Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil

Prado, Jefferson; Yoshie Hirai, Regina; Craig Moran, Robbin Fern and lycophyte Àora of Acre state, Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 17, núm. 4, 2017, pp. 1-59 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil

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ition Inventory

Fern and lycophyte ora of Acre state, Brazil

Jefferson Prado1*, Regina Yoshie Hirai1 & Robbin Craig Moran2

1 Instituto de Botânica, Herbário, C.P. 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 The New York Botanical Garden, Herbarium, 10458-5126, Bronx, NY, USA *Corresponding author: Jefferson Prado, e-mail: [email protected]

 .  .   . . Fern and lycophyte ora of Acre state, Brazil. iot eotropic.  : e  . http://
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Abstract: his pper pro€i
es •e‚s illƒstrtions short
escriptions n
€oƒcher speci„en cittions …or the …erns n
l‚coph‚tes o… cre r†il. ‡e reconi†e  totl o…  species in  ener n
ˆ …„ilies. … these the l‚coph‚tes re represente
b‚  species  ener n
…„ilies n
the …erns b‚ ˆ €rieties  sƒbspecies ˆ species  ener n
 …„ilies. he totl represents n increse o… species n
two €rieties co„pre
to  chec•list pƒblishe
in . he si „ost species rich ener re Adiantum   spp. Asplenium  Selaginella   Trichomanes  Lindsaea n
Microgramma  ech. one o… the species trete
here re en
e„ic to cre.  new co„bintion is „
e …or Meniscium chrysodioides ‰Še €r. goyazense. Keywords: Amazonia, Diversity, Floristics, Pteridophytes, Taxonomy

Flora de samambaias e licótas do estado do Acre, Brasil

Resumo: ‹ste trblho …ornece ch€es ilƒstrŒ•es
escriŒ•es cƒrts e citŒ•es
e „teril e„in
o pr s s„„bis e licótas do Acre, Brasil. Um total de 212 espécies, 66 gêneros e 28 famílias é reconhecido. Dentre estes, as licótas constituem 14 espécies, 4 gêneros e 2 famílias e as samambaias 8 variedades, 1 subespécie, 198 espécies, 62 gêneros e 26 famílias. O total representa um aumento de 22 espécies e duas variedades comparado ao checklist publicado em 2009. Os seis gêneros mais ricos são Adiantum   spp. Asplenium  Selaginella   Trichomanes  Lindsaea e Microgramma (9 cada). Nenhuma das espécies tratadas aqui é endêmica. Uma combinação nova é feita para Meniscium chrysodioides ‰Še €r. goyazense. Palavras-chave: Amazonia, Diversidade, Florística, Pteridótas, Taxonomia

Introduction In 1911–1912, Ule conducted a second expedition in the region of the Acre River. The rst Brazilian botanist to explore Acre was João Geraldo cre tte here…ter re…erre
to s Žcre• is locte
in the —ƒhl„nn who tr€elle
with rechl on
on throƒh „†oni soƒthwestern „†oni  •‘’•‘ n
• ‘’ •‘‡. t co€ers in  . –ter in  oris len
er —rƒ•o…… collecte
especill‚

boƒt  •„ n
contins ret €rition in toporph‚ soils n
around the Macauã River, in the Basin of Purus River. During the 1960s climates. This in turn promotes a diversity of vegetation types, oristic n
 s se€erl botnists collecte
in cre the „ost pro„inent bein afnities, and life forms. The state is part of the western Amazonia João Murça Pires, Ghillean T. Prance, Enrique Forero, Paul J. Maas, lowln
s with ele€tions rnin …ro„ ’  „ €lcnte . n
ƒlo ”. ‡in
isch. ƒrin the  s other botnists sƒch s –ƒis h‚siorphicll‚ it cn be con€enientl‚
i€i
e
into two reions. Coêlho, Cid Ferreira, Bruce Nelson, and Thomas Croat, collected in The rst is the southeastern region drained by basin of the Purus River Acre for the Project RADAMBRASIL. They were among the members n
b‚ the i€ers cre/ƒrƒs. he reion ehibits  pronoƒnce

r‚ o… three epe
itions to cre il€eir . seson …ro„ ƒne to ƒƒst. s  resƒlt se€erl species re shre
with In 1979 the Herbarium of the Federal University of Acre (UFACPZ) entrl r†il n
with other etr „†onin €eettion t‚pes tht ws estblishe
in the cit‚ o… io rnco. ts ol ws to
e€elop  lso ehibit  pronoƒnce

