October 2003 Volume 15 Number 8 Publisher’s Commentary 5 Racism is a cop’s life experience Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Earning trust – one person at a time 6 Canada Canada’s newest police service begins patrolling northwest Ontario Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 eMail: [email protected] Police saving lives with defibrillators 10 — Publisher — Call for 2003 Police Leadership Award 12 Morley S. Lymburner nominations eMail: [email protected] Attitude and creativity in situational leadership — General Manager — Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. Delta Police Department 14 eMail: [email protected] Excellence in policing — Editor — Mark Reesor Technology and crime 16 eMail: [email protected] Project Big Wheel reduces accidents 18 — News Editor — and crime Les Linder eMail: [email protected] CORRESPONDENCE 19 — Advertising — Mary Lymburner DEEP BLUE 20 Think your department has a large area to Dean Clarke Studying changes everything patrol? Canada’s newest police agency, The Bob Murray Treaty Three Police Service, is responsible for eMail: [email protected] INCREDIBLE 21 50,000 square miles! Headed by a former OPP — Pre-press Production — inspector with 30 years experience and an Del Wall CASE LAW 22 RCMP officer with 25 years to his credit, the • Warrantless public locker searches service’s first priority is to be a responsive, com- — Contributing Editors — unreasonable Communication Skills Terry Barker munity based agency that’s not only account- able but in touch with the people it serves. As Police Management James Clark NEWS CLIPS 23 Tactical Firearms Dave Brown Chief Brian Rupert notes, he was ordered to Technology Tom Rataj Police recognized for work with youth 24 “do it right or don’t do it at all — and so far I Psychology Dorothy Cotton think we’re doing it right.” Case Law Mike Novakowski Hells Angels run Bordeaux jail 26 Ottawa police officers have saved the lives Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by of two more heart attack victims using Auto- Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, Crisis Communications 101: Part 3 27 mated External Defibrillators (AED). All Ot- Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. An instructional tale tawa Police Service officers, civilian and vol- Individual magazines are $3.50 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 per year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) unteer staff are trained to use the easy to use The Predatory Script 28 All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue devices, which are carried in every car and Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the How children are seduced placed in every city owned facility. publisher prior to publshing. The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever The Police Leadership Forum has put out for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or Cultural program helps at-risk youth 30 the call for nominations for the 2003 Police adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in Leadership Award. All officers, regardless of this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented Pot suspects impersonate police 31 herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should rank, position or responsibilities, are eligible not be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. The Crime Prevention Academy 32 for the honour, which recognizes outstanding Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent leadership. publication designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills The simple idea that’s revolutionizing of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct crime prevention Veteran journalist Pierre Albert Sévigny control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not makes his debut this month as Blue Line’s Que- necessarily reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law enforcement agency. “I need a NEW shift pattern” 34 bec correspondent. In his first article, Sevigny ©2003 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any A cautionary tale looks at how the Hell’s Angels are running means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording Montreal’s Bordeaux Prison. or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission. PERSONAL COMPUTING 35 In other stories this month, Blue Line west Internet activity is monitored and use or reposting of material on Signs of an impending hard drive crash the Internet is restricted. coast correspondent Elvin Klassen looks at the Delta Police Department, which also empha- Web site helps nab counterfeiters 36 sizes the importance of strong leadership from all ranks; the Criminal Intelligence Service of TECHNOLOGY 37 This publication is a private venture and receives no Canada reviews how criminals have turned to subsidy or grant from any level of government. Powering down saves money increasingly sophisticated technology in a bid — Affiliations — PRODUCT NEWS 38 to stay one step ahead of law enforcement; Dr. International Association of Law Enforcement Planners Dorothy looks at the ‘measurement effect’ — Canadian Advertising Rates & Data COMING EVENTS 39 how studying the behaviour of an organization International Police Association changes the behaviour being looked at; case law The Police Leadership Forum The Canadian Press Newswire DISPATCHES 41 columnist Mike Novakowski has two cases where warrantless searches of bus depot lock- Printed in Canada by Janson Printing Service In the footsteps of heroes 44 ers were ruled to have violated the privacy rights ISSN #0847 8538 of the person using the locker and Danette Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail BACK OF THE BOOK 46 Dooley tells us how the Halifax Police Service Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 Are cops racist? is using its web site to help nab counterfeiters.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 3 OctoberJune 2003 2003 4 Racism is a cop’s life experience by Morley Lymburner more? To try to arrest only black people and think ist attitudes but the prickly tail ends are still just that every supervisor will not care? To then de- above ground level in many places. Canada does The problem with the accusation of racism cide you want to spend the next 30 years of your enjoy a level of racial tolerance that when placed is that it is a safe statement for the accuser and life dedicated to this kind of hate activity? Sorry in a global perspective is second to none in the a hot potato for the police. It’s like trying to it does not add up to anything logical. world. I could say we are envied for it but frankly answer a lawyer’s question while giving testi- The racist attitude is one that is self destruc- I don’t believe the majority of the world really mony; “Officer have you stopped beating your tive in police work. Police officers in this coun- cares. It is a value system that only we truly cher- prisoners after you arrest them?” If you an- try spend at least the first 18 to 21 years of their ish. We shouldn’t get too self satisfied by this swer “yes” it infers you have engaged in the lives being on the right side of society and the fact however. All police agencies should feel duty activity in the past. If you answer “no” it infers law. In my books they have the benefit of the bound to do all in their power to be accountable you are still beating them. doubt when it comes to a lot of criticisms in- if the race issue is ever raised in their commu- There is no doubt that it is not an easy life- cluding racist attitudes. nity. Police have experienced it and should be style to walk around every day with black skin. Canada has come a long way in burying rac- ready to defend against it on all levels. Given the history of blacks in North America there is no way they can really relax when con- fronted by a police officer. Discomfort levels are high even if the officer is of the same col- our or ethnic background. So how can it be any easier if you are of a different colour or ethnic background? All the reassurances in the world will never bring a black person to a state of complete comfort with a police officer who says they saw them committing a violation. For a police officer to comment that a black person was over-reacting is an indicator the officer really does not understand the life ex- periences of black people.It is completely il- logical that a person should have to design their entire lives around the fact that the first couple of layers of skin at birth will control their whole life’s outcome. But for North American blacks this is the reality they must live with. It may not have been articulated before but police officers have a hint of this human plight. When each officer chose this profession they changed colour to blue. It may not be as obvi- ous as skin colour and the officer has a degree of advantage by taking a break from their col- our when they go home or on vacation. But their social life changes dramatically when they turn blue. Old school chums drift away and when they do meet there is a distance maintained that did not exist before. People make pre-judg- ments on how they will react in certain situa- tions and purposefully avoid them. In many cases grudging acceptance into certain social circles is tolerated but not preferred. No. Police discrimination is not the same as the black experience. In most instances it is not even close. But every officer experiences a small hint of discrimination in their own lives. But these old nut questions keep coming up. “Do any officers in your department discrimi- nate?” “Are there any officers who are racist?” On an individual, officer by officer basis these are questions that can never be answered. There is no magical mechanism to read the minds of criminals let alone police officers. So we come down to answering the ques- tion in shear logical terms. There is no other pro- fession than policing where a racist can be dis- covered more quickly. There is no other profes- sion than policing where a racist could become more cripplingly frustrated and quickly burned out. By the nature of the work they must do they could not survive long with racist attitudes. Just think about it. You are a person who passion- ately hates black people and you want to be a police officer. Why? To torture your life even

OctoberJune 2003 2003 5 EarningEarning trusttrust ——— oneoneone personpersonperson atat aaa timetimetime

(C)

Canada’s newest police service begins patrolling northwest Ontario

by Mark Reesor

Canada’s newest police service will be responsi- ble for enforcing the law in 23 Anishinaabe com- munities scattered across 55,000 square miles of Northwestern Ontario. The Treaty Three Police Service, which has 30 veteran officers who patched over from the Ontario Provincial Po- lice (OPP) and 14 new recruits, officially be- gan April 1 and is gradually taking over respon- sibility for the area and its approximately 20,000 people from the OPP. Chief Brian Rupert, who’s also known as the ‘Operational Technical Supervisor - Polic- ing’ or the ‘Director of Policing,’ depending on whom you ask, says the new force has been in the works for about ten years, but there wasn’t Rupert worked out of the basement of his the key’ operation. There’s a transition involved the political will to move ahead until 1999. house for the first six months laying the ground- and that’s what we’re into right now. We’re Treaty Three chiefs advertised for some- work for the new service, which he says will slowly taking over areas and responsibilities one to organize the department in 2000 and the take about 18 months to reach its full opera- that the OPP did.” timing was perfect. Rupert had just retired from tional status, when its ranks will increase to 55 The service currently is headquartered in 30 years with the Ontario Provincial Police, officers. Rupert is looking to eventually boost Kenora but looks forward to moving into two where he rose to the rank of inspector/regional that to 68. state of the art police facilities. The general manager. “When a police service starts, it’s not a ‘turn headquarters will be attached to the station in

OctoberJune 2003 2003 6 Dalles First Nation (just northwest of Kenora), with another station at Couchiching First Na- tion (adjacent to Fort Frances). The buildings, which will have price tags of more than $1.5 million each, will be built by the respective communities and leased to the service. The new stand alone, regional concept serv- ice differs from other First Nations police serv- ices, which dedicate officers to a specific com- munity. It’s funded 52 per cent by the federal government and 48 per cent by the province and will be exclusive to the communities it serves, rather than being faced with other com- mitments and demands like the OPP. Rupert is confident that the “unique policing, different from the cookie cutter, stereotypical approach” prescribed by the government, will have a posi- tive impact on communities within two years. Saying you have ‘X’ number of people, therefore you will have ‘X’ number of officers may work in some communities, he says, “but when you look at the unique needs of rural po- licing, one officer may be great for 1,000 peo- ple but in another area five officers are required for a thousand people.” The remoteness of the communities, distances between them, street gang activity, solvent abuse and violent crime are all factors that have to be considered in allocating officers, he says. It’s also not just a matter of the long arm of the law — members are very keen at interact- ing and getting to know community members, he says. “One of our favourite adages is ‘we want the kids to run to the car, not from the car;’ that’s exactly what they’re doing right now and we’ve got to change that. Twenty five per cent of our population on the reservations right now are ages six to 18 and that’s our future — our fu- ture leaders and the future of our communities — and we have to take care of them now for the future.” Officers are encouraged to get out of their vehicles and talk to people in the community. Rupert recalls an aboriginal adage that a po- liceman is a man with no legs — “and the rea- son why they say that is because he never gets out of the car. They just drive through, pick up somebody and away they go.” The situation has become a little better re- cently but there needs to be “a lot more im- provement,” he says. Treaty Three officers have a “sense and knowledge of the traditions and culture in our communities,” he says. About 85 per cent are Aboriginal and the majority come from the Treaty Three area; Rupert stresses they’re all fully quali- fied, trained law enforcement officers. “We were extremely pleased at that but we recruit from all over and we want the best po- lice officers for our area. We will not lower standards.” Treaty Three Chiefs mandated that all of- ficers have an Ontario police diploma, at least a grade 12 education, drivers license and no criminal record. “The standards are there and we’re meeting them,” he says. “I was given spe- cific instructions — do it right or don’t do it at all, and so far I think we’re doing it right.” Rupert spent much of his career in north- western Ontario; he left the military for the OPP and his first post was as a constable in the

OctoberJune 2003 2003 7 OctoberJune 2003 2003 8 Dryden-Vermillion Bay detachment in 1970. He was pro- moted to corporal in 1979 and moved to To- ronto but returned to the north as a sergeant and unit commander in Kenora in 1986. He be- came an inspector and coordinator of First Nations Northern po- licing for the OPP in Chief Brian Rupert 1989 and retired, briefly, in 1999. Rupert wants his officers to be “responsi- ble, sensitive and meet the needs of the com- munities... each is unique and we have to iden- tify with that.” Officers will work to educate residents, something he says hasn’t been done in the past, and will customize things for a par- ticular community, “within the Aboriginal, tra- ditional and cultural way.” They will also place a high priority on get- ting to know residents and making sure residents know and feel comfortable with them, he says. “I’ve been around policing for over 35 years December. Officers policing the communities used to and there was a time when you were the town be overtaxed, he notes, “and when you’re go- cop. Over the last several years they’ve been He was impressed with the way community- based policing, restorative justice and commu- ing from call to call and place to place, you using this term ‘community policing’ and that’s don’t have time to be active in the community, a new way of saying something old,” Rupert nity consultive groups worked in the Yukon and would like to adapt them to the Treaty Three area. play a little ball with the kids and drop in to says. “It’s not rocket science, it’s very simple visit elders.” and it’s the way it’s been done in policing for a He encourages all officers to work with the The elders have a “wealth of wisdom and long time — it just stopped being done.” communities they police and listen closely to what have seen what has happened over the years,” Rupert wants Treaty Three officers to be residents have to say to keep on top of problems. he says. “We have to look after the elderly and seen by the community not only as role models “If we have a patrol on until two in the we have to look after the youth.” but as people residents, especially youth, can go morning and everything happens between three People in some communities are still afraid to for help for anything. and four (for example), obviously we’re doing to go from one place to another because of vio- “We’re going to encourage them to take that something wrong” he says. Each community lence, MacLeod says, “and we hope to correct gun belt off and put it in the trunk (and) get out will have a contact person who can call one of that by making police more visible as protectors.” and meet these kids in their own environment the deputies or the chief with their concerns, or He says Treaty Three’s regional model al- (while on duty), whether it be hockey, base- those of their neighbours, to keep leadership lows officers to get to know different com- ball, social activities or just sitting around... I current and allow them to deal with situations munities and will make transfers and promo- would like to think that in the trunk there’s go- before they get worse, he notes. tions easier. ing to be a bag full of baseballs and bats and Officers can learn a lot about a community by spending time with residents in a relaxed they’ll be a coach; they’ll take their gun belt Brian Rupert can be reached at [email protected] and off because you’re not going to be running situation, MacLeod says, adding “we don’t Wally MacLeod at [email protected]. The Treaty around with a gun.” mind if they take some time out in the evening, Three Police Service’s general headquarters are currently Their first challenge is earning people’s go 10-7 at the local hockey arena and lace up at 100 Park Street – 2nd Floor, P.O. Box 1480, Kenora, trust and showing the community that they have their skates.” Ontario P9N 3X7. Phone: 807-468-4079; Fax: 807-468-3709. integrity and that takes time, he says. Rupert’s expectations for senior management, including himself, is also high. He says they’re responsi- ble for not only what they do but for what they don’t do. That may sound light, he says, but it’s very important, because “if you know that some- thing’s happening but you don’t do anything COVERT CUFF KEY about it, you’re liable. It’s a key element to This easy-to-conceal cuff key stands as a powerful reminder of the importance of thorough and detailed searching. Although manufactured by at least one make sure that your police service can stand company for restricted use by officers in the event they are ever taken hostage the test of public scrutiny and the test of civil and cuffed, Officer Fred Megill with Eatontown (NJ) PD reports that at least one courts.” You have to be prepared for that, he of these keys was manufactured by a unnamed civilian at a plastics warehouse. says, noting other police services have fallen Fred also informed us that an officer in his area recently found a cuff key like by the wayside because they weren’t ready to this laying in a parking lot. meet that challenge. Treaty Three Police Service Deputy Chief Designed specifically for effective concealment these keys, which are suspended in a quarter-sized plastic Wally MacLeod was with the RCMP for 25 ring, can be easily hidden under watches, attached to the underside of belts, secreted in shoes, taped years, working in Manitoba in the 1970s, On- inside pants waistbands and ballcap rims, even clipped to the inside of shirt buttons. Wherever you could tario in the 80s before being transferred to the hide a quarter you could hide one of these. The fully functional cuff key can be quickly snapped out of its Yukon. He retired in 1998 and joined the supportive plastic ring and used to unlock cuffs. Anishinaabe Police as a division commander working out of Sioux Lookout, looking after Keep this covert cuff key in mind whenever you search a suspect. Be sure to check "inside and under" and an area formerly policed by the Northwest Pa- if you find one of these keys, KEEP LOOKING...there are likely more on your suspect. trol before signing on with Treaty Three last

OctoberJune 2003 2003 9 Ottawa Police save lives with defibrillators by Mark Reesor O’Carroll did the compressions and Saving the life of Davison did the breaths until paramedics an elderly man arrived and began treatment. O’Carroll who had just had was still doing compressions when he a heart attack was felt the man’s heart begin to beat again. the high point of He was taken to hospital, where he re- his 37 year law gained consciousness. enforcement ca- The man, Marcel Sauve, was able reer, a veteran Ot- to squeeze O’Carroll’s hand when he tawa Police Service went to visit two days later but was still (OPS) officer says. pretty weak; several days later he was Sgt. Sean O’Carroll was one of two sitting in a chair, surrounded by his Ottawa police officers who saved lives wife, daughter and son and able to joke recently, using portable Automatic Ex- and talk normally. ternal Defibrillators (AED) to literally “The family was ecstatic that he shock heart attack victims back to life. was still alive,” he says. “Marcel shook About 700 front line officers, civil- my hand and thanked me for saving his ian and volunteer members at the serv- life; it was the best feeling I’ve had in ice have been trained to use the devices, 37 years of police service... that’s the which are simple to operate. They have high point of my career, to save a life. access to nearly 160 of them, since the It’s a marvellous feeling and when I got units have been put in all marked cruis- home, I was ecstatic.” ers, tactical units, police and community Someone asked him later if he re- stations, cell blocks, marine patrol units ceived any awards, O’Carroll recalls, and the courthouse. The fire department “and I said no, but the biggest award also has them. you can get is knowing that you actu- Ottawa EMS is the lead agency for ally saved a life.” the program, which began in June 2001 Doctors said Sauve would have and is the largest in Canada and perhaps died without his intervention; one nurse North America. Officers respond to ap- told his wife that his guardian angel proximately 3,000 possible defibrillator must have been looking out for him, calls each year, the service says. prompting Sauve to present O’Carroll O’Carroll was attending a dance at a with a guardian angel pin. local community centre when he heard a Although it was the first time using commotion and noticed a number of danc- a defibrillator in a crisis situation, ers had dropped to the floor. He immedi- O’Carroll said he had no trouble and it ately went over and discovered an elderly was very simple to use. He urges other man had collapsed while dancing. Photo: Michael Houston, police services to get them, adding “it’s “I shouted to the crowd of onlook- Ottawa Police Service just a pity that there’s not more of them ers for someone to call 9-1-1 and tell out there. They’re about $5,000 and that’s them we had a heart attack patient,” he Sgt. Sean O’Carrol and Marcel Sauve very cheap when compared to a life.” says and, with the help of former nurse Cst. Alex Kay was waiting at a traf- Mary Davison, examined the man, whose “I put the paddles on his chest — one on fic light when he saw a truck roll through the breathing was becoming laboured and pulse the centre and one on his left side, turned it on intersection and hit the medium. The driver was weakening. Knowing that all Ottawa city fa- and it registered ‘no pulse, shock advised.’” He unconscious and slumped over the steering cilities are equipped with defibrillators, he yelled for everyone to stand clear and pushed wheel. Kay checked for vital signs — there were shouted to the custodian to run and get it, later the button. The victim, who was lying on his none, pulled him out of the cab and started CPR. finding out that although the custodian knew back, jerked, his body rose off the floor but he He asked a bystander to take over while he where the device was, he didn’t know how to still registered no pulse. The device advised him went to get the defibrillator from his trunk, operate it. to shock again and to then start CPR. shocked him and did CPR until emergency crews arrived. Although the victim was still VSA — he was shocked again at the hospital — he survived and is now back at work. “It was a good experience and it was nice to be able to be there right at that time,” Kay says. It was the first time he had used a defi- brillator on a patient and he says it was very straight forward. “You just follow what the machine says — it basically walks you right through it — it was easy to use and very user friendly. You just have to turn it on and follow what it says.” Ottawa officers receive an initial four hour training course and re-qualify yearly (two hours); there’s also a one hour refresher course every six months. Training is mandatory and done during regular training days. The program

