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First Generation Mainframes First Generation Mainframes First Generation Mainframes: The IBM 700 Series By Stephen H. Kaisler First Generation Mainframes: The IBM 700 Series Series: Historical Computing Machine Series By Stephen H. Kaisler This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Stephen H. Kaisler All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0650-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0650-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures........................................................................................... viii List of Tables ............................................................................................... x Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 The IBM 700 Series Chapter One ................................................................................................. 4 IBM 701 1.1 IBM 701 System Configuration ....................................................... 9 1.2 IBM 701 Instruction Set ................................................................. 15 1.3 Speedcoding ................................................................................... 22 1.4 701 Monitor ................................................................................... 24 1.5 IBM 701 Users ............................................................................... 25 1.6 Assessment of the IBM 701 ........................................................... 26 Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 29 IBM 702 2.1 IBM 702 Data Representation ........................................................ 32 2.2 IBM 702 System Configuration ..................................................... 34 2.3 IBM 702 Automatic Supervisor ..................................................... 38 2.4 IBM 702 Applications .................................................................... 41 2.5 IBM 702 Assessment ..................................................................... 41 2.6 IBM 703 ......................................................................................... 42 Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 43 IBM 704 3.1 IBM 704 System Architecture ....................................................... 46 3.2 IBM 704 Instruction Set ................................................................. 52 3.3 GPSS .............................................................................................. 63 3.4 General Motor’s IBM 704 .............................................................. 64 3.5 IBM 704 System Software ............................................................. 65 3.6 IBM 704 Installations .................................................................... 67 3.7 IBM 704 Assessment ..................................................................... 68 vi Table of Contents Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 71 IBM 705 4.1 IBM 705 System Architecture ....................................................... 73 4.2 IBM 705 Instructions ..................................................................... 86 4.3 Simulating the 650 ......................................................................... 99 4.4 The 705 and Social Security ........................................................ 100 4.5 Assessment of the IBM 705 ......................................................... 102 Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 104 IBM 709 5.1 System Architecture ..................................................................... 107 5.2 I/O Systems .................................................................................. 107 5.3 Western Data Processing Center .................................................. 108 5.4 FORTRAN Monitor System ........................................................ 108 5.5 IBM 709 Assessment ................................................................... 110 5.6 The IBM 700 Series Assessment ................................................. 111 Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 114 FORTRAN Assembly Program 6.1 Symbolic Instructions .................................................................. 114 6.2 Assembly Types ........................................................................... 116 6.3 FAP Pseudo-Operations ............................................................... 116 6.4 FAP Assessment .......................................................................... 121 Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 123 SHARE 709 System 7.1 SHARE 709 Structure .................................................................. 124 7.2 Supervisory Control ..................................................................... 125 7.3 I/O Buffering ................................................................................ 128 7.4 SCAT ........................................................................................... 131 7.5 INTRAN ...................................................................................... 134 7.6 Internal Processing Macros .......................................................... 136 7.7 OUTRAN System ........................................................................ 139 7.8 Debugging System ....................................................................... 140 7.9 IBM 709 and NASA .................................................................... 143 7.10 SHARE 709 Assessment ............................................................ 144 First Generation Mainframes: The IBM 700 Series vii Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 146 FORTRAN 8.1 Origins of FORTRAN .................................................................. 146 8.2 FORTRAN I ................................................................................ 148 8.3 FORTRAN II/III .......................................................................... 156 8.4 FORTRAN IV .............................................................................. 158 8.5 FORTRAN 77 .............................................................................. 166 8.6 High Performance FORTRAN ..................................................... 174 8.7 FORTRAN 90 .............................................................................. 174 8.8 Beyond FORTRAN 90 ................................................................ 181 8.9 FORTRAN Assessment ............................................................... 182 Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 184 LISP 9.1 Origin of Lisp ............................................................................... 184 9.2 Characteristics of Lisp ................................................................. 187 9.3 A Brief Introduction ..................................................................... 188 9.4 Assessment ................................................................................... 191 Further Reading ....................................................................................... 193 Exercises For the Reader ......................................................................... 195 Glossary ................................................................................................... 198 References ............................................................................................... 199 Index ........................................................................................................ 205 LIST OF FIGURES I-1 IBM “Fingers” Ad 1-1 IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine 1-2 IBM 701 at General Electric, Evendale, Ohio 1-3 IBM 701 System Architecture 1-4 IBM 701 Instruction Format 1-5 IBM 701 Dataflow Paths 2-1. IBM 702 Installation 2-2 IBM 702 Operators Console 2-3 IBM 702 Character Table 2-4 IBM 702 System Architecture 2-5 Concept of an Electrostatic Storage Unit 2-6 IBM 702 Supervisor Activities 3-1 Punched Card 3-2 IBM 704 at Lawrence Livermore Labs 3-3 IBM 704 System Configuration 3-4 IBM 704 Arithmetic Registers 3-5 IBM 704 Type A Instruction Format 3-6 IBM 704 Type B Instruction Format 4-1 IBM 705 Computer System 4-2 IBM 705 System Architecture 4-3 IBM 705 CPU Storage 4-4a IBM 705 Operators Console 4-4b IBM 705 Operator’s Console 4-5 IBM 705 Instruction Format 4-6 Zoning Fields 4-7 SSA Employees at IBM 705 Console 4-8 IBM 705 at Social Security Administration 5-1 IBM 709 Console 5-2 IBM 709 Computer System 5-3 IBM 709 at LLNL First Generation Mainframes: The IBM 700 Series ix 6-1 FAP Statement Fields 7-1 SHARE PANEL Macro Example 8-1 Early FORTRAN Program 8-2 TPK Algorithm in FORTRAN I 8-3 Example of the EXTERNAL Statement 8-4 An Example of a FORTRAN 77 I/O Statement 8-5 An Example
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