DOCSLIB.ORG

Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in a Primary Rain Forests of the Chocó Region (Colombia) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in a Primary Rain Forests of the Chocó Region (Colombia) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Ospina-Torres, Rodulfo; Montoya-Pfeiffer, Paula María; Parra, Alejandro; Solarte, Víctor; Tupac Otero, Joel Interaction networks and the use of floral resources by male orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in a primary rain forests of the Chocó Region (Colombia) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 63, núm. 3, septiembre, 2015, pp. 647-658 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44939781008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Interaction networks and the use of floral resources by male orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in a primary rain forests of the Chocó Region (Colombia) Rodulfo Ospina-Torres1, Paula María Montoya-Pfeiffer1, Alejandro Parra-H. 1,2, Víctor Solarte1 & Joel Tupac Otero3,4 1. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas LABUN, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Ecologia e evolução de abelhas, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo; [email protected] 3. Grupo de Investigación en Orquídeas, Ecologia y Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Palmira; [email protected] 4. Instituto de Estúdios Ambientales IDEA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Palmira; [email protected] Received 13-VIII-2014. Corrected 07-II-2015. Accepted 09-III-2015. Abstract: Orchid bees are important keystone pollinators from the Neotropics. With the aim to study the rela- tionships between orchid bees and their nectar and aromatic host species, we made systematic samplings of males across two conservation areas in the biogeographic Chocó Region of Colombia. We used chemical baits to collect 352 male bees during five months. The pollen attached to their bodies was extracted for palynological identification and to estimate interaction networks. The euglossine community consisted of at least 22 species including Eg. maculilabris, Eg. orellana, Eg. championi and Eg. ignita. The male bees were associated with 84 plants but depended on a small group of them (Peperomia spp. and Anthurium spp, as well as species of Solanaceae, Ericaceae and Malpighiaceae) which were widely distributed across the altitudinal gradient, and were available through the year. The resulting interaction networks revealed a typical nested pattern usually found in plant-pollinator interactions, with several rare bee and plant species interaction with a small group of generalist bees and plant species. Albeit, we found variation within networks related to species composition. Such variation may be a consequence of specific differences in plant flowering phenology. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (3): 647-658. Epub 2015 September 01. Key words: community ecology, plant-insect relationships, Rio Ñambí Natural Reserve, pollinators, interaction networks; mutualisms. Plant-pollinator interaction had been the plants are more diverse than in temper- focused at the species level (Duque-Buitra- ate areas. For example, the cloud forest of La go, Quintero, & Otero, 2014); nevertheless, Planada on the Western slope of the Andes more recently community level pollination in the South of Colombia contain more than studies had been explored on a broader per- 890 vascular plant species (Vallejo, Samper, spective using interaction networks (Fontaine, Memdoza, & Otero, 2004). This high plant Dajoz, Meriguet, & Loreau, 2005; Vázquez diversity may be associated with a concordant & Aizen, 2004). Plant-pollinator networks are requirement of pollinators producing complex now known to be asymmetric in their special- plant-pollinator networks. ization affecting the community organization Male orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) are and ecosystem sustainability (Bascompte, Jor- important pollinators of lowland Neotropics dano, Melián, & Olesen, 2003; Fontaine et al., Angiosperm (Ackerman, 1985; Roubik & Han- 2005; Vázquez & Aizen, 2004). In the tropics, son, 2004). The importance of male Euglossini Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 63 (3): 647-658, September 2015 647 bees has been documented for many plant fam- predominantly by a sub-Andean cloud forest ilies in different ecological and evolutionary which is currently subjected to various defor- contexts (Ramírez, Dressler, & Ospina, 2002); estation processes. Precipitation in the region bees visited nine plant families as aromatic is the highest in Colombia (7 100 mm per year) resources and 35 families for nectar, pollen with little seasonality, but a wetter season does and/or nesting materials. They also collect food occur between January and July. The annual resources such as nectar with their long tongues average temperature is 24 °C with small varia- (a characteristic of the tribe) playing a determi- tions across the altitudinal gradient (IDEAM, nant ecological and