r‚ seson r
o “ ”ibbs . he secon
re…erence collection …or the stte. n  the erbriƒ„ sine
n reion is northwestern cre
rine
b‚ the ƒrƒ• i€er. his re is interntionl ree„ent o… coopertion with he ew ˜or• otnicl continƒoƒsl‚ wet lc•in 
istinct
r‚ seson. lon its bor
er with Garden (NY) to promote studies of the Acre ora. Since the herbarium’s erƒ re the „oƒntinoƒs o ne n
i€isor ne locll‚ clle
inception, botanists such as Douglas Daly (NY), Marcos Silveira (UFAC), the err
o o n
err
o i€isor respecti€el‚. n
others …ro„ „n‚ institƒtions h€e retl‚ increse
the nƒ„ber o… s oƒtline
b‚ r
o “ orn  , the rst expeditions to collections …ro„ cre. ccor
in to l‚ personl co„„ƒniction t cre n
the r†ilin „†on too• plce in ’ when ‹rnest the beginning of the project “Floristics and Economic Botany of Acre, Heinrich Georg Ule, a German botanist, collected along the rivers Tejo Brazil,” UFACPZ had about 2,000 specimens. It now has more than n
ƒrƒ• iri„. –ocll‚ this re is clle
Região do Alto Rio Juruá.  inclƒ
in non €scƒlr n
€scƒlr plnts. he pro€isionl http://
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r
o . et l. acronym of this herbarium was “HPZ,” and it was used in the checklist o… …erns n
l‚coph‚tes pƒblishe
b‚ r
o “ orn  . The ofcial, accepted acronym used now is UFACPZ. The collections that have accumulated over the years at UFACPZ provided the basis for the rst comprehensive checklist of ferns and lycophytes o… cre r
o “ orn . ht chec•list
ocƒ„ente
 …„ilies 60 genera, 178 species, and ve varieties. The goal of the present paper is to update the oristic account by r
o “ orn   inclƒ
e new species found since 2009, and provide a means of identication, including illƒstrtions n
•e‚s to the ener n
species.

Materials and Methods This Flora is arranged according to the most recent classication for …erns n
l‚coph‚tes ”   which reconi†es onl‚ „onoph‚letic roƒps. ‰or ese o… re…erence the …„ilies re rrne
lphbeticll‚ s re the ener n
species within the„. he nƒ„ber o… ener within  …„il‚ n
species within  enƒs re i€en in the tret„ents below n
these nƒ„bers enerll‚ correspon
to those …oƒn
in ”   . ƒthor bbre€itions …ollow ichi er„olli . ‰or bre€it‚ s‚non‚„s re o„itte
 ecept the bsion‚„ o… the ccepte
n„e. The rst author of this Flora did eldwork in several municipalities in cre
ƒrin three wee•s in ctober  bƒt „ost o… the in…or„tion gathered for this ora is based on herbarium studies. The main herbaria studied were UFACPZ, NY, RB, and SP. However, some specimens were recei€e
on lon …ro„   n
so„e speci„ens were stƒ
ie
t ‹  HB, HRCB, INPA, K, MG, MO, and UC. n the species tret„ents below ll „teril cite
is …ro„ cre. ‰or ech species the speci„ens re cite
in lphbeticl or
er b‚ „ƒniciplit‚ n
collector‘s sƒrn„e. ‰or ech collector the nƒ„bers o… collection were cite
in scen
in or
er. erl‚ ll the illƒstrtions were bse
on speci„ens collecte
in cre ‰iƒres ’ . ‰or so„e t we h
to ƒse 

