DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Resources in the Proposed Basin and Range National Monument, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Resources in the Proposed Basin and Range National Monument, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada Cultural Resources in the Proposed Basin and Range National Monument, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada 970.409.9893 | paleowest.com | 2460 W. 26th Avenue, Suite 15-C | Denver, CO 80211 CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE PROPOSED BASIN AND RANGE NATIONAL MONUMENT, LINCOLN AND NYE COUNTIES, NEVADA Prepared by: Rebecca H. Schwendler, Ph.D. Prepared for: Conservation Lands Foundation 835 East 2nd Avenue #314 Durango, Colorado 81301 Technical Report No. 15-22 PaleoWest Archaeology 2460 West 26th Avenue Denver, Colorado 80211 (970) 409-9893 February 19, 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the land of the Southern Paiute, the Western Shoshone, and their ancestors, all of whom have much to teach us about human adaptations to a highly challenging environment. The proposed Basin and Range National Monument (BRNM) (Figure 1) is a study in contrasts between jagged mountain ranges and flat basin valleys, each of which hosts very different ecosystems and offers people diverse suites of hard‐won resources. During the early, relatively wet Paleoindian period lakes formed in the valleys and food was comparatively abundant. However, since the advent of arid modern climatic conditions during the subsequent Archaic period, prehistoric hunter‐gatherers, protohistoric tribes, and even modern ranchers have had to move between ecosystems to access as many different resources as possible in order to survive. Native American trails that wind through the area are both literal and figurative reminders of these interconnections between the basins and ranges. Only about two percent of the BRNM has been investigated for archaeological resources but the resulting picture is one of regular seasonal movements by hunter‐gatherers throughout prehistory and protohistory. In contrast, adjacent regions with more water and desirable prehistoric trade goods, such as turquoise, supported farming and more permanent settlement. Euro‐American endeavors in mining, farming, and ranching have been short‐lived or low‐ intensity because of the area’s harsh environment. As a result of this lack of modern development, the cultural resources of the BRNM remain largely intact and provide a rich body of information about prehistoric and protohistoric life in one of the more challenging areas of the Basin and Range province. Future systematic study by professional archaeologists would help us to better understand when, where, and how people moved between ecosystems, how they managed to eke out a living here for 13,000 years, and how they viewed and interacted with people in more resource‐rich regions beyond the Basin and Range province. Despite the BRNM’s challenging environment, its cultural resources include: Scatters of chipped stone and tools left by hunter‐gatherers during the Paleoindian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric periods Thousands of rock art images concentrated in the Mount Irish Archaeological Site and the National Register of Historic Places‐listed White River Narrows Archaeological District Native American trails connecting basin and range ecosystems Ruins of irrigation features from short‐lived homesteading and farming Mine shafts, prospect pits, and waste rock piles from the Worthington/Freiberg Mining District and the Mount Irish area Michael Heizer’s monumental artwork “City” which is separate from but surrounded by the BRNM i Figure 1. Location of the proposed Basin and Range National Monument. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... i Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 The Place ........................................................................................................................ 2 Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 4 Garden Valley .......................................................................................................... 4 Golden Gate Range and Water Gap ........................................................................ 4 Coal Valley ............................................................................................................... 4 Weepah Spring Wilderness Area ............................................................................. 5 Worthington Range .................................................................................................. 5 The People ...................................................................................................................... 5 Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 9 Mount Irish Archaeological Site ................................................................................ 9 White River Narrows Archaeological District ............................................................ 9 Shoshones and Paiutes ......................................................................................... 10 Native American Trails ........................................................................................... 10 Jedediah Smith ...................................................................................................... 10 Worthington/Freiberg Mining District ...................................................................... 10 Michael Heizer’s “City” ........................................................................................... 