CITATION: Sydney Brenner. (Aug. 08, 1980). Sir Hans Adolf Krebs Medal, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Ref. SB/1/2, No. 70458

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CITATION: Sydney Brenner. (Aug. 08, 1980). Sir Hans Adolf Krebs Medal, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Ref. SB/1/2, No. 70458 [ CITATION: Sydney Brenner. (Aug. 08, 1980). Sir Hans Adolf Krebs Medal, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Ref. SB/1/2, No. 70458. CSHL Archive Repository. Reproduced for educational purposes only. Fair Use relied upon. ] TELEGRAM SENT: 8- 8- 80 . TO: DR . U. LITI'AUER (WEIZMANN INSTITUTE, ISRAEL) . GRATEFULLY ACCEPT YOUR GENEROUS OFFER . DR . D. SECHER WILL RECEIVE MEDAL ON MY BEHALF AND WILL HAVE A MESSAGE TO BE READ . SYDNEY BRENNER . .. 6 AUG 198() 81754 1 PO CB G OSEAGRAM 37 L N J299 EHC508 IGC109 4007044 GBXX CO ILTY 062 TELAV IVYAFO 62/61 5 1330 / DR S BRENNER MRC LAB OF MO LECULAR BIOLOGY HILLSROAD CAtv'B RI DGE CB22 CH ORGAN IZING COM~ I TTEE WISHES TO AWARD YOU THE KREBS MEDAL IN ABSENT I A • Tl IE MQAE E: E: THE MEDAL 11.J ILL BE H.6.NDED OVER TO MEMBER OF } YOUR LABORATORY IF ~RESE~T OR ANY OTHER REPRESENTAT IVE YOU MAY SUGGEST WILL A0 PREC IATE YOU SE~D MESSAGE OF RcSDONSE TO PAGE 2/ _,, I:::. BE R.c\D BY REC IP IENT ON YOUR BEHALF. SPEEDY RECOVERY . LJ~ I EL L I TT AUER COL DR . S. LAB . CB22QH / 817541 PO CB G OSEAGRAM 37 LN I ... ~ • THE WEf&lAi'\~ fNSTl1UTE OF SOENCE R EHOVOT · IS RAEL Prof. Uriel Z. Littouer 1 .K1u,? .r ?x,11x '!:l1 1 !l Heod. Oepcrtmont of Neurobiology ;p11.,.,:n,'1J7 :i;i7nr.in wx, The Jules J. Mallon :i•o•:i11:i7 :iiinp:i Choir of 8ioc!iemlstry pi,IJ .'l 0?1•1 CV i,y July 8, 1980 ,,~ Jtl1 1980 Prof. Sydney Brenner MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology University Medical School Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QH England Dear Sydney, I very much r egret to learn of the continuous trouble you have with your leg. It is indeed a pity that you are unable to come . I have also hoped to induce you to participate in our Neurobiology symposium and discuss with you our recent cloning of cDNA for tubulin r'-"-",.,,f "<.: f / i... I wish you a speedy r ecovery and hope to see you soon ~ Best wishes, Sincerely yours, Uriel Littauer cc. Prof. U. Bachrach Prof. N. Sharon CAB lE AOOP.ESS: WEIZINST (I sreal) : D'j:),:!IJ? JYl'.l PHONE: (05 4 ) 82126; SW ITCHBOARD: (054 1821 1 1-83 11 1 :J1!li,U TELEX : 3193 4 :Op'U f N L} 3 '. ~ CLv..V ~ ~ • 817541 PO CB G 8 ~-~ - - • '?,. ~ OSEAGRA -1 47 LN '~ ·c ~ch G"s ~ rTt • O' c391 OHC460 IGC975 40 13009 076 0 GBXX CO ILTY 035 TELAV I VYAFO 35/33 2 1450 SYDNEYBRENNER MRC L ABORATORY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY UNIVERS I TY POSTGRADUATE MEOSCH CAMS RI DGE ( U. K. ) ~~ I SS ING YOUR T1:/0- PAGE ABSTRACT MOLECULAR GENET JCS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS FESS CLOS ING SESSION PLEASE A I R~-'lAIL EXPRESS FOR BOOK THANKS AL I SA DEVIR SlOCHEMISTRY TELAVIV UNIVERS I TY 817541 PO CB G OSEAGRA(\·1 4 7 LN • ' ' \q'O~ 1 ~l-~ T~ - ~ ~ european journal of biochemistry Editorial Office: Boulevard de la Constitution, 69 / 054 EJB/FEBS B . 