffice to say that widespread economic THE FINNOGONIANS ers, Matti, Kane and Frithiof, who had had reconstruction was necessary and the (By Walter Mattila, Portland, Oreg.) building experience in Finland. They estab­ foundations of a new political system had The first Finn whose name survives in early lished a boatshop which expanded during to be laid over the ruins of fascism. But Oregon history was a colorful Wild West citi· World War I into wooden shipbuilding. beyond this were the personal wounds of zen-a gold prospector, Indian fighter, poli­ They were for 40 years the leaders of the more than 20 years of totalitarian dicta­ tician, real estate operator, flour mill owner large Finnish cooperative cannery, Union and finally, of course, consul for Russia and Fisherman's Cooperative Packing Co. Some torship. These had to be healed with the then Grand Duchy of Finland. of their boatshop employees, such as Kivi­ the balm of hope that Italian freedom Like the other early Finnish settlers of the jarvi and Tolonen, set up their own boat­ would not once again be snuffed out. coastal areas, he was a seaman. After building enterprises and turned out fishing In 1959, it is clear that Italian democ­ panning but little gold in California, he ar­ vessels for Oregon, Washington, and Alaska racy is working. The center coalition rived in Portland-the home of the 1959 cen­ waters. Many early Finnish fishermen built has a broad basis of popular support and tennial of Oregon's statehood-in 1853 when their own boats. Besides clearing thousands of acres of the Italian people have rejected the the city was only 3 years old and the State of minor neo-Fascist groups. Although the Oregon was still to be carved out of the vast rugged Oregon wilderness for their own region between the new State of California farms, Finnish emigrants were active in log­ Communists remain a deterrent to more and the new Canadian border. ging and sawmilling. Later emigrants from e:fiective national government, they The first Finnogonian was Gustaf Hen­ Finnish plywood centers played an important stand little chance of coming to power nila, but at sea and in the goldfields he was part in developing that industry in the because even though they receive some plain Gust Wilson, the name he used in Northwest. 22 percent of the popular vote, the other Oregon until he became Consul Gustaf Wil­ Many of the Finnogonians who are par­ ticipating in the Oregon centennial, which parties have isolated them and rejected son. Through his first year in Oregon Ter­ all Communist o:fiers to form a coalition. ritory he was Private Wilson of the volunteer has a large Finnish exhibition of export militia which took the fight out of the In­ goods, are old Americans but new Oregoni­ The Italian Republic has made a dians in the Puget Sound area, now Seattle ans. This is not strange for 60 percent of frontal attack upon the economic prob­ and Tacoma. the population of Oregon was born outside lems facing the country. The 10-year Home from the war, he made good in poli­ the State. Vanoni plan for national economic tics in Josephine County. He was first THE FINNISH-SPEAKING HOUTARIS growth aims at a 5 percent annual in­ elected. coroner, a high office in the gunhappy The sons of hard-working Finnish pioneers crease in the gross national product by gold camps, and later county clerk for 4 years. got a good start in machine logging when 1964. In order to do this capital invest­ Then he returned to Portland and acquired mechanization came to the northwest forests ment has been stepped up, the perennial considerable property in real estate opera­ after 1890. Still an operating engineer in unemployment problem tackled, and tions. Portland, 68-year-old John Henry Simon­ FARMING A BATTLEFIELD son (Juhan Hentrik Maattala) at 15 years of foreign trade expanded. Special atten­ More than 20 years after Wilson was age was forcing logs onto railroad flatcars tion has been given to development of through fighting Indians, the new Finnish by turning jackscrews, the same principle as the economically less-well-o:fi parts of settlement in the wheatlands of eastern raising a house. the country and in particular, to south­ Oregon became a battlefield in the last Among the many comparatively recent ar­ ern Italy. Progress has been made Indian war of Far West history. Weapons rivals in Oregon is the clan of Mr. and Mrs. though much remains to be accom- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9641 plished. In 1958, Italy had a 4.1 percent by a man who has been through it. It THE SAVING COBALT BEAMS real increase in its gross national product is well written, as is always the case And so began the long and patient effort of with this distinguished Senator. my physicians to teach a layman-even a and for the second time since the early layman who had been sponsor of cancer-re.;. 