11 Regional Context ........................................................................................................... 11 Current Information ....................................................................................................... 13 Why Protect Cultural Resources in the BRNM? ............................................................ 14 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 15 References .................................................................................................................... 16 Additional Reading ........................................................................................................ 18 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of the proposed Basin and Range National Monument. ....................... ii iii INTRODUCTION Straddling the line between Lincoln and Nye counties in southeastern Nevada, the proposed Basin and Range National Monument (BRNM) covers 800,489 acres administered by the Ely District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) (Figure 1). Only about two percent of that area has seen systematic archaeological investigation, yet most survey blocks—particularly in the BRNM’s mountains and foothills where water was more available—have yielded a high density of sites, suggesting that this place holds a richness of archaeological information that should be preserved for future study. While the archaeological record of surrounding regions has been impacted greatly by development and mining, the BRNM preserves up to 13,000 years of life typical of little‐watered portions of the Basin and Range province. What appears to be a barren, inhospitable land has actually supported prehistoric Native Americans for thousands of years, from Paleoindian to Historic times. This intact landscape can yield fascinating and important information about human mobility, adaptations to a harsh and unforgiving environment, and interactions between hunter‐gatherers and farmers. Euro‐Americans have left fewer traces here, with most restricted to relatively short‐lived mining endeavors, failed irrigation projects, and low‐intensity ranching. The earliest evidence for human use of the BRNM comes in the form of a Clovis projectile point made of obsidian that a Paleoindian hunter left near Water Gap around 13,000 years ago (Ryan 1985). Later Archaic people who lived in the area between about 8,000 and 1,500 years ago left more abundant evidence of their hunting, plant gathering, cooking, and camping activities as well as abundant rock art marking special places on the landscape. Because of the area’s paucity of water, it saw only minimal use by Fremont people who practiced both horticulture (small‐scale farming) and hunting and gathering during the subsequent Formative period between about 1500 years ago/A.D. 500 and A.D. 1250. Numic‐speaking ancestors of the Southern Paiute and Western Archaic projectile point Shoshone, who were in this region by at least A.D. 1100, left a mix of archaeological traces similar to those of the Archaic people. Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone people continue to view this landscape as part of their homeland and have strong connections with its mountains, valleys, and cultural and natural resources. Many of the archaeological sites that have so far been recorded in the BRNM cannot be assigned to a particular time period or culture because they do not contain chronologically diagnostic artifacts. Still, they suggest that Native American use of this area over time exhibited many commonalities. In such an arid environment, water is the key to life and people use as many different types of resources as possible. Because mountainous areas in the Basin and Range receive the most rainfall, shelter large game, provide firewood and calorie‐rich nuts, and offer stone for making tools, they have long been anchors for human groups. Valleys between the mountain ranges
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slip Rate of the Western Garlock Fault, at Clark Wash, Near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California
    Slip rate of the western Garlock fault, at Clark Wash, near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California Sally F. McGill1†, Stephen G. Wells2, Sarah K. Fortner3*, Heidi Anderson Kuzma1**, John D. McGill4 1Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, California 92407-2397, USA 2Desert Research Institute, PO Box 60220, Reno, Nevada 89506-0220, USA 3Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 W Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 4Department of Physics, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, California 92407-2397, USA *Now at School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA **Now at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 760 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1710, USA ABSTRACT than rates inferred from geodetic data. The ously published slip-rate estimates from a simi- high rate of motion on the western Garlock lar time period along the central section of the The precise tectonic role of the left-lateral fault is most consistent with a model in which fault (Clark and Lajoie, 1974; McGill and Sieh, Garlock fault in southern California has the western Garlock fault acts as a conju- 1993). This allows us to assess how the slip rate been controversial. Three proposed tectonic gate shear to the San Andreas fault. Other changes as a function of distance along strike. models yield signifi cantly different predic- mechanisms, involving extension north of the Our results also fi ll an important temporal niche tions for the slip rate, history, orientation, Garlock fault and block rotation at the east- between slip rates estimated at geodetic time and total bedrock offset as a function of dis- ern end of the fault may be relevant to the scales (past decade or two) and fault motions tance along strike.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of Natural History
    Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinematics of the Northern Walker Lane: an Incipient Transform Fault Along the Pacific–North American Plate Boundary
    Kinematics of the northern Walker Lane: An incipient transform fault along the Paci®c±North American plate boundary James E. Faulds Christopher D. Henry Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, MS 178, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA Nicholas H. Hinz ABSTRACT GEOLOGIC SETTING In the western Great Basin of North America, a system of dextral faults accommodates As western North America has evolved 15%±25% of the Paci®c±North American plate motion. The northern Walker Lane in from a convergent to a transform margin in northwest Nevada and northeast California occupies the northern terminus of this system. the past 30 m.y., the northern Walker Lane has This young evolving part of the plate boundary offers insight into how strike-slip fault undergone widespread volcanism and tecto- systems develop and may re¯ect the birth of a transform fault. A belt of overlapping, left- nism. Tertiary volcanic strata include 31±23 stepping dextral faults dominates the northern Walker Lane. Offset segments of a W- Ma ash-¯ow tuffs associated with the south- trending Oligocene paleovalley suggest ;20±30 km of cumulative dextral slip beginning ward-migrating ``ignimbrite ¯are up,'' 22±5 ca. 9±3 Ma. The inferred long-term slip rate of ;2±10 mm/yr is compatible with global Ma calc-alkaline intermediate-composition positioning system observations of the current strain ®eld. We interpret the left-stepping rocks related to the ancestral Cascade arc, and faults as macroscopic Riedel shears developing above a nascent lithospheric-scale trans- 13 Ma to present bimodal rocks linked to Ba- form fault.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Tectonic Systems of the Pacific Northwest Delineated from ERTS-1 Imagery
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1975 Regional tectonic systems of the Pacific Northwest delineated from ERTS-1 imagery Linda Kay Wackwitz The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wackwitz, Linda Kay, "Regional tectonic systems of the Pacific Northwest delineated from ERTS-1 imagery" (1975). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 7103. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7103 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. APR 1 6 1984 (iETo;,pr<i a 1384 ' r' r: ^ REGIONAL TECTONIC SYSTEMS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DELINEATED FROM ERTS-1 IMAGERY by Linda K. Wackwitz B.A. Colby College, 1972 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1975 Approved by Chairman, Board of Examiners / ^ f - / - - -- Dean, Graduate School I ,y. Date UMI Number: EP37904 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Nevada State History
    INFORMATIONAL TOPIC MAY 8, 2014 Nevada State History (in a nutshell) Although Spain claimed the Nevada region during the 1500s, no Timeline exploration occurred until the early 1800s. Native Americans living there at that time included the Paiute, Shoshone, and 1821 —Mexico gains control of Nevada Washoe tribes. 1859 —Thousands moved to Nevada as gold was discovered During the 1820s, trappers from the Hudson Bay Company in Virginia City explored the Humboldt River. Jedediah Smith traveled across 1861 —The Nevada Territory is created the Las Vegas valley and William Wolfskill blazed the Old Spanish Trail into California. Complete exploration of Nevada 1864 —Nevada becomes the 36 th state occurred during the 1840s; John C. Frémont explored and charted the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada. 1907 —The Newlands Irrigation Project is completed At the end of the Mexican -American War (1846-1848), the 1936 —Hoover Dam is completed southwest came under U.S. control. In 1850, the Utah Territory, that included Nevada, was established. Some of the first settlers came to Nevada during this time. Genoa was established by Mormon pioneers and became a trading post for those traveling to California. Some non-Mormons came to Carson Valley. They did not want to be part of the Utah Territory that was ruled by a Mormon leader. Without Congressional approval they established their own territorial government. In 1859, ore was discovered near what is now Virginia City and thousands came in search of gold and silver. With sufficient population in 1861, Congress could now create the Nevada Territory. Nevada did not have a large enough population to become a state during the Civil War (1861-1865).
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management
