Assessment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Home , Astore (city), Astore Valley

Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Pakistan Academy of Sciences B. Life and Environmental Sciences 57 (3): 41-70 (2020) Copyright © Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 2518-4261 (print), ISSN 2518-427X (online) Research Article

Ali Noor1*, Surayya Khatoon2, Moinuddin Ahmed3, Abdul Razaq1, Sher W. Khan1, Maisoor A. Nafees1, Fozia Naseer2, Syed M. Nizami4, Shehla Shinwari1, Wali Khan5, and Sujjad Haider1

1Department of Biological Sciences Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan 2Department of Botany, University of Karachi 3Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Karachi 4Integrated Mountain Area Research Center and Forestry Department, Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan 5Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, KP

Abstract: The research objective was to assess the floristic diversity of dicotyledons in Astore valley, Gilgit-Baltistan. Field visits were conducted during 2007-2018. Five hundred and fifty-eight species of Angiosperms Dicot were recorded, and they belonged to 65 families and 266 genera, Among the species were that were two first time recorded in Pakistan viz Camelina microcarpa Andrz.-ex DC. and Taraxacum stewartii Soest and five tentatively new species were encountered. Among the 65 families, ten had over 20 specie i.e. Asteraceae which had 47 genera and 95 species, Brassicaceae with 22 genera and 40 species, Papilionaceae with 14 genera and 30 species, Rosaceae with 13 genera and 33 species, and Boraginaceae with 31 species in 13 genera, Scrophulariaceae with 30 species, in 8 genera, Apiaceae with 27 species in 16 genera, Lamiaceae with 26 species in 13 genera, Caryophyllaceae with 25species in 11 genera and Polygonaceae with 21 species in 9 genera. There were 41 larger genera with more than 4-four species, Astragalus had 11 species followed by Nepeta with 10 species, Artemisia and Potentilla with nine each. The 558 species belong to 6 life forms. For each species, the habitat and habit of each species and their distribution status were also recorded. Habit wise 369 species were perennial herbs, 127 annual herbs, 34 shrubs, 24 trees, and 2 under shrubs. The research work will provide the baseline data for researchers regarding the angiosperm dicots of the Himalayan mountainous region of Pakistan.

Keywords: Himalayan, Preliminary Assessment, Astore Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan

1. INTRODUCTION basis for further comprehensive research [4, 5]. The listing and handling of species are easy in a short Astore valley is covering an area of 7222 km2 and time, due to their conscience. [6]; Besides these, that lies between 43.8o-35.8o North latitude and it helps in the correct naming and identification of 74.4o-75.2o longitude. The valley is consisting taxa, initial material for estimation of biodiversity, of four Tehsils and 8 Union Councils and more and biogeographic research. Biodiversity includes than 100 villages (Fig.1), [1]. Northern Pakistan 4 main parts e.g. genetic diversity, ecosystem especially Astore Valley is full of natural treasurer, diversity, diversity of species, and functional particularly regarding the natural vegetation [2, 3]. diversity or ecological process [7]. Moreover, it The assessment of floristic diversity is essential provides important and fundamental awareness to for sustainable utilization, conservation strategies, the public to cope with the crises of biodiversity and ecological management of natural assets of [8]. Documentation and classification of vegetation a specific region, which provides the preliminary are also needed for the conservation of biological

———————————————— Received: January 2020; Accepted: September 2020 *Corresponding Author: Ali Noor 42 Ali Noor et al resources. on vegetation pattern, habitat, and microclimatic variations of the study area. Identification of plant Many researchers and workers have played an specimen was made with help of the Flora of West important role to provide an inclusive inventory Pakistan [21, 22, 23]; Flora of Iranica [24], Flora of list of regional floras, which provides a milestone China [25]. and other relevant materials. for further research. They are included [9, 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. The erratic data 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION regarding this region is available in [20]; and Flora of Pakistan. The study area consists of diverse The vegetation of the study area is prevailed by the topographic features, micro-climatic habitats, and flora of floristically rich regions e.g. Himalayan, Ecotonic geographic position, the project area Central Asiatic, Sino-Japanese, and Western Irano- consists of highly diverse potential of flora. Turanian regions. A total of 558 Angiosperm dicots species were recorded during the study period, With consideration of the aforementioned facts, which is belonging to 65 families and 266 genera. the present study was focused on carrying out the The high species richness families which have more inventory of angiosperm dicots floral diversity of than twenty species in each were categorized i.e. with the area with detailed information e.g. status of the 95 species family Asteraceae were showed highest plant species, life-form classes, habit and habitat species richness in 47 genera (17%) of all species, of the plant species with authentic identification followed by with 40 (7.168%) species in 22 genera to provide baseline data for further research and family Brassicaceae, which were contributed in the conservation strategies, of this region is available in second position, Papilionaceae were stand in 3rd [20]; and Flora of Pakistan. The study area consists position with 35 (6.272%) specie in 14 genera same of diverse topographic features, micro-climatic as family Rosaceae with 33 (5.913%) species in 13 habitats, and Ecotonic geographic position, the genera and Boraginaceae 31 (5.555%) species in 13 genera, Scrophulariaceae 30 (5.376%) species, project area consists of highly diverse potential of in 8 genera, Apiaceae 27 (4.838 %) in 16 genera, flora. Lamiaceae 26 (4.659%) species in 13 genera, Caryophyllaceae 25(4.480 %) species in 11 genera With consideration of the aforementioned facts, and Polygonaceae 21 (3.763 %) species in 9 genera the present study was focused on carrying out the were showed species richness respectively Fig. 2. inventory of angiosperm dicots floral diversity of the area with detailed information e.g. status of the Forty-one genera that have more than four plant species, life-form classes, habit and habitat species in each were categorized as larger genera. of the plant species with authentic identification With 11 species-genus Astragalus has contributed to provide baseline data for further research and the highest number of species among the 266 genera, conservation strategies. followed by Nepeta with ten species, Artemisia and Potentilla with 9 species in each were stand 2nd and 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3rd position respectively. Two species viz Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.and Taraxacum stewartii To collect the data about the angiosperm dicots of Soest was recorded for the first time from Pakistan the study area, field trips were arranged in different and five tentatively new species. The angiosperm flowering seasons to different localities of the dicots were categorized into 6 life form classes and area from 2007 to 2018. Plant specimen has been topography was divided into different 5 ecological collected with detailed information on the field zones, distribution status, habit, and habitat of observation notebook. The plant specimen was each plant species in the research area were also tagged with collection number, properly pressed in mentioned, which is reflected in table-1. All plant blotting paper, and dried, the dried specimen passed species names and their family names were updated through the poisoning process then mounted on according to the current classification list of the slandered herbarium sheets along with the detailed Kew Flora database. field observations notes. The vegetation was categorized into different life-form classes and the Inhabit categories 370 species (66.308%) were different ecological zones were also defined based perennial herbs, 127 (22.759%) were annual herbs, Assessment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 43

Fig. 1. Map of Astore Valley Fig.1. Mape ofFig.1. Astore ValleyMape of Astore Valley

Asteraceae Asteraceae 3.763% 3.763% Brassicaceae Brassicaceae 4.480% 4.480% Papilionaceae Papilionaceae 17.00% Rosaceae17.00% Rosaceae 4.659 4.659 Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae 4.838% 4.838% Apiaceae Apiaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae 5.376% 5.376%7.168% 7.168% Polygonaceae Polygonaceae 5.555% 6.272% 5.555% 5.913% 6.272% 5.913% Cntribution of larger families in study area Cntribution of larger families in study area

Fig. 2. ContributionFig. 2. Contribution in species inrichness species ofrichness 10 larger of 10 families larger families in Astore in Astore Valley Valley Fig. 2. Contribution in species richness of 10 larger families in Astore Valley

thirty-four species were shrubs and 24 species were were stood the first position followed by with trees which were distributed in the study area (Fig. 128 (22.939%) species Therophytes was the 3). The species which is showing dominancy in the second number in position, Chamaephytes with study area was observed Artemisia brevifolium. 45 (8.064%) species in the third number, same as According to life-form classes, with the highest 28 (5%) species were Nanophanerophytes, and 24 number 330 (58.137%) species Hemicryptophytes (4.301%) species were Phanerophytes. (Fig. 4). 44 Ali NoorAssesme et alnt of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan

400 369 Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 350 ecies

p 300 s

400 369 o 250

350 er 200 b ecies 127 p 300 m 150 s

o 250 N u 100 34 er 200 50 24 b 127 2 2 m 150 0

N u 100 34 24 50 2 2 0

Habit wise distribution of species

Habit wise distribution of species FFig.ig. 3.3 .Habit-wise Habit-wi distributionse distribu oftio speciesn of s pine ctheies study in th area.e study area. Fig. 3. Habit-wise distribution of species in the study area. 350 330 350 330 300 Nummber of species Nummber of species 300 250 250 200 200 150 128 150 128 100 100 58.13 58.13 45 45 50 22.93 222.938 24 28 24 50 8.06 5 4.3 8.06 5 4.3 0 0 Hemicryptophytes HeTmheirocrphyyptetsophyCtheasmaephyteTs heNaronophhanyetroepshytes PhaCnheroapmhyatees phytes Nanophanerophytes Phanerophytes

Life-form classes withL nuifmeber-for andm c agelas ofs spees cwiesi th number and age of species

Fig. 4. Comparison of Life-Form classes with number and percentage of species in the study area Fig. 4. Comparison ofF Life-Formig. 4. Co mclassesparis owithn o numberf Life- Fandor mpercentage classes of w speciesith nu min btheer and percentage of species in the study area study area No.species Parcentage 500 No.species Parcentage The distribution status386 of the species in the With time, wild plants were decreased or 400 500 study area is categorized based on observation386 and cleaned from their natural environment and data of field notes.300 According40 0to the tabulated data, replaced by desired cultivated/invasive plants on a the highest number of species 386 (69.175%) were huge scale [ 26]. 200 300 common, 98 (17.562%) species rare,98 24 (4.301%) 100 69.17 abundant, 23 (4.121%) very200 rare, 17.520 (3.584%)24 4.12 23Astore3.61 Valley20 3.58 is the 7hot1.25 spot of Himalayan species were very0 common and 7 species are vegetation98 [27, 28, 29]. The natural wealth 100 69.17 abundant respectively C(Fi.g.5).ommon PlantsRare are theA bmostundent particularlyVery Ra17.5re theV.c oflorammon 24 of theFre qvalleyuent is facing23 different 20 The status of the species in the study area 4.12 3.61 3.58 7 1.25 vital gift which is granted by 0nature, the diversity anthropogenic and natural threats. The people of plants has played an important role on the planet. of the region most dependent on plants for food, Fig. 5. Comparison of the distribuCtioonm smtatuosn with number and pRearercentage of plant speAcibesu inn dAestnorte valley Very Rare V.common Frequent Awareness about the plants is based on trial andTh e sshelter,tatus ofood,f th eand sp otherecie sailments in the [30]. stud They a inducedrea inaccuracy. So, the transfer of authentic information anthropogenic activities are included unsustainable regarding the usage of plantsF iforg. 5various. Com ppurposesarison o f thusagee dist riofbu tinaturalon sta tresources,us with n uharvestingmber and pofer cplantsentag e of plant species in Astore valley from one generation to another generation is passed without scientific manner, lack of land management, by some addition or refined. steep slopes cultivation, shifting of cultivation

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c.