1900's Italy was a net exporter of goods I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ search legislation-that cancer is not one and services, by some $200 million. In:.. ticle be printed in the RECORD. disease, but many. If my tumor had turned vestment is now increasing after 'a set­ There being no objection, the article out to be any of several other types, my out­ back caused by last year's recession and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, look would have been hopeless. These types, the first victories have been recorded in as follows: explained my doctors, were not responsive to the battle against unemployment. WHEN I LEARNED I HAD CANCER radiation, and it was on radiation. that my The Italian Republic has also inaugu­ life now depended. Fortunately, my cell­ {By RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, U.S. Senator, type was that of a tumor long regarded as rated a new life for the nation in foreign Oregon) susceptible to destruction by radiotherapy. · affairs. Economic and military coopera­ (The intimate personal story of a success­ "Was there spread?" I inquired fearfully. tion are now the watchwords for the day. ful treatment, by recently developed methods Yes, admitted my doctors, there was spread. Italy has joined with the United States and the effect of such an experience on one This tumor almost invariably metastasized and most of the countries of Western Eu­ man's character and outlook on life.) early. Rapid dissemination was one of its rope for the common defense in the face My grandmother died a lingering death Sit characteristics. There were indications of of the common threat presented by So­ the age of 57. I then was 12 years old and cancer in both my lungs. They added that devoted to her, since she took my part when­ the spread was "minimal"-so little, in fact, viet Russia. Italy has nine divisions ever parental discipline threatened. On the that they had missed it on the first X-rays. in the NATO forces and some of the first day of her death I was brought into the bed­ But it was there, a very small spot on the NATO intermediate range missiles are room. "RICHARD," she told rrre, "Grandma's periphery of each lung. If not destroyed, to be placed on Italian territory. On dying." the spots would grow 1:1ntil they were the size the economic front, it is apparent that Afterward, frightened and trembling, I of baseballs or larger. After that, they would Italy is linking her economic future to asked the nurse what had caused my grand­ eventually spill out of the lung, reaching to that of the other western European mother's death. "She had cancer," the nurse the brain and other vital organs. This, of countries. One of the first examples of replied. Not until then had I been trusted course, would be the terminal stage of the this was Italian participation in the Or­ with this information. My grandmother had disease. never known the nature of her illness, and This candor encouraged me. If my doctors ganization for European Economic Co­ the family had feared I might betray the were so truthful with me about the spread of operation, set up in 1947 for the success secret to her. the illness and its fatal possibilities, would of the Marshall plan. Italian coopera­ Perhaps because of the emotional impact they be lying about the vulnerability of the tion has been continued in such groups of this episode, I have been deeply concerned tumor to radiation? This glimmer of hope as the European Coal and Steel Com­ with medical-research legislation ever since was strengthened when medical texts came munity, the Common Market, and I entered the U.S. Senate in 1955. Under the down from the shelves and I was shown, like Euratom. They all give new hope for tutelage of Senator LISTER HILL, of -Alabama, a schoolboy, that the cell-type named in my the pioneer legislator in this field, I helped to pathological report had been proven destruc­ improvement of the Italian- economic tible by radiation over a long history of med­ future and the future o.f the whole of get approval of increases in research grants for the National Cancer Institute from $21 ical cases. Western Europe. million to $75 million. Many times during I will never forget the afternoon I spent in Italy's great political advances which those debates I mentioned that 40 million a rowboat on a quiet mountain lake with the successfully stemmed the tide of com­ Americans now living were destined to suf­ radiologist who was to treat me. munism and brought about this signifi­ fer from cancer. I believe I stressed it on the "Cure is not inevitable," he began, and I cant economic recovery can be at­ afternoon last spring when Senator HILL, felt perspiration creep over my body. "But tributed, in the main, to the determina­ Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, and I welcomed .if we get any breaks at all," continued the tion and foresight of one of its ablest delega1;es from the Cured Cancer Congress, radiologist, "we think you're going to be who dramatically thronged the Senate gal­ cured." · leaders, the late Alcide de Gasperi. It "What do you mean by breaks?" I asked. was he who set the course and happily leries. Yet none of this prepared me for the day "First," he answered, "you must be able his successors followed. And today, un­ last August, in Portland, Oreg., when our to tolerate the treatment so the necessary der the stewardship of Prime Minister family