OctoberJune 2003 2003 10 is overseen by a medical director. New police car fire There is no known legal action (civilly or criminally) that can be taken against defibrilla- suppression technology tor capable responders, the service says, add- ing that the only lawsuits involve plaintiffs claiming a defibrillator was missing, which is becoming a serious risk management issue. For more on the OPS defibrillator program, contact program manager Cst. Rick Giroux at [email protected] or 613-236-1222, x5955. Ford Motor Co. says it will offer fire-sup- pression technology on Crown Victoria police Heart facts cars, which have been linked to deaths in rear- end collisions that caused fuel-tank explosions. • The Canadian Heart and Stroke Founda- Police cars already on the road cannot be tion estimates that between 50,000 and retrofitted because the system uses advanced 60,000 Canadians die annually from Sud- electronics and onboard sensors that must be den Cardiac Arrest (SCA) every year integrated into a new computer system, Ford • SCAs can happen to anyone, regardless of said in August. About 85 per cent of North age, sex, cardiac risk factors or overall American police departments use the Crown health; everyone is at risk Victoria Police Interceptor, assembled with • According to the latest statistics, 64 per other full-size Ford sedans in St. Thomas, Ont. cent of SCAs occur at home, 11 per cent The optional system deploys under certain on the roadway, nine per cent in public conditions, like an air bag. Since 1983, 14 offic- places and three per cent at work ers have been killed when Crown Vic gas tanks • SCAs can be reversed with a simple pro- were hit from behind and erupted in flames. cedure called defibrillation, which must be Critics say the behind-the-axle design of the done within 10 minutes of the occurrence tanks, which wraps around the axle and is punc- (collapse). It’s extremely unlikely that the tured by bolts when struck, makes them vul- lethal cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart nerable. Police associations and some politi- beat) can be reversed after this period of cians have complained about the cars safety time. record and they’ve been the subject of a US federal investigation and numerous lawsuits. • Every minute that goes by without defi- Ford denies the cars are dangerous but did ret- brillation results in a 10 per cent decreased rofit them with plastic shields to protect the chance that it will be successfully reversed tanks about a year ago. Ford insisted it didn’t • EMS often takes eight to 10 minutes to ar- introduce the technology because of the law- rive, too late for many SCA victims suits or design defects. • The four major links to SCA survival are “We’re doing this to make our vehicles safe early access (911), early CPR, early defi- and everything we can to make them even brillation and early definitive care safer,” Ford spokesman Brenda Hines said. (paramedics). CPR improves the victim’s Ford also offers trunk packs intended to chances of surviving until they can be de- hold sharp objects to protect the fuel tank from fibrillated. Rapid defibrillation saves lives, puncture. The City of Dallas says they may CPR merely prolongs it. increase the amount of fuel leakage during some accidents. Ford denies the claim.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 11 Call for 2003 Police Leadership Award nominations Attitude and creativity in situational leadership Each day, Canadian police their consideration.The 2003 award presenta- 8. Evaluation and results — for example: and their community part- tion will be made in the spring of 2004. •Builds evaluation into initiative or organi- ners help to protect and zation; ensure the safety and Eligibility criteria: The award is open to •Effectively analyzes and evaluates tech- security of people and members of police organizations and commu- niques to move the initiative or organization their property. nity partners. Equal consideration will be given forward; Some tasks are re- to all ranks and positions. •Meets goals; petitive, mundane and bor- • Nominees must have demonstrated strong •Effectively uses evaluation and results to im- ing; others are interesting, situational leadership and be nominated by prove the initiative and organization over the creative and rewarding. at least five people; long term. Like any worthwhile endeavour, commu- • Police services, community agencies and in- A nominee must demonstrate situational nity involvement is often challenging but can dividuals may nominate more than one person; leadership competencies in at least five of the sometimes be frustrating and most partnerships • Nominations from previous years may be re- above eight award criteria to be considered. require integrity, commitment, persistence, submitted; courage and risk. • Winners can not be nominated again for three Application requirements: One opportunity open to everyone is the years. 1.Nominee’s particulars, supporters and resume challenge of leadership. People who contrib- (NOT curriculum vitae; no more than two ute to maintaining peace and good order often Award criteria: The award may be con- pages). experience success, but it’s usually the vision ferred upon a member of a police service or a 2.Synopsis — summarize significance of the and persistence of one person that creates the community leader who initiated a specific ini- nominee’s initiative or contribution to polic- energy and momentum to meet new challenges tiative or strategic endeavor of note. It recog- ing (no more than 500 words). and generate future possibilities. This calls for nizes leaders who: 3.Detailed, point-by-point description of nomi- situational leadership in action. 1. Develop and enunciate visions - for example: nee’s initiative or contribution as it relates to The Police Leadership Forum (PLF) is • Shows a personal sense of the general di- the award criteria. founded on the principle that leadership is an rection of the initiative or organization; 4.Abstracts, including scanned newspaper clip- activity, not a position. Regardless of rank, po- • Engages team members in developing a pings, letters of support, etc. sition or responsibilities, situational (rather than common understanding of the direction of 5.Photograph. positional) leadership is required from all po- the initiative or organization; 6.List of media for your area, including con- lice and community partners. This involves cre- • Establishes the process and gather input tact person and phone/fax number and e-mail ating pride, motivating and supporting people from key stakeholders; 7. Other notes. to perform in an exemplary manner to achieve • Develops a picture of the future state and Nominations, in Word format (paper not accept- uncommon results. communicate it effectively and consistently. able), must be e-mailed to award coordinator Officers have traditionally been recognized 2. Identifies, leverages and creates local/glo- S/S Peter Lennox, Leadership Award Coordi- for heroic acts and public service, but in to- bal trends or help create new initiatives. nator, at [email protected] no day’s changing global environment, visionar- 3. Develops successful differentiation strategies later than October 30, 2003. If the files are too ies should also be honoured as ethical role mod- — for example: large to e-mail, send seven copies on CDs (one els and agents of positive change. •Nominee has an intuitive sense about how for each judge) to: the initiative or organization can be unique; S/S Peter Lennox, Motto: Attitude and creativity in situational •Engages all stakeholders to identify and dis- Community Liaison Unit, leadership. cuss strategies; Toronto Police Service, •Finds ways to build necessary relationships 40 College Street, 6th Floor, Mission: The PLF Leadership Award was to enhance differentiation; Toronto, ON M5G 2J3 established to recognize and encourage a stand- •Ensures partnerships are future-focused. 8. Previous winning nominations ard of excellence that exemplifies leadership 4. Attains buy-in by key people to new direc- Previous successful nominations can be as an activity and pride in serving the public. tions — for example: reviewed — contact Lennox at •Tells everyone affected about new directions; [email protected] or Fundamental purpose: To increase the ef- •Leads team through discussion and research 416-808-7876. fectiveness, influence and quality of police to identify key new themes and goals that situational leadership from an organizational everyone can accept and use in their efforts; Selection: and community perspective. •Consults key people in setting and writing The board selects the winner by majority vote directions in areas that relate to their roles. and reserves the right to: Goals: 5. Identifies and addresses community needs • Veto the nomination of a person that does not • To foster awareness and understanding of through specific initiatives — for example: subscribe to or demonstrate the mission, vi- changing leadership roles in policing; •Demonstrates strong accountability to the sion or values of the PLF • To recognize ethical and exemplary perform- community and elected officials; • Conduct background checks to verify the ac- ance in policing practice; •Achieves measurable success by reducing ceptability of a nominee • To share and promote situational leadership specific crime, disorder or community safety • Not bestow the award if necessary development and innovation in police organi- problems. zations. 6. Ethics, trust and integrity — for example: Award presentation: •Lives by the highest ethical standards and The recipient and a spouse or partner are Judging: An independent panel of police sets them for the initiative or organization; invited to attend an event held during the Blue practitioners, academics and community/busi- •Demonstrates trust and integrity; Line Trade Show, compliments of Blue Line. ness leaders from across Canada will review •Acts as an ethical role model for positive The recipient may also be invited to address nominations and make recommendations to the change. participants at the event. PLF board of directors. 7. Continuous learning — for example: •Creates and maintains a learning environment; Anticipated timelines: Nominations: The PLF solicits nomina- •Enhances the performance of police and com- October 30, 2003: Deadline for nominations. tions annually and the board may nominate ad- munity partners by sharing best practices; November 30, 2003: Recipient identified. ditional candidates. Nominees may be asked to •Promotes benchmarking and cross training December 15, 2003: Award recipient announced. verify the accuracy of information supporting with other professionals and organizations. April 28, 2004: Award will be presented.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 12 An honour guard takes the field before the Sarnia Police Association Warthogs trounced the St. Clair County, Michigan Police All Stars 34-7. The match raised $4500 for charity. A rematch is planned for next year in Michigan.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 13 by Elvin Klassen One of the oldest police forces in British Columbia is working hard to also be known as one of the best. Delta Police Department (DPD), estab- lished in 1888, makes that goal clear with the ‘Excellence in Policing’ motto it puts on all police vehicles and its vision statement — “Delta – a safer and better community through excellence in policing.” With a population of 100,000 people, Delta is a municipal government serving the commu- nities of Ladner, North Delta and Tsawwassen, located in the southwestern corner of the BC mainland. It borders on Washington State, Geor- gia Strait and the Fraser River and residents boast that the three communities are as rich and alive as the name ‘delta’ implies: rich in soil and wa- ter, history and industry and, especially, people. Chief Constable Jim Cessford The mission of the DPD, which has 144 officers and 31 support staff, is “to deliver ex- his staff that “if you expect me to be the only vided Delta into 36 areas and appointed an of- cellence in policing through community part- leader, then we are in trouble. None of us is as ficer as ‘chief’ of each. nership. All efforts will be directed towards smart as all of us.” “These ‘area owners’ are expected to know maintaining order, promoting safety and reduc- Police alone cannot maintain peace and their particular neighbourhood very well,” ing crime and its impact.” order in the community, he emphasized, and Cessford says. “They should be recognized as Chief Constable Jim Cessford, who came need to connect with the community and es- part of the community even though they do not to Delta in 1995 from Edmonton, humbly told tablish ownership. To accomplish this, he di- live there. They should be aware of problems and concerns in their area and be a catalyst to getting things done. Here is an opportunity to make a real impact by both reducing crime and improving the quality of life for the people liv- ing or working in that neighbourhood.” Cessford insists that no call is too small. “Problem solving is the cornerstone to all po- licing. Rather than suppress calls for service, the problems must be eliminated. We look for reasons why things are happening. When go- ing to a traffic accident, the officers must as- sess the situation to try and make sure this type of accident does not happen again... “We developed a strategic plan and estab- lished a vision,” explains the chief constable, with the main focus on restructuring, decen- tralization, problem solving, ownership and technology. In 1995 all officers worked out of a main building in Ladner, with some having to drive from as far away as North Delta, 20 kilometres away. A new building was con- structed in North Delta, providing improved visibility and greater efficiency. Laptop computers were installed and offic- ers are now looking forward to connecting with PRIME, the new communication data base that will connect all BC police services. Every area of the DPD is represented when a strategic plan is developed. Some 35 to 40 people, about a third of the staff, attend meet- ings, including officers, mechanics, janitors, management, volunteers and office staff. The process can take several days, during which internal and external issues are discussed. The staff subscribes to the notion that lead- ership is an activity, not a position. There is an expectation that all must be leaders and lead in their own sphere of influence. The reception-

OctoberJune 2003 2003 14 managing people, leadership, communica- professionalism, human dignity, diversity and tions and occupational ethics and profession- ethical and moral behaviour, which are part of alism in a learning organization, are being day-to-day behaviour, says Cessford. taught this year and another series is planned “This is who we are, what we believe in for 2004. Staff is required to spend 16 to 17 and what we stand for. Every decision is either hours in the classroom and study at home for legal, moral or ethical and everyone knows what at least 24 hours on their own time to com- the parameters are,” he says. plete this year’s courses. “‘Excellence in Policing’ is not bragging ist, chief and patrol officer’s spheres of influ- Cessford says he developed his leadership about what we have done but a goal toward ence are different but all must lead. style from reading books, taking courses and which we strive. We have established a part- Ethics and professionalism, communica- checking what business and private industry is nership that has discouraged criminal activity tion, decision making, team building, personal doing. “I developed a personal vision for my- and maintained peace and order. That is mak- & professional self-development and visioning self and then got outstanding people to brain- ing Delta a better place in which to live.” became the six attributes central to everything storm and share ideas. There is always resist- that is done. These were defined into observ- ance but it became part of how we do business Contact Drinovz at [email protected] or 604 in Delta. The staff takes the courses on their 946-441 for more information. able behaviours and steps were developed to Elvin Klassen is Blue Line Magazine’s West Coast implement these attributes. They have become own time and participation is excellent.” Correspondent and can be reached by eMail at central to all that is done with the leadership The core values of the DPD are integrity, [email protected] . model that was developed. Some 20 public and private organizations were asked to critique the ideas, which were very favourably received, Supt. Rich Drinovz says. “We picked up additional knowledge from these institutions. When we came back, we had a solid leadership matrix.” They then designed six introductory level courses based on the six attributes — personal and professional development, every person a leader, managing people, essential administra- tive skills and effective supervision and ethics. Job descriptions and performance apprais- als were designed around these attributes, Drinovz says, and promotion and hiring also built on them. “This has become a leadership culture,” he says. “There is grassroots owner- ship and pride of ownership.” The next level courses, which include

OctoberJune 2003 2003 15 Technology is key to modern crime In today’s wired world, there are very few the second year share counter- aspects of our lives not guided by technology. in a row, illus- feit materials Organized crime (OC) recognizes the signifi- trates that efforts and data from cance of this influence and the vast economic to deter and in- collusive mer- potential of exploiting it. vestigate fraud chants and di- OC groups, already well known for us- continues to vert the pro- ing sophisticated technology to counterfeit have a notable ceeds into drug currency, credit cards and various fraudulent impact. Debit trafficking. investment and telemarketing schemes, are card fraud losses A signifi- increasingly turning to cyberspace, attracted are not reported cant counterfeit by its anonymity and global reach. System by the debit card credit card op- intrusions, theft of data, identity and intel- industry. eration based in lectual property and distribution of viruses, Credit card Québec was hoaxes and worms are becoming more fre- fraud is interna- closed in May, quent. While these offences are sometimes tional in scope 2002. Police ar- new types of crimes, they are generally theft, and ongoing in- rested two of the fraud or extortion done in new ways using vestigations alleged key fig- new technology. show that sophisticated organized criminals in ures and seized more than 30,000 phony cards Over a relatively short time frame, police Canada continue to operate and profit at both attributed to over 70 financial institutions have witnessed an exponential expansion in both the national and international levels. In 2001, around the world; the cards had spending lim- the scope and depth of organized crime’s ability 36 per cent of Canadian Visa and MasterCard its of up to $150,000. The organization also pro- to use technology in furthering their criminal fraud occurred outside of the country. Forged duced fraudulent identification papers. activities. Groups employ individuals with com- Canadian card numbers have been used puter expertise to commit crimes and use the throughout North and South America, Europe Organized crime and hackers Internet and encryption software to communi- and the Asia Pacific region. Foreign authori- Historically, hackers evolved from an elite cate. With the seemingly limitless resources of ties have seized card manufacturing factories group of programmers who legitimately tested the more sophisticated groups, it appears cost is in China, Japan and the US which were directly systems in search of software flaws or network no object in attaining or developing leading-edge related to investigations in Canada. vulnerabilities and shared their findings and technology used in crimes or counter-surveil- Many Canadian criminal groups are in- source code with like minded individuals. In- lance against rivals or law enforcement. volved in compromising payment card data dividuals prided themselves in their ability to and manufacturing, distributing and using discover programming deficiencies and create Payment card fraud forged credit cards and the proceeds continue improvements. Computer systems were large, The Payment Card Partners (PCP), which to support other criminal activities such as cumbersome and housed in large storage areas represent the collective interests of Visa, drug trafficking. and the Internet was still in its infancy. MasterCard and American Express in Canada, A joint forces operation in British Colum- As systems evolved and developers became reported a 2001 loss of $182.7 million, $10 bia in early 2001 closed sophisticated counter- increasingly sophisticated and competed for million more than the previous year. This is at- feit card factories; investigators estimated one market share, new types of hackers emerged tributed to a rise in the fraudulent use of credit factory alone contained enough material to pro- and proliferated — white hats (system security cards and an increase in fraudulent applications. duce over $200 million dollars worth of fraudu- specialists), black hats (destructive attackers) Forged activity accounted for $66.3 mil- lent credit cards. This long term investigation and grey hats (somewhere in between). There lion of all credit card losses in 2001, compared revealed extensive networking, including sev- are also ‘script kiddies,’ who use readily avail- with $81.1 million in 2000. This decrease, for eral international links and how OC groups able malicious software on the Internet to launch cyber attacks. Some hackers are driven by curiosity, the desire for peer recognition or political motivations and use their skills for activism, while others claim they’re trying to enhance security. Power, profit, revenge and other acts of malicious intent are other factors. Hackers crack system passwords, breach se- curity, distribute viruses, deface web sites and engage in denial of service attacks. Illegal hack- ing activity in Canada is widely reported by law enforcement and continues to increase annually. Some groups have become increasingly organ- ized and sophisticated in their attacks and it’s pos- sible they will attempt to recruit hackers to assist them in furthering their criminal activities.