3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 4. Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. Ǥ 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c.

20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ Lamond 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. Ǥ 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. 45 Ǥ ȋȌǤ

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 46

Ǥ Ali Nooretal 11.36. ApiaceaeAsteraceae BupleurumSolidago sp. longicaule nov Wall. ex D C. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyAlpine mountainslope slope c.rr. 12.37. ApiaceaeAsteraceae BupleurumSaussurea costusnigrescens (Falconer) Nasir Lipschitz PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyCultivated mountain land slope c.rr. 13.38. ApiaceaeAsteraceae ConioselinumCichorium intybus vaginatum L. (Spreng.) Thall. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyCultivated mountain grass landslope c.at. 14.39. ApiaceaeAsteraceae HeracleumErigeron acer candicans L. Wall.ex DC. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyCultivated mountain grass landslope c.at. 15.40. ApiaceaeAsteraceae AegopodiumErigeron bellidioides alpestre Ledeb. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyCultivated mountain grass landslope c.at. 41. Asteraceae Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindl. Ex DC.) Benth. ex C. B. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land at. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W.ȋǤȌǤƬ Ǥ Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. Clarke 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 42. Asteraceae Lactuca dolichophylla Kitam. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 43. Asteraceae Picris angustifolia subsp. aungustifolia DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 44. Asteraceae Anaphalis virgata Thomson PH Cp. Dry mountain slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 45. Asteraceae LamondCirsium grififthii Boiss. PH Hp. Dry place c. 21.46. ApiaceaeAsteraceae AnethumAnthemis graveolens cotula L. L. AHAH Tp.Tp. GrassyDry plain mountain slope c.at. 22.47. ApiaceaeAsteraceae CarumArtemisia carvi scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. AHPH Tp.Cp. GrassyDry plain mountain slope c.c. 23.48. ApiaceaeAsteraceae BupleurumLactuca dissecta hamiltonii D. Don N.P. Balaker. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyDry plain mountain slope c.c. Ǥ 24.49. ApiaceaeAsteraceae AngelicaTanacetum archangelica artemisioides Schultzhimalaica-Bip.ex Hook. f. PHPH Hp.Cp. MoistDry road place side slope c.c. 25.50. ApiaceaeAsteraceae BuniumEchinops cylindricum cornigerus (Boiss. DC. & Hoh.) Drade AHPH Tp.Hp. MoistDry sandy place slope c.c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ 51. Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderb. PH Hp. Dry sandy slope r.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

52.1. AsteraceaeAmaranthaceae SeriphidiumAmaranthus brevifolium hybridus L. (Wall.subsp. ex hybridus DC.) Ling & Y. R. Ling PHAH Cp.Th. DryCultivated slope land at.c. 53.2. AsteraceaeAmaranthaceae ChondrillaAmaranthus yossii retroflexus Kitam. L. PHAH Cp.Tp. DryCultivated slope land c. 54.3. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae ScorzoneraPistacia khinjuk polyclada Stocks Rech.f. & Koie PHTR Hp.Ph. DryMountain slope clefts c.r.

55.4. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae SonchusPistacia chinensisasper (L.) Bunge Hill subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart PHTR Hp.Ph. DryStony slope dry slope c.r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan ex Brandis) Rech. f. 56. Asteraceae Tricholepis furcata DC. PH Cp. Dry slope r. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 57. Asteraceae Saussurea candicans C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Dry slope r. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 58. Asteraceae Cousinia thomsonii C. B. Clarke PH Hp. Dry slope rr. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 59. Asteraceae Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Sajok PH Hp. Dry solpe r. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 60. Asteraceae Arctium lappa L. AH Tp. Dry undulate slope r. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 61. Asteraceae Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. PH Hp. Mountain foot slop at. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 62. Asteraceae Anaphalis nepalensisǤ monocephala PH Cp. Mountain foot slop c. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 63. Asteraceae Anaphalis nepalensis var. nepalensis (C.B. Clarke) Ridley PH Cp. Mountain foot slop c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescensǤ Nasir ǤǦǤ PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 64. Asteraceae Crepis multicaulis Ledeb. PH Hp. Mountain foot slop c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 65. Asteraceae Hieracium vulgatum Fr. PH Hp. Mountain foot slop c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 66. Asteraceae Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist AH Tp. Mountain foot slop c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 67. Asteraceae Taraxacum stewartii Soes PH Hp. Mountain foot slop r. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 68. Asteraceae Artemisia gmelinii Weber PH Cp. Mountain foot slop cc. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 69. Asteraceae Saussurea chenopodifolia Klatt PH Hp. Gentle slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 70. Asteraceae Chondrilla setulosa C B. Clarke ex Hook. f. PH Cp. Gentle slope c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 71. Asteraceae Taraxacum offcinale F.H.Wigg. PH Hp. Grass land at. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 72. Asteraceae Carduus edelbergii Reach.ǤǤǤ f. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c.

Lamond 73. Asteraceae Saussurea ceratocarpa Decne. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 74. Asteraceae Hippolytia dolichophylla (Kitam.) K. Bremer & Humphries PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 75. Asteraceae Artemisia japonica Thunb. PH Hp. Plain grassy field c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 76. Asteraceae Erigeron uniflorusǤ L. PH Hp. Grassy slope at. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 77. Asteraceae Pilosiella echinoids (Lumn.) F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. PH Hp. Grassy slope c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

78. Asteraceae Saussurea candolleana (Wall.)Ǥ C.B.ClarkeȋȌǤ PH Hp. Grassy slope c. 47

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 48

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, GilgitLife- Biltistan Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 79. Asteraceae Senecio tibeticus Hook. f. PH Hp. Grassy slope c. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 80. Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus L. PH Hp. Grassy slope c. 81.3. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae LactucaPistacia sp.khinjuk nov. Stocks PHTR Hp.Ph. GrassyMountain slope clefts r. 82.4. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae LigulariaPistacia chinensis jacquemontiana Bunge subsp. (Decne.) integerrima M. A. Rau (J. L. Stewart PHTR Hp.Ph. GrassyStony dry slope slope r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 83. Asteraceae Ligularia thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) Pojark PH Hp. Grassy slope r. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 84. Asteraceae Leontopodium leontopodinum Hand-Mazz. PH Hp. Grassy slope cc. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 85. Asteraceae Spathipappus griffithii (C.B. Clarke) Tzvetv PH Cp. Mountain clefts c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 86. Asteraceae Inula obtusifolia Kern PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 87. Asteraceae Psychrogeton andryaloides (DC.)Novopokr.ex Krasch. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 88. Asteraceae Tanacetum sp. nov. PH Cp. Mountain clefts rr. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 89. Asteraceae Artemisia roxburghianaǤ Wall. ex Besser PH Cp. Mountain slope c. Ali Nooretal 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 90. Asteraceae Artemisia salsoloides Willd. PH Cp. Mountain slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 91. Asteraceae Gnaphalium stewartii C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f. AH Hp. Mountain slope c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 92. Asteraceae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 93. Asteraceae Cicerbita decipiens (Hook. f. & Thomson ex C.B Clarke) PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae BeauverdAegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 94.16. AsteraceaeApiaceae CrepisSeseli libanotis flexuosa (L.)(Ledeb.) W. Koch Benth. ex C.B. Clarke PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c.r. 95.17. AsteraceaeApiaceae LactucaFerula assa serriola-foetida L. L. PH Hp. Mountain slopeclefts c.r. 96.18. AsteraceaeApiaceae LeontopodiumLigusticum elatum brachyactis (Edgew.) Gandoger C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain slopeclefts c.r. 97.19. AsteraceaeApiaceae LeontopodiumBupleurum hamiltonii himalayanum DC. PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 98. Asteraceae Leontopodium jacotianumǤǤǤ Beauverd PH Hp. Mountain slope c. Lamond 99. Asteraceae Leontopodium linearifolium Hand.- Mazz. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 100. Asteraceae Mulgedium lessertianum (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 101. Asteraceae Saussurea albescens (DC.) Sch. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 102. Asteraceae Scorzonera divaricataǤ Turcz PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 103. Asteraceae Scorzonera virgata DC. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

