Mammal Trip in Chile
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Fur Trade and the Biotic Homogenization of Subpolar Ecosystems
Chapter 14 Fur Trade and the Biotic Homogenization of Subpolar Ecosystems Ramiro D. Crego, Ricardo Rozzi, and Jaime E. Jiménez Abstract At the southern end of the Americas exist one of the last pristine ecosys- tems in the world, the sub-Antarctic Magellanic forests ecoregion, protected by the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR). Despite its remote location, the CHBR has been subject to the growing infuences of globalization, a process that has driven cultural, biotic, and economic transformations in the region since the mid-twentieth century. One of the most important threats to these unique ecosystems is the increase of biological invasions. Motivated by the expanding fur industry that responded to the globalization process, American beavers (Castor canadensis), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), and American minks (Neovison vison) were introduced, inde- pendently, to the southern tip of South America. Research has shown that these three North American species have reassembled their native interactions to affect negatively the invaded ecosystems of the CHBR. Beavers affect river fow and R. D. Crego (*) Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA R. Rozzi Department of Philosophy and Religion and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad and Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile J. E. Jiménez Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 233 R. -
Endangered Species: the Marine Otter by Gale, Cengage Learning, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 04.20.18 Word Count 436 Level 400L
Endangered Species: The marine otter By Gale, Cengage Learning, adapted by Newsela staff on 04.20.18 Word Count 436 Level 400L Image 1. Marine otters are sometimes called "sea cats." Photo from Wikimedia Commons. Have you ever seen a sea otter? You might have spotted one in the ocean or at a zoo. Sea otters are one kind of otter. The marine otter is another kind. The marine otter lives in South America. It lives along the west coast. That is where the land touches the Pacific Ocean. This otter is sometimes called a sea cat. It is about the size of a cat. It has a long body. Its head is flat. The marine otter has tiny ears and long whiskers. It has short legs and webbed feet. This makes the otter a great swimmer. The otters feed on sea animals. They like crabs and oysters. They swim on their backs to eat. The otters put their catch on their chests. Then they grab a rock. They use it to crack open the hard shells. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Habitat And Population It is hard to count marine otters. They like to live alone. So they are not usually seen in big groups. Scientists think there are not many left. They do not know the exact number. But they think there might be only 2,000 marine otters in the wild today. Sea otters live in water all the time. Marine otters are different. They live on land. They always live in rocky places close to water, though. -
Digital Appendix 1 List of Searching Criteria Used by Mammal Species
Digital Appendix 1 List of searching criteria used by mammal species Common Name Scientific Name Search Criteria "Atelocynus microtis" OR "Short-eared dog" OR "small-eared dog" OR "zorro de oreja corta" OR "perro selvático" OR "cachorro-do-mato-de- Short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis orelhas-curtas" "Catagonus wagneri" OR "Chacoan Peccary" OR Chacoan Peccary Catagonus wagneri "pecarí del Chaco" OR "pecarí quimilero" “Dasyprocta punctate” OR "Central American Central American Agouti Dasyprocta punctata Agouti" OR "agutí centroamericano" “Dasypus sabanicola” OR "Northern Long-nosed Northern Long-nosed Armadillo" OR "Savanna armadillo" OR "Llanos Armadillo Dasypus sabanicola long-nosed armadillo" OR "cachicamo sabanero" “Eira barbara” OR "Tayra" OR "cabeza de mate" Taira Eira barbara OR "irara" “Galictis vittata” OR "Greater Grison" OR "furão- Greater Grison Galictis vittata grande" OR "grisón grande" OR "galictis vittatta" “Herpailurus yagouaroundi” OR Yaguarundi OR yagouaroundi OR "Puma yagouaroundi" OR Yaguarundi Herpailurus yagouaroundi Jaguarundi "Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris" OR capybara OR "Capivara" OR "chigüire" OR "capibara" OR Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris "Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris" “Leopardus colocolo” OR "pampas cat" OR "colocolo" OR "felis colocolo" OR "gato de las Colocolo Leopardus colocolo pampas" "Leopardus pardalis" OR jaguatirica OR ocelote Ocelot Leopardus pardalis OR ocelot “Leopardus wiedii” OR "margay" OR"Felis Margay Leopardus wiedii wiedii" OR "gato-maracajá" “Lontra longicaudis” OR "neotropical otter" OR "neotropical -
Complete Issue