Identity theft Reported instances of identity theft — the unauthorized collection and use of personal in- formation — are on the rise in Canada. Past methods — pilfering through garbage, theft of mail or impersonation over the phone — have been joined by technological techniques such as credit card skimming and computer hacking to gain illegal access to sufficient information

OctoberJune 2003 2003 16 to assume another’s identity. So far, there have been no reported instances of organized crime Police chaplain receives international recognition involvement in this criminal activity in Canada. Theft of personal information can be used by Chris Adams the badge and is always to obtain new credit, identification or services. there, whether it be a wed- In many cases, the criminal assumes the vic- Mention the name Rev- ding, funeral, baptism or tim’s identity to take advantage of their estab- erend Michael Dunnill moment of crisis. Perhaps lished credit rating — they’re often unaware of C.M.C. to Thunder Bay po- his strength comes from the theft until they try to obtain new credit or lice officers and you may his own success in battling are contacted by collection agencies. This type get the odd nod of recogni- cancer, a fight he contin- of crime is devastating to the victim, who is tion — but say ‘Father ues to this day. faced with trying to re-establish their rightful Mike’ and watch the smiles; Father Mike has taken identity and credit rating. they all know who you’re the Shield a Badge With As society becomes increasingly depend- talking about. Prayer program, which ent on the Internet and uses it for day to day The popular chaplain of was started in Arlington, routine activities, more information is made the Thunder Bay Police Serv- Texas, to a new level on the available for exploitation. Computer users ice (TBPS) was given the shores of Lake Superior. should be aware of the potential for identity Order of Merit by the Inter- The idea is to get people theft and should be careful of the personal in- national Conference of Po- to pray for officers who formation they disclose while on-line. lice Chaplains (ICPC) at their serve their communities annual meeting in Spokane, and his ‘Prayer Shield’ Jurisdictional issues Washington in July. calls upon volunteer mem- A major challenge facing technology crime An active member of the conference since bers of various local churches to pray for in- investigators is the issue of jurisdiction, since 1989 and one of only three Canadians to serve dividual Thunder Bay police officers on a they’re required to maintain an evidentiary trail as president, the award recognizes his dedi- daily basis. that often crosses international boundaries. In- cation and devotion to the role of police chap- Perhaps the highest praise comes from the ternationally, the Council of Europe took a lead lain. He has devoted a great deal of time and officers he serves with. role in addressing this issue. Member countries, effort to the conference, which plays a key “Father Mike works very hard at under- Canada, the US, Japan and South Africa helped role in developing and educating the ‘blue standing the feelings,” Sgt. William Quarrell draft the Convention on Cyber-Crime. collar’ members of law enforcement. says. “Not everyone outside the organization The purpose of this treaty is to establish a ICPC President Dan Nolta describes Fa- understands what we go through.” common international criminal policy against ther Mike, who became the TBPS Chaplain Father Mike does. in 1988, as “a man who has served with hon- cybercrime; it deals with a range of cybercrime Chris Adams coordinates media relations and Crime offences, including copyright infringement, our, integrity and tenacity.” He rides along Stoppers for the Thunder Bay Police Service. computer-related fraud, child pornography and with officers to experience the world behind offences related to network security. Canada is one of the signatories. The federal government has promised to introduce new high-tech crime legislation that will incorporate aspects of the conven- tion into Canadian laws. Preliminary high- lights include providing law enforcement with wider access to electronic information held by Canadian phone companies, banks and Internet service providers. Recognizing that offences committed in cyberspace do not recognize conventional and jurisdictional boundaries, law enforcement has and will continue to engage in key partnerships with government agencies and the private sec- tor to examine barriers and develop strategies to overcome them.

Outlook Governments and the private sector will work together to establish best practices, secu- rity processes and legislation to combat increas- ingly sophisticated hacker attacks against Cana- dian information and communication systems. Legislation designed to combat both com- puter-assisted crimes and crime committed in cyberspace will give much needed tools to po- lice and law enforcement.

This article is part of a Criminal Intelligence Service of Canada review of targeted organized crime groups and their activities, based on intelligence and investigation reports from Canadian and international enforcement agencies. Blue Line Magazine is running a series of monthly articles based on the CISC’s 2002 final report. Go to www.cisc.gc.ca for more.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 17 Project Big Wheel reduces accidents and crime by Frank Malone • vehicles stopped - 3,907 A loud grinding sound shat- • summonses issued - 1,495 tered the calm of a spring • insurance charges - 49 afternoon as the right • cautions - 603 rear, first drive axle • suspension notices served - 27 wheel bearing housing • drive suspended charges - 23 failed on a 40 ton dump • unsafe vehicles towed - 93 truck, causing the dou- • vehicles inspected - 768 ble wheeled section to • parking tags issued - 2,495 break loose. During blitzes, traffic en- The vehicle was headed downhill on a forcement officers patrol the sur- busy four lane Toronto highway. As luck rounding areas and take problem would have it, the driver reacted quickly and, vehicles back to the main inspec- as the duals separated and began to roll away, tion site for testing and parking managed to turn sharply on to the sidewalk, enforcement personnel tag the trapping them and preventing a dangerous general area. situation from escalating. Taking this approach and This type of incident is occurring far too partnering with other units and often and has resulted in fatalities, especially agencies has resulted in a posi- when poorly maintained vehicles lose their nity Council on Impaired Driving (OCCID) also tive and effective outcome. Officers broaden wheels while travelling at high speeds. regularly attend to distribute handouts and teach their knowledge and experience by working Toronto Police Service’s (TPS) 53 Division about the dangers drinking and driving. with experts in other fields and community re- is combating this lack of respect for traffic laws The blitz focuses on all vehicular traffic and quests for high visibility uniform enforcement and maintenance by enhancing its High Profile pedestrians. Vehicles are inspected for mechani- of traffic and criminal laws are met. This in Traffic Enforcement Initiative. Community com- cal, emissions and document compliance and turn compliments crime prevention and pub- plaints are reviewed once a month to identify a fuel is checked to make sure it meets legal lic safety issues and awareness. high collision location and TPS, along with en- standards. Aggressive, high risk drivers are Traffic enforcement not only cuts the risk forcement officers from the Ontario transport, charged and errant pedestrians, especially sen- of personal injury and property damage colli- environment and finance ministries, the Toronto iors, are reminded of the importance of safe sions but also reduces criminal activity. taxi industry and local parking control units, practices and following the rules of the road. conduct a four hour targeted safety blitz. Project Big Wheel began in 2000 and has TPS Sergeant Frank Malone works in 53 Division. Representatives from the Ontario Commu- obtained the following results so far:

Tampa Police scrap face recognition software After two years of failing to yield any positive results, Tampa police have scraped the highly touted and much criticized face recognition software system that scanned the city’s entertainment district. “It was of no benefit to us, and it served no real purpose,” Capt. Bob Guidara was quoted as saying in August. In June 2001, Tampa became the first city in the US to install the software to scan faces in the Ybor City nightlife district and check them against a database of more than 24,000 felons, sexual predators and runa- way children. New Jersey-based Visionics Corp. had offered the city a free trial use of the pro- gram, called FaceIt. The system was installed on closed-circuit cameras that police used to monitor city crowds on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights. The technology had been used in casinos and foreign airports to find card cheats and terrorists. The same technol- ogy also was used to examine the Super Bowl XXXV crowd in Tampa in January 2001 for fugitives and terrorists. Police were unable explain why the soft- ware wasn’t effective, since it seemed to work in controlled testing, Guidara said.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 18 Re: Canada could become none of them. You can’t be partly pregnant, and work if the information submitted by agencies ‘Colombia of the north’ that is what the government is trying to be on and management is truthful, accurate and free (Aug/Sept Blue Line) this issue. from prejudice or bias. Marijuana is no less a Terry Kreitz I question the academic honesty of his arti- drug than heroin, cocaine or cle and find it ironic that he recently left the any other pharmaceutical. Re: Gypsy cops can bring unwanted bag- CPS; is he not in the same category as other Somehow, people seem to gage by John Middleton-Hope (Aug/Sept. lateral officers? think that because it is “or- Blue Line) Dean Nichol ganic,” it won’t hurt you. As a Calgary Police Service (CPS) mem- Calgary, AB What a crock. Ask any respiratory therapist ber, I’ve served with Previously Experienced about the likely effects of inhaling marijuana Officers (PEO) and can attest there’s no prob- Editors note: The article (and this letter) are long term. lem with their performance, loyalty, conduct, both edited versions of much longer documents. The other argument that gets trotted out is deportment or discipline. Those interested in learning more about this that it’s a miracle cure for everything from can- Middleton-Hope asserts that while PEOs research, which Middleton-Hope conducted for cer to glaucoma. If the government wants to have enormous strengths, they “also bring be- a Masters degree, can contact him at legalize “medicinal marijuana” then it owes it haviours and cultural identities that are differ- [email protected]. to the public to put marijuana through the same ent from the agency hiring them,” resulting in sets of tests that other medicines have to go “a disproportionately higher number of public through, and it isn’t doing this. What happens complaints against their conduct, as compared I read, with interest, Elvin Klassen’s arti- if 10 years from now someone develops lung with inexperienced recruits.” Where are the sta- cle on PRIME to link all British Columbia po- cancer from smoking medical marijuana sup- tistics on this? lice, (Blue Line, August/September 2003) and plied by the government? Are we then all go- He also says “there’s little research on the must commend solicitor general Rich Coleman ing to have to bite the bullet and settle the law- subject and none that assesses PEO conduct, on his attempts to update policing in that prov- suit, simply because our government is going though there’s plenty on predicting police cor- ince. As with ViCLAS (Violent Crime Link- about this in a “knee-jerk” reaction? ruption.” Is he alleging PEOs have a higher age Analysis System) however, PRIME will If society wants to decriminalize drugs then level of predisposition towards corruption? He only be as good as the input it receives. There it should do so, but what we should be talking links those with certain ‘cultural identities’ as was no indication in the article that entering about is whether we should have the simple having a disproportionately higher number of information on the system is either legislated possession of ANY drugs a criminal offence. public complaints, yet doesn’t cite proper aca- or mandatory. Are steps being taken to solicit Because the legislators of today have a warm, demic research. input from police in the neighbouring prov- fuzzy feeling toward the pot of their youth is He suggests a national data-base of experi- ince of Alberta, as it is quite obvious that crimi- no reason to single out marijuana for enced officers be developed to verify work his- nals travel regularly between these two west- decriminalization. Ethically, you are either for tory, provide full disclosure to other agencies ern provinces? decriminalizing all non-prescription drugs or and track conduct. Unfortunately, this will only Andrew Maksymchuk

OctoberJune 2003 2003 19 Studying changes everything The big question - is that good or bad? by Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Ph. D., Psych. urement effect,” depending on exactly what you fact responsible for more crime than others. I came across some research you might be are measuring. I quote: It has been argued that recording race is a interested in — see if you can figure out what “The act of observing and recording one’s bad thing because it may well cause officers to the studies have in common. own behaviour is commonly associated with a alter their behaviour. They might refrain from 1. Probably the single most effective tool for change in the frequency of the target behav- stopping someone they ought to stop once they weight control is to write down what you eat iour.” In a related vein: see they’re a member of a minority group. That every day. “Reactivity to self recording makes it dif- would be a bad thing. 2. One means of teaching self control to adoles- ficult to obtain stable baseline data.” Or they might become aware that when they cents with attention deficit disorder is to have (I can provide the reference if anyone re- “randomly” stop people, it really isn’t so ran- them record specific types of undesirable be- ally cares!) dom because too many of the people are minori- haviour every time they happen; this results What does this have to do with police work? ties. That would be a good thing. If the officer in a decrease in the specified behaviour. Well, actually, it has to do with the question of really is a horrible racist, then my best guess is 3. Compliance can be increased significantly whether or not it’s a good idea to record race that he/she won’t fill out the forms or document among adults receiving dialysis by having when you interact with a member of the pub- many encounters. That would be a bad thing. them keep write down when they did and did lic. It’s a complex question with no easy an- Hard to say what direction this recording will not comply with treatment. swer but there are some interesting twists and take us in. People will tend to change their be- 4. A study in the 1930s indicated that produc- turns to it. haviour in the direction that they perceive to be tivity in an electrical plant increased signifi- If you think you’re going to get an accu- the intended or desirable direction. The people cantly when workers thought that the boss rate picture of how police have dealt with vis- on diets change their behaviour when they record was counting how much work they did — ible minorities in the past (“the past” meaning what they eat — but they don’t tend to change even though he wasn’t. up to the very minute the officers have to keep in the direction of eating more potato chips. Were you able to spot the common link? track), dream on. The fact is that once you start In the case of recording race, people will They all demonstrate that the simple act of self measuring something, that behaviour changes. alter their behaviour in the direction that they monitoring actually changes behaviour. If you You’ll find out what people are actually doing perceive to be ‘correct.’ If they are determined look at the extensive literature about weight now, today, (assuming they comply and don’t to prove that visible minorities are more in- control for example, you’ll see that people lie but that’s a whole other issue) — but it will volved in crime, then they will move in that tended to eat less and eat better when they wrote not tell you what they were doing before. direction. If they were actually doing a fair job down what they ate. They weren’t told “eat this” One could argue that this is not a bad thing, to start with but perceive that the ‘correct’ re- or “don’t eat that,” just “keep track.” if you are a person who believes that some po- sponse is to stop fewer visible minorities, then This phenomenon is called variously “re- lice HAVE been biased in their dealings — or they will stop fewer — even if that is not a good activity of measurement” or “the mere meas- if you believe that some racial groups are in thing. What a mess. The one thing you can bank on is that re- cording race will cause change. There is just no doubt that self-monitoring causes behav- iour changes but exactly what change depends a lot on what you do with the data. Are you looking for change over time? Do you have an idea of what the ‘correct’ percentages ought to be? Will you use the data to compare one officer to another? So is recording race a good idea? I don’t have an answer — I’m just glad it’s not me who will be trying to analyze the data.

Dr. Dorothy Cotton is Blue Line’s Psychology columnist and she can be reached at [email protected].

OctoberJune 2003 2003 20 A Nova Scotia man was charged in August ing him to stay away from the Tim Hortons. tial rehabilitation centre, “I would have sen- with five counts of mischief for pulling up to The next day, May 26, Chetwynd tied his horse tenced you to three-and-a-half years.” the local Tim Hortons drive-through window in a handicap parking spot, according to court Rice’s probation conditions include his sub- on horseback. information. He was charged and has been mitting to random breathalyser or urinalysis The horse, a gelding named Dillon, is charged additional times since. checks, abstaining from alcohol or drugs, and Robert Chetwynd’s means of transportation. Atlantic Superstore, a grocery chain, has undergoing treatment for alcoholism. The sen- The 34-year-old lobster fisherman and part- also complained that Chetwynd, whose lifetime tence provoked outrage among members of time carpenter lost his driver’s licence after an nickname is Jell-O-Head, has hitched his horse Mothers Against Drunk Driving. April 2000 conviction for impaired driving. to its shopping-cart corral. Chetwynd, who Chetwynd is not scheduled to get his licence faces five mischief charges and 10 counts of *** back until November 2004. breach of probation, plans to represent himself Police in Liverpool, England who thought “We don’t have any problem with anybody when he appears in court Nov. 10. they were searching for human remains had egg bringing a horse or an animal onto the property *** on their faces when they found their quarry - a if they do it in a responsible manner,” David An Ottawa man convicted of drunk driv- mask made of bacon. Police said they had been Arenburg, owner of the Tim Hortons franchise ing for the 14th time will not spend any more tipped off by a burglar who had broken into the was quoted as saying. time in jail, an Ontario Superior Court judge home of artist Richard Morrison, and claimed However, Arenburg said there were times ruled in August, saying long jail terms have lit- he had seen a head in a jar. when the horse was tied to the bumpers of ve- tle deterrent effect on hard-core alcoholics. Police got a search warrant and broke into hicles and utility poles. The horse also defecated Tommy Rice, 48, was handed a three-year the house in August, where they found a mask on the property. driving ban. In her decision, Justice Catherine made of bacon, preserved in formaldehyde in Chetwynd was served last year with a pro- Aitken struggled with the competing interests a jar. tection of property notice by the RCMP, order- of protecting the public from a man with a 25- “It’s obviously a very macabre piece of year record of alcohol-related offences and the work, but I never expected it to get this reac- recognition of what she termed the “significant tion,” a London newspaper quoted Morrison as Analysis helps efforts” Rice had made to combat his addiction. saying. “There is no compelling research . . . sup- “The police told me that the burglar was reduce repeat calls porting the idea that harsher sentences serve as terrified - he had a crisis of conscience and con- a significant deterrent,” Aitken was quoted as fessed his crimes to his mother.” saying. Morrison said he made the mask for an art “If you had not started treatment,” Aitken course two years ago. The Merseyside Police told Rice, who has spent the last two years so- department apologized and said it would ar- ber following an eight-month stay in a residen- range to repair damage to Morrison’s front door.