104.1. AsteraceaeAmaranthaceae TanacetumAmaranthus falconeri hybridus Hook. L. subsp. f. hybridus PHAH Hp.Th. MountainCultivated slope land c. 105.2. AsteraceaeAmaranthaceae BrachyactisAmaranthus pubescensretroflexus L. AH Tp. MountainCultivated slope land c. 106.3. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae ErigeronPistacia khinjuk umbrosus Stocks (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss. AHTR Tp.Ph. Mountain slopeclefts c.r. ǤƬ 107.4. AsteraceaeAnacardiaceae SaussureaPistacia chinensis ceratocarpa Bunge var. subsp. depressa integerrima (C. B. Clarke (J. L. Stewartex Hook. AHTR Tp.Ph. MountainStony dry slope c.r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan f.)ex LipschitzBrandis) Rech. f. 108.5. AsteraceaeApiaceae SolidagoAnthriscus virgaurea nemorosa L. (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. MountainAlpine slope slope f.c. 109.6. AsteraceaeApiaceae TragopogonBunium persicum gracilis (Boiss.) D.Don Fedtsch. AH Tp. MountainCultivated slope land r.c. 110.7. AsteraceaeApiaceae AsterChaerophyllum falconeri (C. villosum B. Clarke) Wall.ex Hutch. DC. PH Hp. MountainCultivated slope grass land cc.c. 111.8. AsteraceaeApiaceae ErigeronBupleurum alpinus thomsonii L. C.B. Clarke PH Hp. MountainGrassy hill slope slope cc.r. 112.9. AsteraceaeApiaceae AnaphalisAngelica glauca chitralensis Qaiser & Rubina Abid PH Cp.Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope rr.c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 113. Asteraceae Artemisia amygdalinaǤ Decne. PH Cp. Mountain slope rr. 114.11. AsteraceaeApiaceae CirsiumBupleurum echinus longicaule (M. Bieb.) Wall. Hand. ex D -C.Mazz. PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c. 115.12. AsteraceaeApiaceae WaldheimiaBupleurum nigrescens glabra (Decne.) Nasir Regel PH Hp. HillGrassy top mountain slope r.c. Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. 116.13. AsteraceaeApiaceae Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder AHPH Tp.Hp. MudyGrassy place mountain slope c. 117.14. AsteraceaeApiaceae SenecioHeracleum glaucus candicans L. Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. RoadGrassy side mountain dry slope slope c. 118.15. AsteraceaeApiaceae InulaAegopodium clarkei alpestre(Hook. f.) Ledeb. R. R. Stewart PH Hp. RoadGrassy side mountain dry slope slope rr.c. 119.16. AsteraceaeApiaceae FilagoSeseli libanotis arvensis (L.)L. W. Koch AHPH Tp.Hp. SandyGrassy plain mountain slope at.r. 120.17. AsteraceaeApiaceae ConyzaFerula assa canadensis-foetida L.L. Cronquist AHPH Tp.Hp. SandyMountain plain clefts c.r. 121.18. AsteraceaeApiaceae GalinsogaLigusticum parviflora elatum (Edgew.) Cav. C.B.Clarke AHPH Tp.Hp. SteepMountain slope clefts f.r. 122.19. AsteraceaeApiaceae ArtemisiaBupleurum desertorum hamiltonii Spreng. PH Cp.Hp. StonyGrassy dry mountain slope slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 123. Asteraceae Senecio krascheninnikoviiǤǤǤ. Schischkin PH Hp. Stony slope c.

Lamond 124. Asteraceae Tragopogon dubius Scop. AH Tp. Undulate cultivated c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. slopeGrassy mountain slope c. 125.22. AsteraceaeApiaceae AchilleaCarum carvi millefolium L. PHAH Hp.Tp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope at.c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 126. Asteraceae Inula rhizocephalaǤ Schrenk PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 127.24. AsteraceaeApiaceae ArtemisiaAngelica archangelica sieversiana Ehrh. himalaica AHPH Tp.Hp. UndulateMoist place slope c. 128.25. AsteraceaeApiaceae BrachyactisBunium cylindricum robusta Benth.(Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. UndulateMoist place slope c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 49

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 50

138. Betulaceae Betula utilis D.DonǤ TR Ph. Hilly steep slope c. Ali Nooretal 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 139. Boraginaceae Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don) I. M. Johnston PH Hp. Alpine slope r. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 140. Boraginaceae Arnebia euchroma (Royle ) I. M. Johnston PH Hp. Cultivated land c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 141. Boraginaceae Onosma setosa var dichroantha (Boiss.) Boiss. PH Hp. Dry mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 142. Boraginaceae Lappula sinaica AH Tp. Dry place c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 143. Boraginaceae Heliotropium dasycarpum var. gymnostomum (Hemsl.) PH Cp. Dry plain c. ȋǤȌ Ǥ Ǥ 16. Apiaceae SeseliKazmi libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 144.17. BoraginaceaeApiaceae FerulaAnchusa assa arvensis-foetida subsp. L. orientalis (L.) Nordth PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainDry plain clefts r.c. 145.18. BoraginaceaeApiaceae LigusticumArnebia hispidissima elatum (Edgew.) (Lehm.) C.B.Clarke A. DC. PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainDry plain clefts r.c. 146.19. BoraginaceaeApiaceae BupleurumArnebia sp. hamiltoniinov. PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyDry slope mountain slope c.c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 147. Boraginaceae Lappula consanguineaǤǤǤ AH Tp. Gentle slope c. Lamond 148. Boraginaceae Lindelofia longiflora falconeri PH Cp. Mountain slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. ȋ ƬȌ AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 149. Boraginaceae Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi Ǥ ȋǤǤȌ AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 150. Boraginaceae Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 151. Boraginaceae Hackelia uncinataǤ PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 152. Boraginaceae Myosotis alpestris F.W.Schmidt. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricumȋǤȌ (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. 153. Boraginaceae Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill.Ǥ ȋȌǤ PH Hp. Mountain slope c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

154.1. BoraginaceaeAmaranthaceae PseudomertensiaAmaranthus hybridus echioides L. subsp. (Benth.) hybridus Riedl. PHAH Hp.Th. MountainCultivated slope land c. 155.2. BoraginaceaeAmaranthaceae PseudomertensiaAmaranthus retroflexus moltkioides L. var. tanneri (C. B. Clarke ) R. PHAH Hp.Tp. MountainCultivated slope land c. 3. Anacardiaceae R.Pistacia Stewert khinjuk & Kazmi Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r.

156.4. BoraginaceaeAnacardiaceae LappulaPistacia chinensisbarbata (M. Bunge Bieb.) subsp. Gurke integerrima (J. L. Stewart AHTR Tp.Ph. MountainStony dry slope c.r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 157. Boraginaceae Lappulaex Brandis) heterantha Rech. f. (Ledeb.) Gurke AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 158.5. BoraginaceaeApiaceae RocheliaAnthriscus bungei nemorosa Trautv. (M. Bieb.) Spreng. AHPH Tp.Hp. MountainAlpine slope slope c. 159.6. BoraginaceaeApiaceae CynoglossumBunium persicum wallichi (Boiss.) var. Fedtsch. glochidiatum (Wall.ex Benth.) BHAH Tp. MountainCultivated slope land c. 7. Apiaceae KazmiChaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 160.8. BoraginaceaeApiaceae RocheliaBupleurum leiocarpa thomsonii Ledeb. C.B. Clarke AHPH Tp.Hp. SandyGrassy place hill slope c.r. 161.9. BoraginaceaeApiaceae AsperugoAngelica glauca procumbens L. AHPH Tp.Hp. SandyGrassy slope mountain slope c. 162.10. BoraginaceaeApiaceae NoneaBupleurum edgeworthii longicaule DC. var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke AHPH Tp.Hp. SandyGrassy slope mountain slope r.c. Ǥ 163.11. BoraginaceaeApiaceae ArnebiaBupleurum guttata longicaule Bunge Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 164.12. BoraginaceaeApiaceae LindelofiaBupleurum macrostyla nigrescens (Bunge)Nasir Popov PH Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 165.13. BoraginaceaeApiaceae OnosmaConioselinum hispida vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 166. Boraginaceae Pseudomertensia trollii var. edelbergii (Rech.f. & Riedl) PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicansǤ Ǥ Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. Kazmi 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 167. Boraginaceae Rochelia disperma (L. f.) C. Koch AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 168. Boraginaceae Rochelia stylaris Boiss. AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 169. Boraginaceae Pseudomertensia moltkioides (Royle ex Benth.) Kazmi PH Hp. Undulate slope cc. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 170. Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. AH Tp. Cultivated land at. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 171. Brassicaceae Arabis nova Vill. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 172. Brassicaceae Crucihimalaya mollissimaǤǤǤ (C. A. Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, AH Tp. Cultivated land c.

Lamond O’Kone & R.A.Price 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 173. Brassicaceae Sisymbrium altissimum L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 174. Brassicaceae Tauscheria lasiocarpa Fisch.ex DC. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 175. Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvenseǤ L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 176. Brassicaceae Turritis glabra L. AH Tp. Cultivated land r. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

177. Brassicaceae Malcolmia intermedia C.Ǥ A. Mey. ȋȌǤ AH Tp. Dry place at. 51

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 52

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit Life- Biltistan Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 178.1. BrassicaceaeAmaranthaceae AmaranthusMalcolmia africana hybridus (L.) L. R. subsp. Br. hybridus AHAH Th.Tp. CultivatedDry place land c.c. 179.2. BrassicaceaeAmaranthaceae AmaranthusMalcolmia africana retroflexus var. L. trichocarpa (Boiss. & Buhse) AHAH Tp.Tp. CultivatedDry plain land c.c. Boiss. 3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 180. Brassicaceae Olimarabidopsis pumila (Celak.) Al -Shehbaz, O’Kone & AH Tp. Dry plain c. 4. Anacardiaceae PistaciaR.A.Price chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 181. Brassicaceae Alyssum desertorum Stapf AH Tp. Dry sandy slope c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 182. Brassicaceae Conringia planisiliqua Fisch. & Mey. AH Tp. Dry slope c. 183.6. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BuniumSisymbrium persicum brassiciforme (Boiss.) Fedtsch.C. A. Mey. AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedMountain foot land slop c.c. 184.7. BrassicaceaeApiaceae ChaerophyllumAsperuginoides axillaris villosum (Boiss.Wall.ex & DC. Hohen.) Rouschert PHAH Hp.Tp. CultivatedMountain foot grass slop land c.c. 185.8. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BupleurumArabis saxicola thomsonii Edgew C.B. Clarke PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountainhill slope slope r.c. 186.9. BrassicaceaeApiaceae AngelicaNasturtium glauca microphyllum Boenn . PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountain slope slope c.c. 187.10. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BupleurumErysimum robustum longicaule D.Don var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyGrassy mountain slope slope c.c.

