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A Study Guide by Robert Lewis © ATOM 2015 A STUDY GUIDE BY ROBERT LEWIS http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN: 978-1-74295-591-9 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au OVERVIEW CURRICULUM APPLICABILITY ANZAC Battlefields (Serge Ou, 6 x 26 minutes, ANZAC Battlefields is suitable as a classroom resource for 2015) is a series that explores in a new and middle and upper secondary students, especially for: powerfully dynamic way what happened on the battlefields which have taken the heaviest toll in Australian History Year 9 Australian and New Zealand life, the First World • Depth Study: World War 1 — The places where War battlefields of the Western Front. Australians fought and the nature of warfare during World War I. The places have changed very little – the grass has grown back, trees have been planted, perhaps English Year 9 and 10 a road where before there was none but no cities • Analyse and evaluate how people, cultures, places, have been built on these landscapes. It is still events, objects and concepts are represented in texts, possible to stand and imagine what the Diggers including media texts, through language, structural went through. The tactics, the deployment, the and/or visual choices. plans of battle but also what actually happened, moment-by-moment, as battle unfolded, to Media Arts Year 9 and 10 individuals we can name and get to know. • Evaluate how genre and media conventions and techni- cal and symbolic elements are manipulated to make The combination of computer-generated effects, representations and meaning. explanation and illustration at the actual locations creates compelling programs. Twentieth Century History Year 11 • A study of World War 1 The six episodes in the series are: 1 BAPTISM — exploring Australia’s Western Front battles of 1916, especially the first major battle at Fromelles. 2 SACRIFICE — including the murderous battles at Pozières where the Australians lose 12,000 men, and at Flers, where the New Zealanders experience great success advancing 2.5 kilometres but for the high price of the loss of 2,000 casualties. 3 RESOLVE — the battles of 1917, including Bullecourt, Ypres, Messines, Menin Road and Bullecourt. 4 CATACLYSM — the killing fields of Passchendaele. 5 SPIRIT — the great final German offensive of 1918, leading to the defining moment in Australia’s war, Villers-Bretonneux. 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION 6 VICTORY — the great Allied offensive of 1918 that broke the Hindenburg Line and led to the German surrender. Each episode can help teachers explore the na- ture of the Australian experience of the Western Front with students. 2 click on USING THIS STUDY GUIDE arrows ANZAC Battlefields comprises six episodes tracing key Australian battles between 1916 Introductory Activities, page 4 and 1918. The series can be viewed as a whole, or Key Activity Page, page 11 teachers may focus on one or several battles to help students explore the nature of warfare on the Western Front (different in 1916 to Background Information, page 12 1918). Whether they are viewing one episode, or Episodes: several, or all of the six, students should complete the Introductory Activities, read Episode 1, page 16 Episode 2, page 16 or keep with them the Background Material, then complete the Comprehension and Episode 3, page 17 Episode 4, page 17 Analysis Questions for each episode watched. At the end of each episode they watch, whether one episode or several, Episode 5, page 18 Episode 6, page 19 students should complete the Key Activity Page. Finally, they should look at the 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION Conclusion Questions. Conclusions and Reflections This can be summarized diagrammatically in this way (see right) Click on this arrow anytime to take you back to this Content Hyperlinks page 3 1.2 Describe who is in each one, and what is happening. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITIES (Try to work each one out, but if you need to check go to the Australian War Memorial site https://www.awm.gov. Here are two activities that will help you au and key in the image reference number, e.g. E00766, in start thinking about some key concepts that the Search box at the top right of the page and check the are explored in ANZAC Battlefields caption.) 1.3 Which ones fit the image you recorded above? What is your image of the 1 Western Front? 1.4 Which ones challenge that image? How? Even if you do not know very much about the Western 1.5 Do any of these images surprise you? Explain why or Front you will have an image in your mind of what the war why not. was like for the soldiers there. 