ISSN 1023-9030 IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 21 (2)/2004 IUCN OTTER SPECIALIST GROUP BULLETIN Volume 21 (2) October 2004 IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 21(2) 2004 CONTENT Note from the Editor................................................................................................. 60 IUCN/SCC OSG GROUP In Memoriam Claus Reuther .................................................................................... 61 ARTICLES Assessing the Distribution of Reintroduced Populations of River Otters in 63 Pennsylvania (USA) – Development of a Landscape Level Approach .……………... First Physical Evidence of the Nearctic River Otter (Lontra canadensis) collected in 70 New Mexico, USA, since 1953 …………………………… ……………………….. High Mortality of Nearctic River Otters on a Florida, USA, Interstate Highway 76 during an Extreme Drought REPORTS Intraspecific Agonism between Giant Otters ……………………………………… 89 Preliminary Study of the Tracks of Captive Otters (Lutra lutra) as a Tool for Field Research ……………………………………………………………........................ 93 Literature..………………..............................................................................…....... 100 Congress Announcements.................................................................................….... 101 - 2 - IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 21(2) 2004 IUCN OTTER SPECIALIST GROUP BULLETIN The IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin appears biannually. Articles, reports, symposium announcements and information on recent publications are welcome. All submissions should be typed double-spaced. The submission -
Temporal Changes in the Diet of Two Sympatric Carnivorous Mammals in a Protected Area of South–Central Chile Affected by a Mixed–Severity Forest Fire
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 43.2 (2020) 177 Temporal changes in the diet of two sympatric carnivorous mammals in a protected area of south–central Chile affected by a mixed–severity forest fire A. H. Zúñiga, J. R. Rau, V. Fuenzalida, A. Fuentes–Ramírez Zúñiga, A. H., Rau, J. R., Fuenzalida, V., Fuentes–Ramírez, A., 2020. Temporal changes in the diet of two sympatric carnivorous mammals in a protected area of south–central Chile affected by a mixed–severity forest fire. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 43.2: 177–186, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0177 Abstract Temporal changes in the diet of two sympatric carnivorous mammals in a protected area of south–central Chile affected by a mixed–severity forest fire. Fire is a significant disruptive agent in various ecosystems around the world. It can affect the availability of resources in a given area, modulating the interaction between competing species. We studied the diet of the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) and cougar (Puma concolor) for two consecutive years in a protected area of southern–central Chile which was affected by a wildfire. Significant differences were observed in the dietary pattern between the two species, showing their trophic segregation. In the two years of the study, the predominant prey for cougar was an exotic species, the European hare (Lepus europaeus), implying a simplification of its trophic spectrum with respect to that reported in other latitudes. The ecological consequences related to this scenario are discussed. Key words: Dietary overlap, Predation, Post–fire dynamics, Microhabitat, Rodent cycles, Selectivity Resumen Cambios temporales en la dieta de dos mamíferos carnívoros simpátridas en una zona protegida del centro y el sur de Chile afectada por un incendio forestal de intensidad desigual. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
List of the Birds of Peru Lista De Las Aves Del Perú
LIST OF THE BIRDS OF PERU LISTA DE LAS AVES DEL PERÚ By/por MANUEL A. -
Bioenergetics and Inter-Individual Variation in Physiological Capacities in a Relict Mammal – the Monito Del Monte (Dromiciops Gliroides)
297 The Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 297-304 Published by The Company of Biologists 2009 doi:10.1242/jeb.021212 Bioenergetics and inter-individual variation in physiological capacities in a relict mammal – the Monito del Monte (Dromiciops gliroides) Pablo Cortés, Silvia A. Quijano and Roberto F. Nespolo* Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 10 November 2008 SUMMARY In evolutionary physiology, studies of inter-individual variation (i.e. repeatability) in functional capacities are valuable as they indicate – within populations – what attributes could respond to natural selection. Although repeatability and quantitative genetics of physiological traits in energy metabolism of eutherian mammals have been well characterized, few or no studies have been performed on marsupials. We studied the repeatability (i.e. intraclass correlation coefficient, τ) of bioenergetics for Monito del Monte (Dromiciops gliroides), the sole living representative of an otherwise extinct marsupial order (Microbiotheria). We measured resting metabolic rate as CO2 production (VCO2) and O2 consumption (VO2) simultaneously, together with minimum thermal conductance (C), evaporative water loss (EWL) and respiratory quotient (RQ), in a sample of ca. 20 individuals. Our results suggest that D. gliroides exhibits poor control of body temperature (Tb), with a thermal amplitude of ca. 10°C in normothermia. As τ = τ = a consequence, repeatability of Tb and metabolic rate (either as VCO2 or VO2) were relatively low ( Tb 0.25±0.04, VCO2 0.14±0.03, τ = VO2 0.24±0.02, jackknife estimations of standard errors). Thermal conductance exhibited near-zero or negative repeatability and was lower than expected for marsupials. -