Ǥ Ali Nooretal 188.11. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BupleurumBarbarea intermedia longicaule Boreau Wall. ex D C. PHPH Hp.Tp. GrassyPlain grassy mountain field slope c.c. 189.12. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BupleurumBarbarea vulgaris nigrescens R. Br. Nasir PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassySlope of mountain grassy land slope c.c. 190.13. BrassicaceaeApiaceae ConioselinumMatthiola flavida vaginatum Boiss. (Spreng.) Thall. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassySlope of mountain grassy land slope c.c. 191.14. BrassicaceaeApiaceae HeracleumCamelina microcarpa candicans Wall.exAndrze.ex DC. DC. PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain clefts slope c.rr. 192. Brassicaceae Arabis pterosperma Edgew. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 193. Brassicaceae Chorispora macropoda Trautv. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 194. Brassicaceae Chorispora sabulosa Cambess PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 195. Brassicaceae Crucihimalaya wallichii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Al -Shehbaz, PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 18. Apiaceae LigusticumO’Kone & R.A.Price elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 196.19. BrassicaceaeApiaceae BupleurumDendroarabis hamiltonii fruticulosa (C. A. Mey.) D.A.German & Al - PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c.c. Shebaz 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 197. Brassicaceae LamondThlaspi septigerum Jafri PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 198.21. BrassicaceaeApiaceae AnethumDraba olgae graveolens Regel & L. Schmalh. AHAH Tp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c.c. 199.22. BrassicaceaeApiaceae CarumDraba stenocarpacarvi Hook. f. & Thomson AHAH Tp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c.c. 200. Brassicaceae Descurainia suphia (L.) Webb ex Prantl. AH Tp. Marshy place c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 201. Brassicaceae CrucihimalayaǤ himalaica (Edgew.) Al -Shehbaz, O’Kone & AH Tp. Marshy place c. 24. Apiaceae AngelicaR.A.Price archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. 202. Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale R. ǤBr. ȋȌǤ AH Tp. moist slope c. 203. Brassicaceae Malcolmia africana var. africana AH Tp. Plain bazar area c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

204.1. AmaranthaceaeBrassicaceae AmaranthusErysimum schlagintweitianum hybridus L. subsp. O.E. hybridus Schulz AHAH Th.Tp. CultivatedRiver bank land c.c. 205.2. AmaranthaceaeBrassicaceae AmaranthusBarbarea plantaginea retroflexus DC. L. AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedUndulate slope land c.c. 206.3. AnacardiaceaeBrassicaceae Pistacia*Arabidopsis khinjuk russelliana Stocks Jafri TRAH Ph.Tp. MountainUndulate slopeclefts r.c.

207.4. AnacardiaceaeBrassicaceae PistaciaArabidopsis chinensis thaliana Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TRAH Ph.Tp. StonyUndulate dry slope r.c. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan ex Brandis) Rech. f. 208. Brassicaceae Sisymbrium heteromallum C. A. Mey. AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M.ȋǤȌ Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 209. Brassicaceae Sisymbrium loeselii L. AH Tp. Undulate slope r. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 210. Campanulaceae Codonopsis ovata Benth. PH Hp. Alpine slope r. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 211. Campanulaceae Campanula pallida Wall. PH Hp. Dry sandy slope r. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 212. Campanulaceae Campanula leucantha Gilli PH Hp. Mountain foot slop c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 213. Campanulaceae Campanula cashmeriana Royle PH Hp. Slope of mountain r. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 214. Campanulaceae Codonopsis clematideaǤ (Schrenk) C. B. Clarke PH Hp. Moist place r. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 215. Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. AH Tp. Cultivated grass land c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 216. Capparidaceae Capparis spinosa L. SH Cp. Dry slope c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 217. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera asperifolia Hook. f. & Thomson SH Cp. Mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 218. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera obovata Royle ex Hook.f. & Thoms. SH Cp. Mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 219. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera microphylla Willd.ex Schult. SH NP. Mountain slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 220. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera purpurascens (Decone.) Walp. SH NP. Mountain slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 221. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera quinquelocularis Hardwicke SH NP. Undulate slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 222. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus crinitus Sm. PH Hp. Along the road dry r. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassyplace mountain slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 223. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus falconeri Edgew.ǤǤǤ & Hook. f. PH Hp. Along the road dry rr.

Lamond place 224.21. ApiaceaeCaryophyllaceae AnethumCerastium graveolens cerastoides L. (L.) Britton AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyAlpine mountainslope slope c.r. 225.22. ApiaceaeCaryophyllaceae CarumStellaria carvi monosperma Bush.-Ham. ex D. Don AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyAlpine mountainslope slope c.r. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 226. Caryophyllaceae Lepyrodiclis holosteoidesǤ (C. A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch & C. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 24. Apiaceae AngelicaA. Mey. archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 53

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 54

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, GilgitLife- Biltistan Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 227. Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke PH Hp. Cultivated grass land at. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 228. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus anatolicus Boiss. PH Hp. Dry slope c. 229.3. CaryophyllaceaeAnacardiaceae ArenariaPistacia khinjuk serpyllifolia Stocks L. AHTR Tp.Ph. DryMountain slope clefts r. 230.4. CaryophyllaceaeAnacardiaceae SpergulariaPistacia chinensis diandra Bunge (Guss.) subsp. Heldr. integerrima (J. L. Stewart PHTR Hp.Ph. MountainStony dry footslope slop c.r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 231. Caryophyllaceae Tytthostemma alsinoides (Boiss. & Buhse) Nevski AH Tp. Mountain foot slop c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 232. Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila cerastoides D. Don AH Tp. Gentle slope c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 233. Caryophyllaceae Cerastium dichotomum L. AH Tp. Grass land c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 234. Caryophyllaceae Silene gonosperma subsp. himalayensis (Rohrb.) Bocquet PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 235. Caryophyllaceae Silene indica var. cashmeriana ( Majumdar) Y. Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 236. Caryophyllaceae Cerastium davuricum Fisch. ex Spreng PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 237. Caryophyllaceae Arenaria orbiculataǤ Royle ex Edgew. & Hook. f. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. Ali Nooretal 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 238. Caryophyllaceae Sagina saginoides (L.) H. Karst. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 239. Caryophyllaceae Silene kunawarensis Royle PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 240. Caryophyllaceae Silene moorcroftiana Wall.ex Benth. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 241. Caryophyllaceae Cerastium pusillum Ser. AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 242. Caryophyllaceae Silene conoidea L. AH Tp. Moist place r. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 243. Caryophyllaceae Stellaria montioides (Edgew. & Hook. f.) Ghaz. PH Hp. Sunny slope r. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 244. Caryophyllaceae Minuartia kashmirica (Edgew. Hook. f.) Mattf. PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 245. Caryophyllaceae Silene graminifolia Oth. PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 246. Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 247. Celastraceae EuonymusLamond fimbriatus Wall. TR Ph. Mountain foot slop r. 248.21. ChenopodiaceaeApiaceae ChenopodiumAnethum graveolens album L.L. AH Tp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope at.c. 249.22. ChenopodiaceaeApiaceae BassiaCarum scopariacarvi (L.) A.J. Scott PHAH Cp.Tp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope r.c. 250.23. ChenopodiaceaeApiaceae DysphaniaBupleurum botryshamiltonii (L.) MosyukinN.P. Balaker. & Clemants AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope cc.c. Ǥ 251.24. ChenopodiaceaeApiaceae BassiaAngelica prostrata archangelica (L.) Beck himalaica USPH Cp.Hp. DryMoist place place c. 252.25. ChenopodiaceaeApiaceae CeratocarpusBunium cylindricum arenarius (Boiss. L. & Hoh.) Drade PHAH Cp.Tp. DryMoist plain place r.c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ 253. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium badachschanicum Tzvelev AH Tp. Dry plain r.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

1.254. AmaranthaceaeChenopodiaceae AmaranthusBassia hyssopifolia hybridus (Pall.) L. subsp. Kuntze hybridus AHPH Th.Cp. CultivatedDry slope land c.c. 2.255. AmaranthaceaeChenopodiaceae AmaranthusKrascheninnikovia retroflexus ceratoides L. (L.) Guldenst. AHPH Tp.Cp. CultivatedDry slope land c.c. 3.256. AnacardiaceaeChenopodiaceae PistaciaSalsola kalikhinjuk Stocks tragus TRAH Ph.Tp. MountainDry slope clefts r.c.

4.257. AnacardiaceaeChenopodiaceae PistaciaHalogeton chinensis glomeratus Bunge (M. subsp. Bieb.) integerrima Ledeb. (J. L. Stewart TRAH Ph.Tp. StonySandy dry dry slope place r.c. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan ex Brandis) Rech.Ǥ f. ȋǤȌǤ 258. Chenopodiaceae Atriplex schugnanica Iljin PH Hp. Sandy slope r. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 259. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium foliosum Asch. AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 260. Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. PH Hp. Dry place c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 261. Corylaceae Corylus jacquemontii Decne. TR Ph. Gentle slope r. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 262. Crassulaceae Rhodiola heterodonta (Hook. f. & Thom.) Boriss. PH Hp. Mountain foot slop c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 263. Crassulaceae Rosularia alpestris (Kar. & Kir.) Boriss. PH Hp. Mountain foot slop c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 264. Crassulaceae Sedum ewersii Ledeb.Ǥ PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 265. Crassulaceae Rhodiola fastigiata (Hook. f. & Thom.) S. H. Fu PH Hp. Grassy steep slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 266. Crassulaceae Pseudosedum lievenii (Ledeb.) A. Berger PH Hp. Mountain clefts c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 267. Crassulaceae Rhodiola bupleuroides (Wall. ex Hook. F. & Thom.) S. H. PH Hp. Slope of mountain c. 14. Apiaceae HeracleumFu candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 15.268. ApiaceaeCrassulaceae AegopodiumSedum quadrifidum alpestre Pall. Ledeb. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassySlope ofmountain mountain slope c.c. 16.269. ApiaceaeCrassulaceae SeseliHylotelephium libanotis pakistanicum(L.) W. Koch (G.R. Sarwar) G. R. Sarwar PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyUndulate mountain slope slope r.c. 17.270. ApiaceaeCuscutaceae FerulaCuscuta assa europaea-foetida L.L. PHAH Hp.Tp. MountainCultivated clefts grass land r.c. 18.271. ApiaceaeCuscutaceae LigusticumCuscuta australis elatum R. (Edgew.) Br. C.B.Clarke PHAH Hp.Tp. MountainSlope of grassyclefts land r.c. 19.272. ApiaceaeCuscutaceae BupleurumCuscuta monogyna hamiltonii Vahl PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain clefts slope c.r. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 273. Datiscaceae Datisca cannabina L. ǤǤǤ PH Hp. Moist slope r.