doctor-who is also my closest friend­ number of roentgens can be applied to the Segni and the able Minister of Foreign told me that I probably had cancer. Iron­ affected areas. That's a whole lot easier with Affairs, Pella, Italy looks ahead to even ically, I had gone to him merely to ask him cobalt than with the old-style X-ray therapy. Second, we hope that additional new lesions greater tomorrows. to look at a sore in my mouth, which turned do not appear throughout your chest in such It is important on this 13th anniver­ out to be trivial. The malignancy had pro­ duced no symptoms. numbers that we would have to apply a high sary of the founding of the Italian Re­ dose of radiation to your entire lungs-for public to pause and remember how great While I lay on the table waiting for a that cannot be done safely. To a limited the progress has been in little more than specialist from the University of Oregon area in the chest, definitely yes; to entire Medical School to confirm the diagnosis, my chest, no." a decade. This progress also gives as­ mind kept insisting that this could not pos­ surance to the Italian people and to all As I started my brief daily treatments sibly be. This was the kind of thing which beneath the cobalt-60 cone, my doctors the free world that Italy is walking always happened to somebody else, but never pared down my speaking schedule. They steadily down the road to democracy, to me. I soon woUld awaken from the night­ let me keep some speaking engagements in economic progress, and international co­ mare, the cold chills WQUld subside, my heart Oregon, because they felt it would be bet-:­ would stop pounding-and my wife and I operation. Italy, we salute you. ter for my mental outlook to be moderately would be driving through evergreen forests active rather than to become a semi-inva1id. to our annual vacation on the seacoast. They made me warn each sponsoring group, But when I did awaken, it was after surgery however, that my appearance might be can­ at the Teaching Hospital. The little lump in celed at the last moment because of radia­ When I Learned I Had Cancer-Article my testicle, caught miraculously early, was tion reactions. During 5 months of treat­ nonetheless malignant. There was no doubt by Senator Neuberger ment, I spoke 53 times. In addition, I pre­ about that. I lay back, physically and psy­ sided at six Senate hearings, some as dis­ chologically exhausted, and wondered how tant from Portland as San Francisco and soon I was to die. Then I heard the doctor, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Kalispell, Mont. Not one had to be can­ who earlier had been so candid with me, celed. This indicates not only how I OF saying: tolerated the cobalt treatments but also the "We think you're going to be all right." skill with which I was treated. HON. BARRY GOLDWATER Through the haze of the anesthetic which Hope lives by example, and I think one OF ARIZONA had not yet worn off, I remember that I an­ of my main sources of strength during a IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES swered, "Ypu're just telling me that to keep long period of anxiety was to meet other me fro~ being overcome by panic. It's not men who had suffered the same malignancy Tuesday, June 2, 1959 true." and gone on to full recoveries. Several were Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, in The doctor's reply was dogmatic: "If the in the little lumber town of Lebanon, Oreg., the June issue of Harper's magazine permanent histological sections tomorrow and called themselves "the club." My spirits there. is a very interesting article writ­ confirm the frozen section studies in the soared when William C. Doherty, president surgery today, we're very hopeful that you of the National Association of Letter Car­ ten by one of our colleagues, the junior are going to have a complete recovery." riers,. told me one of his sons had recovered Senator from Oregon, RicHARD- L. NEu­ I still suspected that, like my grand­ from a testicular tumor 6 years ago. And BERGER. It is a most interesting descrip;. mother, I was just another cancer patient I read at least a dozen times a letter from tion of the·coming of cancer to a patient who was being drugged with lies. a talented Portland doctor my age, who was 9642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 2 teaching in the medical school at Djakarta lesions began to show signs of growing of Vermont, MARGARET CHASE SMITH Of Maine, on the Indonesian island of Java. "Eight smaller relatively soon after the cobalt treat­ and ALAN BmLE of Nevada went by my suite years ago I traveled the same path you are ment started-indeed, far earlier than they in the Senate Office Building frequently to traveling now," he wrote. This kind of en­ had dared to hope. They lost their hard inquire about my health. On the other hand couragement to a cancer victim cannot ever outlines on the X-ray film and appeared there were some fellow Democratic liberals be measured. fuzzy and ghostlike. The time was to come from whom I never received so much as a when a trained radiologist, taking films postcard during the 5 months of my