Conerence Entitled "Understanding Population Change: *United States
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KNOTLESS NETTING in AMERICA and OCEANIA T HE Question Of
116 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 37, 1935 48. tcdbada'b stepson, stepdaughter, son or KNOTLESS NETTING IN AMERICA daughter of wife's brother or sis AND OCEANIA By D. S. DAVIDSON ter, son or daughter of husband's brother or sister: reciprocal to the HE question of trans-Pacific influences in American cultureshas been two preceding terms 49. tcdtsa'pa..:B T seriously debated for a number of years. Those who favor a trans step~grandfather, husband of oceanic movement have pointed out many resemblances and several grandparent's'sister 50. tCLlka 'yaBB striking similarities between certain culture traits of the New World and step-grandmother, wife of grand Oceania. The theory of a historical relationship between these appearances parent's brother 51. tcde'batsal' is based upon the hypothesis that independent invention and convergence step-grandchild, grandchild of speaker's wife's (or speaker's hus in development are not reasonable explanations either for the great number band's) brother or sister: recipro of resemblances or for the certain complexities found in the two areas. c~l to the two preceding terms The well-known objections to the trans-Pacific diffusion theory can 52. tsi.J.we'bats husband Or wife of grandchild of be summarized as follows: speaker or speaker's brother or 1. That many of the so-called similarities at best are only resemblances sister; term possibly reciprocal between very simple traits which might be independently invented or 53. tctlsxa'xaBll son-in-law or daughter-in-law of discovered. speaker's wife's brother or sister, 2. -
Asia's Rise in the New World Trade Order
GED Study Asia’s Rise in the New World Trade Order The Effects of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements on Asian Countries Part 2 of the GED Study Series: Effects of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements Authors Dr. Cora Jungbluth (Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh), Dr. Rahel Aichele (ifo, München), Prof. Gabriel Felbermayr, PhD (ifo and LMU, München) GED Study Asia’s Rise in the New World Trade Order The Effects of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements on Asian Countries Part 2 of the GED Study Series: Effects of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements Asia’s Rise in the New World Trade Order Table of contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction: Mega-regionals and the new world trade order 6 2. Asia in world trade: A look at the “noodle bowl” 10 3. Mega-regionals in the Asia-Pacific region and their effects on Asian countries 14 3.1 The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): The United States’ “pivot to Asia” in trade 14 3.2 The Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP): An inclusive alternative? 16 3.3 The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): The ASEAN initiative 18 4. Case studies 20 4.1 China: The world’s leading trading nation need not fear the TPP 20 4.2 Malaysia: The “Asian Tiger Cub” profits from deeper transpacific integration 22 5. Parallel scenarios: Asian-Pacific trade deals as counterweight to the TTIP 25 6. Conclusion: Asia as the driver for trade integration in the 21st century 28 Appendix 30 Bibliography 30 List of abbreviations 34 List of figures 35 List of tables 35 List of the 20 Asian countries included in our analysis 36 Links to the fact sheets of the 20 Asian countries included in our analysis 37 About the authors 39 Imprint 39 4 Asia’s Rise in the New World Trade Order Executive summary Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world and the FTAAP, according to our calculations the RCEP also has the potential to become the key region in world trade has positive economic effects for most countries in Asia, in the 21st century. -
Two Centuries of International Migration
IZA DP No. 7866 Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Timothy J. Hatton December 2013 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Northwestern University Timothy J. Hatton University of Essex, Australian National University and IZA Discussion Paper No. 7866 December 2013 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. -
Mummies and Mummification Practices in the Southern and Southwestern United States Mahmoud Y
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Karl Reinhard Papers/Publications Natural Resources, School of 1998 Mummies and mummification practices in the southern and southwestern United States Mahmoud Y. El-Najjar Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan Thomas M. J. Mulinski Chicago, Illinois Karl Reinhard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresreinhard El-Najjar, Mahmoud Y.; Mulinski, Thomas M. J.; and Reinhard, Karl, "Mummies and mummification practices in the southern and southwestern United States" (1998). Karl Reinhard Papers/Publications. 13. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresreinhard/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Karl Reinhard Papers/Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in MUMMIES, DISEASE & ANCIENT CULTURES, Second Edition, ed. Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn, and Theodore A. Reyman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 7 pp. 121–137. Copyright © 1998 Cambridge University Press. Used by permission. Mummies and mummification practices in the southern and southwestern United States MAHMOUD Y. EL-NAJJAR, THOMAS M.J. MULINSKI AND KARL J. REINHARD Mummification was not intentional for most North American prehistoric cultures. Natural mummification occurred in the dry areas ofNorth America, where mummies have been recovered from rock shelters, caves, and over hangs. In these places, corpses desiccated and spontaneously mummified. In North America, mummies are recovered from four main regions: the south ern and southwestern United States, the Aleutian Islands, and the Ozark Mountains ofArkansas. -
