Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 19 (2021): 7–52 ISSN:Minaya 1698– et0476 al. Checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on birds of Peru D. Minaya, F. Príncipe, J. Iannacone Minaya, D., Príncipe, F., Iannacone, J., 2021. Checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Am- blycera and Ischnocera) on the birds of Peru. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 19: 7–52, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2021.19.0007 Abstract Checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on birds of Peru. Peru is one of the countries with the highest diversity of birds worldwide, having about 1,876 species in its territory. However, studies focused on chewing lice (Phthiraptera) have been carried out on only a minority of bird species. The available data are distributed in 87 publications in the national and international literature. In this checklist we summarize all the records to date of chewing lice on wild and domestic birds in Peru. Among the 301 species of birds studied, 266 species of chewing lice were recorded. The localities with the highest records were the Departments of Cusco, Junín, Lima and Madre de Dios. No records of birds pa- rasitized by these lice have been found in seven departments of Peru. Studies related to lice have only been reported in 16 % of bird species in the country, indicating that research concerning chewing lice has not yet been performed for the the majority of birds in Peru. Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/u1jtiu) Key words: Avifauna, Ectoparasites, Lice, Parasitology, Phthiraptera Resumen Lista de verificación de piojos masticadores (Phthiraptera: Amblycera e Ischnocera) de las aves de Perú. Perú es uno de los países con mayor diversidad de aves del mundo, con unas 1.876 especies en su territorio. Sin embargo, los estudios dedicados a piojos masticadores (Phthiraptera) de aves se limitan a un número reducido de especies. Esta información se encuentra distribuida en 87 publicaciones nacionales e internacionales. Esta lista de verificación incluye todos los registros de piojos masticadores realizados en aves silvestres y domésticas de Perú. La lista consta de 301 especies de aves en las que se registraron 266 especies de piojos masticadores. Las zonas con mayores registros fueron los departamentos de Cuzco, Junín, Lima y Madre de Dios. No se encontraron registros de aves parasitadas por piojos en siete departamentos de Perú. Tan solo el 16 % de las especies de aves de Perú cuentan con algún estudio referido a piojos, por lo que una importante proporción de aves parasitadas por los mismos permanece indocumentada. © [2021] Copyright belongs to the authors, who license the journal Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica to publish the paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits its distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source, the journal Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, are cited. 7 El © [2020 del artículo pertenece al autor o autores; estos autorizan a la revista Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica la publicación del artículo bajo la licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 que permite un uso no restringido, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que se citen los autores y la revista. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 19 (2021): 7–52 Minaya et al. Datos piblicados en GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/u1jtiu) Palabras claves: Avifauna, Ectoparásitos, Piojos, Parasitología, Phthiraptera Resum Llista de verificació de polls mastegadors (Phthiraptera: Amblycera e Ischnocera) dels ocells del Perú. El Perú és un dels països amb més diversitat d’ocells del món, amb unes 1.876 espècies al seu territori. Tanmateix, els estudis dedicats a polls mastegadors (Phthiraptera) d’ocells es limiten a un nombre reduït d’espècies. Aquesta informació es troba distribuïda en 87 publicacions nacionals i internacionals. Aquesta llista de verificació inclou tots els registres de polls mastegadors portats a terme en ocells silvestres i domèstics del Perú. La llista consta de 301 espècies d’ocells en les quals es van registrar 266 espècies de polls mastegadors. Les zones amb més registres van ser els departaments de Cusco, Junín, Lima i Madre de Dios. No es van trobar registres d’ocells parasitats per polls en set departaments del Perú. Només el 16 % de les espècies d’ocells del Perú tenen algun estudi referit a polls, per la qual cosa una proporció important d’ocells parasitats per polls està indocumentada. Dades publicades a GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/u1jtiu) Paraules claus: Avifauna, Ectoparàsits, Polls, Parasitologia, Phthiraptera Received: 02/11/2020; Conditional accceptance: 13/01/2021; Final acceptance: 21/01/2021 David Minaya, Fabiola Príncipe, José Iannacone, Grupo de Investigación Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA), Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Escuela Universitaria de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, El Agustino, Lima 15007, Perú.