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Endangered Species: the Marine Otter by Gale, Cengage Learning, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 04.20.18 Word Count 436 Level 400L
Endangered Species: The marine otter By Gale, Cengage Learning, adapted by Newsela staff on 04.20.18 Word Count 436 Level 400L Image 1. Marine otters are sometimes called "sea cats." Photo from Wikimedia Commons. Have you ever seen a sea otter? You might have spotted one in the ocean or at a zoo. Sea otters are one kind of otter. The marine otter is another kind. The marine otter lives in South America. It lives along the west coast. That is where the land touches the Pacific Ocean. This otter is sometimes called a sea cat. It is about the size of a cat. It has a long body. Its head is flat. The marine otter has tiny ears and long whiskers. It has short legs and webbed feet. This makes the otter a great swimmer. The otters feed on sea animals. They like crabs and oysters. They swim on their backs to eat. The otters put their catch on their chests. Then they grab a rock. They use it to crack open the hard shells. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Habitat And Population It is hard to count marine otters. They like to live alone. So they are not usually seen in big groups. Scientists think there are not many left. They do not know the exact number. But they think there might be only 2,000 marine otters in the wild today. Sea otters live in water all the time. Marine otters are different. They live on land. They always live in rocky places close to water, though. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
Marine Pollution and the Toxic Legacy of Our Consumer Culture
Marine Pollution: The Toxic Legacy of Our Consumer Culture Dr. Susan D. Shaw Marine & Environmental Research Institute School of Public Health, University at Albany, NY GEO Blue Planet Symposium College Park, MD May 31-June 2, 2017 Greenhouse Gases Convergence of Stress . Alteration of climate & ocean chemistry . Oceans warming (store 9/10 of heat trapped by greenhouse gases), melting ice at poles . Acidification (CO2) = loss of corals by 2050 . Toxicity increasing – increasing pollutant distribution, potency (metabolism) . Species extinctions . Sea level rise, extreme weather, human displacement “Living Better With Chemistry.” DDT c. 1949 Petrochemicals and plastics post WWII Glenbow Archives NA-5600-6671a Dilution Is The Solution © Xanthe Rivett / CAFNEC / WWF-Aus The Plastic Sea By 2050 the oceans could contain more plastic than fish by weight 8 billion pieces of plastic enter the oceans every year The Problem of Plastics . 46,000 pieces per sq mile of ocean . Degrade to microplastics, last 100+ years . Contain and adsorb toxic chemicals (PCBs, phthalates, flame retardants) . Eaten by fish, then peope, effects uncertain Entanglement in Plastic Flame Retardants (PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) Clothing, textiles, mattresses, upholstery, TVs, computers, plastics, electronics, building materials, house dust and food Endocrine disruptors, IQ loss in children, cancer Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Stain-and water resistant coatings on food wrappers, outdoor wear, non-stick pans, also in fire-fighting foams Endocrine disruptors, cancer Newly discovered flame retardants in Mariana Trench amphipods Flame Retardants in Pinnipeds Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina ) Sea lion (Zalophus californianus) Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) Shaw et al. 2008, Meng et al. 2009, Law et Meng et al. -
990 PART 23—ENDANGERED SPECIES CONVENTION Subpart A—Introduction
Pt. 23 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–01 Edition) Service agent, or other game law en- 23.36 Schedule of public meetings and no- forcement officer free and unrestricted tices. access over the premises on which such 23.37 Federal agency consultation. operations have been or are being con- 23.38 Modifications of procedures and nego- ducted; and shall furnish promptly to tiating positions. such officer whatever information he 23.39 Notice of availability of official re- may require concerning such oper- port. ations. Subpart E—Scientific Authority Advice (c) The authority to take golden ea- [Reserved] gles under a depredations control order issued pursuant to this subpart D only Subpart F—Export of Certain Species authorizes the taking of golden eagles when necessary to seasonally protect 23.51 American ginseng (Panax domesticated flocks and herds, and all quinquefolius). such birds taken must be reported and 23.52 Bobcat (Lynx rufus). turned over to a local Bureau Agent. 23.53 River otter (Lontra canadensis). 23.54 Lynx (Lynx canadensis). 23.55 Gray wolf (Canis lupus). PART 23—ENDANGERED SPECIES 23.56 Brown bear (Ursus arctos). CONVENTION 23.57 American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Subpart A—Introduction AUTHORITY: Convention on International Sec. Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 23.1 Purpose of regulations. and Flora, 27 U.S.T. 1087; and Endangered 23.2 Scope of regulations. Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 23.3 Definitions. 1531 et seq. 23.4 Parties to the Convention. SOURCE: 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977, unless Subpart B—Prohibitions, Permits and otherwise noted. -
Standards for Caniform Sanctuaries
Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Standards For Caniform Sanctuaries Version: February, 2018 ©2012 Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries – Standards for Caniform Sanctuaries Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 1 GFAS PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................................................................... 1 ANIMALS COVERED BY THESE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................ 1 STANDARDS UPDATES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 CANIFORM STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 CANIFORM HOUSING ............................................................................................................................ 5 H-1. Types of Space and Size ..................................................................................................................................... 5 H-2. Containment ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 H-3. Ground and Plantings ........................................................................................................................................ -