Regina Police S/Sgt. Bob Hinchcliffe con- gratulates Mario Thomas, a Human Justice stu- dent from the University of Regina, who just completed his practicum this summer at the North Central Service Centre. Thomas under- took a comprehensive analysis of previous po- lice involvement at hot spot addresses within North Central Regina as part of his studies un- der the supervision of Cpl. Sheree Ortman. As part of the SARA method of problem solving, Thomas prepared a synopsis of relevant issues as a resource for the officers assigned to prob- lem solving initiatives. His work will help Regina Police reduce repeat calls for service by identifying the root causes of the problem. Thomas is a computer professional who also taught police members new ways to use the technology. This was the last component Tho- mas required to complete his bachelor of hu- man justice degree and he is now off to study graduate work in conflict analysis at Royal Rhodes University in British Columbia. There will be three more practicum students working at the service centres this fall.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 21 Warrantless public locker searches unreasonable extinguish Buhay’s expectation. baggage in the locker. Dinh had the key that by Mike Novakowski The initial privacy invasion into the locker, opened the suitcase. Lam was also arrested for even though free from Charter scrutiny, did not possession of the drugs and a search subsequent Both the Supreme cause the accused’s expectation of privacy to to his arrest revealed a gram of heroin, a mari- Court of Canada and Al- end and justify further invasions. Justice Ar- huana bud and more than $1000. berta Court of Appeal bour stated: Dinh and Lam were acquitted. The trial have ruled, in separate In this case, it cannot reasonably be said judge found that they had been arbitrarily de- cases, that warrantless that the (accused) had ceased to have a pri- tained, contrary to s.9 of the Charter, when searches of bus depot lock- vacy interest in the contents of his locker. The police asked for their bus tickets. Furthermore, ers violated the privacy in- subsequent conduct of police should be con- police use of the drug dog to sniff inside and terests of the person using sidered a seizure within the meaning of s. 8. I outside the lockers was a warrantless and un- the locker. see no basis for holding that a person’s rea- reasonable search and seriously violated In one case, police had sonable expectation of privacy as to the con- Dinh’s s.8 Charter right to privacy. The judge reasonable grounds prior to tents of a rented and locked bus depot locker is inferred that she intended to lock the locker opening a secured locker and destroyed merely because a private individual before police deliberately interfered. The evi- physically searching its contents; in the other, (such as a security guard) invades that privacy dence was excluded. they used a dog to sniff around some lockers, by investigating the contents of the locker. The Crown appealed to the Alberta Court received an indication drugs were present and The intervention of the security guards does of Appeal arguing that Dinh had a reasonable opened an insecure locker so the dog could sniff not relieve police from the… requirement of expectation of privacy in the luggage but not inside. In both cases, the breaches were treated prior judicial authorization before seizing con- in the odours emanating from it, into a public as serious and the evidence was excluded, re- traband uncovered by security guards. To con- area, which the dog detected — thus there was sulting in acquittals. clude otherwise would amount to a circumven- no search and the dog’s indication provided In R. v. Buhay, 2003 SCC 30, two Winnipeg tion of the warrant requirement…. the security reasonable grounds to arrest the accused and bus depot security guards opened a locker using guards’ search of the locker, which is not sub- search them and their belongings incidental a master key and removed and examined a duf- ject to the Charter, cannot exempt police from to arrest. fel bag. They found marijuana rolled up in the the stringent prerequisites that come into play The accused submitted that they were ar- middle of a sleeping bag, put it back in the locker, when the state wishes to intrude the appellant’s bitrarily detained and subject to unreasonable locked it and called police. Officers smelled privacy… (references omitted). searches, contending that the warrantless sniff marijuana in the locker and had it opened with- The Court also rejected the Crown’s plain provided personal and protected information out a warrant. The drugs were seized and Buhay view argument; for that to apply, police needed about the baggage contents which was unattain- was subsequently arrested and charged with pos- prior justification for entry, which they didn’t able though human senses. Thus, the search was session for the purpose of trafficking. have. Since there were no exigent circumstances unreasonable and the information obtained from At trial, Justice Aquilla of the Manitoba or other statutory or common law authority to the sniff could not be used to support their ar- Provincial Court excluded the evidence because justify the search and seizure, the Crown couldn’t rests and subsequent searches. he concluded police violated Buhay’s s.8 Char- rebut the presumption that a warrantless search In dismissing the Crown’s appeal, Justice ter right to be secure from unreasonable search or seizure is prima facie unreasonable. Conrad, writing for the unanimous Alberta and seizure. Even though the Charter didn’t Considering all of the factors, including the Court of Appeal, concluded that police con- apply to the initial search by the private guards lower court’s concern that the Charter breach was ducted a search when they were able to “see” because they were not agents of the state, Buhay serious and that it was necessary to discourage into Dinh’s luggage — when the dog sniffed nonetheless had a personal and reasonable ex- police misconduct of this kind, the court found and obtained information about her. The court pectation of privacy in the rented locker when the trial judge’s exclusion of the evidence was compared this to police using a thermal imaging police searched it. Officers exhibited a casual reasonable. Buhay’s acquittal was restored. camera to detect heat coming from a suspected attitude towards his Charter rights, the evidence In R. v. Dinh and Lam, 2003 ABCA 201, grow house, which would be undetectable by was excluded and he was acquitted. police were at a Calgary bus depot as part of a human senses. Justice Conrad wrote: The Crown appealed to the Manitoba Court ‘Jetway’ drug detection program and used a If it is improper for police to invade a pri- of Appeal, which found there was no search police dog to sniff for drugs on incoming buses vacy interest using a technique or device that and seizure by state agents, even when police and unloaded baggage. They followed Dinh and goes beyond enhancing the human senses, it opened the locker, since the security guards Lam, who walked toward public lockers when does not matter whether it is a sophisticated merely transferred their control of the contents they got off the bus. Dinh placed her two pieces technological FLIR device or a police dog with to them. If the guards had placed the contents of luggage in the locker but police spoke to her an acute sense of smell. The effect is the same. elsewhere, there would have been no search and and Lam before she could completely close the The police did not discover the odour of seizure, so putting them back into the locker door. Officers asked to see their tickets and marihuana through inadvertence, but were de- should not change the result. The appeal was identification and a police dog sniffed around liberately trying to discover what was inside allowed and a conviction was entered. the lockers. It made a positive indication for the luggage using the aid of a police dog’s en- Buhay appealed to the Supreme Court of drugs and a locker was opened so it could stick hanced olfactory senses. Since the police search Canada. Justice Arbour, writing for the unani- its head inside, where it again indicated the pres- (dog sniff) was warrantless, it was unreason- mous high court, agreed with the lower courts ence of drugs. able unless it could otherwise be justified un- that the initial search did not engage the Charter. By this time Dinh had gone to the wash- der statute or common law. There were no rea- However, she concluded that Buhay did have a room and an officer went in to arrest her. After sonable grounds or even an articulable cause reasonable expectation of privacy in the contents she didn’t open the cubicle door as requested, to target the accused for investigation. of the locker when police opened and searched the officer stood on the toilet in an adjoining The appeal court ruled that the trial judge’s it, albeit not as high as one would expect in their stall and, peering over the top, saw her holding findings of an arbitrary detention and unreason- body, home, or office. He paid a rental fee for a white package which was later found to con- able searches were not in error and the exclu- exclusive use, possessed the key and could regu- tain $14,000. She was arrested for possession sion of the evidence under s.24(2) of the Charter late access it and there were no signs suggesting of drugs for the purpose of trafficking. was also reasonable. The acquittals stood. it may be opened and searched. Third party own- An additional $1,475 and almost seven ership or the existence of a master key didn’t kilograms of marijuana was discovered in the Contact Mike Novakowski at [email protected].

OctoberJune 2003 2003 22 EDMONTON — Canada’s newest police as- lead investigator can set an investigation back VANCOUVER — A crisis in Vancouver’s po- sociation is pushing for a bill of rights to pro- months or even force police to start again from lice staffing levels has led to the cutting or tem- tect police officers from frivolous complaints the beginning. porary suspension of numerous programs, in- aimed at derailing investigations. Tony *** cluding Crime Stoppers. Cannavino, president of the newly formed Ca- Changes in the municipal pension plan, nadian Professional Police Association, says CALGARY — A clogged car radiator led to the heatstroke deaths of a police dog and a fam- which would give officers who quit after Nov. criminals are increasingly filing complaints 30 significantly smaller pensions, have led the against police to derail their crime-fighting ef- ily pet and the severe injury of a bomb-sniffing department to expect 150 early retirements by forts. canine in August. Dec. 1 - about 13 per cent of the entire service. Cannavino said the tactic, which has been The dog that survived the accident inside employed by biker gangs in Manitoba in re- the Ford Crown Victoria police cruiser has made “When you have 150 less officers, some- cent months, usually results in police officers a steady recovery and was sent home with Cst. thing has to give,” Insp. Val Harrison was quoted being suspended, often without pay, while the Darren Leggatt said Insp. Kevin Brookwell. as saying. Since the pension cuts apply to police complaint works it way through the courts. “We’re very optimistic Koko will be back and fire detachments in other BC municipali- “They know what to do to take an investi- to work - a lot of time and effort was put into ties, the Vancouver police service must train most gator out - if you are feeling the heat, lay a com- getting her to that level (of explosive-sniffing),” of the new officers rather than simply hire offic- plaint,” Al Koenig, the head of Calgary’s po- Brookwell was quoted as saying. ers away from other departments. lice association and a member of the new CPPA Despite efforts by Leggatt to revive him Harrison said the city expects to fill two- board was quoted as saying. He added that even with CPR, police canine Gino died. A test on thirds of the positions by July 2004 and return- a frivolous complaint will probably take some- the cruiser used by Leggatt when the accident ing to full strength by April 2005. Insp. Bob one out of service for two to three weeks. occurred traced the fatal episode to a radiator Rolls said he expects numbers of officers to fall The 54,000-member police association, clogged by grass seed, tree fluff, bugs and dan- slightly in the Downtown Eastside, where nu- delions, said Brookwell. formed through a merger of the Canadian Po- merous officers were transferred to try to elimi- The obstructions cut off the supply of cooler lice Association and the National Association nate the open-air drug market that plagues much air to the engine, which overheated. of Professional Police, said it isn’t looking for of the area. immunity, but for protection that will let police “To protect the engine, the car’s systems “Citizen safety is not going to be impacted do their jobs. The association would like to see shut down and one of the first things to go is federal politicians put such basic protections the air conditioning,” Brookwell explained. by this,” Harrison was quoted as saying. into law, but Koenig conceded it could take After an hour of test-running the car under Rolls said staff shortfalls are now being years for that to happen. similar conditions, the cruiser’s air condition- covered by paying officers overtime, and the Koenig says when a complaint is made ing began to fail, said Brookwell. The findings department plans to rehire 15 to 20 senior of- against a police officer in Alberta, police serv- confirm Leggatt - who’d checked on the dogs ficers who will go back on the city payroll even ices are obliged to investigate, regardless while parked at a northeast police facility last though they will have started to collect their whether it appears frivolous. He says losing a Sunday - had done nothing wrong, he said. pensions.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 23 Police recognized for work with youth Police officers from across Canada were recognized for their innovative work with youth at the fourth annual Minister of Justice National Youth Justice Policing Award. Justice Minister Martin Cauchon presented the 2003 award in Halifax at the Gala Awards Night of the annual Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP) conference. The award was sponsored by the department, in collabo- ration with the CACP. The winner, Cst. Rick Cole of the Edmon- ton Police Service, created an innovative pro- gram known which helps young people who bully, steal or engage in mischief to improve their behaviour. A few years ago, Cole noticed that he and his colleagues were dealing with the same young people over and over again. They didn’t feel responsible for their actions, so he decided to develop a program that became known throughout Edmonton as COLE’S Kids. The program requires young people to sign a ‘contract for success,’ which often calls for Pictured from left to right: Cst. Ken Anderson - Winnipeg Police, Cpl. Greg Fleet - Regina them to attain better marks at school and keep Police, S/Sgt. Jake Bouwman, RCMP, Chilliwack, Cst. Rick Cole - Edmonton Police Service, their parents informed of their whereabouts. Supt. Dan Okuloski, Halton Regional Police Service, Justice Minister Wayne Cauchon, Cst. The young person, their parents and police Richard McDonald, Halifax Regional Police create the contract as quickly as possible after an arrest or intervention, which is one of the plains, adding that “the parents are really key.” ton for being highly successful in helping youth main reasons why the program works, Cole Cole started running the project entirely on in conflict with the law turn their lives around. says. “A month is a lifetime for a 12-year-old. his own in 1999, but it was so successful he had For Cole, this has made his involvement in the If some kind of consequence doesn’t happen to find volunteers to share the caseload. Now he program a rewarding experience. “Seeing the quickly, it’s not relevant.” has a team of volunteer mentors – made up of changes in some of these kids is really amaz- The program deals with children as young teachers, principals, pastors, seniors, and other ing,” he says. as seven and as old as 17. community members – who help him ensure the Along with the award, Cole received a COLE’S Kids also requires parents to hold young people are fulfilling their contracts. $5,000 cheque on behalf of the COLE’S Kids up their end of the bargain. The parents or He acts as a supporter and trainer for the Association. guardian are asked to spend 15 minutes of one- mentors, who are screened by police, and meets Certificates of distinction were awarded to on-one time with their child each day and make with them regularly to make sure the program three officers: sure all the required chores are completed. is running smoothly. In addition to all these • Cpl. Greg Fleet, Regina Police Service This often opens up the lines of communi- duties, he is a full-time patrol officer. • Retired Cst. Terry Simm, formerly of the cation between the child and their parents and The program is known throughout Edmon- Sarnia Police Service allows the parents to lead by example, Cole ex- • Cst. Ken Anderson, Winnipeg Police Service and honourable mention certificates were awarded to: • Cst. Richard McDonald, Halifax Regional Police • Supt. Dan Okuloski, Halton Regional Police Service • S/Sgt. Jake Bouwman, RCMP, Chilliwack Detachment • Constables Grant Hamilton and Tom Woods, Victoria Police Department The award is given to officers who under- take their work in a manner that reflects the goals of the youth justice renewal initiative. At its centre is the Youth Criminal Justice Act, which came into force in April. Among the factors considered in selecting the award winner are innovation and creativ- ity, the use of community-based resources as alternatives to the formal court process, the ef- fective use of police discretion, conferencing, community-based alternatives to custody and rehabilitation and reintegration of youth in con- flict with the law.

Cst. Rick Cole can be contacted at 780-496-8551.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 24 HensonHenson CollegeCollege -- DalhousieDalhousie UniversityUniversity Certificate in Police Leadership Graduates - Fall 2002 - Spring 2003 TTThe Staff and Faculty of the Police Leadership Program congratulates all graduates on their success!