Explorers of Africa
Explorers of Africa Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Portugal Goals of exploration: establish a Christian empire in western Africa find new sources of gold create maps of the African coast Trips funded by Henry the Navigator led to more Impact: exploration of western Africa Bartolomeu Días (1450-1500) Portugal Rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 Goal of exploration: find a water route to Asia Impact: Led the Portuguese closer to discovering a water route to Asia Vasco da Gama (1460s-1524) Portugal Rounded the southernmost tip of Africa; Reached India in 1498 Goal of exploration: find a water route to Asia Found a water route to Asia and brought back Impact: jewels and spices, which encouraged further exploration Explorers of the Caribbean Christopher Columbus (1450-1506) Spain In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue (He sailed again in 1493, 1498, and 1502) Goal of exploration: find a water route to Asia Discovered the New World and led to Impact: exploration of the Americas Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475-1519) Spain Discovered the Pacific Ocean and the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 Goal of exploration: further exploration of the New World Discovered the Pacific Ocean and a new Impact: passage for exploration Explorers of South America Ferdinand Magellan Spain (1480-1521) Magellan's ships completed the first known circumnavigation of the globe. Goal of exploration: find a water route to Asia across the Pacific Discovered a new passage between the Impact: Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Francisco Pizarro Spain (1470s-1541) Conquered -
The Long-Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades
THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AFRICA’S SLAVE TRADES* NATHAN NUNN Can part of Africa’s current underdevelopment be explained by its slave trades? To explore this question, I use data from shipping records and histori- cal documents reporting slave ethnicities to construct estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country during Africa’s slave trades. I find a robust negative relationship between the number of slaves exported from a country and current economic performance. To better understand if the relationship is causal, I examine the historical evidence on selection into the slave trades and use in- strumental variables. Together the evidence suggests that the slave trades had an adverse effect on economic development. I. INTRODUCTION Africa’s economic performance in the second half of the twen- tieth century has been poor. One, often informal, explanation for Africa’s underdevelopment is its history of extraction, character- ized by two events: the slave trades and colonialism. Bairoch (1993, p. 8) writes that “there is no doubt that a large number of negative structural features of the process of economic under- development have historical roots going back to European col- onization.” Manning (1990, p. 124) echoes Bairoch but focuses on the slave trades, writing, “Slavery was corruption: it involved theft, bribery, and exercise of brute force as well as ruses. Slavery thus may be seen as one source of precolonial origins for modern corruption.” Recent empirical studies suggest that Africa’s history can explain part of its current underdevelopment. These studies fo- cus on the link between countries’ colonial experience and cur- rent economic development (Grier 1999; Englebert 2000a, 2000b; * A previous version of this paper was circulated under the title “Slavery, Insti- tutional Development, and Long-Run Growth in Africa.” I am grateful to the editor, Edward Glaeser, and three anonymous referees for comments that substantially improved this paper. -
THE LIMITS of SELF-DETERMINATION in OCEANIA Author(S): Terence Wesley-Smith Source: Social and Economic Studies, Vol
THE LIMITS OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN OCEANIA Author(s): Terence Wesley-Smith Source: Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 56, No. 1/2, The Caribbean and Pacific in a New World Order (March/June 2007), pp. 182-208 Published by: Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27866500 . Accessed: 11/10/2013 20:07 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of the West Indies and Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Social and Economic Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 133.30.14.128 on Fri, 11 Oct 2013 20:07:57 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Social and Economic Studies 56:1&2 (2007): 182-208 ISSN:0037-7651 THE LIMITS OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN OCEANIA Terence Wesley-Smith* ABSTRACT This article surveys processes of decolonization and political development inOceania in recent decades and examines why the optimism of the early a years of self government has given way to persistent discourse of crisis, state failure and collapse in some parts of the region. -
The Columbian Exchange: a History of Disease, Food, and Ideas
Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 24, Number 2—Spring 2010—Pages 163–188 The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian hhee CColumbianolumbian ExchangeExchange refersrefers toto thethe exchangeexchange ofof diseases,diseases, ideas,ideas, foodfood ccrops,rops, aandnd populationspopulations betweenbetween thethe NewNew WorldWorld andand thethe OldOld WWorldorld T ffollowingollowing thethe voyagevoyage ttoo tthehe AAmericasmericas bbyy ChristoChristo ppherher CColumbusolumbus inin 1492.1492. TThehe OldOld WWorld—byorld—by wwhichhich wwee mmeanean nnotot jjustust EEurope,urope, bbutut tthehe eentirentire EEasternastern HHemisphere—gainedemisphere—gained fromfrom tthehe CColumbianolumbian EExchangexchange iinn a nnumberumber ooff wways.ays. DDiscov-iscov- eeriesries ooff nnewew ssuppliesupplies ofof metalsmetals areare perhapsperhaps thethe bestbest kknown.nown. BButut thethe OldOld WWorldorld aalsolso ggainedained newnew staplestaple ccrops,rops, ssuchuch asas potatoes,potatoes, sweetsweet potatoes,potatoes, maize,maize, andand cassava.cassava. LessLess ccalorie-intensivealorie-intensive ffoods,oods, suchsuch asas tomatoes,tomatoes, chilichili peppers,peppers, cacao,cacao, peanuts,peanuts, andand pineap-pineap- pplesles wwereere aalsolso iintroduced,ntroduced, andand areare nownow culinaryculinary centerpiecescenterpieces inin manymany OldOld WorldWorld ccountries,ountries, namelynamely IItaly,taly, GGreece,reece, andand otherother MediterraneanMediterranean countriescountries (tomatoes),(tomatoes), -