physiological role (Borrell, 2009; Gutiérrez, Carrillo, & Rojas, 2004; Sol- 2004; Borrell & Krenn, 2006). The proboscis arte, 2005). length could have preponderant implications The reserve has an extremely high floris- in niche segregation, due to its capacity for tic diversity and also high level of endemism. accessing deep corollas and the pressure gener- Hilty (1980) and Salaman (2001) described ated across the mouth parts during nectar intake it as an evergreen forest lacking predomi- (Borrell, 2006; Parra-H & Nates-Parra, 2012). nant deciduous periods. Vegetation develops Palynological studies of male euglossine floral in slopes up to 35 degrees with a canopy that preferences, could provide a more detailed reaches 25 to 30 m and high level of epiphyt- assessment of plant species spectrum pollinated ism. Franco-Rosselli, Betancur and Fernández- by these bees, since both males and females Alonso (1997) registered 205 species, 122 collect nectar from the same plant species genera and 59 families. Nearly a third part of and especially because there is no systematic the plant families are represented by a single methodology for female sampling (Ackerman, species; the most species-rich families in the 1985). This kind of approaches should suggest region are: Rubiaceae, Araceae and Melasto- general patterns in both, spatial and temporal mataceae and the genera with most species use of resources. were Anthurium, Psychotria, Philodendron, Here we document bee-plant relationships Piper, Inga and Miconia. by analysing pollen attached to male bod- We chose different sampling points in ies and describe the intra and inter-specific two different areas of the reserve: “Ñambí” variations in the use of resources by imple- which corresponds to an area at approximately menting an interaction network analysis. Our 1 440 m elevation and “La Tajada”, which is temporal and spatial gradient was founded in at 980 m. These two areas are separated by no a primary forest region in the foothills of the more than 10 km. Samples were collected on Western Pacific cordillera of Colombia; a bio- April, May, June, August and October 2005, diversity hot-spot region highly rich in orchid excepting May in Ñambí due to excessive rainy bees (Otero, Chacón, Silverstone-Sopkins, & weather conditions. Giray, 2008; Otero & Sandino, 2003; Parra-H, Ospina-Torres, & Ramírez, 2006; Roubik & Pollen sampling: During collecting peri- Hanson, 2004; Sandino, 2004). ods male euglossinae bees were sampled for three days of baiting with Cineole, Methyl MATERIALS AND METHODS Salicylate or Skatole (Otero & Sandino, 2003) the baits were placed on filter paper and bees Study site: This study was conducted in were captured with an entomological net (Ack- “Río Ñambí” natural reserve, located at the erman, 1983). We obtained pollen samples municipality of Barbacoas, “corregimiento” from male bees by using the glycerinated gela- Altaquer, Nariño state - Southwest Colombia tine method (Amaya, Gutierrez, Rojas Giraldo, (1º18’00” N - 78º05’00” W). The reserve cov- & Villegas, 1999), which is widely used in bat ers an area in the Pacific foothills that varies in and bird pollination studies. By rubbing the altitude from 900 to 1 900 m.a.s.l, characterized bee bodies with fuchsine-stained gelatine we 648 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 63 (3): 647-658, September 2015 obtained pollen loads that were then mounted The resulting values of these three catego- on micro-slides. Each slide held the pollen ries were summed to calculate the arithmetic load of a single male body. Pollen grains were index IA, which provided a numeric descrip- observed using a LEICA® DMLS microscope tion of the resource relative importance for the with a 1 000x magnification, then identified euglossine bee community. Depending on the with help of pollen catalogues (Colinvaux de IA resulting value, plant species were classified Oliveira & Moreno, 1999; Palacios Chávez, as follows: Minor: IA = 3-4, scarcely visited by Ludlow-Wiechers, & Villanueva, 1991; Roubik few species along all year. & Moreno, 1991) and the palynological collec- Important: IA = 5-7, plant species of vari- tion of the Bee research Laboratory LABUN at able importance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TAXON:Warszewiczia Coccinea
    TAXON: Warszewiczia coccinea SCORE: -7.0 RATING: Low Risk (Vahl) Klotzsch Taxon: Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Family: Rubiaceae Common Name(s): chaconier Synonym(s): Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl Trinidad-pride wild poinsettia Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 21 May 2020 WRA Score: -7.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Ornamental, Butterfly-Pollinated, Self-Incompatible, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2)
    [Show full text]
  • Mussaendas for South Florida Landscapes