- José Iannacone, Carrera de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa el Salvador, Lima 15067, Perú. Corresponding author: J. Iannacone. E–mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: D. Minaya: 0000-0002-9085-5357; F. Principe: 0000-0001-6092-9995; J. Iannacone: 0000-0003-3699-4732 Introduction Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) are obligate ectoparasites that can be found worldwide on avian hosts, feeding mainly on feathers, blood, dead skin, or secretions (Price et al., 2003; Clayton et al., 2008; Durden, 2019). Birds are most commonly parasitized by two of the four suborders of the Phthiraptera group: Amblycera and Ischnocera (Clayton et al., 2010; Nunes et al., 2014). Most species of bird lice are highly host–specific as many species have been recorded on a single host, while other species have been recorded on other closely related birds (Tavera et al., 2019). In Peru, approximately 1,876 species of birds have been recorded through sightings, capture, or song identification (Plenge, 2020). This high diversity situates Peru as the country with the second highest diversity of birds in the world, surpassed only by Colombia (Plenge et al., 2020). However, the number of bird species with records of lice species is low. The study of bird lice in Peru began with the renowned world pioneer and specialist in Neotropical Mallophaga, Melbourne Carriker Jr. one of the first researchers to describe lice species in Peruvian birds. Carriker's long trajectory in the study of malophaga began in 1902 8 Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 19 (2021): 7–52 Minaya et al. but it was not until 1936 that he published a registry of mallophaga, including 26 species of lice collected from nine species of birds of the order Tinamiformes (tinamúes, partridges) from the departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, Junín, La Libertad, Lima, Puno and San Martín. From 1936 to 1967, Carriker continued to publish more records of mallophagous birds from the neotropics, including those from Peru. Among these multiple publications, 26 mention at least one species collected in Peru, making a total of 78 species of mallophaga reported in Peru during this period, and establishing a broad base for this country. Gonzales et al. (1949) are considered among the first Peruvians researchers to study ectoparasites (including lice) in domestic birds such as chickens. From 1949 to 1968, 13 malignant species were recorded in seven species of birds, three domestic and four wild species, in the Peruvian literature (Dale, 1970). Most of the records and reports of lice in birds in Peru were published in national and international media between 1936 and 2020. As these data are scattered over various da- tabases (virtual and physical), the objective of this study was to summarize this literature and present it as an annotation list, specifying the hosts and the localities where the hosts were captured. Material and methods This revised list was prepared from an extensive bibliographic review of reported lice re- cords on birds from Peru from 1936 to 2020 in the main international databases, as well as physical documents from collections and museums. This list does not include the records of abstracts at scientific meetings, congresses or symposia. The nomenclature of lice follows that of Price et al. (2003) and Smith et al. (2020). The revised list is made up of two sections: the first contains a list of the lice species, their synonyms, hosts, the locality where the birds were collected, the corresponding reference, and in some cases a comment; the second includes the list of host birds, their common name, their conservation status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and their respective lice. This section is arranged in alphabetical order according to the orders and families of the birds (see also appendix 1 and the dataset published through GBIF, Doi: 10.15470/u1jtiu). The host nomenclature follows that of Schulenberg et al. (2010) and Plenge (2020). Additionally, a map of Peru with its respective departments is presented to indicate the distribution of the species and hosts registered in each department. Results Checklist parasite – host Class Insecta Order Phthiraptera Haeckel, 1896 Suborder Amblycera Kellogg, 1896 Family Menoponidae Mjöberg, 1910 Actornithophilus Ferris, 1916 Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöberg, 1910) Synonym: Actornithophilus hoplopteri maculosus Carriker, 1963; Actornithophilus hoplopteri peruvianus Carriker, 1963. Host: Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus, 1758. Distribution in