4020 Lieg e CBelgium> • • Professor Sidney Br enner M. R. C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hills Road GB-CB2- 2QH CAMBRIDGE (Angleterre ) • • Li ese , February ~th , 1980. Dear Professor Br enner, 13th FEES Meeti ng We have j ust read that you will give one of t he plenary lectures at the 13th meet ing of FEBS , in Jerusalem , next August. I wish to remind you that the European Journal of Biochemistry traditionally offers to publish the plenary lectures given at the opening and closing ceremonies of the FEBS meeting. Although there is of course no obligati on for you to accept this invitation, it would be a great pleasure and a great honour indeed if you accepted to provide us with your manuscript . It would be particularly convenient , if you could let us have your manuscript at the time of the FEBS meeting to ensure fast publication of your lecture. If you send i t after the meeting , pl ease sent i t to my personal attention. Looking f orward to the pleasure of receiving a favour able reply t o our invitat• • i• on. Your s sincerely, .. f Claude Liebecq Encl. : Instr uctions to Authors Copies : The General Secr etary, 13th FEBS Meet i ng Pr of. Goodwi n , Pr of. Yomtov , Dr I gloi CL/ ad Tel. : + 32 C4tl 42 76 44 - Cable address : Febsjournal, Liege ' European Journal of Biochemistry INSTRUCTIO S TO AUTHORS (1980) GE 1rRAL For periodicals: . Krebs. H. A. (1961) Bioche111. J. 80. 225-233. Authors should sub1nit 3 copies (preferabl) 2 on light\\eight paper) of their contribution. together \\·ith 3 copies of tables and For hoo/..s: Di;-.on. \11 . & \Vcbb. E. C. (1964) £11:y111es, 2nd cdn. pp. 565 - 567. except h alft_o~c~. figures 10 permit editorial evaluation. For figures. Longn1ans Green & Co .. London. the originals and 2 photocopies are acceptable. Only the orrg1nal ~ copy \\ill be returned to the autho rs in case of revision or rejection. I 'or 11111lti-a11tltor hooks and sy111posia: C'oncisel) \.\ ritten and carefully prepared contributions arc Innes. I. R. & Nickerson. M. ( 1965) in The Pltar111acological Basis easier to edit and lo read: they are always published faster than <~l 1'1terapeutics, 3rd edn (Goodman, L. S. & G iln1an, A .. eds) longer papers. fhis docs not justify the division of a large paper pr. 477-520. MacMillan Company, Ne•v York. into several shorter papers. For papers quoted as ' in the press'. wriucn evidence should It \VOu ld facilitate edi torial evaluation if authors would enclose be rrovidcd that the ma nuscript has been accepted and copies of' reprints of relevant preceding papers in duplicate. the typescript or page proofs should be provided for the referees. Papers 'in preparation· should be mentio ned in the text itself. in ·rypcscripts that arc not concisely \Vr illen o r do nol conforrn parentheses, as ·unpublished \VOrk'; 'personal co1n1nunications' to the conventions of the JOURNAL \viii be returned 10 the authors ~hou ld also be 1nentioncd in the text and evidence should be provided for re\ ision. /\ revised paper will bear the dates of the first and fina l that the person or persons quoted have agreed to publication of versions. If a re\ iscd paper contains a significant amount of nc\v their observations. ·Private co1nmunications' should not be n1adc niatcrial. it "ill be considered as a ne\\. paper. rublic. 