treat­ Where is the best treatment. available? for a routine checkup in Washington, could ment. From the beginning, my friends in the not discern the exact location where the Under such circumstances it becomes hard East were greatly alarmed that I was re­ lesions originally had been. to bristle at people for political reasons. At ceiving therapy in a place which, to them, So the pathology done at the Teaching the treatment center, each patient receiving seemed so remote and even primitive. Why Hospital was confirmed. Equally significant, radiation had a separate little shelf for his wasn't I at the Mayo Clinic, or the National my doctors felt that the worth of the actino­ or her linen smock. Here were the names .Institutes of Health, or the Harvard Medi­ myocin, as a so-called potentiating agent of a Republican banker, a Democratic Sena­ cal Center? Several friends generously of­ with the cobalt had been clearly proved. tor, a liberal college professor, a socially fered to pay the travel and medical bills to And I recalled the day before Senator HILL'S prominent housewife. We might be separat­ any center of international renown. I know Subcommittee on Health Appropriations ed on questions of balancing the budget or that throughout my entire therapy they when Dr. Farber and his brilliant medical public power, but we were united by some­ worried over the quality of my care. A associate, Dr. I. S. Ravdin, had testified that, thing more fundamental: a realization that member of President Eisenhower's staff in their opinion, chemotherapy offered the life itself is a privilege and not a right. wanted to help arrange for treatment at single most promising avenue for hastening I am glad that I insisted upon my doctors' Walter Reed. our ultimate conquest of cancer. While I disclosing publicly, from the very start, the Yet my own decision was never in doubt. may overdramatize my own case, I thought nature of my illness. The medical profession I had complete personal confidence in my it was an extraordinary coincidence that a and the press are not the most congenial of doctors in Portland. I think this is enor­ Senator so actively interested in cancer-re­ companions, and doctors often think that mously important with a disease that im­ search legislation should himself, at the age what affects their patient is none of the pub­ poses such heavy psychological stress. Fur­ of 46, have been treated by all three meth­ lic's business. I disagree, when the patient thermore, I was meeting people day after ods thus far discovered-surgery, radiation, is a public official of any prominence. Sev­ day who had survived malignancies more and chemotherapy. eral times during recent years major officials serious than mine, and they had received I imagine all sensitive people have won­ in Oregon have suffered from cancer but no their care in Oregon. dered about the mental outlook of some­ announcement of the fact was made except This faith in my own doctors was justi­ body who has cancer. Of course, such re­ posthumously. This contrasts with the fied when, midway during my treatments, actions are highly individualistic. "Cancer commendable candor surrounding the illness one of the Nation's great cancer specialists finds us as we are," Dr. Farber has said. of John Foster Dulles. Beyond all this, I visited Portland-Dr. Sidney Farber, direc­ "It does not make the weak strong or the believe that a heavy obligation rests on any tor of the Children's Cancer Foundation of strong ·weak." Furthermore, my own case, individual who has recovered from cancer, Boston and chairman of many of the chemo­ from its earliest stages, was regarded as particularly somebody who is in the public therapy panels of the National Cancer In­ hopeful-although my doctors had a trying eye. stitute. He and I had become intimate time convincing me of this. Leaders in the American Cancer Society friends through my sponsorship of legisla­ Yet a change came over me which I be­ have told me that cancer has such horrifying tion for medical research. He studied my lieve is irreversible. Questions of prestige, connotations to many people that thousands, case thoroughly. of political success, of financial status, be­ even after they recognize their symptoms, At the Portland airport, as he made ready came all at once unimportant. In those still refuse to seek prompt medical treat­ to fl.y back to Boston, Dr. Farber said to me, first hours when I realized I had cancer, I ment. They fear their case is hopeless and "If I had been in the least dissatisfied with never thought of my seat in the Senate, of that they will be hurt by doctors to no pur­ your care, you would be on the Mainliner my bank account, or of the destiny of the pose. Time for successful treatment may with me tonight, en route east. But you free world. I worried over my cat Muffet. run out for these people while they hesitate. must stay here. You are being treated with Who would take care of him? What would They find it difficult to believe that 30 per­ skill and wisdom. I am impressed with ypur happen to my wife when I was gone? And cent of cancer cases are being saved right doctors as