Lamond 274. Dipsacaceae Scabiosa speciosa Royle PH Hp. Gentle slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 275. Dipsacaceae Dipsacus inermis Wall. var. inermis PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 276. Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia var. angustifolia TR Ph. Road side dry plain c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 277. Elaeagnaceae Hippophae rhamnoidesǤ subsp. turkestanica Rousi TR Ph. Sandy moist place c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 278. Ericaceae Rhododendron hypenthum Balf. F. SH Cp. Slope of mountain r. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 55

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 56

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, GilgitLife- Biltistan Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 279. Euphorbiaceae Andrachne aspera Spreng. PH Cp. Dry plain r. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 280. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia osyridea Boiss. PH Cp. Dry sandy place c. 3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 281. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia jacquemontii Boiss. PH Hp. Slope of mountain c. 4. Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. 282. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. PH Hp. Slope of mountain c. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 283. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia thyrsoidea Boiss. PH Hp. Sandy slope rr. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 284. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. PH Hp. Stony slope r. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 285. Fumariaceae Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 286. Fumariaceae Corydalis thyrsiflora Prain PH Hp. Gentle slope c. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 287. Fumariaceae Corydalis govaniana Wall. PH Hp. Moist place c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 288. Gentianaceae Gentiana tianschanica Rupr.ex Kusn. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 289. Gentianaceae Gentianella moorcorftianaǤ (Wall.ex Griseb.) Airy Shaw PH Hp. Alpine slope c. Ali Nooretal 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 290. Gentianaceae Swertia speciosa G.Don PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 291. Gentianaceae Gentiana huxleyi Kusn. AH Tp. Alpine slope c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 292. Gentianaceae Swertia cordata (Wall. ex G.Don) C. B. Clarke AH Tp. Cultivated grass land c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 293. Gentianaceae Lomatogonium carinthiacum (Walf.) Rchb. PH Hp. Slope of grassy land c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 294. Gentianaceae Lomatogonium caeruleum (Royle) H. Smith. ex B. L. Burtt PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 295. Gentianaceae Gentiana alii (Omer & Qaiser) T.N.Ho. AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 296. Gentianaceae Jaeschkea oligosperma Knobl. AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 297. Gentianaceae Lomatogonium spathulatum (A. Kern.) Fernald AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 298. Gentianaceae Swertia thomsonii C. B.Clarke AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 299. Gentianaceae LamondGentianopsis paludosa (Hook. f.) Ma AH Tp. Moist place r. 300.21. GentianaceaeApiaceae AnethumComastoma graveolens borealis L.(Bunge) T. N. HO AHAH Tp.Tp. GrassyUndulate mountain slope slope c.r. 301.22. GeraniaceaeApiaceae CarumGeranium carvi collinum Steph.ex Willd. AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c.c. 302.23. GeraniaceaeApiaceae BupleurumGeranium himalayense hamiltonii N.P. Klotzsch Balaker. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c.c. Ǥ 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

303.1. AmaranthaceaeGeraniaceae AmaranthusGeranium kotschyi hybridus subsp. L. subsp. charlesii hybridus (Aitch. & Hemsl.) AHPH Th.Hp. CultivatedMountain slopeland c.c. 2. Amaranthaceae AmaranthusP.H.Davis retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 304.3. AnacardiaceaeGeraniaceae PistaciaGeranium khinjuk pratense Stocks subsp. stewartianum Y. J.Nasir TRPH Ph.Hp. MountainMountain cleftsslope r.c.

305.4. AnacardiaceaeGeraniaceae PistaciaGeranium chinensis tuberaria Bunge Camb. subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TRPH Ph.Hp. StonyMountain dry slopeslope r.c. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 306. Geraniaceae exGeranium Brandis) pratense Rech. f. subsp. stewartianum var. schmidii Y. PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 5. Apiaceae AnthriscusNasir nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 307.6. ApiaceaeGeraniaceae BuniumGeranium persicum swatense (Boiss.) schonbeck Fedtsch. – Temesy AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedUndulate slope land c.c. 308.7. ApiaceaeGrossulariaceae ChaerophyllumRibes nigrum L. villosum Wall.ex DC. PHSH Hp.NP. CultivatedSlope of mountain grass land c.c. 309.8. ApiaceaeGrossulariaceae BupleurumRibes orientale thomsonii Desf. C.B. Clarke PHSH Hp.NP. GrassySlope of hill mountain slope r.c. 310.9. ApiaceaeGrossulariaceae AngelicaRibes alpestre glauca Wall.ex Decne. PHSH Hp.NP. GrassyStony hill mountain slope slope c.r. 311.10. ApiaceaeHypericaceae BupleurumHypericum longicauleperforatum var. L. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGentle mountainslope slope c.r. Ǥ 312.11. ApiaceaeLamiaceae BupleurumNepeta leucolaena longicaule Benth.ex Wall. Hook.ex D C. f. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyCultivated mountain land slope c.c. 313.12. ApiaceaeLamiaceae BupleurumStachys melissifolia nigrescens Benth. Nasir PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyDry slope mountain slope c.c. 314.13. ApiaceaeLamiaceae ConioselinumThymus linearis vaginatum Benth. (Spreng.) Thall. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain foot slop slope c.at. 315.14. ApiaceaeLamiaceae HeracleumDracocephalum candicans nutans Wall.ex L. DC. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain foot slop slope c.c. 316.15. ApiaceaeLamiaceae AegopodiumNepeta podostachys alpestre subsp. Ledeb. paulsenii (Briq.) A.L. Budantzev PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain foot slop slope c.c. 317.16. ApiaceaeLamiaceae SeseliPhlomis libanotis bracteosa (L.) Royle W. Koch ex Benth. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain foot slop slope r.c. 318.17. ApiaceaeLamiaceae FerulaPrunella assa vulgaris-foetida L. L. PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainMountain cleftsfoot slop r.c. 319.18. ApiaceaeLamiaceae LigusticumLamium album elatum L. (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainMountain cleftsfoot slop r.r. 320.19. ApiaceaeLamiaceae BupleurumDracocephalum hamiltonii bipinnatum Rupr. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGentle mountainslope slope c.c. 321.20. ApiaceaeLamiaceae ChaerophyllumNepeta laevigata reflexum (D. Don) var. Hand. acuminatum-Mazz. (Lindl.) Hedge & PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGentle mountainslope slope c.c. ǤǤǤ

322. Lamiaceae LamondScutellaria edelbergii Rech. f. PH Hp. Gentle slope c. 323.21. ApiaceaeLamiaceae AnethumDracocephalum graveolens moldavica L. L. AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyGrass land mountain slope c.c. 324.22. ApiaceaeLamiaceae CarumNepeta carviclarkei Hook .f. AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountainslope slope c.c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 325. Lamiaceae Nepeta linearisǤ Royle ex Benth. PH Hp. Grassy slope c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 57

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 58

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, GilgitLife- Biltistan Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 326. Lamiaceae Nepeta nervosa Royle ex Benth. PH Hp. Grassy slope cc. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 327. Lamiaceae Mentha longifolia (L.) L. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 328.3. LamiaceaeAnacardiaceae MenthaPistacia royleana khinjuk Stocks Wall.ex Benth. PHTR Hp.Ph. Mountain slopeclefts c.r. 329.4. LamiaceaeAnacardiaceae ClinopodiumPistacia chinensis umbrosum Bunge (M. subsp. Bieb.) integerrima Kuntz (J. L. Stewart AHTR Tp.Ph. MountainStony dry slope c.r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 330. Lamiaceae Elsholtzia densa Benth. AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 331. Lamiaceae Stachys tibetica Vatke AH Tp. Mountain slope r. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 332. Lamiaceae Nepeta connata Royle ex Benth. PH Hp. Open dry slope c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 333. Lamiaceae Nepeta adenophyta Hedge PH Hp. Stony dry slope rr. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 334. Lamiaceae Nepeta discolor Royle ex Benth. PH Hp. Undulate slope at. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 335. Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca L. PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 336. Lamiaceae Nepeta erecta (RoyleǤ ex Benth.) Benth. PH Hp. Undulate slope c. Ali Nooretal 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 337. Lamiaceae Salvia nubicola Wall. ex Sweet PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 338. Malvaceae Malva verticillata L. AH Tp. Grass land c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 339. Malvaceae Malva neglecta Waller PH Hp. Road side slope cc. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 340. Malvaceae Alcea rosea L. AH Tp. Undulate slope r. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 341. Moraceae Ficus palmata Forssk. TR Ph. Road side c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 342. Morinaceae Morina caolteriana Rayle PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 343. Oleaceae Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall.ex A. DC. TR Ph. Dry slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 344. Onagraceae Oenothera glazioviana Micheli PH Hp. Cultivated land r. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 345. Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium L. PH Hp. Slope of grassy land c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 346. Onagraceae EpilobiumLamond latifolium subsp. latifolium Peter C.Hoch & Peter PH Hp. Slope of grassy land c. H. Raven 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 347. Onagraceae Epilobium laxum Royle PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 348. Onagraceae Epilobium palustre L. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 349. Onagraceae Epilobium amurenseǤ Hausskn PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 350. Onagraceae Epilobium parviflorum Schreber PH Hp. Stony slope c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. 351. Onagraceae Epilobium royleanum Hausskn.Ǥ ȋȌǤ PH Hp. Undulate slope c. 352. Orobanchaceae Orobanche alba Steph. PH Gp. Slope of grassy land c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

353.1. OrobanchaceaeAmaranthaceae AmaranthusOrbanche cernua hybridus var. L.pseudo subsp.-clarkei hybridus Jaferi AHBH Th.Gp. CultivatedUndulate slope land c.r. 354.2. PapaveraceaeAmaranthaceae AmaranthusMeconopsis latifoliaretroflexus (Prain) L. Prin AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedStony slope land c.rr. 355.3. PapialionaceaeAnacardiaceae PistaciaAstragalus khinjuk sp. nov Stocks TRPH Ph.Hp. MountainDry slope clefts r.rr.