Level 1 Cst. Kent E. R. Langley Service Delivery Cst. Mark MacDonald RCMP, Toronto, ON Cst. Ian Frape Halifax Regional Police, NS Cst. Stephen Murray Cst. J.C. Neeser Peel Regional P.S., ON Cst. Daryl Mahoney Halifax Regional Police, NS Peel Regional P.S., ON Cst. Kirsti Haaka Edmonton Police Service, AB S/Sgt. Maria Nickel Hamilton Police Service, ON Sgt. Marion Morrison Level III RCMP, Richmond, BC Sr. Cst. Arif Hasham Waterloo Regional Police, ON S/Sgt. Randy Patrick Guelph Police Service, ON Cpl. Gillian Poole Cpl. Paul L. Brown Peel Regional P.S., ON Cst. Dean Syniak RCMP, Green Lake/Meadow Lake, SK RCMP, Old Crow, Yukon A/Sgt. Peter Riemenschneider Louis Bull P.S., Hobbema, AB Cst. Kimberly Quartermain Cpl. Stephen Corcoran Peel Regional P.S., ON Sgt. John Van Dyke Fredericton Police Force, NB RCMP, Langley, BC Det. Dave Staines South Simcoe Police Service, ON Cst. Kim Reynolds London Police Service, ON Cst. Ken Wright London Police Service, ON Sgt. Don Spicer Peel Regional P.S., ON Cst. Mike Saunders Administration Halifax Regional Police, NS Sgt. Robert Zenzner Calgary Police Service, AB Cst. Gordon K. Stewart Waterloo Regional Police, ON S/Sgt. Jill Skinner Cst. Stacey Anderson RCMP, Cole Harbour, NS Ottawa Police Service, ON Supervisory Skills RCMP, Toronto, ON Cpl. Sheila White Det/Sgt. John Burchill RCMP, Smithers, BC Cpl. Steve Arthur Advanced Police Leadership Winnipeg Police Service, MB RCMP, Thunder Bay, ON Sgt. David Worrell WO Michael W. Amirault Sgt. Peter Cousins Halifax Regional Police, NS Cst. Shelley Ballard-McKinlay Durham Regional Police, ON Saskatoon Police Service, SK DND Military Police, Moscow, Russia Donovan T. Howell Director R. D. Ferguson Law and Justice Cst. Stephen Calder University of Saskatchewan, SK Halifax Regional Police, NS Brampton, ON Cpl. Phil Graham D/Cst. David Dunbar Cst. Carol Campbell-Waugh S/Sgt. Hank Zehr RCMP, Peace River, AB Hamilton Police Service, ON Halifax Regional Police, NS St. Thomas City Police Service, ON Sgt. Mark Hartlen WO. Brian Gallant A/Sgt. Darren Hawley Cst. Mike Massine Halifax Regional Police, NS DND Military Police, Pretoria, SA Peel Regional P.S., ON Saanich Police Dept., BC Cst. Eric Irani Cpl. Brian L. Hodgkin Cst. Kevin Hovey RCMP, Hay River, NT RCMP, Ladysmith, BC Halifax Regional Police, NS This list is not exclusive. Some students could not Cpl. Jeff Jeffrey Cst. John James Cst. John Legault be contacted and others, for reasons of privacy and RCMP, Surrey, BC RCMP, Resolute Bay, NU London Police Service, ON security, did not wish to have their names included. Ottawa S/Sgt wins Dalhousie award Ottawa Police Service S/Sgt Jill Skinner has won this year’s Sgt. Bruce MacPhail Award for Academic Excellence. Skinner has worked in most areas of the Ottawa Po- lice organization, including 12 years as a patrol officer, and received a commendation for her actions in arresting a bank robber in 1984. She was promoted to sergeant in 1993 and staff sergeant in 2000, presently heads sexual assault and child abuse investigations and is a trained hostage negotiator who coordi- nates the Crisis Management Negotiation Unit. She’s on the board of the Canadian Critical Incident Association, has written articles for the Command Post newsletter and is a volunteer member of the Critical Incident Stress Manage- ment team. Skinner completed the Police Leadership Certificate, with a concentration in supervisory skills, at Dalhousie and is currently enrolled in psychology courses at Carleton University. The award was established in 2001 by Phyllis MacPhail in memory of her son, Sgt. Bruce MacPhail, commemorating his dedica- tion to life-long learning. He died in June, 2001.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 25 Hells Angels run Bordeaux jail by P.A. Sévigny “That’s almost $75,000 for every week Gagnon. “There are too to 10 days,” he says. “Do the math!” many people in the jail It’s no secret that drugs have long been a Most of the dope is coming for that kind of thing part of daily life for prisoners in Québec. through the gates well to go on for long “Whoever controls the drugs within the hidden. The favoured without some- prison controls the prison,” says Nickolas method is to have peo- body finding out Gagnon. “We just count the heads and lock ple coming back to jail about it.” the doors.” swallow well greased Paradis Gagnon, the vice-president of the Syndicat condoms full of dope. blames prison ad- des Agents de la Paix en Services “I had one guy who ministration for Correctionnels du Québec (S.A.P.S.C.Q.), says could bring me up to half drawing a hard morale among his members is at an all-time low. a pound of ‘hash’ every time line between soft Guards at Montreal’s Bordeaux jail tell him the he came back to jail,” says and hard drugs and flow of drugs through the jail has become a tidal Paradis. “He would swallow the packages but oth- says the guards have a liberal attitude towards wave and that there’s not much they can do ers would stuff their ‘hot dogs’ up the other way.” soft drugs because they help calm the inmates about it. Guy Samson, a spokesman for the prov- down. Hard drugs are something else. Over a pound of marijuana and quarter ince’s correction service, says Paradis may be “Dealing hard drugs inside would get you pound of hashish was found hidden in the pris- exaggerating and that the situation is not as bad into a lot of serious trouble,” he says. “You on’s chapel recently. Authorities soon deter- as it seems. don’t need that kind of trouble when you’re mined that the inmate in charge of cleaning the “We know what’s going on,” he says. “We doing time.” area was hiding the drugs for the Hells Angels, have good links with the police, the guards “The guards are losing control of the pris- who are known to run all the dope business keep their eyes open and every jail has its ons to the dope dealers, and the government within the jail. informers.” doesn’t seem to care,” Gagnon says. “They are “The ‘Hells’ are taking over the province’s Samson says that anyone suspected of asking for trouble.” prisons,” says Gagnon. “The administration bringing dope into the prison is locked in a spe- The government is well aware of what’s knows it but they don’t know what they can do cial cell for up to 72 hours. going on and will take measures to deal with about it.” “That usually does the trick,” he says. “If the illicit drug flow, Samson promises. He says More than a few prison insiders agree with they have anything they shouldn’t have, we’ll the problem isn’t so much about the time being him. eventually find it. done in the province’s jails but who’s doing the Peter Paradis, a former ‘full-patch’ leader of Gagnon isn’t so sure. time; most of Québec’s ‘full-patch’ Angels were Montreal’s Rock Machine, believes that organ- “They still have running water in those arrested back in 2001 when police put ized crime (OC) has seeped into almost every cells,” he says. “If anything ‘comes up’, the guy ‘Opération Printemps’ into action. level of the government’s judicial system. just cleans it off and swallows the package for “We’re talking about a higher level of “It’s all about money,” he says, “and there’s a second time.” criminal,” he says. “These people are a seri- too much of it floating around the jails for OC “There’s just too much money involved,” ous danger to society. They’re not in jail for to ignore it.” says Paradis. “The guys are going to get the parking tickets.” Paradis should know. While doing a stretch dope inside the jail one way or another. The at the Bordeaux jail, he claims to have made guards might take somebody down just to show Pierre Albert Sévigny is Blue Line’s new far more money than he ever did running drugs that they’re doing their job, but they generally Québec correspondent. A graduate of on the streets of Verdun. Inmates were ready look the other way.” Concordia University’s journalism program, Sévigny’s work has appeared in many of and able to pay up to $40 for a gram of pot, he Paradis says that most of the guards have a Montreal’s weekly newspapers and his says, and “with over 440 grams to a pound of ‘live and let live’ attitude, noting that “jails are police beat is a regular feature in Montreal’s pot, you can make a net profit of nearly $15,000 not the place where you want to get into some- The Suburban. Trilingual, he’s at ease in per pound in less than a week.” body else’s face.” both of the city’s languages “and then some!” Paradis estimates that there must be at least Paradis and Gagnon say they don’t believe “French works in the east end,” he says, “English is good for the west end, but you still have to speak Italian if you five pounds of soft drugs coming into the prison there’s that much corruption in the province’s jails. want to get a good cup of coffee in Montreal’s Mile End.” each week. “A dirty guard doesn’t last for long,” says

OctoberJune 2003 2003 26 Crisis Communications 101 Part III: An instructional tale by Judy Pal by the New York Fire Department af- Once upon a ter 9/11 says, “even time in a place not heroes have the so far away, a right to bleed.” deputy chief was At the same told to handle a very time (and this may contentious news sound contradic- conference. Even tory), it’s just as im- with half a day of portant to convey preparation from the fact that “we are the department’s in control.” For ex- media officer, in- ample, during an cluding possible incident where a questions, key messages and a couple of dry police officer is shot and killed, there is no ques- runs, the d/c froze when faced with seven blaz- tion officers feel great pain, anger and emotional ing camera lights, a dozen or so microphones turmoil. However, those feelings are tempered and a sea of inquiring faces. When dealing with by their professional training, and the message the media, sometimes no amount of prepara- is “yes, we are hurting, but our ‘game faces are tion is enough. on’ so we can get the job done. There’s no ques- However, when it comes to a crisis, there’s tion we will grieve, but right now, we have a absolutely no time to hesitate or make mistakes. job to do.” That message in itself expresses Important questions must be answered the me- empathy and conveys that all-important mes- dia and public often look to police for response sage of being in control. and reassurance. Finally, people need to hear from their police During the events of September 11th, law and government officials that “we will go on”. enforcement and other government agencies Particularly when dealing with large-scale crises couldn’t be entirely sure of exactly what was due to environment (hurricanes), human error happening in North American skies. With thou- (Challenger) or terrorism, it is of utmost impor- sands of people being deposited at airports tance. Remember, the public inherently trusts law across Canada, people were asking the same enforcement more than elected officials, so hear- questions: “What’s happening?” “Is it over?” ing those words from a police chief goes a long “Are we a target?” “What can I do?” way towards making a community feel safe. Essentially, people wanted to know “are we When it comes to your department’s action okay?” during crisis, it’s important to be pro-active in As a law enforcement agency, it’s extremely controlling, containing and managing the mes- important to answer this question. In times of sage. Let others speak for themselves; concen- crisis, people need to hear from powers that be trate on the basics mentioned above. Stick to that “yes, we are okay,” “yes, law enforcement your key messages and do your best to keep is in control” and “yes, here’s what you can do” ‘police sources’ quiet (another issue altogether). – a ‘call to action,’ so to speak. Finally, monitor the media. In times of cri- As silly as it may sound, it’s just as impor- ses, when reporters are under great pressure to tant for law enforcement to very clearly acknowl- perform and self-appointed ‘experts’ come out edge the incident. Similar to what we learn in of the woodwork, it’s sometimes necessary to suicide intervention courses, you must ask the gently remind the media to be responsible. In person standing on the high ledge if they’re plan- the heat of the moment, they sometimes aren’t ning to commit suicide. You have to be blunt thorough in their due diligence when it comes to and acknowledge the situation to enable others information sources — and with today’s barrage to say the words and open dialogue. of competitive, ‘on-the-scene’ media, incorrect After 9-11, it was vital government and law information can be disseminated instantaneously. enforcement acknowledged the incident and Call them on inaccuracies; that’s when good re- said, “yes, four planes have crashed. The World lationships will be extremely valuable. Trade Centre towers have collapsed. A plane So, next time the proverbial you-know-what has exploded into the Pentagon and there are hits the fan — step up to the plate. Acknowl- likely thousands of people dead.” Saying the edge the incident, express empathy, convey con- words essentially made a surreal situation real trol, reassure the public, manage the message for the public and allowed them to begin to and monitor the media. These six steps will go process somewhat unbelievable events. far in helping to ensure your department comes During a crisis, it is also imperative your out the other side of a crisis looking professional department express empathy for victims. It’s and capable of handling anything. good to remind the public that yes, law enforce- Next month: Community Surveys. ment is made up of human beings who feel, cry and are deeply touched by situations they deal Judy Pal managed communications for Halifax Regional with. Sometimes it’s important to acknowledge Police for five years. She is a respected public affairs that emergency services personnel are not Su- practitioner and an energetic, insightful lecturer and media permen. As the Five for Fighting song adopted trainer. Contact: [email protected] or (902) 483-3055.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 27 The Predatory Scripts How children are seduced by pedophiles by Jeff Lancaster so the best method of protection is adequate su- Script: drugs pervision. Children properly supervised and edu- Child predators use a variety of ‘pedophile Often applied later in a predator-vic- cated won’t fall victim to this type of script. scripts’ to seduce children, generally when their tim relationship, once a connec- Dialogue: artificial assistance parents are not around. tion has been made. Commonly Props: simulated injury, photo- Just as a script follows a predetermined and used to test the levels of se- graphs of ‘missing’ pets, crisis precise path, typically so to do the ‘lure and se- crecy and lay a trap for a later creation cure’ strategies of child predators and, just as threat — the predator may Scenes: parks, shopping cen- with scripts, they use dialogue, props and scenes. threaten to tell police or par- tres, theme parks, streets, etc. While most criminals’ methods may change ents they used drugs if they Script: idolize according to situation and sophistication, many don’t respond to demands. Also These predators often ma- child predators are obsessive-compulsive indi- commonly used in association nipulate their positions as viduals with a common predilection for same- with the pornography script or to teachers, coaches, sporting ness, structure and the ‘control’ often associ- lessen the predator’s guilt and the heroes or celebrities to capi- ated with familiarity and ritualistic behaviour. victim’s resistance. talize on a victim’s idolization While they may adapt behaviours to suit their Dialogue: laying the foundations of of them. Many will exaggerate needs, the following techniques are the most secrecy Props: drugs, paraphernalia, their status to seduce children commonly used: alcohol and often pornography who, like many adults, hero-wor- Scenes: primarily at the predators home, Script: playmate ship. Non child predators also use though incidents have been known to The predator comes across as a friend, some- this tactic. occur at the predator’s workplace; one the potential victim plays and has fun with. Dialogue: any communication that rarely at the victim’s home They will commonly take the child to theme takes advantage of the child’s hero- parks and entertainment centres, buy them ‘fun’ Script: obligation worship gifts — things the child’s parents wouldn’t nor- The predator creates a situation where the po- Props: the predator’s themselves, photographs, mally allow them to have — or take the child tential victim feels obligated to go with them videos, gifts home to watch age-specific videos and play or do what they suggest. This technique is of- Scenes: social settings, workplaces games. Predators will also bring tickling, touch- ten played out over a long period of time and Script: love ing and even wrestling games into the relation- may include such things as caring for the child Child predators are skilled at identifying chil- ships, slowly introducing physical and sexual or doing things that seem to go beyond what dren who have unfulfilled emotional needs. touching as a foundation for the cycle of abuse. others would do — even being a ‘friend.’ The They target kids from single-parent families They typically act more like a child than an idea is to create an emotional balance sheet (often attempting to take on the role of the fa- adult, leading their victim to believe they’re where the child feels indebted. ther), unhappy homes or kids whose parents are more fun and understanding than the child’s Dialogue: creating an emotional debt divorcing or who don’t get enough attention or parents. Props: initially gifts, then simulated emotional affection. They manipulate the child’s emo- Dialogue: anything that creates a ‘fun’ relation- support tional situation and provide them with the love ship Scenes: primarily at the predator’s home and care often missing from their lives. Unfor- Props: ‘fun’ gifts, theme park excursions, etc Script: power tunately, this devotion is little more than a ruse Scenes: typically the predator’s home, though designed specifically to bring the child into the preliminary sexual contact may occur at loca- Predators know children often fear or respect people in authority; it is a response that has predator’s world. tions where they take the child — theme parks, Dialogue: emotional connection shopping centres, trips, etc been instilled by parental remarks such as ‘if you don’t behave I’ll take you to the police’ Props: emotions, affection, gifts Script: emergency or ‘always go to the police if you are in trou- Scenes: victim’s or predator’s home The predator creates a crisis, telling the poten- ble.’ Predators will often impersonate police Script: employment tial victim, for example, that their mother has or security guards — kids can rarely tell the The predator offers the potential victim a job been rushed to hospital or that their grand- difference; with the increasingly similar uni- and the lure of making money. Typically, de- mother has just died and they must go with the forms and equipment, it’s often difficult even pending on the age of the child, the jobs are predator immediately to the hospital. A good for adults — to force children to go with them either at the predator’s home or workplace and strategy to combat this approach is to design or do something they would not normally do. may range from mowing the lawn and painting an action plan for emergencies - one that the Parents should teach their children it’s okay the house to delivering newspapers or helping kids know and understand. For example, if the to say no and that they don’t have to go any- with seniors. This behaviour is generally lim- child is approached at school, have them check where with anyone, unless accompanied by ited to older children, but kids as young as five with the school principal. Teach them to never their parents. have been known to fall victim. go somewhere with another person, under any Dialogue: power plays, threats Dialogue: job solicitation circumstances, unless they’ve either heard it Props: positions of power, either real or imi- Props: job offers, money directly from a parent or guardian or an inde- tated; typical professions of power include Scenes: predator’s home or workplace pendent third party has verified it. Establish a preachers, teachers, police and security guards school safety policy and write a letter to the Scenes: schools, churches, shopping centres, Script: soliciting fame principal explaining that, in an emergency, the theme parks, etc. Often used more effectively on young girls, it school will be notified and the child should re- involves offering potential celebrity to lure and main until collected by a person (or persons) Script: help secure victims. Predators often pose as photog- listed. If a person seeking to collect the child Perhaps the most common scripting behaviour, raphers or talent scouts, tempting children with isn’t on the list, the school should be given a it usually involves having the child help a preda- promises of fame and fortune. Often used first number to call — or, failing that, call police. tor look for a missing dog, carry groceries be- on parents and then the victim. Again, the best Dialogue: crisis creation cause of a ‘broken’ arm or give directions. Chil- protection is proper supervision. Props: fabricated emergencies dren should be taught that adults don’t need help Dialogue: celebrity temptation Scenes: the most common location is outside from kids and anytime they ask should serve as Props: fame, fortune, cameras, videos, etc. schools a warning. The common denominator with these Scenes: victim’s home, predator’s home or scripts is the absence of parents or guardians and workplace

OctoberJune 2003 2003 28 Script: computers sources available to get what they want. Scare The Internet has provided predators with an- tactics can include threatening to harm the vic- other means of locating, luring, and securing tim, their siblings or friends, tell parents or victims, most commonly through chat rooms. guardians or suggesting that no one would be- Individual techniques may vary somewhat, but lieve them anyway — or any other intimida- the objective is always the same — to secure tion device. a child victim. Predators will solicit photo- Dialogue: threats and intimidation graphs and videos, send children pornographic Props: fear, threats material or sexually explicit e-mail and at- Scenes: predator’s home or workplace (long- tempt to arrange meetings, often referred to term); street settings, shopping centres, theme as ‘traveling’. Just as neighbourhood streets parks (short-term) conceal predators, so too do the invisible You may have noticed behaviours on this streets of the Internet, but the Internet is only list that someone has already exhibited with a vehicle. Just as we don’t blame the street on your child. Remember that the important thing which a child is abducted, nor can we blame is a pattern of behaviour, not isolated conduct the Internet — but we can make it safer for — but any one of these incidents should be children to use. enough to raise red flags and prompt you to Dialogue: age-specific language take a closer look at people in your child’s life. Props: computers, age-specific language, de- Adequate supervision is the key - don’t allow velopment of friendships anyone access, cover and time alone with your Scenes: Often initially restricted to online chat child. That ‘predatory triad’ can be harmful to rooms. Secondary scenes commonly include se- their health and welfare. cluded meeting areas near the victim’s home This is powerful information that can help (parks, etc.) your child avoid becoming a victim — but it requires you to take responsibility, teach your Script: recognition children the lessons they need to learn, live by The predator observes name tags, etc., estab- example, be vigilant, properly supervise activi- lishes the name of a potential victim and then ties and scrutinize people in their life. approaches the child, using their name as a con- necting device. Children typically respond to a Jeff Lancaster is a former decorated Australian police person who they believe knows them. This ap- officer who now operates a threat management business proach also heightens one of the weaknesses in California and is an internationally published writer and of the stranger danger message, because the author. This article is from his forthcoming book, Smart Parents, Safe Kids: Protecting Children from Predators, child thinks a person who knows them isn’t a published by Parenting Press. He’s also the author of The stranger and therefore must be okay. Art of Seduction: Interview and Interrogation Techniques Dialogue: rapport through identification to Solve Any Crime and Desperate Dialogue: Props: name recognition Understanding Threats, Intimidation, and Violence. Scenes: shopping centres, theme parks, parks

Script: inducement Involves using candy, gifts, money and similar items to effectively bribe the child, making them feel, over time, special and connected to the predator. The objective is to use the gifts to make the child feel obligated to do something in return. This approach is also used as a short- term strategy to induce children into vehicles or to a secondary location. Dialogue: gift seduction and the creation of in- debtedness Props: candy, money, gifts Scenes: street settings, theme parks (short-term), predator’s home or workplace, victim’s home

Script: pornography As with drugs, this approach is often applied later in a predator-victim relationship, again typically to test the level of the relationship to see if the child is ready to move on to the next phase of victimization. Predators commonly show explicit photographs or videos to poten- tial victims, often using humour as a means to introduce the material. The successful use of pornography also aids in the testing and even- tual establishment of secrecy. Dialogue: secrecy Props: videos, photographs, etc. Scenes: social settings, predator’s home or workplace

