IBM 1401 System Summary
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The Travelers IBM 1401 Exhibit Thematic Presentation, June 1984
THE TRAVELERS IBM 1401 EXHIBIT At The Computer Museum, Bay 3, Floor 5 THEMATIC PRESENTATION Overall The Travelers IBM 1401 Exhibit will illustrate general aspects of business computing in the mid-sixties. Four primary themes will be presented: the use of computers as information processors by businesses, the characteristics of this kind of computer operation, the rise in higher-level languages, and the replacement of punched cards by magnetic memory as the predominant secondary storage medium. The Travelers 1401 will exemplify these themes. In instances where reality does not quite serve the presentation artistic license will be exercized. Computers as Business Tools The use of the 1401 by The Travelers for policy processing and management report compilation will illustrate the general character of problems to which businesses a~plied computers. Charateristics of Computer Operation Batch-processing characterized the operation of computers in the mid-sixties. This reinforced the division between the machine and the programmers. Since only operators were allowed to run programs on the computer, the process of de-bugging a program was long and arduous. This method of operation will be contrasted with the contemporary operation of computers. The 1401 exhibit, by the relative position of the Programmer's Office and the Computer Room, and the contents thereof, will advance this theme. High-Level Languages The predominance of COBOL as the programming language for business illustrates the general move towards using higher-level languages which occured throughout the 1960's. The Travelers 1401 will be presented as being programmed in COBOL. The Fall of the Punched Card and the Ris~ of Magnetic Memory Inflexibility, serial storage, and size will be presented as three of the major problems of punched cards for data storage. -
The PORTHOS Executive System for the IBM 7094
A § 1 " * '& I m I ^ ;/ 1 ^ # **W : : : The Porthos Executive System for the IBM 7O9I+ User ' s Manual Table of Contents Title Sheet Preface Table of Contents 1. The 709^-1^01 Computer Installation 1.1. Description 1.1.1. General 1.1.2. Organization 1.1.3* Equipment 1.2. Programming Services 1.2.1. System Consulting 1.2.2. System Development 1.2.3- Associated Programmers 1.3« Library Services 1.3* 1' Program Documentation 1.3*2. Subroutines I.3. 3« Reference Publications 1.3.1+. The Mailing List 1.3' 5* Information Bulletins Date 5/1/65 Section Contents Page: 1 Change 2 Porthos Manual Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/porthosexecutivesyOOuniv : s 2. Use of the Computing Facility 2.1. Conditions of Use 2.1.1. Policy for Charging for Computer Use 2.1.2. Refunding of IBM 7094 Time Due to System or Machine Failures 2.1.2.1. In-System Jobs 2.1.2.2. Relinquish Jobs 2.2. Application for Use of Equipment 2.2.1. The Form 2.2.2. Submission and Approval 2.2.3. Entries on the Problem Specification Form 2.2.4. Changes in the Problem Specification 2.2.5. Problem Abstracts 2.3- Logging and Control of Computer Time 2.3«1« Accounting for Computer Time 2.3.2. Notices to Users Concerning Lapsing Time 2.3.3. Department Reports 2.3'3-l« Internal Reports 2. 3- 3* 2. The Technical Progress Report 2. -
Fortran Reference Guide
FORTRAN REFERENCE GUIDE Version 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................ xv Audience Description......................................................................................... xv Compatibility and Conformance to Standards............................................................ xv Organization................................................................................................... xvi Hardware and Software Constraints...................................................................... xvii Conventions................................................................................................... xvii Related Publications........................................................................................ xviii Chapter 1. Language Overview............................................................................... 1 1.1. Elements of a Fortran Program Unit.................................................................. 1 1.1.1. Fortran Statements................................................................................. 1 1.1.2. Free and Fixed Source............................................................................. 2 1.1.3. Statement Ordering................................................................................. 2 1.2. The Fortran Character Set.............................................................................. 3 1.3. Free Form Formatting.................................................................................. -
SPSS to Orthosim File Conversion Utility Helpfile V.1.4
SPSS to Orthosim File Conversion Utility Helpfile v.1.4 Paul Barrett Advanced Projects R&D Ltd. Auckland New Zealand email: [email protected] Web: www.pbarrett.net 30th December, 2019 Contents 3 Table of Contents Part I Introduction 5 1 Installation Details ................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Extracting Matrices from SPSS - Cut and Paste ................................................................................................................................... 8 3 Extracting Matrices from SPSS: Orthogonal Factors - E.x..c..e..l. .E..x..p..o..r.t................................................................................................................. 17 4 Extracting Matrices from SPSS: Oblique Factors - Exce.l. .E..x..p..o..r..t...................................................................................................................... 24 5 Creating Orthogonal Factor Orthosim Files ................................................................................................................................... 32 6 Creating Oblique Factor Orthosim Files ................................................................................................................................... 41 3 Paul Barrett Part I 6 SPSS to Orthosim File Conversion Utility Helpfile v.1.4 1 Introduction SPSS-to-Orthosim converts SPSS 11/12/13/14 factor loading and factor correlation matrices into the fixed-format .vf (simple ASCII text) files -
