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Edaphic Factors and the Landscape-Scale Distributions of Tropical Rain Forest Trees
Ecology, 80(8), 1999, pp. 2662±2675 q 1999 by the Ecological Society of America EDAPHIC FACTORS AND THE LANDSCAPE-SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS OF TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TREES DAVID B. CLARK,1,3 MICHAEL W. P ALMER,2 AND DEBORAH A. CLARK1 1Department of Biology, University of Missouri, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 USA 2Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 USA Abstract. Tropical rain forests have the highest tree diversity on earth. Nonrandom spatial distributions of these species in relation to edaphic factors could be one mechanism responsible for maintaining this diversity. We examined the prevalence of nonrandom dis- tributions of trees and palms in relation to soil type and topographic position (``edaphic biases'') over a mesoscale (573 ha) old-growth tropical rain forest (TRF) landscape at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. All trees and palms $10 cm diameter were mea- sured and identi®ed in 1170 circular 0.01-ha plots centered on an existing 50 3 100 m grid. Topographic position was classi®ed for each plot, and slope and aspect were measured. Soil type data were taken from a previous study (Clark et al. 1998). A total of 5127 trees and palms were identi®ed in 267 species. Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Canon- ical Correspondence Analysis showed that highly signi®cant edaphic gradients were present, with swamp or highly fertile soils separated from the less fertile, well-drained upland soils. Species composition remained signi®cantly related to topographic position when soil type was controlled for. The main ¯oristic gradients were still signi®cant when ¯ooded sites were excluded from the analyses. -
TAXON:Warszewiczia Coccinea
TAXON: Warszewiczia coccinea SCORE: -7.0 RATING: Low Risk (Vahl) Klotzsch Taxon: Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Family: Rubiaceae Common Name(s): chaconier Synonym(s): Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl Trinidad-pride wild poinsettia Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 21 May 2020 WRA Score: -7.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Ornamental, Butterfly-Pollinated, Self-Incompatible, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) -
Mussaendas for South Florida Landscapes
MUSSAENDAS FOR SOUTH FLORIDA LANDSCAPES John McLaughlin* and Joe Garofalo* Mussaendas are increasingly popular for the surrounding calyx has five lobes, with one lobe showy color they provide during much of the year conspicuously enlarged, leaf-like and usually in South Florida landscapes. They are members brightly colored. In some descriptions this of the Rubiaceae (madder or coffee family) and enlarged sepal is termed a calycophyll. In many are native to the Old World tropics, from West of the cultivars all five sepals are enlarged, and Africa through the Indian sub-continent, range in color from white to various shades of Southeast Asia and into southern China. There pink to carmine red. are more than 200 known species, of which about ten are found in cultivation, with three of these There are a few other related plants in the being widely used for landscaping. Rubiaceae that also possess single, enlarged, brightly colored sepals. These include the so- called wild poinsettia, Warszewiczia coccinea, DESCRIPTION. national flower of Trinidad; and Pogonopus The mussaendas used in landscapes are open, speciosus (Chorcha de gallo)(see Figure 1). somewhat scrambling shrubs, and range from 2-3 These are both from the New World tropics and ft to 10-15 ft in height, depending upon the both are used as ornamentals, though far less species. In the wild, some can climb 30 ft into frequently than the mussaendas. surrounding trees, though in cultivation they rarely reach that size. The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. These Leaves are opposite, bright to dark green, and are rarely seen under South Florida conditions. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Discyphus Scopulariae
Phytotaxa 173 (2): 127–139 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.2.3 Phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus scopulariae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences: evidence supporting recognition of a new subtribe, Discyphinae GERARDO A. SALAZAR1, CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG2 & ALEX POPOVKIN3 1Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 México, Distrito Federal, México; E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil 3Fazenda Rio do Negro, Entre Rios, Bahia, Brazil Abstract The monospecific genus Discyphus, previously considered a member of Spiranthinae (Orchidoideae: Cranichideae), displays both vegetative and floral morphological peculiarities that are out of place in that subtribe. These include a single, sessile, cordate leaf that clasps the base of the inflorescence and lies flat on the substrate, petals that are long-decurrent on the column, labellum margins free from sides of the column and a column provided with two separate, cup-shaped stigmatic areas. Because of its morphological uniqueness, the phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus have been considered obscure. In this study, we analyse nucleotide sequences of plastid and nuclear DNA under maximum parsimony -
Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so. -
Orquideologia-34.Pdf
Volumen XXXIV#2 - Diciembre 2017 / ISSN 0120 - 1433 Oncidium dactyliferum y Oncidium acinaceum dos especies enigmáticas. ORQUIDEOLOGÍA Publicación oficial de la Sociedad Colombiana Editor: de Orquideología desde 1966. Juan Felipe Posada M. Cada volumen consta de dos números por año. La revista acepta artículos originales y temas relacionados con or- Editor área científica: quídeas en conservación, botánicos, ecología, afi ción, cul- Sebastián Vieira U. tivo, preferiblemente de la América tropical. Los artículos científi cos deben ser escritos en español e inglés y deben Editor general: entregarse con las reglas para esta publicación que se en- Luis Eduardo Mejía D. cuentran en la página web de la sociedad. Las opiniones ex- presadas en cada uno de los artículos son responsabilidad Coordinador de contenido: de su respectivo autor. Carlos A. Mesa L. Comité Editorial: Gustavo A. Aguirre, Favor dirigir toda correspondencia a: Ana Patricia Echeverri S., Juan Felipe Posada, Editor Revista Orquideología, Socie- Cecilia I. Restrepo R., dad Colombiana de Orquideología, Carrera 52 No. 73-298, Azucena Vélez de M., Medellín, Colombia. Francisco Villegas V. Teléfono: (57-4) 444-8374. Luis Alberto Wills T. Correo electrónico: [email protected] Visite nuestra página web: www.sco.org.co Comité Asesor Científico: Günter Gerlach, Eric Hágsater, Derechos reservados. Prohibida la reproducción total o Adam P. Karremans, parcial sin previa autorización de la Sociedad Colombiana Juan Sebastián Moreno, de Orquideología y de los autores de los artículos. André Schuiteman, Diego Bogarín y Joel Tupac Otero Ph.D. Diagramación: Official publication of the Colombian Orchid Society Ana Patricia Echeverri S. since 1966. Carátula: Each volume consists of two numbers per year. -
Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the -
Orchid Seed Coat Morphometrics. Molvray and Kores. 1995
American Journal of Botany 82(11): 1443-1454. 1995 . CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF THE SEED COAT IN SPIRANTHOIDEAE AND ORCHIDOIDEAE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DIURIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE)I MIA MOLVRAy2 AND PAUL J. KORES Department of Biological Sciences, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 Previous work on seed types within Orchidaceae has demonstrated that characters associated with the seed coat may have considerable phylogenetic utility. Application of the se characters has been complicated in practice by the absence of quan titative descriptors and in some instances by their apparent lack of congruity with the taxa under con sideration. Using quantitative descriptors of size and shape, we have demonstrated that some of the existing seed classes do not represent well delimited, discrete entities, and we have proposed new seed classes to meet these criteria. In the spiranthoid-orchidoid complex, the characters yielding the most clearly delimited shape classes are cell number and variability and degree and stochasticity of medial cell elongation. Of lesser, but still appreciable, significance are the pre sence of varying types and degrees of intercellular gaps, and some, but not all, features of cell walls. Four seed classes are evident on the basis of these characters in Spiranthoideae and Orchidoideae. These seed types are briefly described, and their distribution among the taxa examined for this study is reported. It is hoped that these more strictly delimited seed classes will faci litate phylogenetic analysis in the family. Phylogenetic relationships within the Orchidaceae delimitation of the seed coat characters within the two have been discussed extensively in a series of recent pub putatively most primitive subfamilies of monandrous or lications by Garay (1960, 1972), Dressler (1981, 1986, chids and evaluates the util ity of these characters for the 1990a, b, c, 1993), Rasmussen (1982, 1986), Burns-Bal purpose of phylogenetic inference, extends this avenue of ogh and Funk (1986), and Chase et aI. -
Plants and Gall Hosts of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve
DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67I2SUPL.37233 Artículo Plants and gall hosts of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica: Combining field sampling with herbarium records Plantas y hospederos de agallas de la Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Sarapiquí, Costa Rica: combinando muestras del campo con registros del herbario Juan Manuel Ley-López1 José González2 Paul E. Hanson3* 1 Departamento Académico, Reserva Biológica Tirimbina. Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] 2 Independent consultant, Costa Rica; [email protected] 3 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica; San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 03-X-2018 Corrected 10-I-2018 Accepted 24-I-2019 Abstract There has been an increasing number of inventories of gall-inducing arthropods in the Neotropics. Nonetheless, very few inventories have been carried out in areas where the flora is well documented, and records of galls from herbaria and sites outside the study area have seldom been utilized. In this study we provide a checklist of the native vascular plants of a 345 ha forest reserve in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and document which of these plants were found to harbor galls. The gall surveys were carried out between November 2013 and December 2016. We also cross-checked our plant list with the previous gall records from elsewhere in the country and searched for galls on herbarium specimens of dicots reported from the reserve. In total, we recorded 143 families and 1174 plant species, of which 401 were hosts of galls. Plant hosts of galls were found in the following non-mutually exclusive categories: 209 in our field sampling, 257 from previous records, and 158 in herbarium specimens. -
THE ANDEAN GENUS MYROSMODES (ORCHIDACEAE, CRANICHIDEAE) in PERU Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, Vol
Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Trujillo, Delsy; Gonzáles, Paúl; Trinidad, Huber; Cano, Asunción THE ANDEAN GENUS MYROSMODES (ORCHIDACEAE, CRANICHIDEAE) IN PERU Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 16, núm. 2, 2016, pp. 129-151 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44347813003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 16(2): 129—151. 2016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v16i2.25880 THE ANDEAN GENUS MYROSMODES (ORCHIDACEAE, CRANICHIDEAE) IN PERU DELSY TRUJILLO1,2,5, PAÚL GONZÁLES3, HUBER TRINIDAD3 & ASUNCIÓN CANO3,4 1 Herbario MOL, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina 2 Herbario San Marcos (USM), Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima 11, Perú 3 Laboratorio de Florística, Departamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú 4 Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av, Venezuela s/n cuadra 34, Lima 1, Perú 5 Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A revision of Myrosmodes from Peru is presented. Seven species are recognized for the country. Each species is described and illustrated on the basis of a revision of type material, protologues and Peruvian specimens. -
The Orchid Flora of the Colombian Department of Valle Del Cauca Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Kolanowska, Marta The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 85, núm. 2, 2014, pp. 445-462 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42531364003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511445 The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca La orquideoflora del departamento colombiano de Valle del Cauca Marta Kolanowska Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. [email protected] Abstract. The floristic, geographical and ecological analysis of the orchid flora of the department of Valle del Cauca are presented. The study area is located in the southwestern Colombia and it covers about 22 140 km2 of land across 4 physiographic units. All analysis are based on the fieldwork and on the revision of the herbarium material. A list of 572 orchid species occurring in the department of Valle del Cauca is presented. Two species, Arundina graminifolia and Vanilla planifolia, are non-native elements of the studied orchid flora. The greatest species diversity is observed in the montane regions of the study area, especially in wet montane forest.