Script: threats More commonly used later in predator-victim relationships, though not always, and typically when a predator feels they have no other re-

OctoberJune 2003 2003 29 Cultural program helps at-risk youth by James Ham

It’s a warm, sunny, mid- week afternoon and many people are outside enjoy- ing their yards, sipping beverages on a patio or heading to the park to soak up some sun. Not Winnipeg Police Service (WPS) constables Ken Anderson, Bonnie Emerson and Janet Dykstra though — they’re hosting a cultural awareness program for kids 8 to 13 at the Lord Selkirk Housing Development drop-in centre. It’s a program that brings a little extra sun- shine to this community, the kids involved and the officers who run it. “It’s a good chance to get to know the kids in the area and for them to get know us,” says Anderson, who leads the boys group with the help of two other community volunteers. “Hopefully we can help them with a little encouragement and inspiration along the way.” Established in April, 2002 with the support of WPS, child and family services and the com- munity, the program provides role models for ‘at-risk’ youth and a much needed support group in one of Winnipeg’s tougher neighbour- Ken Anderson (top), Janet Dykstra hoods, troubled with high crime rates, juvenile (left) and Bonnie Emerson, along prostitution and increased street gang activity. with Jeff Richard of the family It’s a huge undertaking, and the officers resource centre, with children in the work in partnership with Maria McDougall of program. child & family services and Dan Trottier of the Lord Selkirk Aboriginal Women’s Group to ceremonies and formed a drum group keep the program moving forward. which has performed in and around Children were selected to participate by the area, including alongside some of school guidance counselors and almost all Winnipeg’s top cultural performers at come from high-risk backgrounds, says the Aboriginal & Diversity Law En- Emerson, who leads the girls program with forcement Conference. Dykstra. “You have to talk to kids and cre- “They see things no one else will ever see. ate a link,” says Wallace Lacquette, president Adds Anderson, “we get to see a lot of posi- Some live right on the low tracks and this is an of the housing development. tive changes. As one board member told us, opportunity to talk to them about dealing with “That’s exactly what child and family serv- ‘things will stick. They will always remember these problems.” ices and Winnipeg Police are doing here and it your teachings. They’re learning their roots and The group meets at least once a week and has been very good for our community. They’ve that will always stick with them. It’s not just participates in traditional Aboriginal cultural had quite an impact. Vandalism is down and about building drums and performing. It’s the teachings, sports-related activities and field trips this program has had a lot to do with it. They’ve confidence these kids will build inside that to cultural ceremonies in and around Winnipeg. got these kids interested in doing something matters most.’” “There were a lot of complaints about the positive; something different. I applaud them The aims of the program are to: kids in the neighbourhood. The adults felt they for keeping it up and not backing away from • decrease the risk of gang/criminal involvement weren’t getting any respect from them and there volunteering. I wish more people would get for high-risk children in high-risk areas by pro- wasn’t much for the kids to do,” says Anderson, involved like this.” moting cultural awareness and identity who is the area’s beat officer. “For this program to work, it has to work • offer a healthy, safe alternative that may not The program helps the kids learn about their in concert with the community and we are be readily accessible to inner-city children culture and learn to stay out of trouble. partnering alongside them,” says Anderson. • build self-esteem and confidence through “Many of these kids have already had con- Police can’t be involved in everything but this positive experiences and opportunity tact with the police and it hasn’t always been is unique enough and specific enough to this • develop resiliency by creating opportunities under positive circumstances,” says Emerson. area that it works.” for success through inner strengths and outer “This program gives them a chance to come While the program is certainly not within supports and talk to us on a less formal basis and ask the normal parameters of traditional police work • provide positive role modeling, support and questions they probably would not otherwise (some of the work is done on police time, the guidance in a non-judgmental, non-confron- ask. They get to see us in a positive light and rest on personal time), it’s an extra effort that tational setting they get to see us as people.” the officers have no regrets about offering. • involve family and the community whenever The program has proven very popular “It’s not an obligation; it’s an honour to see possible among the youngsters and the community has these kids grow,” says Emerson. “We’re get- taken notice. ting kids involved in their own culture. It’s great James Ham is with the WPS Public Affairs Unit. He can be The kids have been active at sweat lodge to be able to help them find their way.” reached at [email protected] or 204-986-7357.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 30 Pot suspects impersonate police by Les Linder pects in an attempt to identify them- selves. Officers didn’t know who owns The Ontario Provincial Police ar- the rural property but suspect a large rested and charged six men after they organized crime group was involved. tried passing themselves off as police of- “This just goes to show that crimi- ficers to members of the drug enforce- nals are becoming more daring in what ment and emergency response units at a they are willing to do to try and get their marijuana grow operation in September. way,” Schendera said. He added that Police received information about while the badge and other equipment the location of the operation in worn by the men would have been con- Kawartha Lakes, near Peterborough, vincing enough to fool most citizens, and officers from both units went to in- he doubts they initially intended to ac- vestigate and set up surveillance. tually fool police with it. Shortly after they arrived a cube van “When (the suspects) arrived, they pulled up and six men stepped out; they weren’t expecting police to be there. were dressed as police officers, wore Their intention was to use the fake body armour and were armed with handguns older-style vests and was worn in external and equipment to fool any curious members of the and a .30 calibre rifle. internal carriers. public — I doubt they would have carried out “Our officers were a little confused to see The men began cutting and were in the their plan if they knew police would have been these other ‘officers’ since no other officers were process of harvesting the plants when they were there beforehand.” expected to arrive,” said Cst. Ted Schendera from arrested. Although they surrendered quickly Schendera did not know if any of the six the Kawartha Lakes OPP detachment. and there were no shots fired, Schendera said men had a history in private security or law en- The clothing worn by the men — the situation was tense and could have esca- forcement, but added it would be investigated. windbreaker jackets with clearly marked white lated into a gunfight. Several minutes went by Charged with several drug and weapons letters across the back that read ‘Police’ — before police made the arrests. charges, including impersonate peace officer, wasn’t OPP issue, he said, nor did it have any- An estimated $18 million worth of marijuana possession of a firearm without a licence, pro- thing to indicate the officers were OPP. was seized at the outdoor grow operation. ducing a controlled substance and producing “One of the men had an extendable baton, Police were not sure where the armour, a substance for the purpose of trafficking are a fake badge — which did not even come close weapons and other paraphernalia came from, a 50-year-old Port Perry man and his 26 and to resembling an OPP badge — and black tac- saying that was part of their ongoing investi- 29 year old sons, a 30-year-old Oshawa man, tical pants,” he said. gation. The fake badge was found after the ar- a 27-year-old Port Perry man and a 28-year- The body armour resembled the OPP’s rests were made and wasn’t used by the sus- old Uxbridge man.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 31 The Crime Prevention Academy A simple idea that’s revolutionizing crime prevention by Tom McKay Crime prevention offic- ers are generally greeted with all the enthusiasm people extend to travel- ling salespeople — who, by the way, we advise peo- ple to be wary of! Most of us deliver our message through superfi- cial, topic specific methods — pamphlets, fact sheets and news releases — which are unlikely to attract real interest; not surprisingly, people are quick to pass us by. The stigma of the subject is so great that one asso- ciation even removed ‘crime prevention’ from its name. Police forces have tried to attract interest by holding citizen police academies, which are very popular and teach tactics and other ‘use- ful’ subjects, such as how to conduct building searches. When asked about benefits, one US officer said program graduates would know an officer can’t just shoot the weapon out of a cul- prit’s hands — useful if a police shooting goes to trial and they’re on the jury. What if a course could capture the same public interest but teach ‘need to know’ rather than ‘nice to know’ information, I wondered to be aware of when buying a used car. The counts towards teacher recertification. A video — the basic things people need to keep them- non-traditional instruction helps avoid crime and civilian trainers are being developed to selves, their family and property safe, the opportunities and addresses problems that help promote and deliver the course and, in crime prevention equivalent to a St. John would otherwise tie up police resources and/or the process, ultimately help the academy reach Ambulance course. potentially cause a hazardous situation. its full potential. The public generally only learns about crime Each student receives a complimentary prevention through the school of hard knocks binder with space for notes that contains 293 Measuring results and even then, there’s no guarantee they won’t Power Point slides and a variety of course re- Participants are given three opportunities to be victimized again. The original lesson usually sources. Those who attend all sessions are pre- provide feedback — a pre and post test, lifestyle teaches them nothing about being a repeat vic- sented with certificates of completion signed and victimization survey and course survey. The tim or anticipating a different means of attack. by the chief. To date the CPA has delivered al- first two classes improved by 19 to 25 on their most 5,000 hours of training to Peel residents. post test and 86 per cent of students said they Objectives felt safer and changed their practices as a result The Crime Prevention Academy (CPA) we Academy potential of what they learned. In one notable instance, a developed was designed to meet external and The academy is an exceptionally versatile participant brought instructors a three-eighths internal objectives, including: concept and waiting lists are routine. The inch screw he’d removed from the strike plate • filling a large gap in crime prevention training Neighbourhood Watch Academy, an adaptation of his door after checking to see if it met the • supporting and empowering victims of crime of the program, has already been developed as three and a half inch length recommendation • positively affecting the public’s perception part of a Mississauga Crime Prevention Asso- made the week before. of PRP ciation youth outreach program. Designed to Post academy victimization surveys are • motivating people to permanently adjust their invigorate Neighbourhood Watch by attracting presently being developed to measure the long behaviour by developing good crime preven- youth, it presents those topics most relevant to term benefits. tion habits Neighbourhood Watch first in a fun, more youth • introducing the Crime Prevention Associations oriented fashion. Learning challenges, which Survey comments and results to a pool of potential, well-trained volunteers get the youth involved in demonstrating activi- Comments on the course are routinely fa- • creating a multiplier effect by disseminating ties that often occur before a crime is about to vourable. Here’s a sample: the information to the participants’ families take place, replace some of the Power Point • Great job and their community presentations. • I really looked forward to coming to every A copyrighted program, the CPA offers 15 The program has already helped develop a session hours of training in a proper night school set- significant rapport between police, youth and • Terrific course ting over six weeks and is open to residents and Neighbourhood Watch participants through a • I feel more confident, less naive and enjoyed people working in Peel Region 16 years old and bonding process that develops with the present- coming out every week over. The fact that participants have to travel to ers. This has often resulted in participants alert- • Excellent! I really learned a lot, do more it demonstrates a commitment. ing police to ongoing problems and officers be- things different and am also more aware of Topics covered include the basics (crime, ing perceived by teens and others as much more my surroundings prevention and police communications), a range positive role models. • I have already recommended the course to of traditional topics and such non-traditional The academy can also be delivered to busi- several people and shared a lot of the infor- topics as preventing breakdowns, motor vehi- nesses, schools, service clubs and the like and mation I learned cle collisions and how to prevent them, tow- is currently being registered with the Ontario In response to many requests, the course trucks at accident scenes, road rage and things College of Teachers as a credit course that was extended an additional week. {Unex-

OctoberJune 2003 2003 32 pected benefits} fided that she felt desolate after the break-in Unexpected benefits included the develop- and had difficulty dealing with a sense of vio- ment of new fact sheets, which occurred after a lation. She said the academy taught her how critical self-examination of current crime pre- she could safeguard herself from becoming a vention material. These include Accessing Po- victim and that the course was better than any lice and Community Resources, Dealing with counselling because it was pro-active. Common Neighbourhood Problems, Crime Pre- The CPA resonates with the public and is vention Basics and Road Rage and are avail- an easy ‘sell’ that’s exceedingly popular, de- able at http://www.peelpolice.on.ca/ spite very little advertising. It has energized, crimeprevention/factsheets.html motivated and empowered people and gradu- Developing the CPA has also reduced the ates routinely look for ways to stay involved, time crime prevention officers spend on the regularly ask what’s next and are best described phone answering security related questions. as crime prevention converts. The CPA is They can now refer people to the academy, permanently changing the way crime preven- which better serves the public and reduces the tion is being delivered in Peel. It’s a revolu- need for time consuming, one on one security tionary force that has caused a resurgence of consultations. interest in crime prevention and Neighbourhood In one noteworthy example, a woman Watch, and will only grow as trainers are de- wanted to know the best way to safeguard her veloped and innovations explored. home after a break-in. It soon became apparent this wasn’t the only crime related problem she’d For more information about developing a Crime Prevention experienced and she was referred to the CPA. Academy program, contact Peel Regional Police at 905- Near the end of the course, the woman con- 453-2121, x4025. Second Chance body armour upgrade Second Chance Body Armor is upgrading The voluntary upgrade program was an- or replacing its Zylon-based Ultima and nounced following a series of tests performed Ultimax protective vests because they’re wear- by Second Chance that indicated the Zylon-based ing out faster than expected, presenting a po- vests wear out more rapidly than expected. tential officer safety issue. “We want to apologize for any inconven- The custom-made vests are worn by thou- ience incurred by our customers, but we felt this sands of police officers. Users can choose a free is the right thing to do and we want to carry this upgrade to their current vest — additional pads program out as quickly as possible,” said Paul which can be inserted in minutes by the user Banducci, president of Second Chance. “We and ensure performance through the warranty have always stood behind the quality of our prod- period — or a significant discount on a new ucts and we will continue to do just that.” Monarch Summit vest. Owners or agencies are asked to go to the company’s web site (www.secondchance.com) or call the customer service department at 1- 888-844-5721 with their vest serial number so that manufacture of the custom-made pads or replacement vest can begin. Questions should be directed to [email protected]. Montreal weapons cache seized Police seized a cache of weapons in August during raids that netted more than 200 items, including Japa- nese martial-arts weapons and two Taser weapons. The men, aged 39 and 66, face multiple counts of possession and traf- ficking of prohibited weapons. The seizures and arrests follow an investigation that in- cluded an undercover agent posing as a weapons buyer, said Laval police spokesman Andre St-Jacques. The undercover agent pur- chased two Tasers for about $325 each. Po- lice moved in shortly afterward, said St- Jacques. The seized also included ninja stars, brass knuckles, long blades concealed within canes and a crossbow that can be fired one-handed. The seizures were made at an army surplus booth at a Laval flea market and at an army surplus store in Mon- treal’s west end.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 33 “I need a NEW shift pattern” A cautionary tale by Carl Mason four staff or four blocks of two, so abstractions can be managed in advance as duties change. The duty roster or shift pattern is the final This allows managers to consider staff welfare piece in a resource management strategy, link- without unfairly penalizing other officers (the ing demand and workload, force and area/de- numbers refer to the length of the shift; ‘D’ partmental goals and targets, staff, unions and means Days, ‘L’ - Lates, ‘N’ - Nights and ‘R’ is representative bodies, consultation and all the a rest day. Another way some managers seek to de- legal and advisory elements of managing work- sign shifts is to roster seven con- ing time. secutive eight hour duties, al- Most police forces begin the process by though there’s little evidence po- designing a roster and then ‘fit’ staffing levels, licing requires such a rigid, in- goals, etc. around it. Inevitably, conflict occurs, flexible shift pattern (example the ‘new’ roster is unsuitable and the process below). The number of consecu- begins all over again. tive duties is also an issue; re- search indicates absences in- crease with the number of days worked per cycle. An alternative is to put together large num- bers of staff with common goals; many urban response sections operate in this fashion.

The first priority for managers drawing up rosters should be to develop a demand profile based on known or anticipated workload. Gen- erally staff’s first priority is to ensure a pattern This roster has some major failings not based on their perceived welfare needs. In an Variations in this roster are provided shared by modern roster design: ideal world, both would be equally important through a variable shift agreement. Support staff • seven consecutive days on duty but in the real world, one or the other wins. may not operate under the same conditions of • a floating rest day (the cycle creates a 42 hour Beginning with patrol demand function, service as sworn officers and local conditions work week so staff contracted for 40 hour many forces merely count calls for service, but of service would have to apply in most cases. weeks are owed a day off every four weeks a more accurate model would be to examine Many police officers have mistakenly assumed • Anecdotal evidence indicates police manag- actual deployments, as many calls don’t require support staff can manipulate their hours, often ers are often unable to manage this effectively, a patrol to attend. Most patrol officers will ac- with costly outcomes. leading to shortfalls and increased overtime cept this, provided the profile is accurate. payments). Once an accurate, relevant profile is • equal staffing across the day, regardless agreed on, the number of staff required to of demand meet the demand within expected targets • high levels of fatigue and a tendency to should be considered. This will become create ‘short changes’ (i.e. eight hours be- even more relevant when requests for flex- tween duties from lates to days) ibility are made; part-time entitlements or Duty rosters depend on staffing levels the need to deploy to other commitments and robust abstraction management; with- or effectively utilize restricted/light duties out sufficient staff, there’s no way a par- personnel, for example. ticular roster can work effectively. Although The reason is simple; managers and staff this may seem patently obvious, it’s surpris- have to work together to develop flexible ing how many employers believe they can rosters or meet short notice commitments to en- reduce staffing but keep a popular roster. sure work is distributed fairly and that neither full- Eight hour duties over a 40-hour working Equally, many staff complain that there time nor flexible staff are penalized if one roster week are notoriously difficult to fit within good aren’t enough people working when the roster, is less effective than another. practice advice for roster design. They’re also by reducing cover at times of peak demand, Once this has been calculated and properly largely inefficient because they tend to have no actually creates that very situation! You can’t risk-assessed as reasonable and realistic, it re- overlap — staffing remains the same across the have it both ways — someone has to work the mains for managers to develop the duty roster day, even though demand may increase by as unpopular shifts. itself. There should be consultation, even if it’s much as 50 per cent in the afternoon. The same It’s not the shift pattern but the number of only with representative bodies such as unions, inefficiencies apply to 12 hour shifts. hours each employee can work per day that before shift patterns are developed. The working time regulations in Europe put meets organisational demand and permits ef- The roster may be based on large groups of legal weight behind ergonomic good practice. fective resource allocation. The ‘best’ patterns staff or just one individual and each must ad- Below is an attempt to roster pure eight hour meet demand and also manage staff needs. Poor here to health and safety and other legislation duties without breaching regulations requiring duty rosters actually create a culture of absen- and agreed conditions of service — it’s only fair one 24 hour period of rest every seven days (in teeism; as the saying goes, “it’s all very well to try to ensure that it meets demand as well! addition to the 11 hour period of rest between having a day off at short notice, but what about Duty rosters aren’t the only solution. It may duties). The downside — only one weekend off those left behind?” be more appropriate to develop individual duty every six weeks — may be problematic when This is the first of a series of articles on the subject of shift patterns for small groups of staff, as follows. attempting to show a work/life balance and may work scheduling. Next month Mason, an officer with the Here, the office has a roster for eight staff, rather well lead to more absenteeism. Clearly the bal- Metropolitan London Police Force, looks at 12 hour shifts. than a system where there are two ‘blocks’ of ance hasn’t been struck here. He can be reached at [email protected]