real medical scholars. In fact, how would it feel to die? now, even though no major breakthrough I think you should let them complete your My wife and I have not had a quarrel since has yet been made. But this fact can be therapy in Portland, even if it extends over my 11lness was diagnosed. I used to scold given dramatic impact whenever a person of into the start of the next session of Congress. her about squeezing the toothpaste from the prominence is included in the 30 percent. Don't transfer your case." top instead of the bottom, about not cater­ When I was welcomed back on the floor of As Dr. Farber's plane took off, my hopes ing sufficiently to my fussy appetite, about the Senate the Senator from Idaho, 34-year­ stood higher than at any time since I had making up guest lists without consulting old F'RANK CHURCH, revealed that he had suf­ heard the bad news in August. I had also me, about spending too much on clothes. fered from the same sort of cancer when he been confirmed in my belief that many tal­ Now I am either unaware of such matters or was a student at Stanford Unversity 11 years ented doctors are scattered all over the they seem irrelevant. In their stead has earlier. United States and not concentrated in one or come a new appreciation of things I once From my experience an old word has come two celebrated medical centers. took for granted-eating lunch with a friend, to have new meaning for me. It is "seren­ Dr. Farber left with my doctors a supply scratching Muffet's ears and listening for his dipity." It was coined by Horace Walpole of actinomycin-one of the new chemical purrs, the company of my wife, reading a to describe the three wandering Princes of agents recently developed for the treatment book or magazine in the quiet cone of my ancient Serendip (Ceylon), who were always of cancer. Administered by itself, actino­ bed lamp at night, raiding the refrigerator making lucky and unexpected finds by acci­ mycin often must be used in such large for a glass of orange juice or slice of coffee dent. If there is any one issue about which I quantities, in order to have an effect on cake. long have felt strongly, it is the fact that our tumors, that it comes as a toxic reaction. For the first time I think I actually am total investment in cancer research-Federal But, used in conjunction with radiation, savoring life. I realize, finally, that I am not and private-falls far short of what we spend even small doses of actinomycin have helped immortal. I shudder when I remember all on permanent waves or even parimutuel to make the radiation far more effective on the occasions that I spoiled for myself-even wagers. It is less than 2 percent of what we certain types of tumors. My particular type when I was in the best of health-by false spend on cigarettes and barely more than of lesion happened to be one of these. pride, synthetic values, and fancied slights. 1 percent of what we spend on liquor. Two out of three American families will be af­ My doctors took chest films from week to Politics looks di fferent flicted by cancer; yet the Federal Treasury week, as they applied the cobalt rays and Politically, I have changed, too. I doubt pours out 65 times as much money on price injected actinomycin into my arm. The supports for six favored crops as it does to feared mass seeding of my lungs had not if ever again I could be wholly partisan. The response of the people in Oregon to my ill­ investigate the causes of and possible cures occurred. This, in itself, was a source of ness reflected no party lines. Republicans for cancer. jubilation to the doctors. Yet I still worried. as well as Democrats offered us the use of Now I can talk about this situation more What if the original pathology had been wrong? What if the spot in each lung their beach cottages or mountain cabins for effectively to my colleagues in Congress. For convalescence. The press, without exception, I can tell them that I, myself, am alive to­ proved resistant to the cobalt beams and was friendly and concerned. The Republi­ day because of medical research. What would continued to grow? And would my doctors can State chairman wrote a glowing letter have happened in my case without cobalt tell me the truth if this should happen? Many times I awakened in the night and about what a good Senator I had been. An­ radiation and actinomycin? imagined I could feel the lesions expanding other Republican politician telephoned my Like the Princes of Serendip, I was in quest within my chest. sister, offering to give blood if a transfusion of one thing and I found something else. I were necessary. Senator BARRY GOLDWATER sought desperately a· restoration to health What a cancer victim thinks about sent a telegram from a remote Arizona town, and I discovered, along with it, the oppor­ In the daylight, fantasy yielded to reality. tell1ng us that he and his wife Peggy were tunity to symbolize a cause which may help No one could have feigned the relief and praying for me. Other Republican or con­ in the future to bring health to countless satisfaction of my doctors when the lung servative Senators, including GEORGE AIKEN others.