The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions of the Spanish to the Americas. -
New World by Tyson Mohr
New World By Tyson Mohr “Dama.” He stirred, but did not wake. “Dama.” He cracked his eyes open, only to have them forced closed again by the light. “Uhh,” he mumbled, pulling the blankets over his face. “It’s time.” “Too early.” “I know.” __ Dama wasn’t used to being awakened early. In fact, this might have been the first time it had ever happened in his fifteen years of life. He did not like it. He looked up to see Father sitting beside him, which made him even more confused. If there is an emergency, Father should take care of it. If there is not an emergency, why interfere with his sleep? “Father, why’d you wake me up?” “As I said, it’s time.” “For what?” “Time for you to fulfill your destiny, son. Here are some clothes. Get dressed and come downstairs. I’ll explain everything there.” __ Dama came downstairs still rather annoyed at the whole situation. Father was acting strange. He’d better start making sense soon, or Dama would have to seriously consider calling someone to make sure his brain was still working properly. Dama had been worried about that for a while, actually. It was almost like Father was keeping secrets. But that was impossible. “Ah, there’s my boy! Coffee?” Father was already seated at the kitchen table, waiting. “No thanks,” Dama slid into the bench of the breakfast nook, facing Father. It vaguely registered with him that the cushions seemed like they were wearing out, but he was too agitated to dwell on the topic. -
ACTIVITY 20.1 Trading in the Old World–New World Market
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE LESSON 20 ACTIVITY 20.1 Trading in the Old World–New World Market INTRODUCTION Voluntary trade usually makes both buyers and sellers better off. But trade is based on the benefi ts buyers and sellers expect to receive. Occasionally, people regret trades that they have made because their expectations were not realized. For example, people use the word “lemon” to describe an automobile that needs frequent repairs and does not perform as well as the buyer thought it would. If a buyer knew an automobile was a “lemon” she or he would not buy it, but people sometimes make trades with incomplete information. This is why voluntary exchange is defi ned as trading goods and services with other people because both parties expect to benefi t from the trade. This activity will teach students that some trades make people better off while other trades make people worse off because they have incomplete information. In this activity, students trade New World food cards and Old World food cards. Each of the New World food cards has a number in the lower the right-hand corner (1 though 16). The main ingredients of New World foods were available only in the New World, or Western Hemisphere, prior to the Columbian Exchange. Each of the Old World food cards has a letter (A through P) in the lower right-hand corner. The primary ingredients of Old World foods were available only in the Old World, or Eastern Hemisphere, prior to the Columbian Exchange. Recipes for some foods (for example, baby-back ribs and eggplant parmesan) have multiple ingredients, some of which may have originated in the New World or the Old World. -
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ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR YOUR magazineFREE PDF (formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology) is a private 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization that explores and protects the places of our past across the American Southwest and Mexican Northwest. We have developed an integrated, conservation- based approach known as Preservation Archaeology. Although Preservation Archaeology begins with the active protection of archaeological sites, it doesn’t end there. We utilize holistic, low-impact investigation methods in order to pursue big-picture questions about what life was like long ago. As a part of our mission to help foster advocacy and appreciation for the special places of our past, we share our discoveries with the public. This free back issue of Archaeology Southwest Magazine is one of many ways we connect people with the Southwest’s rich past. Enjoy! Not yet a member? Join today! Membership to Archaeology Southwest includes: » A Subscription to our esteemed, quarterly Archaeology Southwest Magazine » Updates from This Month at Archaeology Southwest, our monthly e-newsletter » 25% off purchases of in-print, in-stock publications through our bookstore » Discounted registration fees for Hands-On Archaeology classes and workshops » Free pdf downloads of Archaeology Southwest Magazine, including our current and most recent issues » Access to our on-site research library » Invitations to our annual members’ meeting, as well as other special events and lectures Join us at archaeologysouthwest.org/how-to-help In the meantime, stay informed at our regularly updated Facebook page! 300 N Ash Alley, Tucson AZ, 85701 • (520) 882-6946 • [email protected] • www.archaeologysouthwest.org ™ Archaeology Southwest Volume 23, Number 1 Center for Desert Archaeology Winter 2009 The Latest Research on the Earliest Farmers Sarah A.