itionl „teril …ro„ oƒtsi
e cre to prepre the
rwins e.. Phlegmariurus dichotomus
c. .. ner n in s ch instnces its non cre loclit is cite in the gure caption. Whenever possible, each illustration groups species o the se en s or ener o the se il. Figure 1. A. Adiantum humile. B. Adiantum pectinatum. C. Asplenium auritum. D. Cyathea pungens. E. Pleopeltis desvauxii. F. Parapolystichum effusum r. Results divergens. G. Phlebodium decumanum. H. Saccoloma inaequale
ll photos b .‚. l. Acre harbors a total fern and lycophyte ora consisting of 28 families,  ener  species  s bspecies n  rieties.  these the erns …n cre lcophtes re represente b two ilies: „copo icee n constit te  ilies  ener  species  s bspecies n  rieties †elinellcee. he „copo icee in cre re coprise o Phlegmariurus the lcophtes constit te  ilies  ener n  species. he si n Palhinhaea with one species ech. Selaginella with  species is ost species rich ener were: Adiantum
 spp. Asplenium
 the lrest en s o lcophtes in cre. Selaginella
 Trichomanes
 Lindsaea
 n Microgramma
. ‚osopolitn ‡ or ers ‡ ilies  ener c.  ‡‡ species. We did not nd any endemic species to the state; however, four apparently …n cre  or ers  ilies ‡ ener n  species. n escribe species occ r: two Steiropteris
iht be en eics one Lindsaea n one Arachniodes b t ore st  is nee e . 1. Ultimate branchlets terete; leaves many-rowed, radially arranged ltho h cre oes not he en eic species lon its bor er with ro n brnchlets strobili terete plnts hoosporo s ...... er there re two o ntino s res the o ne n iisor ne...... ˆ...... ˆ LYCOPODIACEAE hese res shelter two n en ern species not o n elsewhere in cre: 1. Ultimate branchlets complanate; leaves 4-rowed, with 2 medial rows Cyathea bipinnatida
ۥer oin
‚thecee n Pteris haenkeana tht point picll n  lterl rows tht point o twr or lterll ‚. resl
teri cee. strobili   rn lr plnts heterosporo s ..ˆ...... LYCOPHYTES ...... SELAGINELLACEAE

‚hrcteriƒe b lees siple entire sessile n sinle eine clle LYCOPODIACEAE icrophlls. he sporni re borne t le
sporophlls bses on the  il s rce nli•e erns where the sporni re borne bill or his il belons to the „copo iles n ‰ …
Š ccepte
ore rrel rinll. he sporophlls re siilr to the other lees or three s bilies. cre hrbors two o the s bilies: „copo ielloi ee else modied and aggregated to form spikes called strobili. The Lycophytes represente b Palhinhaea ‹rnco Œ •sc. n  perƒioi ee represente belon to the ‚lss „copo iopsi . b Phlegmariurus ol b. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://
.
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: eŠŽŠ‡ ŠŽ ‡

‹erns n lcophtes o cre

‚osopolitn  ener c. ‡ species. …n cre  ener  species. teril eine : ‚r ƒeiro o † l D.C. Daly et l. 10599
•“ D.C. Daly et l. 10683
•“ P. Delprete et l. 8063
•“ L.R. Marinho . lnts terrestril niso ichotoo sl brnche with lon horiƒontl 64
•“ L.R. Marinho 212
•“ J. Prado et l. 1160 (SP, UFACPZ), r nners lees orin pen nt strobili ˆ...... Palhinhaea J. Prado et l. 1191 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1331 (UFACPZ), G.T. . lnts epiphtic iso ichotoo sl brnche witho t horiƒontl Prance et l. 12525
‰ •“ A. Rosas Jr. et l. 313
•“. r nners lees not orin strobili ˆ...... ˆˆ...... Phlegmariurus orl istrib tion: ntropicl. errestril orin lre pop ltions b elonte horiƒontl r nners. Palhinhaea ‹rnco Œ •sc. €ol. †oc. €rot. s‘r.  : . Ž. he erect shoots re Š.•’.Š  tll hihl brnche n reseble  ‚hrcteriƒe b in horiƒontl stes creepin s pericil sll Pinus. he strobili re pen nt t the tips o the ltite brnches. in eterinte brnchin ichotoo sl in the horiƒontl plne lso
he lees re sll n nrrow c. .  .  . brnchin in the erticl plne to ie rise to sinle orsl rn• o erect Phlegmariurus erter olb resli  :  . . Lycopodium eterinte brnchin sstes these tree li•e their ste s rces oten sect. Phlegmariurus erter ot. hrb. st.   eibl.  :  .   . p ber lent the hirs c. Š.’Š.‡  lon nicell lr ltite brnchlets hrcterie b stes isoichotoosl brnche the brnches ll terete (not attened), isophyllous, with leaves polystichous, not in distinct siilr or in soe terrestril species slihtl i erentite into prostrte rn•s lc•in hline hirli•e pices eiero s brnchlets n ee erss erect eril brnches€ roots escenin throh the corte• to the ste bsent strobili sessile no in or pen nt sporophlls peltte with  bses n eerin in one bsl t t€ lees hoophllos or heterophllos ec rrent e il win strineo s t tie o spornil ehiscence entire or less rrel intel toothe€ ee n eiphores bsent€ sporni lost copletel enclose in cities ore b the corte o strobili bsent the sporni proce in ones lon the shoots€ sporophlls the strobilus and covered by the basal membranes of adjacent sporophylls, either siilr to the trophophlls or ore rece n ppresse reinin nisolte renior the epi erl cells with no lr thic•enins spores reen  ter the sporni ehisce€ sporni isolte€ sporophlls siilr r te to nerl sooth the si es cone t the e tor. to the trophophlls ttche t the bse not peltte  reinin reen  ter ntropicl c. • species  in cre. spornil ehiscence€ spores oeolte on istl ce sooth on pro•il in polr iew rone with cone• sies n nles cte. Palhinhaea cernua
„. •sc. Œ ‹rnco €ol. †oc. €rot s‘r.  : •. Ž. ntropicl€ c.  species  in ‚cre. Lycopodium cernuum „. †p. l. : Š‡. Ž•‡. Phlegmariurus dichotomus cƒ. „.. „ner …oon  :  . . ‹i res:  € Lycopodium dichotomum cƒ. †n. tirp. ‡inob. .  . bit/bitt: erb terrestril on sn  n cl soils in open plces. ˆires:  † Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. ‰teril e•ine: „ithot loclit M. Silveira s.n. (UFACPZ). „orl Šistribtion: ˆlori ‰e•ico ‚ntilles ‰esoeric n … oth ‚eric to olii. †piphtic€ istinct b icrophlls . . c lon entire n b the lees not i erentite s istinct strobili on the tips o the brnches. SELAGINELLACEAE