1anuscripts should be t)pC\\Titten. rriple-spaced rhrouxho11r R.esponsibilit) for the accuracy of bibliographic rel'crcnccs (including References. AcknO\\ ledge1nents. Footnotes, Table~ and rest\ entirely \Vith the author(s). Legends 10 Figures) i.e. about I cm in bet\\een lines-on s heet~ on separate pages and nu1nbered in of uniform 'i1e. not larger than ISO A 4 (appr. 21 x 30 cm) \\ ith 8. Tables should be typed the order the) appear in the text. using Arabic numerals. They a margin 5-cin \\ ide on the left. ~ should be co1nprehensible \Vithout reference to the text. C'onditions specific to the particular experiments should be stated above the /\RR/\t\Gl·~1l· TT OF Tl-II:: MAi':USCRIPT tables to" hich the) refer and belo"· their headings. Units in" hich I. The jirsr page should bear: the results are expressed should appear at the top of each colunin. a) the title. concise but inforniative: Footnotes should be kept to a minimum. b) the comrletc name(s) of the author(s) '''ith first or middle forcnanie spelt out in full: 9. Figures and graphs should be nlentioncd in the text and all c) the na1ne of the laboratory \vhere the "'ork \\'as carried out. should be numbered. using Arabic nu1nerals a lso. The back of each in the language of the country of origin or in the la nguage in figure should be labelled lightly in soft pencil to sho\v the top of the which the 1nanuscript is \Vrit ten : figure, the autho r(s') na1ne(s) a nd the fij?urc nurnbcr. A brief d) a running title of not niore than 70 tellers including spaces: descriplivc legend. con1prehensi ble \Vit ho ut reference to the text. c) lhc address to •vhich correspondence (i ncluding proofs) should should be provided fo r each fi gure: conditions specific to the be sent ; particular experiment should be stated (brief captions in the figure f) the subdi vision under \\1hich the author(s) v1ish(es) the paper will help the reader); these legends should be typed in sequence at to appear in the Table of Contents (see the Table o f Co ntent ~ of the end of the manuscript, not on the figures. recent volu1nes). Original dra1ri11gs and graphs should be drawn \Vilh Indian ink in clean uniforn1 lines on Bristol board. graph paper, blue tracing 2.. ·rhc second page should list: cloth or coordinate paper. printed in light blue. Their si1c should a) a dcdication - iran) -as a footnote to the citle: rrcfcrably not exceed the size of the typed 1nanuscrip1. Good glossy b) the full ro:,tal address( es) of (all) the author(s). in the language rrints are acceptable. The labelling of all figures \vith lcllcrs. \\'Ords. or chc country. of origin;- nunierals. etc. should be left to the publisher. Therefore. let1cring c) the lisc of abbreviations (see belO\\'): 1nust not be placed on the figure. but instead on a cover sheet of d) the code nun1bcrs of enzymes 1nen1ioned in the text. preceded transparent paper or on a photo- or Xerox-cop).