356.4. PapilionaceaeAnacardiaceae PistaciaOxytropis chinensis glabra DC. Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TRPH Ph.Hp. StonyAlpine dry slope slope r.c. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan ex Brandis) Rech. f. 357. Papilionaceae Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. PH Hp. Cultivated land c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 358. Papilionaceae Medicago sativa L. PH Hp. Cultivated land c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 359. Papilionaceae Trifolium resupinatum L. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 360. Papilionaceae Trifolium pratense L. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land f. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 361. Papilionaceae Cicer microphyllum Benth. PH Hp. Cultivated grassy field c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 362. Papilionaceae Medicago lupulina L. AH Tp. Cultivated grassy field c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 363. Papilionaceae Medicago falcataǤ L. PH Hp. Cultivated moist field c. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 364. Papilionaceae Astragalus grahamianus Benth. PH Cp. Dry calcareous slope c. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 365. Papilionaceae Colutea nepalensis Sims SH NP. Dry calcareous slope r. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 366. Papilionaceae Chesneya depressa (Oliver) Pop. PH Hp. Dry slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 367. Papilionaceae Astracantha strobilifera (Benth.) Podlech PH Cp. Dry stony slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 368. Papilionaceae Hedysarum falconeri Baker PH Hp. Dry stony slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 369. Papilionaceae Colutea paulsenii Freyn SH NP. Dry stony slope r. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 370. Papilionaceae Trifolium repens L. PH Hp. Grass land at. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 371. Papilionaceae Oxytropis mollis Benth. PH Hp. Mountain clefts c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 372. Papilionaceae Astragalus oplites Benth. ex R. Parker PH Cp. Slope of mountain c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 373. Papilionaceae Astragalus rhizanthus subsp.ǤǤǤ candolleanus (Benth.) Podlech PH Cp. Mountain slope c.

Lamond 374. Papilionaceae Astragalus falconeri Bunge PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 375. Papilionaceae Astragalus himalayanus Klotzsch PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 376. Papilionaceae Lotus corniculatus L. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 377. Papilionaceae Oxytropis lapponicaǤ (Wahl.) Gay PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 378. Papilionaceae Astragalus rhizanthus Benth. PH Hp. Mountain slope Cc 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 59

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 60

388. Papilionaceae Onobrychis laxifloraǤ subsp.laxiflora Baker PH Hp. Undulate slope c. Ali Nooretal 389.11. PapilionaceaeApiaceae MelilotusBupleurum indic longicauleus (L.) All. Wall. ex D C. AHPH Tp.Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 390.12. ParnassiaceaeApiaceae ParnassiaBupleurum nubicola nigrescens Wall. Nasir ex Royle PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thall. 391.13. ParnassiaceaeApiaceae Parnassia laxmannii Pallas ex Schultes PH Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 392.14. PlantaginaceaeApiaceae PlantagoHeracleum lanceolata candicans L. Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope c. 393.15. PlantaginaceaeApiaceae PlantagoAegopodium major alpestre L. Ledeb. PH Hp. MoistGrassy place mountain slope cc.c. 394.16. PlatanaceaeApiaceae PlatanusSeseli libanotis orientalis (L.) L.W. Koch TRPH Ph.Hp. AlongGrassy the mountain road slope c.r. 395.17. PlumbaginaceaeApiaceae AcantholimonFerula assa-foetida lycopodioides L. (Girard) Boiss. SHPH Cp.Hp. Mountain clefts r. 396.18. PodophyllaceaeApiaceae SinopodophyllumLigusticum elatum hexandrum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke (Royle) T.S. Ying. PH Hp. SlopeMountain of mountain clefts r. 397.19. PolemoniaceaeApiaceae PolemoniumBupleurum hamiltonii caeruleum L. PH Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain mountain slope c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 398. Polygonaceae Persicaria alpina (All.)ǤǤǤ H. Gross PH Hp. Alpine slope c. Lamond 399. Polygonaceae Rheum australe D.Don PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 21. Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 400. Polygonaceae Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gomez PH Hp. Cultivated land c. 22. Apiaceae Carum carvi AH Tp. Grassy mountain slope c. 401. Polygonaceae Persicaria nepalensis PH Hp. Cultivated land c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 402. Polygonaceae Fagopyrum acutatumǤ (Lehm.) Monsf.ex K. Hammer AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelicaȋȌhimalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 403. Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridusL. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 404. Polygonaceae Rheum webbianum Royle PH Hp. Cultivated land P.R.C. c. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexusL. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 405. Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Gray PH Hp. Dry plain c. 3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 406. Polygonaceae Polygonum paronychioides C. A. Mey. PH Hp. Dry slope c.

4. Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 407. Polygonaceae Persicariaex Brandis) lapathifolia Rech. f. (L.) Delarbe PH Hp. Gentle slope cc. 408.5. PolygonaceaeApiaceae RheumAnthriscus tibeticum nemorosa Maxim.ex (M. Bieb.) Hook. Spreng. f. PHPH Hp.Hp. AlpineMountain slope clefts c. r. 409.6. PolygonaceaeApiaceae PersicariaBunium persicum vivipara (Boiss.) (L.) Ronse Fedtsch. Decr. AHPH Tp.Hp. CultivatedSlope of landmountain c. at. 410.7. PolygonaceaeApiaceae RumexChaerophyllum nepalensis villosum Spreng. Wall.ex DC. PHPH Hp.Hp. CultivatedSlope of grassmountain land c. c. 411.8. PolygonaceaeApiaceae RumexBupleurum thianschanicus thomsonii C.B. Clarke PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain hill slopeslope r. c. 412. Polygonaceae Aconogonon tortuosum (D.Don) Hara var. tibetanum PH Hp. Mountain slope cc. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca Ǥ PH Hp. Grassy mountainslope c. (Meisn.) S.-P. Hong 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 413. Polygonaceae Bistorta affinis (D.Don)GreeneǤ PH Hp. Mountain slope cc. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 414. Polygonaceae Oxyria digyna (L.)Hill PH Hp. Mountain slope cc. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 415. Polygonaceae Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach PH Hp. Moist place c. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum(Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 416. Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare L. PH Hp. Murshy place at. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicansWall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 417. Polygonaceae Rumex hastatus D.Don. PH Hp. Road side slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 418. Polygonaceae Polygonum molliiforme Boiss. AH Tp. Stony slope c. 16. Apiaceae Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 419. Primulaceae Primula elliptica Royle PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 17. Apiaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 420. Primulaceae Primula schlagintweitiana Pax PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 18. Apiaceae Ligusticum elatum (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 421. Primulaceae Primula macrophylla var. macrophylla Y.J. Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountainslope c. 422. Primulaceae Androsace septentrionalis L. AH Tp. Slope of mountain c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexumvar. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 423. Primulaceae Androsace rotundifolia ǤǤǤHardwicke PH Hp. Slope of mountain c.

Lamond 424.21. PrimulaceaeApiaceae PrimulaAnethum denticulata graveolens W. L. W. Smith AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMoist mountain place slope c. c. 425.22. PrimulaceaeApiaceae PrimulaCarum carvimacrophylla var. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Klatt) AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMoist mountain slope slope c. c. W.W.Sm. &H.R. Fletcher 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltoniiN.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 426. Primulaceae Androsace mucronifoliaǤ Watt. PH Hp. Moist slpoe r. 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 427. Primulaceae Cortusa brotheri Pax ex Lispsky PH Hp. Shady place r. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c.

428. Primulaceae Androsace aizoon subsp.Ǥ aizoon Y.J. NasirȋȌǤ PH Hp. Undulate slope r. 61

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 62 S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 429.2. PrimulaceaeAmaranthaceae AndrosaceAmaranthus thomsonii retroflexus (Watt) L. Y. Nasir PHAH Hp.Tp. UndulateCultivated slope land r.c. 430.3. PunicaceaeAnacardiaceae PunicaPistacia granatum khinjuk Stocks L. TR Ph. CultivatedMountain cleftsland c.r. 431.4. RanunculaceaeAnacardiaceae AconitumPistacia chinensis violaceum Bunge var. violaceumsubsp. integerrima Y.J. Nasir (J. L. Stewart PHTR Hp.Ph. AlpineStony dry slopes slope r. 432. Ranunculaceae Ranunculusex Brandis) Rech.chaerophyllos f. L. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land f. 433.5. RanunculaceaeApiaceae RanunculusAnthriscus nemorosa diffusus DC. (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. CultivatedAlpine slope grass land cc.c. 434.6. RanunculaceaeApiaceae RanunculusBunium persicum hirtellus (Boiss.) Royle Fedtsch. PHAH Hp.Tp. Cultivated grassland land cc.c. 435.7. RanunculaceaeApiaceae RanunculusChaerophyllum laetus villosum Wall.ex Wall.ex Hook. DC.f. & Thomson PH Hp. Cultivated grass land cc.c. 436.8. RanunculaceaeApiaceae ClematisBupleurum orientalis thomsonii L. C.B. Clarke PH Hp. DryGrassy slope hill slope r. 437.9. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AquilegiaAngelica glauca fragrans var. fragrans Harald Riedl & Y.J.Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope rr.c. 438.10. RanunculaceaeApiaceae TrolliusBupleurum acaulis longicaule Lindley var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. PlainGrassy grassy mountain field slope c.