Marine Pollution and the Toxic Legacy of Our Consumer Culture
Marine Pollution: The Toxic Legacy of Our Consumer Culture Dr. Susan D. Shaw Marine & Environmental Research Institute School of Public Health, University at Albany, NY GEO Blue Planet Symposium College Park, MD May 31-June 2, 2017 Greenhouse Gases Convergence of Stress . Alteration of climate & ocean chemistry . Oceans warming (store 9/10 of heat trapped by greenhouse gases), melting ice at poles . Acidification (CO2) = loss of corals by 2050 . Toxicity increasing – increasing pollutant distribution, potency (metabolism) . Species extinctions . Sea level rise, extreme weather, human displacement “Living Better With Chemistry.” DDT c. 1949 Petrochemicals and plastics post WWII Glenbow Archives NA-5600-6671a Dilution Is The Solution © Xanthe Rivett / CAFNEC / WWF-Aus The Plastic Sea By 2050 the oceans could contain more plastic than fish by weight 8 billion pieces of plastic enter the oceans every year The Problem of Plastics . 46,000 pieces per sq mile of ocean . Degrade to microplastics, last 100+ years . Contain and adsorb toxic chemicals (PCBs, phthalates, flame retardants) . Eaten by fish, then peope, effects uncertain Entanglement in Plastic Flame Retardants (PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) Clothing, textiles, mattresses, upholstery, TVs, computers, plastics, electronics, building materials, house dust and food Endocrine disruptors, IQ loss in children, cancer Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Stain-and water resistant coatings on food wrappers, outdoor wear, non-stick pans, also in fire-fighting foams Endocrine disruptors, cancer Newly discovered flame retardants in Mariana Trench amphipods Flame Retardants in Pinnipeds Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina ) Sea lion (Zalophus californianus) Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) Shaw et al. 2008, Meng et al. 2009, Law et Meng et al. -
Budget Birds, Wildlife & Andean Landscapes
Chile Budget Birds, Wildlife & Andean landscapes 1st March to 12th March 2021 (12 days) Diademed Sandpiper-Plover by Dubi Shapiro Chile occupies a 2,650 mile-long narrow ribbon of land between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes, and stretches from north of the Atacama Desert to Cape Horn, the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Chile is one of South America’s most stable and prosperous nations and our tour covers some of the highlights of this fabulous country as we search for its numerous specialities and endemics. These range from the giant Andean Condor to the tiny Chilean Woodstar, and include the RBL - Chile Budget Itinerary 2 unique Chilean tapaculos called huet-huets and turcas. One of our primary targets will no doubt be the highly prized Diademed Sandpiper-Plover, while other no less desirable species include Puna Ibis, Chilean Tinamou, Peruvian Martin, Tamarugo Conebill, Chilean Woodstar, Rufous•bellied Seedsnipe, Andean Avocet, Rufous-legged Owl, appropriately named Giant Hummingbird, Puna Tinamou and thousands of flamingos of three species. We will also undertake an exciting pelagic excursion in search of the region’s seabirds, including the rare Peruvian Diving Petrel and Chilean Skua, while mammal possibilities include herds of stately Vicunas, the range-restricted Marine Otter and the bizarre Southern Mountain Viscachas. Accommodations, meals and wines are good throughout the tour and the Chilean people offer warm hospitality. Combined with the outstanding scenery of high altitude Puna lakes and snow-capped -
Dromiciops Gliroides MICROBIOTHERIA: MICROBIOTHERIIDAE) in ITS SOUTHERNMOST POPULATION of ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol
Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 ISSN: 1666-0536 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Sanchez, Juliana P.; Gurovich, Yamila FLEAS (INSECTA: SIPHONAPTERA) ASSOCIATED TO THE ENDANGERED NEOTROPICAL MARSUPIAL MONITO DEL MONTE (Dromiciops gliroides MICROBIOTHERIA: MICROBIOTHERIIDAE) IN ITS SOUTHERNMOST POPULATION OF ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 25, no. 1, 2018, January-June, pp. 257-262 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45758865023 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 25(1):257-262, Mendoza, 2018 Copyright ©SAREM, 2018 http://www.sarem.org.ar Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sbmz.com.br Nota FLEAS (INSECTA: SIPHONAPTERA) ASSOCIATED TO THE ENDANGERED NEOTROPICAL MARSUPIAL MONITO DEL MONTE (Dromiciops gliroides MICROBIOTHERIA: MICROBIOTHERIIDAE) IN ITS SOUTHERNMOST POPULATION OF ARGENTINA Juliana P. Sanchez1 and Yamila Gurovich2, 3 1 Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (CONICET- UNNOBA) Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Correspondence: <[email protected]>] 2 CIEMEP, CONICET-UNPSJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2052 New South Wales, Australia ABSTRACT. Dromiciops gliroides is a nocturnal marsupial endemic to the temperate forests of southern South America and the only living representative of the Order Microbiotheria. Here we study the Siphonapteran fauna of the “monito del monte” from Los Alerces National Park, Chubut Province. -
List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34.