    MUSSAENDAS FOR SOUTH FLORIDA LANDSCAPES John McLaughlin* and Joe Garofalo* Mussaendas are increasingly popular for the surrounding calyx has five lobes, with one lobe showy color they provide during much of the year conspicuously enlarged, leaf-like and usually in South Florida landscapes. They are members brightly colored. In some descriptions this of the Rubiaceae (madder or coffee family) and enlarged sepal is termed a calycophyll. In many are native to the Old World tropics, from West of the cultivars all five sepals are enlarged, and Africa through the Indian sub-continent, range in color from white to various shades of Southeast Asia and into southern China. There pink to carmine red. are more than 200 known species, of which about ten are found in cultivation, with three of these There are a few other related plants in the being widely used for landscaping. Rubiaceae that also possess single, enlarged, brightly colored sepals. These include the so- called wild poinsettia, Warszewiczia coccinea, DESCRIPTION. national flower of Trinidad; and Pogonopus The mussaendas used in landscapes are open, speciosus (Chorcha de gallo)(see Figure 1). somewhat scrambling shrubs, and range from 2-3 These are both from the New World tropics and ft to 10-15 ft in height, depending upon the both are used as ornamentals, though far less species. In the wild, some can climb 30 ft into frequently than the mussaendas. surrounding trees, though in cultivation they rarely reach that size. The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. These Leaves are opposite, bright to dark green, and are rarely seen under South Florida conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • The Double Chaconia
    [email protected] Tel: (868) 667-4655 May 2018 Our National Flower: The Double Chaconia By Professor Julian Duncan & Cheesman, 1928) With regard to the last for propagation. Initially he was named, recorded legend has it that the unsuccessful in getting them rooted; In 1844, Jozef Warszewicz – a Polish red transformed sepals reminded the early a measure of success came with botanist – was sent to Guatemala to French settlers of the chaconne, a peasant assistance from Mr. Roy Nichols join a Belgian company. He became dance popular in 18th century France and of the Imperial College of Tropical an independent collector and supplier Spain in which the dancer decorated their Agriculature (ICTA) and two plants of plants to orists and gardens in shirts with swatches of red ribbon (Adams were sent to Kew in Britain where Europe. He travelled extensively in 1976). they were recognised as a mutant Guatemala, Panama and Costa Rica form of W. coccinea. The plant was where he discovered a wealth of It was chosen as the National ower when assigned the name W.coccinea cv new plant species. Among these was the country became an independent nation ‘David Auyong’ (Nichols, 1963). The Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl.) Klotzsch. from Britain in 1962. Considering the local name – Pride of Trinidad – a better choice principal di erence between the wild could not have been made. type and the mutant is that in the latter, every ower in a cyme has all The plant produces a compound its sepals transformed to a greater or in orescence, consisting of an axis along lesser extent; this masks the presence which are paired stalked cymes, each of of the petals and accounts for the which contains 15-20 owers.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Digital De La Selva Explicación Etimológica De Las Plantas De La
    Flora Digital De la Selva Organización para Estudios Tropicales Explicación Etimológica de las Plantas de La Selva J. González A Abarema: El nombre del género tiene su origen probablemente en el nombre vernáculo de Abarema filamentosa (Benth) Pittier, en América del Sur. Fam. Fabaceae. Abbreviata: Pequeña (Stemmadenia abbreviata/Apocynaceae). Abelmoschus: El nombre del género tiene su origen en la palabra árabe “abu-l-mosk”, que significa “padre del almizcle”, debido al olor característico de sus semillas. Fam. Malvaceae. Abruptum: Abrupto, que termina de manera brusca (Hymenophyllum abruptum/Hymenophyllaceae). Abscissum: Cortado o aserrado abruptamente, aludiendo en éste caso a los márgenes de las frondes (Asplenium abscissum/Aspleniaceae). Abuta: El nombre del género tiene su origen en el nombre vernáculo de Abuta rufescens Aubl., en La Guayana Francesa. Fam. Menispermaceae. Acacia: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega acacie, de ace o acis, que significa “punta aguda”, aludiendo a las espinas que son típicas en las plantas del género. Fam. Fabaceae. Acalypha: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega akalephes, un nombre antiguo usado para un tipo de ortiga, y que Carlos Linneo utilizó por la semejanza que poseen el follaje de ambas plantas. Fam. Euphorbiaceae. Acanthaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acanthus L., que en griego (acantho) significa espina. Acapulcensis: El nombre del epíteto alude a que la planta es originaria, o se publicó con material procedente de Acapulco, México (Eugenia acapulcensis/Myrtaceae). Achariaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acharia Thunb., que a su vez se deriva de las palabras griegas a- (negación), charis (gracia); “que no tiene gracia, desagradable”.