Recommended publications
  • Warburg Effect(S)—A Biographical Sketch of Otto Warburg and His Impacts on Tumor Metabolism Angela M
    Otto Cancer & Metabolism (2016) 4:5 DOI 10.1186/s40170-016-0145-9 REVIEW Open Access Warburg effect(s)—a biographical sketch of Otto Warburg and his impacts on tumor metabolism Angela M. Otto Abstract Virtually everyone working in cancer research is familiar with the “Warburg effect”, i.e., anaerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen in tumor cells. However, few people nowadays are aware of what lead Otto Warburg to the discovery of this observation and how his other scientific contributions are seminal to our present knowledge of metabolic and energetic processes in cells. Since science is a human endeavor, and a scientist is imbedded in a network of social and academic contacts, it is worth taking a glimpse into the biography of Otto Warburg to illustrate some of these influences and the historical landmarks in his life. His creative and innovative thinking and his experimental virtuosity set the framework for his scientific achievements, which were pioneering not only for cancer research. Here, I shall allude to the prestigious family background in imperial Germany; his relationships to Einstein, Meyerhof, Krebs, and other Nobel and notable scientists; his innovative technical developments and their applications in the advancement of biomedical sciences, including the manometer, tissue slicing, and cell cultivation. The latter were experimental prerequisites for the first metabolic measurements with tumor cells in the 1920s. In the 1930s–1940s, he improved spectrophotometry for chemical analysis and developed the optical tests for measuring activities of glycolytic enzymes. Warburg’s reputation brought him invitations to the USA and contacts with the Rockefeller Foundation; he received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin
    Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin By Cambridge News | Posted: January 18, 2016 By Adam Care The News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, celebrating over 100 years of scientific and social innovation. ADVERTISING In this installment we move from 1951 to 1974, a period which saw a host of dramatic breakthroughs, in biology, atomic science, the discovery of pulsars and theories of global trade. It's also a period which saw The Eagle pub come to national prominence and the appearance of the first female name in Cambridge University's long Nobel history. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1. 1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei 2. 1951 John Cockcroft, St John's / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei Walton and Cockcroft shared the 1951 physics prize after they famously 'split the atom' in Cambridge 1932, ushering in the nuclear age with their particle accelerator, the Cockcroft-Walton generator. In later years Walton returned to his native Ireland, as a fellow of Trinity College Dublin, while in 1951 Cockcroft became the first master of Churchill College, where he died 16 years later. 3. 1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography 4.
    [Show full text]
  • | Sydney Brenner |
    | SYDNEY BRENNER | TOP THREE AWARDS • Nobel Prize in Physiology, 2002 • Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award, 2000 • National Order of Mapungubwe (Gold), 2004 DEFINING MOMENT To view the DNA model for the first time. 32 |LEGENDS OF SOUTH AFRICAN SCIENCE| A LIFE DEDICATED TO SCIENCE C. ELEGANS WORK In the more than eight decades that Nobel Laureate, Prof Sydney Brenner, “To start with we propose to identify every cell in the worm and trace line- has all-consumingly devoted his life to science, he twice wrote powerful age. We shall also investigate the constancy of development and study proposals of no longer than a page. Short but sweet, these kick-started the its control by looking for mutants,” is how Brenner ended his proposal on two projects that are part of his lasting legacy. Caenorhabditis elegans to the UK Medical Research Council in October 1963. He was looking for a new challenge after already having helped to The first was to request funding to study a worm, because he saw in the show that genetic code is composed of non-overlapping triplets and that nematode Caenorhabditis elegans the ideal genetic model organism. messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) exists. He was right, and received the Nobel Prize for his efforts. The other pro- posal, which set out how Singapore could become a hub for biomedical His first paper on C. elegans appeared in Genetics in 1974, and in all, the research, earned him the title of “mentor to a nation’s science ambitions”. work took about 20 years to reach its full potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 4 - 1996 to 2015: from Stem Cell Breakthrough to IVF
    Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 4 - 1996 to 2015: from stem cell breakthrough to IVF By Cambridge News | Posted: February 01, 2016 Some of Cambridge's most recent Nobel winners Over the last four weeks the News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, which this week comes right up to the present day. From the early giants of physics like JJ Thomson and Ernest Rutherford to the modern-day biochemists unlocking the secrets of our genome, we've covered the length and breadth of scientific discovery, as well as hugely influential figures in economics, literature and politics. What has stood out is the importance of collaboration; while outstanding individuals have always shone, Cambridge has consistently achieved where experts have come together to bounce their ideas off each other. Key figures like Max Perutz, Alan Hodgkin and Fred Sanger have not only won their own Nobels, but are regularly cited by future winners as their inspiration, as their students went on to push at the boundaries they established. In the final part of our feature we cover the last 20 years, when Cambridge has won an average of a Nobel Prize a year, and shows no sign of slowing down, with ground-breaking research still taking place in our midst today. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1.1996 James Mirrlees, Trinity College: Prize in Economics, for studying behaviour in the absence of complete information As a schoolboy in Galloway, Scotland, Mirrlees was in line for a Cambridge scholarship, but was forced to change his plans when on the weekend of his interview he was rushed to hospital with peritonitis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of a Biochemist
    book reviews disappearance of kuru as an important In the late 1920s, he looked into the effect TION episode in our understanding of the risks of light on the inhibition by carbon monox- A associated with this type of infectious ide of respiration in living cells. This work process. Informing the wider community of encompassed considerations of photo- these risks may lead to a more helpful debate chemical processes in terms of quantum about the public health policies required chemistry, and the use of the manometer, NOBEL FOUND to minimize the chances of another BSE photoelectric cell and spectroscope. From epidemic. Books such as this are useful in the shape of the curve obtained by plotting this context. the effectiveness of light against its wave- Colin L. Masters is in the Department of Pathology, length, it was possible to deduce the resem- 8 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, blance between the respiratory ferment and 3052, Australia. haemins. Warburg was awarded the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine in 1931 for his recognition of the haemin-type nature of the respiratory ferment and its underlying The making principles. The development of Warburg’s theoreti- of a biochemist cal thinking and experimental procedures are Otto Warburgs Beitrag zur ably chronicled in Petra Werner’s introducto- Atmungstheorie: Das Problem der ry essay. Her book is the first volume of an Sauerstoffaktivierung* edition of Warburg’s correspondence Brilliant but flawed: Warburg tended to pettiness. by Petra Werner deposited in the Berlin–Brandenburg Aca- Basilisken-Presse: 1996. Pp. 390. DM136 demy of Sciences. Regrettably, the 143 pub- 1950).
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library the Chain Papers*
    Medical History, 1983, 27:434-435 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE WELLCOME INSTITUTE LIBRARY THE CHAIN PAPERS* THE three men who shared the Nobel Prize in October 1945 for their work on penicillin could scarcely have differed more in their backgrounds and characters. Fleming was sixty-four years old by then; the son of a Scottish farmer, he was a retiring man, not given to conversation. By contrast, Florey, then aged forty-seven, was the son of a wealthy Australian boot and shoe manufacturer; aggressively ambitious, his achievements and intellect were later to secure him the Presidency of the Royal Society. Then there was Chain - a mere thirty-nine years old - a Jewish refugee of Russian origin, who still had major work on penicillin ahead of him; his ambition was mixed with an independence and volubility that was to lead him into conflict with the scientific/medical establishment. Fleming has been the subject of many biographies, mostly hagiographical. Florey's role in the penicillin story was recently reassessed in Gwyn Macfarlane's excellent Howard Florey. The making ofa great scientist (Oxford University Press, 1979). Sir Ernst Boris Chain died in 1979, and his biography is being written by Ronald W. Clark. This, together with future research on Chain's papers, will enable a fuller assessment to be made of the role and character of the youngest of the three scientists. The Chain papers, recently given by Lady Chain to the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre, form an extensive collection of some sixty-nine boxes, comprising material from Chain's personal and professional life.