Characterized by attened branches dichotomously divided, presence o icrophlls ispose in two orsl rows n two lterl rows. ‚lso b the presence o rhiophores tht cn be ore •ill or b•ill on the brnch ichotoies.
he rhiophores re retl elonte n o not brnch ntil tochin the ron. elinellcee belons to the elinellles. ‚ lre n ierse il. ‹ecentl ‡lespino et l.   n ‡lespino   b escribe n new species o Selaginella. ‚ccorin to ‡lespino  b   species o the ens occr in ril. osopolitn inl in tropicl n sbtropicl res er   ‡lespino  ‰icŒel et l.  €  ens c.  species. •n ‚cre  species. Selaginella . e. ‰. †nccl.  : .   nom. cons. e chrcters s the il. 1. Main branches articulate (i.e., with a slight swelling or dark line just below ech bi rction o the brnches . rnches pbescent ...... S. exaltata . rnches lbros . ‚•illr lees withot ricles or with two inconspicos ricles ...... S. parkeri . ‚•illr lees with conspicos ricles Figure 2. A B. Palhinhaea cernua Prado et l. 1191  . A. bit. B. trobile. . ‚•illr n lterl lees with cilite rins .... S. sulcata C–E. Phlegmariurus dichotomus  ro ril ‹ori •lh e ‰rcŽ Milliken et l. 84 …• . C. bit. D. ‚pe• o  ertile brnch. E. porni. . ‚•illr n lterl lees sprsel enticlte http:// . oi.or/Š.•Š/Ž Š €• ŠŽ Š‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop.  : e   

ro . et l.

. ‚•illr n lterl lees with two er short ricles .. S. asperula Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial growing in terra rme forest, on sandy or cl soils. . ‚•illr n lterl lees with two conspicos ricles ...... ‰teril e•ine: ‰rechl
htro D.C. Daly et l. 7381 …• ...... S. conduplicata „orl Šistribtion: … oth ‚eric to er. . ‰in brnches not rticlte hrcterie b rticlte brnches •illr lees with two cre ricles lterl lees ech with the croscopic ricle loner thn the . ‰in erect brnches reish ...... S. haematodes bsiscopic one n orsl lees setric with cinte pices. . ‰in erect brnches reenish or strineos ‚ll lees on the plnt re sprsel enticlte. . ‰in stes copresse t bse ...... S. amazonica Selaginella exaltata ’ne prin ll. ‚c. ‹o. ci. r•elles   : . . Lycopodium exaltatum
ne inne : .   . . ‰in stes terete t bse ires:  8. Apex of the main branch agelliform ...... S. agellata Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme and várzea forest. 8. Apex of the main branch not agelliform Material examined: Bujari, W.A. Anderson 12124  rsili D.C. Daly et l. 6820 L.R. Marinho 258 . ‰eil lees lon•ristte or ristte (NY, UFACPZ); Cruzeiro do Sul,  J. Prado et l. 1289 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Jangoux et l.  . Šorsl lees ron with pe• lon•ristte lost 85-093   G.T. Prance et l. 12157  lcio e stro twice the lenth o the le ...... S. exuosa D.C. Daly et l. 6123 (NY, UFACPZ); Porto Valter, P.J.M. Maas et l. P12951   €io rnco D.C. Daly et l. 6676 (NY, UFACPZ);  . Šorsl lees elliptic setric n with pe• •en reir B. Nelson et l. 527  G.T. Prance et l. 7626  ristte ...... S. palmiformis ‚rc G.T. Prance et l. 7405  ƒpri A.R.S. Oliveira et l. 198 . ‰eil lees cinte   „ithot loclit… E. Forero et l. 6305 . „orl †istribtion: eso‡eric n  •oth ˆ‡eric to oli‰i. . ‘terl lees croscopicll riclte ...... S. lechleri . ‘terl lees not riclte ...... S. anceps