IBM 1401 Simulator Usage 31-Mar-2015
IBM 1401 Simulator Usage 31-Mar-2015 COPYRIGHT NOTICE The following copyright notice applies to the SIMH source, binary, and documentation: Original code published in 1993-2015, written by Robert M Supnik Copyright (c) 1993-2015, Robert M Supnik Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik. 1 Simulator Files ............................................................................................................. 3 2 IBM 1401 Features ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 CPU ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 1402 Card Reader/Punch (CDR, CDP, STKR) .................................................... -
ILE C/C++ Programmer's Guide
IBM i 7.2 Programming IBM Rational Development Studio for i ILE C/C++ Programmer's Guide IBM SC09-2712-07 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 441. This edition applies to version 7, release 2, modification 0 of IBM Rational Development Studio for i (product number 5770-WDS) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This version does not run on all reduced instruction set computer (RISC) models nor does it run on CISC models. This document may contain references to Licensed Internal Code. Licensed Internal Code is Machine Code and is licensed to you under the terms of the IBM License Agreement for Machine Code. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 2013. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents ILE C/C++ Programmer’s Guide..............................................................................1 PDF file for ILE C/C++ Programmer’s Guide............................................................................................... 3 About ILE C/C++ Programmer's Guide........................................................................................................5 Install Licensed Program Information................................................................................................... 5 Notes About Examples.......................................................................................................................... -
Developing Embedded SQL Applications
IBM DB2 10.1 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Developing Embedded SQL Applications SC27-3874-00 IBM DB2 10.1 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Developing Embedded SQL Applications SC27-3874-00 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the general information under Appendix B, “Notices,” on page 209. Edition Notice This document contains proprietary information of IBM. It is provided under a license agreement and is protected by copyright law. The information contained in this publication does not include any product warranties, and any statements provided in this manual should not be interpreted as such. You can order IBM publications online or through your local IBM representative. v To order publications online, go to the IBM Publications Center at http://www.ibm.com/shop/publications/ order v To find your local IBM representative, go to the IBM Directory of Worldwide Contacts at http://www.ibm.com/ planetwide/ To order DB2 publications from DB2 Marketing and Sales in the United States or Canada, call 1-800-IBM-4YOU (426-4968). When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. © Copyright IBM Corporation 1993, 2012. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Chapter 1. Introduction to embedded Include files for COBOL embedded SQL SQL................1 applications .............29 Embedding SQL statements -
The UCSD P-System STATUT ORIL Y EX E:M PT
DOCfi!D(ov~ by NSA on 12-01-2011, Transparency Case# 5335]UNCLASSIFIED The UCSD p-System STATUT ORIL Y EX E:M PT This paper discusses the UCSD p-System, an operating system for small computers developed at the University of California at San Diego. The discussion includes the overall system, file managing, editing, and programming in Pascal on the system. INTRODUCTION The UCSD p-System was developed at the University of California at San Diego to support Pascal programming on microcomputers. Similar to MS-DOS, the p-System is an operating system for small computers but is, in many ways, very different. The p-System is written in Pascal and now supports not only Pascal, but also FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, and Modula-2. The concept was to have an operating system that, once it was implemented on a machine, allowed any program written under that operating system to be truly transportable from computer to computer. That is to say, the p-System compiler would not actually translate the program into a language that was specific for, say, an 8088 chip on the IBM-PC, but rather would translate it into a "pseudo" language that, when used with an operating system designed for the PC, would run correctly. Similarly, if the operating system were implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer, this same pseudo code would still work properly with no modifications. The particular version of UCSD p-System tested was written for the IBM-PC and requires two single-sided double-density disk drives and at least 128K of memory. -
Teletypewriter Communication Codes
Teletypewriter Communication Codes Gil Smith [email protected] 2001 (Document Notes) Abstract Preliminary -- 5/01 gil smith Corrections or comments to [email protected] This information is pulled from a variety of sources, such as various emails of the greenkeys group. For more discussion of teletypewriter code development, see: http://www.nadcomm.com/fiveunit/fiveunits.htm http://fido.wps.com/texts/codes/index.html http://www.science.uva.nl/faculteit/museum/DWcodes.html FIVE-UNIT CODES: USTTY and ITA2 (aka BAUDOT) There were a few variations in character codes for five-level teletypewriter machines. The two most-common character codes were ITA2 and USTTY (a variation of ITA2). The USTTY and ITA2 5-level teletypewriter codes are commonly referred to as "Baudot" codes. While this is technically incorrect, these popular 5-level codes evolved from the work of Jean Maurice Emile Baudot of France - - it seems fitting to accept the defacto reference to "Baudot" as implying USTTY or ITA2 codes, since they were the 5-level codes that saw practical use in teletypewriter systems. However, the true Baudot code dates to around 1874, when Baudot designed the "Baudot Multiplex System," a printing telegraph. The system used a 5-level code generated by a device with five keys, operated with two left-hand fingers, and three right-hand fingers -- this required great skill on the part of the operator who entered the code directly. However, it was still a major improvement in communications -- prior to Baudot's design, communication was carried out using Morse code with a telegraph key. The 5-level "Baudot" code was actually designed by Johann Gauss and Wilhelm Weber. -