    U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Environmental Assessment DOI-BLM-NV-L000-2017-0006-EA December 20, 2017 SEAMAN and WHITE RIVER HERD AREA WILD HORSE GATHER Location: Lincoln and Nye Counties Applicant/Address: U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Ely District Office Phone: (775) 289-1800 Fax: (775) 289-1910 Golden Gate, Seaman and White River Herd Area Wild Horse Gather Environmental Assessment DOI-BLM-NV-L010-2009-0023-EA 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background: .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Purpose and Need ....................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Conformance with BLM Land Use Plan(s): ............................................................. 8 1.4 Relationship to Statutes, Regulations, or other Plans: ............................................ 8 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING PROPOSED ACTION 10 2.1 Introduction: ............................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Alternative A - Proposed Action: ............................................................................ 10 2.3 Alternative B - No Action: ........................................................................................ 14 2.4 Alternatives Considered, but Eliminated from Further Analysis .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Before It Was a Park
    BEFORE IT WAS A PARK Lake Tahoe Nevada State Park and its Foundations in Comstock History Nevada Division of State Parks In honor of Nevada’s 150th anniversary 1864 to 2014 By Jay Howard, LTNSP 2014, revised 2017 A State Made by Mining Ron James wrote in his Comstock history novel The Roar and the Silence, “It was the longest telegraph ever sent, but Nevadan’s did not intend to do things in a small way. With the paperwork in order, Lincoln signed Nevada into statehood on October 31st 1864, just a few days before the November presidential election. Nevada sent back a thank-you in the form of three electoral votes for the president’s reelection.” Nevadan’s were proud of their pro-Union stance during the Civil War. Needed by the United States both politically and economically, the state of Nevada was said to have been ‘Battle Born’. Though we understand this to refer to the battles that had been raging in the east since 1861, Nevada was itself a relatively peaceful territory, other than the occasional skirmishes with Native Americans, and the more serious Pyramid Lake War of 1860. Nevadan’s never saw any fighting with Confederate forces, but certainly had their share of fistfights between Unionists and Copperheads. The latter usually losing the argument. During one incident, the Stars and Bars of the Confederacy was raised over a building in Virginia City, which led to a serious altercation between townspeople. Newspapers later reported that Unionists emerged bloody, but victorious. Early in the Civil War there was some concern that Nevada could be taken by the Confederacy, but these fears were never realized.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of the Nevada Rule of Law
    THE RULE OF LAW BY SCOTT G. WASSERMAN, ESQ. ORIGIN OF THE NEVADA RULE OF LAW At the request of the State Bar of Nevada’s with the Original States.” The act included the following Immediate Past President Gene Leverty, requirements: the Nevada Lawyer Editorial Board agreed 1. The new State Constitution must be republican to feature a discussion on the Rule of in nature and not repugnant to the U.S. Constitution or the Declaration of Independence; Law in each of the 2018 issues of Nevada 2. There shall be no slavery or involuntary servitude, Lawyer. Past columns have discussed the other than for punishment of crimes, without the American rule of law, and international consent of the U.S. and the people of Nevada; and historical rules of law. In this month’s 3. The Constitutional Convention must disclaim all rights to unappropriated public lands in Nevada; column, we examine the origin of 4. Land owned by U.S. citizens outside Nevada must not Nevada’s Rule of Law, which lies within the be discriminated against in taxation; and first written code of laws in Nevada: the 5. There must be no taxation of federal property by the state.4 Nevada Constitution, adopted in 1864. The Nevada Constitution established the basis On May 2, 1864, James W. Nye, Governor of the Territory of Nevada, issued a Proclamation to form the constitutional of the system of all state and local rules of convention. The congressional act required that the members law. All persons, including the state and of the convention for framing the constitution shall, after local governments, must operate within organization, on behalf of the people of the Territory, adopt the Constitution of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tectonic Evolution of the Madrean Archipelago and Its Impact on the Geoecology of the Sky Islands
    The Tectonic Evolution of the Madrean Archipelago and Its Impact on the Geoecology of the Sky Islands David Coblentz Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Abstract—While the unique geographic location of the Sky Islands is well recognized as a primary factor for the elevated biodiversity of the region, its unique tectonic history is often overlooked. The mixing of tectonic environments is an important supplement to the mixing of flora and faunal regimes in contributing to the biodiversity of the Madrean Archipelago. The Sky Islands region is located near the actively deforming plate margin of the Western United States that has seen active and diverse tectonics spanning more than 300 million years, many aspects of which are preserved in the present-day geology. This tectonic history has played a fundamental role in the development and nature of the topography, bedrock geology, and soil distribution through the region that in turn are important factors for understanding the biodiversity. Consideration of the geologic and tectonic history of the Sky Islands also provides important insights into the “deep time” factors contributing to present-day biodiversity that fall outside the normal realm of human perception. in the North American Cordillera between the Sierra Madre Introduction Occidental and the Colorado Plateau – Southern Rocky The “Sky Island” region of the Madrean Archipelago (lo- Mountains (figure 1). This part of the Cordillera has been cre- cated between the northern Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico ated by the interactions between the Pacific, North American, and the Colorado Plateau/Rocky Mountains in the Southwest- Farallon (now entirely subducted under North America) and ern United States) is an area of exceptional biodiversity and has Juan de Fuca plates and is rich in geology features, including become an important study area for geoecology, biology, and major plateaus (The Colorado Plateau), large elevated areas conservation management.