OctoberJune 2003 2003 34 Signs of an impending hard drive crash by Reid Goldsborough they’re good. In an organizational setting, this often If you’ve worked with computers for any means contacting your IT department to in- length of time, you’ve undoubtedly heard the stall a replacement hard drive. In a home of- warnings and the recommendations. fice or at home, you can have a local compu- Data stored on PCs can disappear in a ter repair shop do this for you or if you’re nanosecond and you need to back up any- handy, you can do it yourself. thing that you can’t risk losing. Ideally, you New hard drives continue to expand in should store at least one set of crucial back- capacity while decreasing in price per stor- up data off-site in case of a fire, flood or other age unit. Today’s drives typically range in natural disaster. capacity from 80 to 160 gigabytes and cost Hard drive failure accounts for about 65 from $100 to $300. percent of data loss, according to Bill After the new drive is installed, you’ll Margeson, president of CBL Data Recovery have to reinstall and reconfigure your soft- Technologies. ware if you backed up just your data, and To further protect yourself, there are restore your data from the backup media. ways to tell if you’re about to experience a cause may be software related and the problem A faster way to get back on track involves hard disk crash and to recover from one your- correctable. Run the scan disk utility that comes a hard-drive technology known as RAID, self, data intact. with Windows. which stands for Redundant Arrays of Inde- Sometimes you can tell that a hard drive is In XP or 2000, open My Computer, right- pendent Disks. With some RAID setups, you about to fail by the sound it makes. If you be- click on your hard drive, select properties,. then can replace a failed hard drive without even gin to hear a high-pitched whining, this could tools, and click on check now. Check both auto- turning off the computer. mean that your drive’s bearings are on their last matically fix file system errors and scan for and RAID is typically used with the server com- legs. You should immediately back up any cru- attempt to fix bad sectors. If you’re running Me puters that feed programs and data to the mul- cial data. or 98, click start, programs, accessories, system tiple PCs of local area networks but it can also If you hear a grinding sound, the drive’s tools and scan disk, then check thorough. be used with a stand-alone PC. With RAID level heads are likely scraping across the platters in- If scan disk reports that your hard disk has one, whenever you store data onto your main stead of floating just above them. Shut off your more than a few bad physical sectors, this may hard drive the controller card or chip mirrors it computer immediately because each scrape indicate that it’s failing. Immediately back up onto a second drive. could mean more lost data. anything crucial that hasn’t already been Fortunately, despite the sometimes cata- If all you hear are clicking sounds, you may backed up. strophic failures of hard drives, they’re gener- not be able to access the data on your drive, or Third-party software utilities such as ally reliable and have only a two per cent failure if you are, some of it may already be gone. Symantec’s SystemWorks and VCOM’s rate, according to Margeson. You’ll likely out- Other times a hard drive will warn you of SystemSuite include tools that can monitor grow your current PC before one crashes on you. impending disaster more subtly. You may not the internal diagnostic capabilities of newer Still, it’s good to be prepared, just in case. be able to find a file you know is on your disk, hard drives — another way to check for loom- Reid Goldsborough is a syndicated columnist and author save a document you’re working on, move a ing problems. of the book Straight Talk About the Information file to a different location — or the name of a If your hard drive does fail, all you’ll Superhighway. He can be reached at file may suddenly include strange characters. typically lose is time, provided you’ve made [email protected] or http://www.netaxs.com/ If you encounter any of these problems, the recent backups and tested them to ensure ~reidgold/column.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 35 Web site helps nab counterfeiters by Danette Dooley rences, but they’re now checking them out on ing them a quick way to verify bills are bogus, the web site.” which can help lead to an arrest. Halifax residents and Less than one per cent of the “If they had a suspect in cus- merchants can learn $35 billion in circulation at any tody and they knew what the whether their currency is one time is known to be serial numbers and the de- counterfeit simply by head- counterfeit, according to nominations of the bills ing to the ‘Fraud Alert’ sec- the Bank of Canada, were, they could log tion of the Halifax Re- which notes that the onto our web site gional Police (HRP) web average person has and see if they were site. only about a one in already on our sys- “If someone has a bill that they think could 10,000 chance of tem and likely be suspect, they can go to the web site and en- ever getting a passed within the ter the serial number,” explains HRP Det/Cst counterfeit bill. Halifax Regional Dana Drover of the forces’ Financial Crime However, if Police jurisdic- Section. The number is checked against a list you’re that un- tion.” of known bad bills circulating in the munici- lucky person, you Such coopera- pality and “if they get a hit back, they know it’s are stuck with use- tion between po- counterfeit... or they can print off a custom re- less bills. lice agencies could port or a hot sheet once or twice a week and Drover has show a suspect has keep it by their cash (register).” partnered with the bank passed bogus bills in ju- Fraud Alert, which also shows people how and included a link to it so risdictions other the one to spot fake bills, has been a great resource for that visitors can “see a com- they were arrested in, Dover businesses, financial institutions and the pub- plete on-line presentation about says, who would like to see the lic, he says. genuine currency, how it’s manufactured idea expanded to other areas. “I’m getting some very encouraging feed- and its security features.” “So, while I may not have had a suspect, back as I visit the community. Unfortunately, Fraud Alert is also a great resource for other they may have someone in custody and then many businesses get hit on multiple occur- police agencies in the province, he notes, giv- we can share the intelligence – who they had in custody, what bills they had, who they’re with, vehicle information and so on.” Secret Service seminar The largest seizure in HRP history occurred in July when two Ontario men were arrested in by Danette Dooley a Halifax nightclub after passing several hun- Drover recently participated in a coun- President McKinley was assassinated in dred dollars in counterfeit $50 bills. A subse- terfeit detection seminar at the Buffalo in 1901, it was given the quent investigation and search netted over headquarters of the US Se- job of protecting the presi- $15,000 in fake $50s from the suspects and cret Service in Washing- dent and other dignitaries. other retailers. Drover put details on CPIC and ton. Pierre Gagne, the Se- Next on the agenda numerous police agencies responded, includ- cret Service’s Canadian li- was a complete and com- ing several from Ontario. aison officer, spoke to the prehensive look at the US Due to the excellent cooperation of Toronto Halifax Regional Fraud money making process, in- and Durham Regional Police, evidence from Association in May. He cluding paper formulation, searches in Halifax led to a computer, printers was impressed with what ink manufacture and print- and embossing equipment being seized at the he saw and arranged a seat ing. The Bureau of En- home of one suspect. for HRP at the seminar. graving and Printing produces about $900 bil- Drover meticulously details information “This seminar is put on four to six times lion annually, Drover says. About 850 billion about bogus bills seized by the force. a year and only eight participants per session in circulation and 70 per cent of that is out- “I enter the denomination, serial and oc- are invited,” Drover notes. side the continental US. currence numbers — I have that on my work- The course is coordinated by Jim Brown, Participants were granted privileged ac- ing list. Everything is colour coded so if I have a retired 35-year veteran of the Service’s cess to the bureau and saw first hand the proc- a multiple occurrence of the same bill and de- Counterfeit Division whose scientific and in- ess of plate engraving and money making and nomination, I can reference that to a secondary vestigative expertise took him to every ma- taught about counterfeit production using off- list and tell if that bill has been passed before.” jor continent during his career. set printing and photoengraving. They spent When the information goes to the second “The attendees were from all over the two days in the classroom examining both report, it’s entered on the web site. Reports are world, particularly where the US dollar cir- genuine and counterfeit notes to help distin- organized by months “so if a bill gets passed in culates with the native currency and counter- guish microscopic security features. Newfoundland in March and also gets passed feiting is problematic. This class included two The Secret Service investigates a wide va- in Nova Scotia in March, we can see that it was people from Germany, two from Lithuania, riety of financial crimes and other counterfeit passed in both jurisdictions. Again, by sharing one from Thailand, one from Italy and two activities including forgeries, handwriting information, the officer that has the query can from Canada,” Drover says. analysis and credit card frauds, says Drover. send an e-mail to me and I can get back to them The five day course started with a short “They are available as a resource to any to see if they have a suspect (or visa versa).” history on the Secret Service, which began police agency that requires their assistance Drover says there are in excess of 1,000 in 1875 to combat the huge counterfeit prob- in serious financial crimes and will gladly counterfeit bills in the database and that number lem plaguing the country at that time. There make their personnel available as a resource is growing rapidly as more people find out about was no standard currency — every state should they require special expertise.” this unique service. printed its own — and counterfeiting was Drover welcomes queries from col- rampant. The service suppressed much of the leagues across the country on the security fea- Drover can be reached at [email protected] problem by the turn of the century. When tures of US or Canadian currency. — Danette Dooley can be contacted at [email protected].

OctoberJune 2003 2003 36 Powering down saves money be turned on with a remote control constantly seconds or so. consume several watts of power and are often Computers themselves can also be set up by Tom Rataj overlooked in home and office energy audits. to go into one of several sleep modes, during Scanners, printers and other peripherals which components such as the hard-drive, proc- Computers and office equipment can be have no power switches and are activated by a essor and video cards are turned off. incredibly efficient and effective, automating software command. They also draw several Computers and printers in private offices, mundane and repetitive tasks and boosting pro- watts during sleep mode, as do high-speed which will not be used outside of business hours, ductivity, quality and accuracy — but they can Internet modems, Ethernet hubs and routers should be turned off completely at the end of the also increase power bills. which are often left on 24/7. This can add an- business day. Again, contrary to popular belief, While computers and their various periph- other 40 or 50 watts to your power usage, even turning them off doesn’t damage them and will erals don’t take a lot of juice, a whole office full if the devices are rarely used. actually lengthen their life span. of equipment can quickly add up. Cathode-ray Connecting a number of devices to a sin- tube (CRT) computer monitors, laser printers and Strategies gle power-bar, especially those ‘leaky’ power photocopy machines take the most power. Implementing all of the power saving fea- users, and turning the power bar off during over- Some office machines also generate signifi- tures can save a significant amount of energy, night and weekend hours will, over the course cant amounts of heat, requiring fans to keep them both directly and indirectly. of a year, save substantial amounts of energy. cool and noticeably heating up the rooms they’re Flat-panel liquid crystal display (LCD) All new equipment purchased or leased in. That increases demands on the air condition- monitors are significantly more energy efficient should be Energy Star complaint and all power ing system, also boosting the electric bill. — a 17" LCD typically uses only 30 watts -- saving features should be implemented. There are things you can do to greatly re- and just five watts on standby -- and generates duce power use and waste in the office (and considerably less heat. They’re more expen- Conclusion home), while still taking full advantage of all sive but lower energy usage actually makes Despite the many advantages offered by this electronic equipment. them the cheaper alternative. modern office equipment, the price of running Watts Contrary to common belief, screen savers them can be quite high, especially in larger cor- Understanding how much power equipment don’t save any energy because the monitor is porate settings. uses, how costly it is to run and how much you still fully on. They only prevent static images Being aware and taking advantage of en- can save requires some simple math. Power from being burned into the picture tube. ergy saving strategies and processes can save a consumption is measured in ‘watt-hours.’ To Dependant on the actual usage of a par- substantial amount of money, both in equipment calculate cost, use the simple formula watts x ticular computer, the monitor, regardless of operation and associated expenses such as air hours x kWh rate divided by 1000. type, should be set up to switch to sleep mode conditioning. Reducing energy consumption A typical desktop computer with a 17" after 10-15 minutes of inactivity. Pressing any can also free up money in corporate budgets. key on the computer keyboard or moving the CRT monitor draws about 150 watts. Assum- You can reach Tom Rataj at [email protected]. ing the computer is on and used for 40 hours mouse returns it to full brightness within 10 per week, it would cost about 25 cents weekly or $13 a year to run, using the current Ontario kWh rate of 4.3 cents. While this may not seem like much, the cost of a whole office full of computers soon adds up. Many businesses leave most, if not all of their computers running all the time, with few if any power saving features enabled. Leaving our sample machine on all year with no power saving features activated would cost $56 a year, more than four times more. Expanding this example to 100 comput- ers really adds up -- $1342 a year if they’re on 40 hours a week and $5650 if they’re never turned off — and figure on at least another $1,000 if printers, scanners and other periph- eral equipment is left on. Standby You can also save money by using all the power saving processes. Since the CRT moni- tor generally used the most power, this is the place to start. Virtually every monitor is now Energy Star compliant and can automatically switch to a standby or sleep mode when idle for a user definable period of inactivity — but you do have to turn this feature on. A typical 17" monitor consumes about 100 watts of power while being used but only 15 watts or less in standby mode — and emits a lot less heat too. Printers and photocopiers can also use a lot of juice even when idle, but will often drop to the 15 watt threshold when set up to automatically switch to standby mode.

Energy leaks TVs, VCRs and most other devices that can

OctoberJune 2003 2003 37 TurtleSkin duty glove Cross patching system Emergency response software

Warwick Mills have introduced a new line of duty gloves designed to protect law enforce- ment and corrections officers from the daily PEAC-WMD 2002 for the Pocket PC predicts threat of cuts and punctures. The patented a Protection Action Distance (PAD) using an TurtleSkin material is made using the tightest Telex Communications, Inc. introduces the intuitive interface that makes the entry of inci- weave ever constructed, the company says, with new VIPER (VEGA Interoperability Portable dent conditions easy to specify. The PEAC- high-strength ballistic fibers and it’s as thin as Emergency Response) unit, which provides a WMD 2002 algorithms take into account: time three sheets of paper. The TurtleSkin material means of cross patching up to sixteen radio sys- of year, time of day, geographical location, wind is built into the leather palm and finger wraps tems together using the Model IP-223 adapter speed, air temperature, cloud cover, terrain sur- of the glove, while the remainder of the glove panels, a hub and interconnecting cables. The face features, container size and type of source is made with a stretch knit material and a Velcro VIPER can be used with the Vega C-6200 or (pipe/hole, rupture or BLEVE). The displayed strap at the wrist. The gloves are machine wash- C-Soft console or remotely put into a patch by PAD is calculated using the IDLH as the de- able and come in sizes XS-XXL. initiating a DTMF address. fault Level of Concern (LOC). New defibrillator Hybrid electric bicycle Gore-tex defender boot

Electric Vehicle Technologies, Inc. has devel- oped Elite Government Series hybrid electric bicycles. The company says they can improve Medtronic of Canada Ltd. announces the response time, enhance community policing Atlantic Police & Security Supply Ltd. are launch of its toughest defibrillator to date, the efforts and reduce patrol costs for public safety pleased to offer the Bates model #2139 Gore- LIFEPAK 500 DPS (Defibrillator - Public forces at all levels. The bikes supplement pedal tex Defender Boot. This leather/cordura boot Safety) designed for the officer responding to power with EVT’s patented, maintenance-free features a rugged, welted construction along a sudden cardiac arrest. With a charcoal black DC direct drive motor that carries an individual with the Bates comfort guarantee. The boot is finish and no reflective surfaces, the 500 DPS 30 miles at speeds up to 25 mph before recharg- waterproof and breathable and is available in is the AED with the officer’s safety in mind. ing is needed. two widths in sizes 5 - 15. 3 point tactical sling New clotting agent Portable drug test