Selaginella amazonica prin ˆl. rs.  :  .  . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial on terra rme. ‰teril e•ine: en ‰reir D.C. Daly et l. 8199 …• . „orl Šistribtion: … oth ‚eric. hrcterie b in stes copresse t bse n lees enticlte withot ricles. Selaginella anceps . resl . resl ‚bh. ’onil. oh. “es. „iss. ser.  : . . Lycopodium anceps . resl ‹eliƒ. enŒ.  :  .  . ˆires: ‚  Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ‰teril e•ine: orto „lter T.B. Croat 85151 …• € en ‰reir D.C. Daly et l. 7891 …•  D.C. Daly et l. 8139 …• . „orl Šistribtion: ‰esoeric n … oth ‚eric to olii. hrcterie b the non•riclte •illr n lterl lees with cilite rins t bse n orsl lees cinte ech with two cilite ricles. Selaginella asperula prin ˆl. rs.  :  .  . ˆires: Š ˆ bit/bitt: erb€ terrestril in pin orest on sn soils. ‰teril e•ine: reiro o l T.B. Croat & A. Rosas Jr. 62643 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 10646 …•  J. Prado et l. 1155 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1156 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1169 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1185 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1192  UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1193 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1391  UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12643 …• € orto ‡lter D.C. Daly et l. 7573 (NY, UFACPZ). „orl Šistribtion: … oth ‚eric to olii. hrcterie b rticlte brnches •illr n lterl lees ech with two short ricles sprsel enticlte t bse n serrte istll Figure 3. A–C. Selaginella anceps Croat 85151 . A. ˆbŠil le‰es. B. ˆŠil orsl lees short•ristte riclte peltte.
he rins o lees re le‰es. C. †orsl le‹. D–F. Selaginella asperula Prado et l. 1391 •. D. ˆbŠil liht reen. le‰es. E. ˆŠil le‰es. F. ˆŠillr… le‹. G–I. Selaginella exaltata Prado et l. 1289 •. G. ˆbŠil le‰es. H. ˆŠil le‰es. I. ˆŠillr… le‹. J–L. Selaginella Selaginella conduplicata prin ˆl. rs.  :  .  . agellata Daly et l. 9479 . J. ˆbŠil le‰es. K. ˆŠil le‰es. L. ˆŠillr… le‹. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://•.oi.or/ . /• •…• •  Biota Neotrop. Œ : e•Ž ŒŽ • •Ž Œ