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Lake Valley North SEZ Analysis
    1 11.4 DRY LAKE VALLEY NORTH 2 3 4 11.4.1 Background and Summary of Impacts 5 6 7 11.4.1.1 General Information 8 9 The proposed Dry Lake Valley North SEZ is located in Lincoln County in southeastern 10 Nevada (Figure 11.4.1.1-1). The SEZ has a total area of 76,874 acres (311 km2). In 2008, the 11 county population was 4,643, while adjacent Clark County to the south had a population 12 of 1,879,093. The closest population centers to the SEZ are Pioche, located about 15 mi (24 km) 13 to the east, and Caliente, located about 15 mi (24 km) to the southeast; both communities have 14 populations of about 1,000. The smaller communities of Caselton and Prince are located about 15 13 mi (21 km) to the east of the SEZ. Las Vegas is located about 110 mi (180 km) to the south. 16 17 The nearest major road to the Dry Lake Valley North SEZ is State Route 318, which is 18 about 7 mi (11 km) to the west of the SEZ, while U.S. 93 is about 8 mi (13 km) to the south. 19 Access to the interior of the SEZ is by dirt roads. The nearest railroad access is approximately 20 25 mi (40 km) away, while nearby airports include Lincoln County Airport in Panaca and Alamo 21 Landing Field in Alamo, which are located about 13 mi (21 km) south–southeast of and 35 mi 22 (56 km) southwest of the SEZ, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy and Structure of the Seaman Range and Fox Mountain, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada
    Stratigraphy and Structure of the Seaman Range and Fox Mountain, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1988-B I 1 r^Hr-~"r-^S »:-«>'°-;>-.'; '£ '. -"* °-"^^io-'oO;ol!i-..e>L ^? :^~ty-":- o\: s--b>^.'d- .? " ? o..bTvo-r» ?:.-!:.»:-. "o'.-o'-o .- *^-o?.°:.--o : : ° o£\*>: ^-°:* '.« - "o-o- .-o - ^-.o.*'. ^» ' - 1 .". '. O- ' "" "- "* -" no: ^--'*^-o.yvo:»-c)^ - *>- : p.-by :o.;--p-/.-'o."-',c>-( 0 = ?.o'VO -V "±« -* «?'.<?o-oi ^ .. «- .*».-:»: -* ^^»-^ Chapter B Stratigraphy and Structure of the Seaman Range and Fox Mountain, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada By DONLON O. HURTUBISE and EDWARD A. DU BRAY A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1988 EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS EASTERN GREAT BASIN HARRY E. COOK AND CHRISTOPHER J. POTTER, Project Coordinators U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992 For sale by Book and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hurtubise, D.O. Stratigraphy and structure of the Seaman Range and Fox Mountain, Lincoln and Nye Counties, Nevada / by Donlon O. Hurtubise and Edward A. du Bray, p. cm. (Evolution of sedimentary basins Eastern Great Basin ; ch. B) (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1988-B) Includes bibliographical references.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 3-72. Groundwater Usage in Nevada in 2000. (Source: DIRS 175964-Lopes and Evetts 2004, P
    AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT – CALIENTE RAIL ALIGNMENT Figure 3-72. Groundwater usage in Nevada in 2000. (Source: DIRS 175964-Lopes and Evetts 2004, p. 7.) There are a number of published estimates of perennial yield for many of the hydrographic areas in Nevada, and those estimates often differ by large amounts. The perennial-yield values listed in Table 3-35 predominantly come from a single source, the Nevada Division of Water Planning (DIRS 103406-Nevada Division of Water Planning 1992, for Hydrographic Regions 10, 13, and 14); therefore, the table does not show a range of values for each hydrographic area. In the Yucca Mountain area, the Nevada Division of Water Planning identifies a combined perennial yield for hydrographic areas 225 through 230. DOE obtained perennial yields from Data Assessment & Water Rights/Resource Analysis of: Hydrographic Region #14 Death Valley Basin (DIRS 147766-Thiel 1999, pp. 6 to 12) to provide estimates for hydrographic areas the Caliente rail alignment would cross: 227A, 228, and 229. That 1999 document presents perennial-yield estimates from several sources. Table 3-35 lists the lowest (that is, the most conservative) values cited in that document, which is consistent with the approach DOE used in the Yucca Mountain FEIS (DIRS 155970-DOE 2002, p. 3-136). DOE/EIS-0369 3-173 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT – CALIENTE RAIL ALIGNMENT Table 3-35 also summarizes existing annual committed groundwater resources for each hydrographic area along the Caliente rail alignment. However, all committed groundwater resources within a hydrographic area might not be in use at the same time. Table 3-35 also includes information on pending annual duties within each of these hydrographic areas.
    [Show full text]