Zee Medical has introduced its QRTM (Quick Relief) products, a new revolutionary one-step, CQB Solutions claim to have designed a sling complete treatment for bleeding wounds and that not only stands up to the toughest punish- minor surgical procedures. Clinical results show Diagnostix introduces RapiScan, a new rapid ment but is so soft and flexible that it will not it can stop bleeding in less than one minute from point of care device for substance abuse detec- abrade the skin. The sling incorporates derlin all lacerations, cuts, abrasions, punctures and tion using oral fluid. The unit was designed for hardware, hook and loop fasteners and heavy- even nosebleeds in 96% of cases. QRTM prod- initial precinct or roadside (RIDE) screening, duty webbing made from #69 Mil-spec thread ucts are completely safe & hypoallergenic for giving the operator results in just a few min- for extended usability and life span. Models of adults and children, the company says, and are utes. Tests available for the unit include THC, the sling fit most rifles, shotguns and SMG’s proven by an independent FDA registered toxi- cocaine, opiates, amphetamine and as well as most variant configurations. cology laboratory. benzodiazepine.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 38 Oct. 15 - 17, 2003 on his ’10 Principles of Leadership;’ biased policing; presented by the [email protected] or OPP Abuse Issues Seminar recently retired NYPD officer Gus IACP, OACP, Toronto Police 705-497-5555, x567. London, ON Ceccini, who worked in the Ground Service and ON Ministry of Public A comprehensive, three-day Zero command centre, speaking Safety and Security for command/ Jan. 18 - 24, 2004 training seminar hosted by the OPP about managing in a crisis and senior officers and police board Canadian Police Alpine Games Western Region Abuse Issues several other dynamic speakers members. Visit www.oacp.on.ca to Silverstar Mountain, Vernon, BC Investigation Unit. Includes addressing ethics in policing, best register or contact Cst. Jim Lawson Ski and snowboard races for all domestic violence, child abuse, leadership practices, discipline and at [email protected] levels of abilities. Families welcome. sexual deviance, forensic managing the work environment, or 416-808-7760 for more Contact: [email protected], odontology, domestic homicides, EAP and personal wellness. Visit information. [email protected] child deaths and current victims http://www.nrps.com or call Lianne or 604-717-3092. issues. Contact: A/D/Sgt. Kelly Daley at 905-688-4111, x5190. Dec. 2 - 5, 2003 Wood at [email protected] Restricted to police, civilian, Reid Technique Seminars or 519-352-1122. customs and corrections supervisors. North Bay, ON Collector Shows Three-day regular and one-day Oct. 19 - 21, 2003 Nov. 6 - 8, 2003 advanced seminars on the Reid October 26, 2003 9th Annual Crisis Negotiation Policing a Diverse Community Technique of Interviewing and Royal Canadian Legion, Training Seminar Conference Interrogation, hosted by the North Rivers, MB Calgary, AB Toronto, ON Bay Police Service. Contact Chief Michael Turnbull - Features case studies of recent Dealing with allegations of racially Shelley Hampel at [email protected]. hostage/barricade situations and presentations on recent developments in the field, Cooking with the mob command/negotiation and tactical/ One of Canada’s big-name mobsters is restaurants. That’s where they liked to hang negotiation issues and strategies and publishing a cookbook. out,” Antonio Nicaso, author of 10 books on tactics. Learn from the experience Frank Cotroni, the aging kingpin of a the mob, was quoted as saying. of others in real incidents, not Calabrian crime family that once dominated There have been other mob cookbooks. training scenarios. Register online Montreal’s underworld — his family allegedly Former Gambino associate Joseph (Joe monopolized the fast food contracts at Expo Dogs) Iannuzzi combined tough-guy anec- at http://negotiatorseminar.com or ’67 — has found a publisher and says he wants dotes with recipes for veal piccata and osso contact S/Sgt Dan Mullan at to share his recipes. buco in The Mafia Cookbook in 1993; more [email protected] or Handling food is nothing new for the fam- recently, Henry Hill, the inspiration for the (403) 519-2394. ily — Cotroni’s late brother Vincenzo (Vic the movie GoodFellas, co-wrote The Wiseguy Egg), one-time godfather of a Montreal crimi- Cookbook. nal gang, always claimed to be just a “humble Cotroni is currently on statutory release Oct. 28 - 30, 2003 sausage-maker” and held a meat-packing li- after having served part of a seven-year sen- Professional Standards Seminar cence. Cotroni, 73, likes to cook, even doing tence for drug trafficking. Toronto, ON so during the many years he spent in prison, Two years ago, the National Parole his publisher, Les éditions du Trécarré, says, Board refused to grant him parole, saying he 3rd annual, hosted by Toronto and wants to be remembered for more than had made no effort to rehabilitate himself from Police Service. Includes lectures, his career in crime. a lifetime of crime. “Despite your age, family case studies and keynote The gangster approached Trécarré, a and health problems, your criminal tendencies addresses. Contact: spokesman says, to produce the book, which are at the same point as when the offence was will be an illustrated, hard cover edition committed,” the board’s 2001 ruling says. [email protected] printed on glossy paper, as a a legacy to his grandchildren. It In 1975, Cotroni was sentenced to 15 years in jail in the US or D/Sgt. Jay Frosch at 416-808- will reportedly feature Italian cuisine and French-Canadian after being convicted of conspiracy to smuggle $3-million (U.S.) 7745 or Det. Allister Field at 416- offerings such as pig trotters stew — Cotroni, the youngest worth of cocaine. When he returned to Montreal in 1979, he 808-7739. of six children, was born in Montreal. assumed a larger role in the family. His ascension was short The book could be released within months if Cotroni’s pa- lived though, since Sicilian mobsters started wresting power from role officer approves, Trécarré promises. the Calabrian families. Oct. 29 - 30, 2003 “We know he’s not an angel. We could understand some Cotroni and son Francesco were convicted of manslaugh- Leadership Conference people could find this immoral. He wants to do something posi- ter in the contract killing of drug dealer who had turned police Niagara Falls, ON tive,” a spokesman was quoted as saying. informant in 1987. In 1991, he pleaded guilty in a Connecticut Mobsters have always been associated with food, an or- court to smuggling heroin and was sentenced to six years. Hosted by the Niagara Regional PS, ganized crime experts notes. “All the mobsters like to eat. They He was freed in the fall of 1995. By April of 1996, he was ‘Lead to Succeed’ features Major like to have a good time. Many [mobster] bosses were killed in charged again with drug trafficking. General Lewis MacKenzie lecturing

OctoberJune 2003 2003 39 TEMPORARILY OUT OF STOCK

OctoberJune 2003 2003 40 Officers honoured for heroism and courage Police Chief John Quinn of the A constable who pulled a suicidal woman Lemieux and Sansfacon rain into the sec- Prince Albert police service handed from the Ottawa River was one of six police ond floor of a burning restaurant to rescue a his letter of resignation to the city’s officers honoured in August for their hero- dazed woman from her apartment while her police commission in August. Quinn and two other officers have been ism and courage. frantic daughter waited outside. Blinded by under investigation since last March Sammie Brennan, a fourth-year police of- thick smoke and with the fire burning below after Mayor Don Cody was stopped ficer in Ottawa, spotted the woman in the them, the officers found the panicked woman by police. A car had been spotted rocks at the bottom of a 30-metre cliff at the crouched on the floor with her head down. weaving down the road. Details of exactly what hap- Rideau Falls near the prime minister’s resi- Philippot and Smuttell were engaged in a pened have not been made public, but the mayor was not charged with anything by Prince Albert police. That dence last summer. gun battle with an armed man who barricaded led to suggestions of a coverup by high-ranking offic- “I could see her still floating and some- himself with a hostage in a massage parlour. ers. Cody was charged with impaired driving in April. what conscious,” Brennan was quoted as say- Both policemen were injured when the gun- His trial is set to start Jan. 13. ing as he received an award of excellence man fired three shotgun blasts through a door. from the newly formed Canadian Association Smuttell, struck with shotgun pellets in the Morris Fish, an anglophone Jew- upper left arm, shoulder and collarbone, man- ish Quebecer, a tough former de- of Professional Police. fence lawyer and a judge of his prov- He climbed down the embankment, pulled aged to retreat and helped clear bystanders ince’s court of appeal, is the newest the woman ashore and administered first aid from the scene. Philippot, bleeding from fa- member of the Supreme Court of until she could be rescued by boat. Brennan cial cuts, stayed in position for 90 minutes to Canada. Prime Minister Jean said firefighters threw down a rope which he watch the gunman until tactical officers ar- Chretien made the announcement used to tie himself to safety so the woman rived to make the arrest. in August. Fish fills the vacancy left after Justice Charles Gonthier retired and is Chretien’s couldn’t drag him into the strong current. It Akbar, 35, a member of Edmonton’s tacti- sixth Supreme Court appointment. Fish is the first seemed like a long time before the rescue boat cal team, was recognized for ending a hostage- Quebec anglophone to be named to the court in dec- arrived. The woman was later treated in hos- taking by disabling a sexual predator who was ades, and the first Jewish member of the court since pital for broken ribs and a concussion and re- holding a woman as a shield. Using his Bora Laskin stepped down as chief justice in 1984. ceived psychiatric treatment. Remington .308 sniper rifle, Akbar could see Convicted killer Robert Sand, who The police association recognized the faces of the suspect and his terrorized cap- fatally shot Manitoba RCMP Cst. Brennan at a special ceremony attended by tive. He waited for the suspect to turn his head Dennis Strongquill in December federal Solicitor General Wayne Easter and clear of the hostage and shot him in the face. 2001, was given a two-year sen- Alberta Lt.-Gov. Lois Hole. The 54-000- He said later that he had only a split sec- tence in August for two separate as- member association also honoured Montreal ond to decide whether to take the shot and saults, one in which he tried to slit was greatly relieved the hostage was un- his lawyer’s throat with a razor constables Stephan Lemieux and Martin blade. The sentence will run concur- Sansfacon, Edmonton constable Ray Akbar harmed. The suspect, who recovered in hos- rent to the life sentence he’s already and Winnipeg constables Mark Philippot and pital, pleaded guilty to sexual assault offences serving for the murder of Strongquill. There had been Daryl Smuttell. and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. concerns that the volatile Sand could erupt during the murder trial and that’s exactly what happened the day before jurors began their deliberations. When Sand lunged at his lawyer, Jason Miller, grabbing him around the throat before several sheriff’s officers were able to pull him off the attorney. A search of Sand revealed that he had a hidden razor blade. The other attack occurred a year earlier, in June 2002, when Sand was being transported from the courthouse to the Brandon Correctional Centre. Sand slipped off his waist restraint and used the chain to hit a guard in the chin in an escape attempt.

An RCMP officer whose house was torched by an arsonist has been refused home insurance because he’s considered too high a risk. Ken Turner, an ar- son investigator, lost his retirement home last Novem- ber after two fires devastated his dwelling. The first fire was caused by arson. While the house was be- ing cleaned up from the first fire, another started around the electrical panel. After the second blaze Ken and Agnes Turner were notified that their two homes would no longer be insured by Personal In- surance. The insurance company says it refused to insure the Turners because it had too many unan- swered questions about the two fires. The Canadian Judicial Council said in August that a Quebec Superior Court justice lacked concern “for the due administration of justice,” but he should not be re- moved from the bench for quitting a high-profile biker trial last year. A three-member panel of the council de- termined Justice Jean-Guy Boilard acted improperly when he cited an expression of disapproval from the council for an unrelated case as his reason for pulling out of the biker case. Boilard “acted with undue haste, guided more by his personal feelings than by an objec- tive view of the situation,” said the council’s report. Last year, Boilard made headlines when he quit the trial of 17 bikers after the council issued a letter criticizing him for the way he had blasted a lawyer in court in another case for mediocre work. The panel concluded Boilard misunderstood the meaning and scope of the initial criti- cism of his conduct.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 41

OctoberJune 2003 2003 43 In the footsteps of heroes by Al Redford was humbling. Some tombstones had the names of heroes from all Canadian regi- The Calgary Police Serv- ments; others simply read “a Canadian ice Pipe Band and Cer- soldier, known only to God.” emonial Unit took These places are quiet and peaceful, part in opening cer- immaculately cared for by local residents emonies for the Juno and veterans associations. At Holten cem- Beach Centre on June etery, Dutch school children place flow- 6, the 59th anniversary ers on each grave May 4 and a candle on of D-Day. every headstone on Christmas Eve. These The interpretive centre is built on the are places where one feels unworthy, site of the Canadian landings in Nor- small and insignificant. Everyone is quiet; mandy, which heralded the beginning of one cannot speak above a whisper, if at the liberation of Europe from the Nazi all. Services were read at each place, and regime. Its construction was a coopera- the pipes played the long lament. tive effort between the Royal Canadian Members were able to speak to many Legion, Wal-Mart Canada and the gov- veterans of the Normandy campaign who, ernments of Canada, France and Ontario. One of several stops on the Calgary Police Service (CPS) Pipe despite their age and infirmities, came The ceremony was just one stop on Band’s recent European tour was the Canadian war graves from afar to honour their fallen comrades. a two week tour of Holland, Germany cemetery at Holten in the Netherlands. Band members were Their stories of suffering and privation, and France which included memorial humbled by the sight of so many young soldiers’ graves. The lost friends, fear, blood and mayhem, told services and performances at other sites band celebrated its 30th anniversary this year. in a matter-of-fact and understated way, of Canadian and Allied military signifi- should be heard by everyone who now cance, including the Canadian war graves cem- busy time. benefits by virtue of their sacrifice. etery at Holten in the Netherlands, Common- Both civilian and sworn members worked The people of Normandy understand and wealth war graves site at Bayeux, the site of very hard to make the trip possible and doubly remember more clearly than we do. They are the massacre of the Newfoundland Regiment hard during the tour and returned home tired eternally grateful, and they show it through their at Beaumont-Hamel and the huge Canadian war but very happy they could represent their serv- kindness to Canadians. They thank us profusely; memorial at Vimy Ridge in France. ice, city, province and all western Canadians at when we leave they go back to carefully tend- They also mounted performances in Trier, this historic event. ing the hallowed ground where our soldiers, Germany, Courseulles-sur-Mer and Graye-sur- Seeing places where young Canadians, sailors and airmen rest, far from home, in the Mer in Normandy and Almelo and Isjelmuiden many no more than 18 or 19 years old, were lush green fields of France. in Holland. These engagements, along with killed and wounded in awful conditions and street parades and impromptu performances at cemeteries where matching tombstones in per- Al Redford is an inspector with the Calgary Police Service. town squares along the route made for a very fect ranks stretched as far as the eye can see

OctoberJune 2003 2003 44 OctoberJune 2003 2003 45 Are cops racist? How the war against the police harms blacks Author: Heather MacDonald fact that blacks are just 11 percent of the Ameri- making painfully clear the actual consequences Reviewed by Thomas Sowell can population, more than half the men fined of cop-bashing in the media and in politics. The for misconduct while playing professional bas- police respond to incentives, like everyone else. In much of the liberal media, ketball are black — and concluded that this If carrying out their duties in the way that large-scale confrontations be- shows the NBA to be racist. What would your gets the job done best is going to bring down tween police and people who reaction be? on their heads a chorus of media outrage that are breaking the law are usu- “Wait a minute!” you might say. “More than can threaten their whole careers, many cops ally reported in one of two half the players in the NBA are black. So that tend to back off. And who pays the price of ways. Either the police used 11 percent statistic is irrelevant.” their backing off? Mainly those blacks who are “excessive force” or they “let That is exactly what is wrong with “racial victims of the criminals in their midst. the situation get out of hand.” profiling” statistics. It is based on blacks as a Drug dealers and other violent criminals Any force sufficient to percentage of the population, rather than blacks have been the beneficiaries of reduced police prevent the situation from as a percentage of the people who do the kinds activity and of liberal judges throwing out their getting out of hand will be called “excessive.” of things that cause police to stop people and convictions because of “racial profiling.” These And if the police arrive in large enough num- question them. criminals go back to the black community — bers to squelch disorder without the need for A professor of statistics who pointed this not the affluent, suburban and often gated com- force, then sending in so many cops will be out was — all too predictably — denounced as munities where journalists, judges, and politi- called “over-reacting.” After all, with so little a “racist.” Other statisticians kept quiet for fear cians live. resistance to the police, why were so many cops of being smeared the same way. We have now necessary? Such is the mindset of the media. reached the dangerous point where ignorance Add the volatile factor of race and the me- can silence knowledge and where facts get dia will have a field day. If an incident involves squelched by beliefs. Title: The Police Manual of Arrest, Seizure & In- a white cop and a black criminal, you don’t need Heather Mac Donald also goes into facts terrogation (Eighth Edition) to know the facts to know how liberals in the involving police shootings, especially when the Author: Hon. Roger E. Salhany media will react. You can predict the words and cops are white and the suspect is black. Here Publisher: (Toronto: Carswell, 2002) the music. again, an education awaits those who are will- Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan In- ing to be educated. Reviewed by Gilles Renaud stitute does have the facts, however, in her new People in the media are forever expressing book, Are Cops Racist? Unfortunately, those surprise at how many bullets were fired in some In 1992, I had the pleasure who most need to read this book are the least of these police shootings. As someone who once of reviewing the 5th edition likely to do so. They have made up their minds taught pistol shooting in the Marine Corps, I of this excellent book by the and don’t want to be confused by facts. am not the least bit surprised. former and distinguished For the rest of us, this is a very enlighten- What surprises me is how many people, member of the Ontario Su- ing and very readable little book. Mac Donald whose ignorance of shooting is obvious, do not perior Court, R.E. Salhany first tackles the issue of “racial profiling” by let their ignorance stand in the way of reaching (refer to pages 501-503 of the police and shows what shoddy and even silly sweeping conclusions about situations that they Vol. 34 of the Criminal Law statistical methods were used to gin up hyste- have never faced. To some, it is just a question Quarterly). By way of sum- ria. Then she moves on to police shootings and of taking sides. If it is a white cop and a black mary, I remarked that Canadian peace officers other law-enforcement issues. suspect, then that is all they feel a need to know. were in the learned author’s debt for producing Suppose I were to tell you that, despite the The greatest contribution of this book is in so valuable yet such a concise book on three fundamental areas of police work. The same well-earned praise is visited upon this hand-size guide to arrest, seizure and in- terrogation, suitable not only for a jacket pocket Advanced Interactive Systems 31 Matte Industries 10 or automobile slot to permit quick reference, Artcal Graphics & Screenprinting 16 Medtronic Physio-Control 43 but also for extensive consultation at leisure. It Bellwood Health Services 23 MSA Canada 2 will prove quite useful in avoiding costly mis- Blue Line Reading Library 40 Nine-One-One Outerwear 15 takes resulting from lack of a reference tool and BlueLinks 23 Novo Technologie 11 in ensuring that the procedures selected are BMW Group 13 Northrup Grumman 48 consonant with the law. CALEA 41 Panasonic Canada 4 The book is authoritative and reflects tra- Canada Law Book 14 Patlon Aircraft Industries 44 ditional concerns while highlighting future de- Ceramic Protection Corp 47 Pelican Products 5 velopments. No obvious areas of concern are City of Prince Albert 37 Province of B.C. Police Services 18 omitted and the information is up-to-date. For Current Corp 29 Savage Range Systems 31 instance, the search of the person section (pages Dalhousie University 25 Second Chance 7 135 to 137) references the Supreme Court of Decatur Electronics 8 Tac Wear Inc. 35 Canada’s recent Golden, 47 C.R. (5th) 1 deci- Gordon Contract Shoes 19, 24 Tetragon Tasse 26 sion while pages 255 to 260 provide quite use- Henry’s 39 Toronto Police Gift Shop 39 ful guidance on the issue of memory recall. Hi-Tec Intervention 13 Triform 17 In summary, The Police Manual of Ar- Instrument Technology Inc. 27 Visa Canada Association 42 rest, Seizure & Interrogation (Eighth Edition) John E. Reid 29 Winchester Ammunition 45 is a gem. KEYper Systems 11 Westervelt College 20 Gilles Renaud is a former assistant crown attorney who Laser Labs 33 Wolverine Supplies 21 received an appointment to the Ontario Court of Justice in Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales 33 January 1995. He presides in Cornwall, Ontario, teaches in the police foundations program at St. Lawrence College and regularly writes and lectures on various aspects of police work and criminal law.

OctoberJune 2003 2003 46 OctoberJune 2003 2003 47 OctoberJune 2003 2003 48