    [Show full text]
  • 00008-2004 ( .Pdf )
    ISSN 1409-3871 LANKESTERIANA VOL. 4, Nº. 2 AGOSTO 2004 Fritz Hamer. In memoriam CARLOS OSSENBACH 101 Scaphosepalum manningii Luer (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species for Costa Rica STIG DALSTRÖM 105 A new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Peru RUDOLF JENNY 109 Lista con anotaciones de las Angiospermas de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Brenes (microcuencas de lo Ríos San Lorenzo y San Lorencito),Costa Rica JORGE GÓMEEZ-LAURITO & RODOLFO ORTIZ 113 Una nueva especie de Hymenophyllum y una variedad nueva de Trichomanes collariatum Bosch (Filicales: Hymenophyllaceae) en Costa Rica ALEXANDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 143 Un nuevo híbrido de Tectaria (Filicales: Tectariaceae) en Costa Rica ALEXANDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 149 Botánica y numismática: las plantas en las monedas de Costa Rica (1709-2004) JOSÉ A. VARGAS ZAMORA & ORGE GÓMEEZ-LAURITO 155 Reseñas de libros 169 LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA LANKESTERIANA LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA Copyright © 2003 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Fecha efectiva de publicación / Effective publication date: 27 de octubre del 2003 Diagramación: Jardín Botánico Lankester Imprenta: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. Tiraje: 500 copias Impreso en Costa Rica / Printed in Costa Rica R Lankesteriana / La revista científica del Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. No. 1 (2001)-- . -- San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2001-- v. ISSN-1409-3871 1. Botánica - Publicaciones periódicas, 2. Publicaciones periódicas costarricenses LANKESTERIANA 4(2): 101-104. 2004. FRITZ HAMER (1912-2004) – IN MEMORIAM – CARLOS OSSENBACH Investigador Asociado, Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Adelpha 231
    The Genus Adelpha 231 PLATE 1 (pp. 50-63). Figs. 32-38, a,c,e,g, dorsal surface; b,d,f,h, ventral surface. 32a,b: A. bredowii bredowii, Mexico; c,d: A. bredowii eulalia, USA; e,f: A. bredowii californica, USA. 33a,b: A. diocles diocles, Panama; c,d: A. diocles creton, Mexico. 34a,b: A. herbita, S.E. Brazil. 35a,b: A. zea, S.E. Brazil. 36a,b: A. paroeca paroeca, Mexico; c,d: A. paroeca paroeca, Panama. 37a,b: A. nea nea, E. Ecuador; c,d: A. nea sentia, Belize. 38a,b: A. paraena paraena, E. Ecuador; c,d: A. paraena lecromi, W. Colombia; e,f: A. paraena reyi, Venezuela; g,h: A. paraena massilia, Costa Rica. 232 The Genus Adelpha PLATE 2 (pp. 63-76). Figs. 39-41l, a,c,e,g,i,k, dorsal surface; b,d,f,h,j,l, ventral surface. 39a,b: A. radiata radiata, S.E. Brazil; c,d: A. radiata myrlea, S. E. Brazil; e,f: A. radiata explicator, E. Ecuador; g,h: A. radiata aiellae, W. Ecuador; i,j: A. radiata gilletella, French Guiana. 40a,b: A. serpa serpa, S.E. Brazil; c,d: A. serpa diadochus, Peru; e,f: A. serpa celerio, Guatemala; g,h: A. serpa duiliae, W. Ecuador. 41a,b: A. seriphia seriphia, no locality; c,d: A. seriphia pione, Venezuela; e,f: A. seriphia aquillia, E. Ecuador; g,h: A. seriphia godmani, Mexico; i,j: A. seriphia therasia, Bolivia; k,l: A. seriphia egregia, N. Colombia. The Genus Adelpha 233 PLATE 3 (pp. 76-78).