    [Show full text]
  • Lasker Interactive Research Nom'18.Indd
    THE 2018 LASKER MEDICAL RESEARCH AWARDS Nomination Packet albert and mary lasker foundation November 1, 2017 Greetings: On behalf of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, I invite you to submit a nomination for the 2018 Lasker Medical Research Awards. Since 1945, the Lasker Awards have recognized the contributions of scientists, physicians, and public citizens who have made major advances in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, cure, and prevention of disease. The Medical Research Awards will be offered in three categories in 2018: Basic Research, Clinical Research, and Special Achievement. The Lasker Foundation seeks nominations of outstanding scientists; nominations of women and minorities are encouraged. Nominations that have been made in previous years are not automatically reconsidered. Please see the Nomination Requirements section of this booklet for instructions on updating and resubmitting a nomination. The Foundation accepts electronic submissions. For information on submitting an electronic nomination, please visit www.laskerfoundation.org. Lasker Awards often presage future recognition of the Nobel committee, and they have become known popularly as “America’s Nobels.” Eighty-seven Lasker laureates have received the Nobel Prize, including 40 in the last three decades. Additional information on the Awards Program and on Lasker laureates can be found on our website, www.laskerfoundation.org. A distinguished panel of jurors will select the scientists to be honored with Lasker Medical Research Awards. The 2018 Awards will
    [Show full text]
  • Advertising (PDF)
    Share the wonders of the brain and mind with A PUBLIC INFORMATION INITIATIVE OF: Seeking resources to communicate with the public about neuroscience? Educating others through Brain Awareness activities? BrainFacts.org can help you communicate how the brain works. Explore BrainFacts.org for easy-to-use, accessible resources including: s Information about hundreds of diseases and disorders s Concepts about brain function s Educational tools s Multimedia tools and a social media community s Interviews and discussions with leading researchers; and more Visit BrainFacts.org Give to the Friends of SfN Fund Join us in forging the future of neuroscience Support a future of discovery and progress through travel awards and public education and outreach programs. To inquire about specific initiatives or to make a tax-deductible contribution, visit SfN.org or email: [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY THE LIVES AND DISCOVERIES OF EMINENT SENIOR NEUROSCIENTISTS CAPTURED IN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL BOOKS AND VIDEOS The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography Series Edited by Larry R. Squire Outstanding neuroscientists tell the stories of their scientific work in this fascinating series of autobiographical essays. Within their writings, they discuss major events that shaped their discoveries and their influences, as well as people who inspired them and helped shape their careers as neuroscientists. The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, Vol. 1 The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, Vol. 4 Denise Albe-Fessard, Julius Axelrod, Peter O. Bishop, Per Andersen, Mary Bunge, Jan Bures, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Theodore H. Bullock, Irving T. Diamond, Robert Galambos, John Dowling, Oleh Hornykiewicz, Andrew Huxley, Jac Sue Viktor Hamburger, Sir Alan L.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of the Secrets of Life Timeline
    Discovery of the Secrets of Life Timeline: A Chronological Selection of Discoveries, Publications and Historical Notes Pertaining to the Development of Molecular Biology. Copyright 2010 Jeremy M. Norman. Date Discovery or Publication References Crystals of plant and animal products do not typically occur naturally. F. Lesk, Protein L. Hünefeld accidentally observes the first protein crystals— those of Structure, 36;Tanford 1840 hemoglobin—in a sample of dried menstrual blood pressed between glass & Reynolds, Nature’s plates. Hunefeld, Der Chemismus in der thierischen Organisation, Robots, 22.; Judson, Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1840, 158-63. 489 In his dissertation Louis Pasteur begins a series of “investigations into the relation between optical activity, crystalline structure, and chemical composition in organic compounds, particularly tartaric and paratartaric acids. This work focused attention on the relationship between optical activity and life, and provided much inspiration and several of the most 1847 HFN 1652; Lesk 36 important techniques for an entirely new approach to the study of chemical structure and composition. In essence, Pasteur opened the way to a consideration of the disposition of atoms in space.” (DSB) Pasteur, Thèses de Physique et de Chimie, Presentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris. Paris: Bachelier, 1847. Otto Funcke (1828-1879) publishes illustrations of crystalline 1853 hemoglobin of horse, humans and other species in his Atlas der G-M 684 physiologischen Chemie, Leizpig: W. Englemann, 1853. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace publish the first exposition of the theory of natural selection. Darwin and Wallace, “On the Tendency of 1858 Species to Form Varieties, and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and G-M 219 Species by Natural Means of Selection,” J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sui Generis Sydney Brenner,” by Thoru Pederson, Which Was First Published June 10, 2019; 10.1073/ Pnas.1907536116 (Proc