Technology Transfer: the IBM System/360 Case by Emerson W
Technology Transfer: The IBM System/360 Case by Emerson W. Pugh Introduction The term 'technology transfer" is most commonly used within a company to describe the internal transfer of technical knowledge or devices from research to development, from development to manufacturing, and from manufacturing to sales and services. The term is also used to describe the less orderly processes in which new technologies flow backwards in the system (e.g. from manufacturing to research) or laterally (e.g. from one development laboratory to another development laboratory). In academic circles and international conferences, technology transfer is more often used to refer to the transfer of technology from one company to another or between different geographical locations and countries. Multinational companies can be involved in all of these processes simultaneously; and companies in high-tech industries will only survive if they understand and manage these processes effectively. Indeed, this was the case for IBM during the 1960s when it introduced the IBM System/360 line of computers. Defining the Problem The problem IBM faced was the direct result of rapid changes in technologies, combined with dramatic growth in the computer market -- which was itself driven by the rapidly improving cost/performance of critical technologies. The success of the IBM 1401 computer, announced in October 1959, highlighted the problem. Equipped with discrete semiconductor logic circuits and up to 4000 characters of ferrite-core memory, it was the first computer to be inexpensive enough to replace conventional punched card equipment. By the end of 196 1, the number of 1401 s installed in the United States had reached 2,000; this was 25 percent of all electronic stored-program computers installed by all manufacturers to that time. -
A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten Through College
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 035 317 24 EM 007 717 AUTHOR Keenan, W. W. TTTLR A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten through College. Final Report. INSTITUTION Minnesota National Laboratory, St. Paul. SDONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-8-v-001 PUB DATE Sep 69 GRANT OEG-6-8-008001-0006 NOTE 165p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC-$8.35 DESCRIPTORS Computer Oriented Programs, *Educational Coordination, Educational Planning, *Electronic Data Processing, Feasibility Studies, Indexing, Institutional Research, *State Programs, *State Surveys ABSTPACT The purpose of this project was to study the feasibility of coordinating educational information systems and associated data processing efforts. A non-profit organization, representing key educational agencies in the state of Minnesota, was established to advise and guide the project. A statewide conference was held under the auspices of the Governor to mobilize interest, to provide and disseminate information, and to do preliminary planning. A status study was conducted which covered all institutions in the state and included hardiare utilized, plans, training of staff and special projects and efforts that might be underway. On the basis of the conference, the status study, and subsequent meetings, a basic overall plan for the coordination and development of information systems in education in the state of Minnesota was completed and disseminated. Appendixes include a report on the conference, the status report, and the resultant state plan. (JY) 4 FINAL REPORT Project No. 8-F-001 Grant No. OEG-6 -8 -008001-0006 A STUDY FOR THE COORDINATION OF EDUCATION INFORMATION AND DATA PROCESSING- FROM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH COLLEGE W. -
Computer Programs for the Digitizing ~ and Using of Library Tapes of Ship 1 Stress and Environment Data
SC-237 I I COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR THE DIGITIZING ~ AND USING OF LIBRARY TAPES OF SHIP 1 STRESS AND ENVIRONMENT DATA I This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distributionis unlimited. SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE 1973 SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE Ati INTERAGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE DEOICATEO TO IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE OF SHIPS MEMBER AGENCIES, ADDRESS CORRESPOtlOENCE TO: LINIICDSTATESCOASTGUARD SECRSIARY NAVALSI+IPSYSTEMSCOMMAND SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE MIIITARYSEALIFTCOMMAND u.S.COASTGUARDHEADOUARIERS MAII1!MEADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.c.XM4k 20590 AMFRI(:ANBUREAUOFStilppING I This report k the companion to SSC 236, a Method for Digitizing, Preparing and Using Library Tapes of Ship Stress and Environment Data, and cent ains the details of the conversion program which has been developed to increase the usefulness of full scale hull s tress, ship motion and environmental information which has been obtained over the last several years. Rear Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard Chairman, Ship Structure Committee SSC-237 Final Technical Report on Project SR-187, “Ship Response Data Study” PART II COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR THE DIGITIZING AND USING OF LIBRARY TAPES OF SHIP STRESS AND ENVIRON- MENT DATA by Aldie E. Johnson, Jr. James A. F1aherty Isaac J. Walters Teledyne Materials Research under Department of the Navy Naval Ship Engineering Center Contract No. NOO024-69-C-5161 This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited. U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters Washington, D.C. 1973 ABSTRACT Details of computer programs and their operating instructions are given for the processing of logbook-type data and associated analogue stress signals into digital format. The logbook data is keypunched, edited and formatted for subsequent merging with the analogue signal which has been pro- cessed through an Analogue-to-Di gital (A/D) converter.