    [Show full text]
  • Andean Flora of Ecuador
    Andean Flora of Ecuador Naturetrek Tour Report 24 September - 9 October 2013 Report compiled by Gustavo Cañas-Valle Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Andean Flora of Ecuador Tour Leader: Gustavo Cañas-Valle Participants: Neil Sanders Vivien Aylmer Peter Douch Monica Douch George Everett Joan Vincent Introduction Ecuador harbors one of the richest floras of the world. Walking forested areas, along roads and paths, we try to convey the diversity of the flora of the Eastern Andes of Ecuador. Our exploration progresses through the main vegetation formations of a corridor traced between Quito and Vilcabamba, with side trips to the Cloud Forest on the eastern slopes. During the trip, we had brief evening gatherings to identify some of the readily described flowers up to level of genus. We photographed flowers belonging to 184 genera and 74 families. Among them, I identified 220 flowers to the species level. These 220 species included 34 plants endemic to Ecuador, 55 specialties unique to Ecuador and either Colombia or Peru, and 16 species only available in the territory covered by the three countries. In the end, our 14 day adventure generated a list of 105 range restricted flowering plants identified to species, which can be seen only in the Andes of either Ecuador or its neighbouring countries. Most of them occurr in habitats which also represent a reduced extension of native vegetation, for example: the Andean Paramos and the Dry Inter-Andean Valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • A SURVEY of the SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY of the RUBIACEAE by Steven Jansen1, Elmar Robbrecht2, Hans Beeckman3 & Erik Smets1
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 23 (1), 2002: 1–67 A SURVEY OF THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE RUBIACEAE by Steven Jansen1, Elmar Robbrecht2, Hans Beeckman3 & Erik Smets1 SUMMARY Recent insight in the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae, mainly based on macromolecular data, agrees better with wood anatomical diversity patterns than previous subdivisions of the family. The two main types of secondary xylem that occur in Rubiaceae show general consistency in their distribution within clades. Wood anatomical characters, espe- cially the fibre type and axial parenchyma distribution, have indeed good taxonomic value in the family. Nevertheless, the application of wood anatomical data in Rubiaceae is more useful in confirming or negating already proposed relationships rather than postulating new affinities for problematic taxa. The wood characterised by fibre-tracheids (type I) is most common, while type II with septate libriform fibres is restricted to some tribes in all three subfamilies. Mineral inclusions in wood also provide valuable information with respect to systematic re- lationships. Key words: Rubiaceae, systematic wood anatomy, classification, phylo- geny, mineral inclusions INTRODUCTION The systematic wood anatomy of the Rubiaceae has recently been investigated by us and has already resulted in contributions on several subgroups of the family (Jansen et al. 1996, 1997a, b, 1999, 2001; Lens et al. 2000). The present contribution aims to extend the wood anatomical observations to the entire family, surveying the second- ary xylem of all woody tribes on the basis of literature data and original observations. Although Koek-Noorman contributed a series of wood anatomical studies to the Rubiaceae in the 1970ʼs, there are two principal reasons to present a new and com- prehensive overview on the wood anatomical variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Denver-Botanic-Gardens-Living