Ǥ Ali Nooretal 439.11. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AnemoneBupleurum tetrasepala longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain grassy land slope c. 440.12. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AconitumBupleurum heterophyllum nigrescens Nasir var. heterophyllum Y.J. Nasir PH Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain grassy land slope r.c. 441.13. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AquilegiaConioselinum moorcroftiana vaginatum var.(Spreng.) moorcroftiana Thall. Harald Riedl & PH Hp. Grassy undulatemountain slope slope c. 14. Apiaceae Y.J.NasirHeracleum candicans Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 442.15. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AconitumAegopodium chasmanthum alpestre Ledeb. Stapf ex Holmes PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c. 443.16. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AconitumSeseli libanotis laeve (L.)Royle W. Koch PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c.r. 444.17. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AquilegiaFerula assa pubiflora-foetida Wall.L. ex Royle PH Hp. Mountain slopeclefts r. 445.18. RanunculaceaeApiaceae PulsatillaLigusticum wallichiana elatum (Edgew.) (Royle) C.B.Clarke Ulbr. PH Hp. HillMountain slope underclefts tree rr.r. shade 19. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 446. Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris var. alba (Cambess) Hook.f. & Thomson PH Hp. Moist place c. 20. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum reflexum var. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. ǤǤǤ 447. Ranunculaceae CalthaLamond palustris L. PH Hp. Moist place r. 448.21. RanunculaceaeApiaceae DelphiniumAnethum graveolens pyramidale L. Royle PHAH Hp.Tp. MoistGrassy place mountain slope r.c. 449.22. RanunculaceaeApiaceae ActaeaCarum spicatacarvi L. PHAH Hp.Tp. StonyGrassy foot mountain hill slope slope r.c. 450.23. RanunculaceaeApiaceae AquilegiaBupleurum fragrans hamiltonii Benth. N.P. Balaker. PH Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope under slope c. Ǥ tree shade 24. Apiaceae Angelica archangelica himalaica PH Hp. Moist place c. 451. Rhamnaceae Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C. Johnston var. brandrethiana SH NP. Mountain clefts r. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. (Aitch.) Qaiser & NazimǤ ȋȌǤ 452. Rosaceae Sibbaldia tetrandra Bunge PH Hp. Alpine slope c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridusL. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 453. Rosaceae Cerasus cerasoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D. Don) S.Y. Sokolov TR Ph. Cultivated land c. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexusL. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 454. Rosaceae Malus domestica Borkh. TR Ph. Cultivated land c. 3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 455. Rosaceae Prunus amygdalus Stokes TR Ph. Cultivated land c.

4. Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 456. Rosaceae Rosa foetida J. Herm. SH NP. Cultivated land rr. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 457. Rosaceae Crataegus songarica C. Koch. TR Ph. Cultivated grass land c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 458. Rosaceae Prunus jacquemontii Hook. f. SH NP. Dry stony slope c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 459. Rosaceae Sibbaldia procumbens L. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 460. Rosaceae Potentilla desertorum Bunge PH Hp. Slope of grassy land c. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 461. Rosaceae Potentilla gelida C. A. Mey. PH Hp. Slope of grassy land c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountainslope c. 462. Rosaceae Rubus sp. nov. PH Hp. Mountain clefts r. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 463. Rosaceae Spiraea canescensǤ D. Don SH NP. Mountain clefts r. 11. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 464. Rosaceae Sorbus lanata (D. Don) S. Schauer TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 12. Apiaceae Bupleurum nigrescens Nasir PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 465. Rosaceae Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 13. Apiaceae Conioselinum vaginatum(Spreng.) Thall. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 466. Rosaceae Acomastylis elata (Wall.ex G. Don) F. Bolle. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 14. Apiaceae Heracleum candicansWall.ex DC. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 467. Rosaceae Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f.) Lindl. ex Lacaita PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 15. Apiaceae Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 468. Rosaceae Potentilla argyrophylla var. atrosanguinea ( Lodd., G. Lodd. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 16. Apiaceae &Seseli W. Lodd.) libanotis (L.) W. Koch PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope r. 469.17. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaFerula assa doubjouneana-foetida L. Camb. PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainMountain clefts slope r. c. 470.18. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaLigusticum gerardiana elatum (Edgew.) Lindl. exC.B.Clarke Lehm. PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainMountain clefts slope r. c. 471.19. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaBupleurum kashmirica hamiltonii Hook. f. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slopeslope c. c. 472.20. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaChaerophyllum turczaninowiana reflexumvar. Stschegl. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c. c. ǤǤǤ

473. Rosaceae RubusLamond irritans Focke PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 474.21. RosaceaeApiaceae RubusAnethum saxatilis graveolens L. L. AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c. c. 475.22. RosaceaeApiaceae SibbaldiaCarum carvi purpurea Royle AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c. c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltoniiN.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 476. Rosaceae Cotoneaster microphyllaǤ Wall.ex Lindl. SH NP. Mountain slope c. 477.24. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaAngelica supinaarchangelica L. himalaica PHAH Hp.Tp. MoistMoist place place c. c. 478.25. RosaceaeApiaceae PotentillaBunium cylindricum bannehalensis (Boiss. Camb. & Hoh.) Drade AHPH Tp.Hp. MoistUndulate place slope c. c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 63 479. Rosaceae Cerasus prostrata (Labill.) Ser. SH NP. Undulate slope c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 64

Ǥ Ali Nooretal 490.11. RubiaceaeApiaceae AsperulaBupleurum oppositifolia longicaule subsp.Wall. ex pseudocynanchica D C. Ehrend. PH Cp.Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain mountain slope r.c. 491.12. RutaceaeApiaceae HaplophyllumBupleurum nigrescens gilesii (Hemsley) Nasir C.C. Townsend PH Cp.Hp. DryGrassy undulate mountain slope slope rr.c. 492.13. SalicaceaeApiaceae SalixConioselinum babylonica vaginatum L. (Spreng.) Thall. TRPH Ph.Hp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope at.c. 493.14. SalicaceaeApiaceae SalixHeracleum viminalis candicans L. Wall.ex DC. TRPH Ph.Hp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope c. 494.15. SalicaceaeApiaceae PopulusAegopodium nigra alpestre L. Ledeb. TRPH Ph.Hp. CultivatedGrassy mountain land slope r.c. 495.16. SalicaceaeApiaceae PopulusSeseli libanotis alba L. (L.) W. Koch TRPH Ph.Hp. DryGrassy road mountain side slope slope r. 496.17. SalicaceaeApiaceae SalixFerula karelinii assa-foetida Turcz.ex L. Stchegl. SHPH NP.Hp. SlopeMountain of mountain clefts rr.r. 497.18. SalicaceaeApiaceae SalixLigusticum iliensis elatum Regel (Edgew.) C.B.Clarke SHPH NP.Hp. UndulateMountain slope clefts at.r. 498.19. SalicaceaeApiaceae SalixBupleurum sericocarpa hamiltonii N. J. Anderesson TRPH Ph.Hp. UndulateGrassy mountain slope slope c. 499.20. SambucaceaeApiaceae SambucusChaerophyllum wightiana reflexum Wall.ex var. Weightacuminatum & Arn. (Lindl.) Hedge & PH Hp. MountainGrassy mountain foot slop slope r.c. ǤǤǤ 500. Saxifragaceae SaxifragaLamond hirculus subsp. alpina (Engl.) Á. Löve PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 501.21. SaxifragaceaeApiaceae SaxifragaAnethum graveolens hirculus var. L. hirculus PHAH Hp.Tp. SlopeGrassy of mountain grassy land slope c. 502.22. SaxifragaceaeApiaceae BergeniaCarum carvi stracheyi (Hook. f. & Thom.) Engl. PHAH Cp.Tp. MountainGrassy mountain clefts slope c. 503.23. SaxifragaceaeApiaceae BergeniaBupleurum ciliata hamiltonii (Haw.) N.P. Sternb. Balaker. PH Cp.Hp. MountainGrassy mountain slope slope c. Ǥ 504.24. SaxifragaceaeApiaceae SaxifragaAngelica archangelica komarovii Losinsk.himalaica PH Hp. MountainMoist place slope c. 25. Apiaceae Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade AH Tp. Moist place c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area

S. Life Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form 1. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridusL. subsp. hybridus AH Th. Cultivated land c. 505. Saxifragaceae Saxifraga moorcroftiana (Ser.) Wall.ex Sternb. PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 2. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexusL. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 506. Saxifragaceae Saxifraga stenophylla Royle PH Hp. Mountain slope c. 3. Anacardiaceae Pistacia khinjuk Stocks TR Ph. Mountain clefts r. 507. Saxifragaceae Saxifraga sibirica L. PH Hp. Sandy moist place at.

4. Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart TR Ph. Stony dry slope r. Assessment of Angiosperm Dicotsof Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 508. Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia densiflora Pennell AH Tp. Alpine meadow c. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 509. Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis bicornuta Klotzsch PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 5. Apiaceae Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 510. Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis elephantoides Benth. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 6. Apiaceae Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AH Tp. Cultivated land c. 511. Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis punctata Decne. PH Hp. Alpine slope c. 7. Apiaceae Chaerophyllum villosum Wall.ex DC. PH Hp. Cultivated grass land c. 512. Scrophulariaceae Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. PH Hp. Cultivated land r. 8. Apiaceae Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy hill slope r. 513. Scrophulariaceae Veronica campylopoda Boiss. AH Tp. Cultivated grass land c. 9. Apiaceae Angelica glauca PH Hp. Grassy mountainslope c. 514. Scrophulariaceae Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort PH Hp. Dry mountain slope c. 10. Apiaceae Bupleurum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 515. Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia scabiosifoliaǤ subsp. Stewartii (Penn.) M. PH Hp. Dry mountain slope c. 11. Apiaceae QaiserBupleurum & S. Khatoon longicaule Wall. ex D C. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 516.12. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae ScrophulariaBupleurum nigrescens nudata Pennell Nasir PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyDry slopemountain slope c. c. Conioselinum vaginatum(Spreng.) Thall. 517.13. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae Euphrasia omeri Qaiser &T. Siddiqui PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyGrassy mountain mountain slope slope c. c. 518.14. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae PedicularisHeracleum pyramidata candicansWall.ex Royle DC. PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountain mountain slope slope c. c. 519.15. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae ScrophulariaAegopodium jaferii alpestre Khatoon Ledeb. & Qaiser PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountain mountain slope slope c. c. 520.16. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae VeronicaSeseli libanotis leucothrix (L.) PennellW. Koch PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyGrassy mountain mountain slope slope r. c. 521.17. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae EuphrasiaFerula assa remota-foetida Pennell L. PHAH Hp.Tp. MountainGrassy mountainclefts sloper. c. 522.18. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae KickxiaLigusticum ramosissima elatum (Edgew.) (Wall.) JanchenC.B.Clarke PHPH Hp.Hp. MountainMountain clefts slope r. c. 523.19. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae PedicularisBupleurum cheilanthifolia hamiltonii var. albida (Pennell) Tsoong PHPH Hp.Hp. GrassyMountain mountain slopeslope c. c. 524.20. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae EuphrasiaChaerophyllum foliosa reflexum Pennellvar. acuminatum (Lindl.) Hedge & PHAH Hp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c. c. ǤǤǤ

525. Scrophulariaceae EuphrasiaLamond kashmiriana Pagslyey AH Tp. Mountain slope c. 526.21. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae VerbascumAnethum graveolens thapsus L. L. AHAH Tp.Tp. GrassyMountain mountain slope slope c. c. 527.22. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae VeronicaCarum carvi alpina L. AHPH Tp.Hp. GrassyMoist mountain place slope c. c. 23. Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltoniiN.P. Balaker. PH Hp. Grassy mountain slope c. 528. Scrophulariaceae Veronica persicaǤ Poir PH Hp. Moist place c. 529.24. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae VeronicaAngelica michauxii archangelica Lam. himalaica PHAH Hp.Tp. MoistRoad place side slope c. r. 530.25. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae VeronicaBunium cylindricumlanosa Royle (Boiss. ex Benth. & Hoh.) Drade AHPH Tp.Hp. MoistSandy place slope c. c.