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Treaty
ARTICLE I ENDANGERED SPECIES ARTICLE II(4) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA The Contracting States, RECOGNIZING that wild fauna and flora in their many beautiful and varied forms are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the earth which must be protected for this and the generations to come; CONSCIOUS of the ever-growing value of wild fauna and flora from aesthetic, scientific, cultural, recreational and economic points of view; RECOGNIZING that peoples and States are and should be the best protectors of their own wild fauna and flora; RECOGNIZING, in addition, that international cooperation is essential for the protection of certain species of wild fauna and flora against over-exploitation through international trade; CONVINCED of the urgency of taking appropriate measures to this end; HAVE AGREED as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS For the purpose of the present Convention, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) "Species" means any species, subspecies, or geographically separate population thereof; (b) "Specimen" means: (i) any animal or plant, whether alive or dead; (ii) in the case of an animal: for species included in Appendices I and II, any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof; and for species included in Appendix III, any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof specified in Appendices III in relation to the species; and (iii) in the case of a plant: for species included in Appendix I, any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof; and for species -
Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Conservation
Marine Mammal Commission An independent agency of the U.S. Government Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Conservation Fiscal Year 2015 June 16, 2017 Federal funding for marine mammal research and conservation Fiscal year 2015 Published by the Marine Mammal Commission, an Independent Federal Agency, located at 4340 East- West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA. Cite as: Marine Mammal Commission. June 2017. Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Conservation. Marine Mammal Commission, Bethesda, MD. 105pp. Marine Mammal Commission i Federal funding for marine mammal research and conservation Fiscal year 2015 Executive Summary Title II of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) created the Marine Mammal Commission and directed it to undertake a continuing review of “research programs conducted or proposed to be conducted under the authority of the Act.” In 2010 the Commission initiated an online survey to assess funding for marine mammal research and conservation activities conducted or funded by federal agencies in fiscal year 2009. In the summer of 2016, the Commission requested that federal agencies provide data on marine mammal activities from fiscal year 2015 using its online survey tool. The survey collected information on the agencies’ marine mammal-related programs, projects, and grants, including the nature of the research, the species and geographic areas studied, the threats and issues addressed, and the funding amounts obligated during that fiscal year. Agencies reported their fiscal data to the survey in two ways: 1) total funding for marine mammals, including direct expenditures for projects and miscellaneous marine mammal activities, as well as the indirect expenditures to support the projects and other activities; and 2) direct project expenditures. -
OTTERS a Seaworld Education Department Publication
OTTERS A SeaWorld Education Department Publication CONTENTS Scientific Classification.....................................................................................................1 Distribution and Habitat..................................................................................................2 Physical Characteristics....................................................................................................5 Senses..................................................................................................................................8 Adaptations for an Aquatic Environment...................................................................11 Behavior ...........................................................................................................................12 Communication...............................................................................................................13 Food and Foraging..........................................................................................................14 Reproduction ...................................................................................................................15 Birth and Care of Young……..……...……………………………………...………....16 Longevity and Mortality ................................................................................................19 Conservation....................................................................................................................21 OTTERS SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION A. Order—Carnivora. -
First Record of Microplastics in the Endangered Marine Otter (Lontra Felina)
Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 27, núm. 1, 2020, pp. 211-215. First record of microplastics in the endangered marine otter (Lontra felina). Santillán, Luis, Saldaña-Serrano, Miguel y De- la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique. Cita: Santillán, Luis, Saldaña-Serrano, Miguel y De-la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique (2020). First record of microplastics in the endangered marine otter (Lontra felina). Mastozoología Neotropical, 27 (1), 211-215. Dirección estable: https://www.aacademica.org/gabriel.e.delatorre/4 Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es. Acta Académica es un proyecto académico sin fines de lucro enmarcado en la iniciativa de acceso abierto. Acta Académica fue creado para facilitar a investigadores de todo el mundo el compartir su producción académica. Para crear un perfil gratuitamente o acceder a otros trabajos visite: https://www.aacademica.org. Mastozoología Neotropical, 27(1):211-215 Mendoza, 2020 Copyright © SAREM, 2020 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 hp://www.sarem.org.ar hps://doi.org/10.31687/saremMN.20.27.1.0.12 hp://www.sbmz.org Nota FIRST RECORD OF MICROPLASTICS IN THE ENDANGERED MARINE OTTER (Lontra felina) Luis Santillán1, 2, Miguel Saldaña-Serrano1, 3, Gabriel Enrique De-La-Torre1 1Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú. [Correspondence: Luis Santillán <[email protected]>] 2Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Pucusana, Perú. 3Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. ABSTRACT. Lontra felina inhabits the coast of Peru and Chile frequently closed to human beach resorts and fishing ports which are common focus of anthropogenic pollution like solid waste and plastics are part of this as persistent material. -
SEA CAT PROJECT II Assessment of the Population Density and Conservation Status of Sea Cat ( Lontra Felina) in the 10 Th Region of South Chile
SEA CAT PROJECT II Assessment of the Population Density and Conservation Status of Sea Cat ( Lontra felina) in the 10 th Region of South Chile ------------ Final Activities Report ---------------- Claudio Delgado-Rodríguez, Ricardo Álvarez & Ana María Pfeifer Research Program Conservación Marina March 2006 ® Claudio Delgado/ CM Assessment of the Population Density and Conservation Status of Sea Cat (Lontra felina) in the 10 th Region of South Chile INDEX Introduction…………………………………………………………………….….…3 Project Objectives………………………………………………………………..….. 5 Study Area …………………………………………………………………….….….5 Methodology…………….……………………….…………………………….……..7 Study sites selection…………………….……………..………….………………….7 Census…………………………………………………………….……………..…… 7 Habitat assessment……….……………………………………………………..…. 8 Threat assessment….…………………..…………………………………………….9 Public awareness……………………………………………………………. 9 Results…………………………………………………………….………………….10 Population distribution……..………………………………………..………...…..10 Population density…………………………………………………….………….....11 Habitat characteristics……………………………………………………..………14 Threat Analysis………………………………………………………………..….…19 Public awareness activities …………………………………………….…....21 Discussion………………………………………………………………………...….22 Population distribution and density of marine otter population……..…....…22 Habitat characteristics …………………………………………………...........…23 Threats and the human dimension of marine otter conservation…… ...….…24 Current stage of the project and next steps……………………………………….…27 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….…29 References ……………………………………………………………………….….30 -
E-Update 32, August 2013
www.otter.org IOSF e-upate no. 32 – August 2013 e-Update 32, August 2013 20 Years On - the Fur Trade It is a sad fact that we have been fighting against the fur trade for 20 years and yet it is still going on. In our Newsletter No 6 from 1995 the main article read: “DOUBLE HYPOCRISY – A RING OF BLOODY WATER While there has been much publicity over the years about the fur trade, it is hard to believe that in 1995 there is still such exploitation of the North American River Otter ( Lontra canadensis ). In the last ten years in excess of 300,000 were killed for fur in Canada and America, many using the gin trap or leg-hold trap outlawed years ago in Britain and many other countries in Europe. Otters trapped in the wild inevitably suffer slow agonising deaths. It seems even more bizarre that this is a legal trade which exports to countries like Germany, Italy, Denmark, Finland and even Great Britain, albeit on a small scale. While the highest percentage of furs goes to the China and Hong Kong markets, there are still roughly 18,000-20,000 furs a decade exported into western European countries, countries which have protected their own species of otter years ago ” And what is even more sad, is that the number of otters being killed has actually gone up, as shown by figures for 2010: USA Total number of otters taken per year where such numbers are given: 17,445 (for 19 states). Total number of states where otters are present and may be American River Otter hunted: 31. -
Mammal Trip in Chile
Mammal Trip in Chile 20th to 27th November 2017 Leader: Rodrigo Silva Participant: Stewart Summers Albatross Birding & Nature Tours www.albatross-birding.com OVERVIEW This is report of Stewart Summers’s private extension tour, which took place after his birding trip in Chile with the international birding company Vent. During their main birding trip they covered central, lake and Patagonian part of the country. Nevertheless, we returned to some of these sections with the aim to focus on mammal searching. We spent a total of 8 days looking for mammals at the following three areas of the country, main habitat and cities of reference are provided: Lake district: 3 ½ days exploring Southern temperate forest, around Puerto Montt. Central region: 1 ½ days at the Mediterranean brushland or Central Chile matorral, around Santiago. Northern section: 2 ½ days in Pre-puna and Altiplano, around Arica. Although their main trip was focused on birding, they managed to spot some mammals listed, so by the time we ran the trip we didn’t put much effort in looking for them: Fence Degu, coruro, Commerson’s dolphin, culpeo fox, Humboldt’s hog-nosed skunk, guanaco… and a total of 8 pumas (!) in world-famous Torres del Paine National Park. As a result we turned our efforts into the remaining list of mammals, including several range restricted, cryptic and sought-after species. Some of them were monito del monte, the single living species in his order and closely related with Australian marsupials, Highland tuco-tuco, and representative of Ctenomydae, a new family on Stewart’s list, Darwin’s fox, an endemic and endangered species, and Southern Pudu, the smallest deer in the world (Cerviidae).