    LIVING COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT PLAN Updated and Approved: November 28, 2017 Previously Updated and Approved: August 2008 Living Collections Plan - Page 1 of 53 LIVING COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT PLAN October, 2017 Purpose of the Plan The Living Collections at Denver Botanic Gardens support the Gardens’ mission of connecting people with plants, especially plants from the Rocky Mountain Region and similar regions around the world. Collections showcase the use of right plants in the right place, educating the public about horticulture in the semi-arid, steppe climate of the Rocky Mountain and Plains regions. The diverse collections ranging from alpine to tropical plants fulfill the mission through education and conservation messages, and by “providing delight and enlightenment to everyone”. Adhering to the standards and guidelines articulated in the Living Collections Management Policy, this Plan provides staff taking care of these collections coordinated and uniform direction to assist in the maintenance, expansion, refinement and development of the collections over the specified period of time. Collections Content The Living Collections are comprised of seven major collections: 1. Alpine 2. Amenity 3. Aquatic 4. Cactus and Succulents 5. Native 6. Steppe 7. Tropical In addition to these seven major collections, the living collections also comprises of a growing Bonsai collection (included under Amenity Collection) and two nationally accredited collections registered with the American Public Gardens Association Plant Collection Network – Quercus (Oak) collection and Alpines of the World collection. Guiding Principles The acquisition and care of the collections will be guided by the Gardens’ four core values: • Diversity • Relevance • Sustainability • Transformation Review and Revision of the Plan The Collections Management Plan will be reviewed as needed at a minimum of every five years to assess the implementation of the priorities and activities specified herein and determine measures to overcome challenges in achieving them.
    [Show full text]
  • Warszewiczia and Sixteen Other Names in the Rubiaceae Authored by J
    Warszewiczia and sixteen other names in the Rubiaceae authored by J. C. Klotzsch: when and where were they published? Author: I. M. Turner Source: Willdenowia, 49(2) : 151-154 Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM) URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49203 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-o-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Willdenowia on 09 Dec 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Willdenowia Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin I. M. TURNER1,2* Warszewiczia and sixteen other names in the Rubiaceae authored by J. C. Klotzsch: when and where were they published? Version of record first published online on 24 June 2019 ahead of inclusion in August 2019 issue. Abstract: There is confusion over the place and date of publication of a paper by J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 4
    Bromeliaceae Epiphytic or terrestrial. Roots usually present as holdfasts. Leaves spirally arranged, often in a basal rosette or fasciculate, simple, sheathing at the base, entire or spinose- serrate, scaly-lepidote. Inflorescence terminal or lateral, simple or compound, a spike, raceme, panicle, capitulum, or a solitary flower; inflorescence-bracts and flower-bracts usually conspicuous, highly colored. Flowers regular (actinomorphic), mostly bisexual. Sepals 3, free or united. Petals 3, free or united; corolla with or without 2 scale-appendages inside at base. Stamens 6; filaments free, monadelphous, or adnate to corolla. Ovary superior to inferior. Fruit a dry capsule or fleshy berry; sometimes a syncarp (Ananas ). Seeds naked, winged, or comose. Literature: GENERAL: Duval, L. 1990. The Bromeliads. 154 pp. Pacifica, California: Big Bridge Press. Kramer, J. 1965. Bromeliads, The Colorful House Plants. 113 pp. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company. Kramer, J. 1981. Bromeliads.179pp. New York: Harper & Row. Padilla, V. 1971. Bromeliads. 134 pp. New York: Crown Publishers. Rauh, W. 1919.Bromeliads for Home, Garden and Greenhouse. 431pp. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press. Singer, W. 1963. Bromeliads. Garden Journal 13(1): 8-12; 13(2): 57-62; 13(3): 104-108; 13(4): 146- 150. Smith, L.B. and R.J. Downs. 1974. Flora Neotropica, Monograph No.14 (Bromeliaceae): Part 1 (Pitcairnioideae), pp.1-658, New York: Hafner Press; Part 2 (Tillandsioideae), pp.663-1492, New York: Hafner Press; Part 3 (Bromelioideae), pp.1493-2142, Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden. Weber, W. 1981. Introduction to the taxonomy of the Bromeliaceae. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 31(1): 11-17; 31(2): 70-75.
    [Show full text]