Ǥ ȋȌǤ 65 531. Scrophulariaceae Veronica beccabunga L. AH Tp. Sandy slope c.

Table 1. Habit, Life-Form Classes, Habitat, and Status of Species in Study Area 66

S. Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-LifBiltistane Family Name Name of species Habit Habitat Status No. Form

1.532. ScrophulariaceaeAmaranthaceae EuphrasiaAmaranthus alii hybridus Qaiser & L.Siddiqui subsp. hybridus AHAH Tp. Th. UndulateCultivated slope land at. c. 2.533. ScrophulariaceaeAmaranthaceae PedicularisAmaranthus pycnantha retroflexus Boiss. L. PH AH Hp. Tp. UndulateCultivated slope land c. c. 3.534. ScrophulariaceaeAnacardiaceae ScrophulariaPistacia khinjuk omeri Stocks Khatoon & M. Qiser PH TR Hp. Ph. UndulateMountain slope clefts c. r. 4.535. ScrophulariaceaeAnacardiaceae LeptorhabdosPistacia chinensis parviflora Bunge (Benth.) subsp. Benth. integerrima (J. L. Stewart AHTR Tp. Ph. UndulateStony slope dry slope c. r. ex Brandis) Rech. f. 536. Scrophulariaceae Veronica biloba L. AH Tp. Undulate slope c. 5.537. ScrophulariaceaeApiaceae EuphrasiaAnthriscus petiolaris nemorosa Wettst. (M. Bieb.) Spreng. AHPH Tp. Hp. UndulateAlpine slope slope cc. c. 6.538. SolanaceaeApiaceae HyoscyamusBunium persicum niger L. (Boiss.) Fedtsch. AHAH Tp. Tp. Dry Cultivatedplace land r. c. 7.539. SolanaceaeApiaceae SolanumChaerophyllum virginianum villosum L. Wall.ex DC. PH PH Cp. Hp. Dry Cultivatedplace grass landrr. c. 8.540. SolanaceaeApiaceae DaturaBupleurum metel thomsonii L. C.B. Clarke PH PH Hp. Hp. Dry Grassysandy slope hill slope r. r. 9.541. SolanaceaeApiaceae PhysochlainaAngelica glauca praealta (Decne.) Miers PH PH Gp. Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain mountain sloper. c. 10.542. SolanaceaeApiaceae SolanumBupleurum americanum longicaule var. himalayense (Kl.) C.B. Clarke AHPH Tp. Hp. MurishyGrassy place mountain slopec. c. Ǥ Ali Nooretal 11.543. SolanaceaeApiaceae SolanumBupleurum nigrum longicaule L. var.nigrum Wall. ex D C. AHPH Tp. Hp. UndulateGrassy slope mountain slopec. c. Ǥ 12.544. TamaricaceaeApiaceae TamarixBupleurum arceuthoides nigrescens Bunge Nasir TR PH Ph. Hp. MoistGrassy place mountain sloper. c. 13.545. TamaricaceaeApiaceae MyricariaConioselinum prostrata vaginatum Hook. f.(Spreng.) Thoms. Thall. SH PH NP. Hp. MoistGrassy place mountain sloperr. c. 14.546. TamaricaceaeApiaceae MyricariaHeracleum bracteata candicans Royle Wall.ex DC. SH PH NP. Hp. StonyGrassy moist mountainplace sloperr. c. 15.547. ThymelaceaeApiaceae DaphneAegopodium mucronata alpestre Royle Ledeb. SH PH Cp. Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain mountain slopec. c. 16.548. UrticaceaeApiaceae UrticaSeseli dioicalibanotis L. (L.) W. Koch PH PH Hp. Hp. CultivatedGrassy land mountain slopecc. r. 17.549. UrticaceaeApiaceae ParietariaFerula assa judaica-foetida L. L. PH PH Hp. Hp. MarshyMountain place clefts r. r. 18.550. ValerianaceaeApiaceae ValerianaLigusticum pyrolifolia elatum (Edgew.) Decne. C.B.Clarke PH PH Hp. Hp. SlopeMountain of grassy clefts land c. r. 19.551. ValerianaceaeApiaceae ValerianaBupleurum jaeschkei hamiltonii C.B.Clarke PH PH Hp. Hp. SlopeGrassy of mountain mountain slopec. c. 20.552. ValerianaceaeApiaceae ValerianaChaerophyllum jaeschkei reflexum var. kaschmiriensis var. acuminatum (Grubov) (Lindl.) Y.Nasir Hedge & PH PH Hp. Hp. MoistGrassy place mountain slopec. c. ǤǤǤ 553. Valerianaceae ValerianaLamond clarkei Briq. PH Hp. Moist place r. 21.554. ViolaceaeApiaceae ViolaAnethum fedtschenkoana graveolens W. L. Becker PH AH Hp. Tp. CultivatedGrassy land mountain slopec. c. 22.555. ViolaceaeApiaceae ViolaCarum odorata carvi L. PH AH Hp. Tp. CultivatedGrassy land mountain slopec. c. 23.556. ViolaceaeApiaceae ViolaBupleurum biflora hamiltoniiL. N.P. Balaker. PH PH Hp. Hp. ShadyGrassy moist mountain place slopec. c. Ǥ 24.557. ZygophyllaceaeApiaceae FagoniaAngelica bruguieri archangelica var. bruguierihimalaica PH PH Hp. Hp. Dry Moistplace place r. c. 25.558. ZygophyllaceaeApiaceae PeganumBunium cylindricumharmala L. (Boiss. & Hoh.) Drade PH AH Hp.Tp. Dry Moistplace place r. c. Ǥ ȋȌǤ Assesment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan

400 369 350 ecies

p 300 s

o 250

er 200 b 127

m 150

N u 100 34 24 50 2 2 0

Habit wise distribution of species

Fig. 3. Habit-wise distribution of species in the study area.

350 330 300 Nummber of species 250 200 150 128 100 58.13 45 22.93 28 24 50 8.06 5 4.3 0 Hemicryptophytes Therophytes Chamaephytes Nanophanerophytes Phanerophytes

Life-form classes with number and age of species Assessment of Angiosperm Dicots of Astore Valley, Gilgit-Biltistan 67

Fig. 4. Comparison of Life-Form classes with number and percentage of species in the study area

No.species Parcentage 500 386 400

300

200 98 100 69.17 17.5 24 4.12 23 3.61 20 3.58 7 1.25 0 Common Rare Abundent Very Rare V.common Frequent The status of the species in the study area

Fig. 5. Comparison of the distribution status with number and percentage of plant species in Astore valley Fig. 5. Comparison of the distribution status with number and percentage of plant species in Astore valley to high elevated land, urbanization, and grazing the face of continually developing biotic stress. pressure. The overexploitation of roots is the most horrible factor in decreasing plant diversity. 4. CONCLUSION The second serious concern of depletion of plant wealth is the harvesting of plant parts before the Northern Pakistan, particularly the Astore Valley seed maturation, due to which the dispersal of seeds in the realm of vegetation, due to its topographic process and natural seed bank phenomenon are variation and geographical position. The Valley become declined, which ultimately leads to the fast is situated in a somewhat ecotonic zone, between reduction of valuable floral diversity. Therefore the the Western Irono-Toranion region and the Sino- study area needs precise consideration to conserve Japanese region. The study area is rich in floral the natural environment and development of natural diversity, providing host to many endemic and highly resources sustainably. medicinal valued plant species. Over explosion of medicinal plants in the area is a serious threat to Astore valley belongs to the Himalayan region, plant diversity. Affective conservation majors are in the last century, major structural changes have direly needed to protect against the irreversible loss been occurred, which causes in decrease about more of important plant species. Many plant species were than 50% potential of forest area [31]. Alteration collected first time from the study area, out of which in natural habitats and humiliation of natural many species are endemic to Pakistan and some vegetation indicates a decrease in several species are typically endemic to Astore Valley. Therefore a as well as in the genetic diversity of the population thorough study is further needed, to document the [32]. The importance of endemic and rare species complete plant diversity with distribution status in is not only for the regional and national level, but the Astore Valley. it is concerned from a global perspective. The vegetation, specifically medicinal important plants 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS are important natural resources that are facing threats to extinction, which are needs effective We are very thankful to all those who were helped us steps for conservation and sustainable management during the study period, particularly the people of to prevent extinction risk. In the present research Astore valley who were helped in plant collection, the work, the provided checklist of taxa may provide Chairperson of the Botany Department University of baseline information that could be helpful for Karachi, Chairperson of Biological Sciences Department ethnomedicinal studies, conservation strategies, Karakoram International University, who provided and planning for the protection of biodiversity in miscellaneous facilities in entire research work. 68 Ali Noor et al

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