1.6 What questions do these images raise in your mind 1.1 Brainstorm and record your image and that of your about the nature of the war experience of Australians on classmates in the box below. the Western Front? Suggest at least two questions that each images raises. Now look at the 8 images on the next pages and answer these questions about them: After you have discussed these images look at Introductory Activity 2. THE KEY ELEMENTS OF YOUR IMAGE OF THE NATURE OF WAR ON THE WESTERN FRONT ARE: SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION 4 A: FIG 1 AWM E00766 SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION B: FIG 2 AWM E05988A 5 C: FIG 3 AWM EZ0032 SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION D: FIG 4 AWM E01220 6 E: FIG 5 AWM EZ0009 SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION F: FIG 6 AWM E03183 7 G: FIG 7 AWM EZ0120 SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION H: FIG 8 AWM E00822 8 What is meant by ‘trench 2 warfare’? War on the Western front was ‘trench warfare’. Look at Figs 9 & 10 this page and answer the questions. 2.1 What is the main purpose of a trench? 2.2 Do you think there would be problems with: cooking sleeping keeping cool water keeping hygiene washing warm boredom? 2.3 List the words that best describe life in the trenches to you. FIG 9 SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION 9 FIG 10 FIG 11 Look at this sketch (F11), showing the image or theory of boxes, and explain what is happening at each stage to trench warfare. make the attack fail. 2.4 Below are seven descriptions of what the Allied 2.6 Why did the defenders have such a great advantage soldiers are doing in the sketch. They are not in the correct against attackers in trench warfare? order. Number them in the correct order from 1-7 that tells the story of what is happening. One example has been Now look at the Key Activity Page to understand what done for you. you are going to be looking for in the episode or episodes of ANZAC Battlefields that you are about to watch. You will Now look at this second sketch (F12) also need to refer to the Background Information to help you understand the time and places in the episode/s, and 2.5 It compares the theory of trench warfare with what also some of the military terminology. it says is the reality. Write in number 1 to 6 in the empty The Allied soldiers have an aeroplane above the area that tells them what is happening. Number The Allied soldiers destroy the enemy trenches and capture the Germans. these The Allied soldiers destroy the enemy village. descriptions 1 Allied soldiers are advancing. in the correct order from The Allied soldiers cut the enemy barbed wire. 1-7 The Allied soldiers destroy the German guns. The Germans run away. SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION FIG 12 10 KEY ACTIVITY PAGE Your task as you watch each episode is to work out what may discover that leadership was a key element in the key elements or features were of each of the main battles. Good leadership may help the soldiers battles that are presented. You need to note these down, to succeed, while bad leadership may help List each new and explain why each was so important. For example, you to cause them to fail in an attack. feature in this summary table as you identify it in FEATURE OF BATTLE WHY IT IS IMPORTANT OR SIGNIFICANT the episode/s you watch. SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION 11 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The organization A of the AIF The Australians were organised in this way: • A Company contained 4 Platoons. • A Battalion was about 1000 men and contained 4 rifle Companies • A Brigade contained 4 Battalions (3 in 1918). By 1918 each brigade also included a light trench mortar bat- tery, while each division included a pioneer battalion, a machine-gun battalion, two field artillery brigades, a divisional trench mortar brigade, four companies of en- gineers, a divisional signals company, a divisional train consisting of four service corps companies, a salvage company, three field ambulances, a sanitary section and a mobile veterinary section. • An Infantry Division contained 3 Infantry Brigades. Each division also included a range of combat sup- port and service units, including artillery, machine-gun, mortar, engineer, pioneer, signals, logistic, medical, veterinary and administrative units. • A Corps contained 3 Infantry Divisions For most of the time on the Western front there were two Australian Corps: I ANZAC CORPS II ANZAC CORPS Australian 1st Division 4th Australian Division Australian 2nd Division 5th Australian Division Australian 3rd Division New Zealand Division From November 1917 I and II Corps were combined to become the Australian Corps under general Monash, and the New Zealand Corps was transferred to the British XXII Corps. DIVISION BRIGADE BATTALIONS 1 1-3 1-12 2 4-6 13-24 2015 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION 3 7-9 25-36 4 10-12 37-48 5 13-15 49-60 12 Where the Australians The battles in GREEN are hotlinked to B fought over time — http://www.ww1westernfront.gov.au/australian-remem- and the changing front line brance-trail/where-australians-fought.php where you will find much more detail.
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