    Correction RETROSPECTIVE Correction for “The sui generis Sydney Brenner,” by Thoru Pederson, which was first published June 10, 2019; 10.1073/ pnas.1907536116 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116,13155–13157). The author notes that, on page 13155, left column, second paragraph, lines 13–14, “Cyril Hinshelwood at Oxford, a leading figure in the early bacteriophage field” has been revised to read “Cyril Hinshelwood at Oxford, a chemist turned bacteriologist.” Additionally, in the original version of this article, the author stated that the experiments performed by Brenner and Crick involved chemically induced mutations in given DNA letters. In fact, most of the data were from spontaneous mutations. We have removed this incorrect assertion. The online version of the article has been corrected. Published under the PNAS license. Published online July 15, 2019. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1910910116 CORRECTION www.pnas.org PNAS | July 23, 2019 | vol. 116 | no. 30 | 15307 Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 RETROSPECTIVE The sui generis Sydney Brenner RETROSPECTIVE Thoru Pedersona,1 Sydney Brenner died on April 5, 2019, at age 92. His fame arose from three domains in which he operated with uncommon intellectual vibrancy. First were his prescient ideas and breakthrough experiments that defined the DNA genetic code and how the informa- tion it contains is transmitted into proteins. Second, in a later career, he developed a model organism, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, to determine how the cells of an animal descend, one by one, along pathways of increasing specialization. Last was his be- guiling skill as an intellectual sharpshooter, often sur- prising colleagues by the immediacy of his “take” of a problem, even ones somewhat beyond his ken.
    [Show full text]
  • MCDB 5220 Methods and Logics April 23 2015 Marcelo Bassalo
    Cracking the Genetic Code MCDB 5220 Methods and Logics April 23 2015 Marcelo Bassalo Last Tuesday… Nirenberg and Matthaei: RNA is the template for protein synthesis (poly-U —> phenylalanine) Thursday! Francis Crick Sydney Brenner • 1927 - today • Born in South Africa • BS in Anatomy and Physiology • MS in Cytogenetics • PhD in Physical Chemistry from Oxford • Joined Salk Institute in 1976 • Established C. elegans as model organism for developmental biology • 2002 Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine Leslie Barnett • 1920 - 2002 • Born in London • BS in Dairying • Worked with Brenner for most part of her life Cracking the Genetic Code Bacteriophage T4 Escherichia coli Figure from Brock Biology of Microorganisms Cracking the Genetic Code Viral Plaques Why Phage T4? • Plaques are an easy screening system • Allows investigation of rare events (trillions of tries in a single LB plate) • rII locus: phenotypes allows genetic mapping (Benzer) rII genes E. coli K-12 (K) E. coli B (B) WT ✓ ✓ A B non-leaky larger/irregular plaques mutation (r-plaque) (null) X A B leaky larger/irregular plaques mutation ✓ (r-plaque) (partial function) A B Why Phage T4? B’ B’/B’’ Grow in B null mutation No growth in K Grow in B null mutation Growth in K B’’ WT { Grow in B No growth in K # plaques (K) Distance (B’ to B’’) = # plaques (B) The Genetic Code is not overlapping Evidence comes from previous studies: • Tobacco mosaic virus RNA: mutations in RNA change only 1 amino acid (Tsugita et. al) • Abnormal human hemoglobins shows only single amino acid changes (Watson
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates in Physiology Or Medicine
    All Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine 1901 Emil A. von Behring Germany ”for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths” 1902 Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain ”for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it” 1903 Niels R. Finsen Denmark ”in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science” 1904 Ivan P. Pavlov Russia ”in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged” 1905 Robert Koch Germany ”for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis” 1906 Camillo Golgi Italy "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system" Santiago Ramon y Cajal Spain 1907 Charles L. A. Laveran France "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" 1908 Paul Ehrlich Germany "in recognition of their work on immunity" Elie Metchniko France 1909 Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" 1910 Albrecht Kossel Germany "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" 1911 Allvar Gullstrand Sweden "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" 1912 Alexis Carrel France "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" 1913 Charles R.
    [Show full text]