erns n l…coph…tes o‹ ˆcre

‚he lrest species o‹ Selaginella, o‹ten rowin o‰er the srronin Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream ‰eettion sin it ‹or spport. hrcterie b… rticlte pbescent ‡rins. brnches Šillr… le‰es s…‡‡etric not riclte entire lterl le‰es teril eŠ‡ine: reiro o •l J. Prado et l. 1184 (SP, UFACPZ), not riclte ppresse to the ste‡ entire n orsl le‰es s…‡‡etric J. Prado et l. 1319 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12305  aristate, basixed. The basal megaspore is so large that it pushes the Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12200  M. Silveira et l. 1273  strobils to one sie ‡‘in it pper croo‘e. €ories ˆl‰es J. Prado et l. 1362 (SP, UFACPZ). Selaginella agellata •prin ll. ˆc. €o…. •ci. rŠelles Ž : „orl †istribtion:  •oth ˆ‡eric. ••.  . hrcterie b… rticlte brnches the Šillr… le‰es wiest t or ner the ‡ile withot ricles or with two inconspicos ones enticlte ires: ’ lterl le‰es riclte with two enticlte ricles o‹ l‡ost the s‡e “bit/“bitt: “erb terrestril in ”iŠio• low terrces possibl… sie n orsl le‰es lon•c‡inte peltte riclte n serrte. ooded occasionally by overowing streams. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et l. 9479 (NY); Manoel Urbano, Selaginella sulcata †es‰. eŠ oir. •prin eŠ rt. lor •Ž•: ••. D.C. Daly et l. 11439  rechl ‚‡tro D.C. Daly et l.  Œ. Lycopodium sulcatum †es‰. eŠ oir. —nc…cl. •ppl. : .  . 7669 . „orl †istribtion: eŠico eso‡eric n tropicl •oth ˆ‡eric. ires: ’ Characterized by agelliform main axes, denticulate and non-auriculate Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on poorly Šillr… n lterl le‰es n orsl le‰es enticlte ristte n not rine soils nltin terrin issecte b… n‡eros stre‡s. riclte. ˆll le‰es h‰e h…line ‡rins. teril eŠ‡ine: reiro o •l D.C. Daly et l. 7381  • Selaginella exuosa •prin lor • : Œ.  . Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 9134  rechl ‚h‡tro D.C. Daly et l. 10585  • •en reir L. de Lima et l. 540  Habit/Habitat: Herb.; growing in forest on terra rme, on wet clay soils. UFACPZ); Xapuri, C. Figueiredo 214 . Material examined: Mâncio Lima, P. Fiaschi et l. 3390 . „orl †istribtion: ‚ropicl •oth ˆ‡eric. „orl †istribtion: eŠico eso‡eric n  •oth ˆ‡eric to oli‰i. hrcterie b… rose le‰es the orsl ones ron enticlte n lon•ristte the riste l‡ost twice the lenth o‹ the le‹. ˆŠillr… n lterl le‰es enticlte not riclte. Selaginella haematodes 
ne •prin l. rs. •: ••.  Ž. Lycopodium haematodes
ne inne : .   . ires: ˆ “bit/“bitt: “erb terrestril in open ‹orest on steep hill… terrin. teril eŠ‡ine: •nt €os D.C. Daly et l. 11141 . „orl †istribtion: eso‡eric n  •oth ˆ‡eric to oli‰i. hrcterie b… ‡in erect ste‡ reish so‡eti‡es lso with reish le‰es. ‚he Šillr… n lterl le‰es re not riclte ppresse to the ste‡ with serrlte ‡rins n o‹ten with whitish iioblsts ‰isible s ne streaks) running obliquely from the costae to the margins. The dorsal le‰es re sprsel… serrlte lon•c‡inte to ristte n not riclte. Selaginella lechleri Hieron., Nat. Panzenfam. 1(4): 683. 1901. ires: † Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8879 . „orl †istribtion: eso‡eric n  •oth ˆ‡eric. hrcterie b… the Šillr… le‰es cilite bsll… not riclte lterl le‰es croscopicll… riclte the ricles cilite n orsl le‰es cilite c‡inte n not riclte. Selaginella palmiformis ˆlston eŠ rbbe – ’er‡… ˆ‡er. ern ’. •  : . Œ . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream ‡rins. teril eŠ‡ine: •nt ci J. Pruski et l. 3466 . „orl †istribtion:  •oth ˆ‡eric. hrcterie b… the Šillr… le‰es with trncte bse not riclte n ‡rins enticlte. †orsl le‰es elliptic s…‡‡etric with ristte peŠ n ‡rins enticlte. rnches not rticlte. Figure 4. A–C. Selaginella haematodes Daly et l. 11141 . A. ˆbŠil Selaginella parkeri “oo‘. – re‰. •prin ll. ˆc. €o…. •ci. le‰es. B. ˆŠil le‰es. C. ˆŠillr… le‹. D–F. Selaginella lechleri Daly et l. rŠelles Ž: •.  . Lycopodium parkeri “oo‘. – re‰. ot. isc. 8879 . D. ˆbŠil le‰es. E. ˆŠil le‰es. F. †orsl le‹. G–I. Selaginella •: .  . parkeri Prado et l. 1184 •. G. ˆbŠil le‰es. H. ˆŠil le‰es. I. ˆŠillr… le‹. J–L. Selaginella sulcata Lima et l. 540 . J. ˆbŠil le‰es. K. ˆŠil ires:  le‰es. L. ˆŠillr… le‹. http://Š.oi.or/ Ž. Ž/ •Œ••Ž• •••Ž Œ•Ž • http://www.scielo.br/bn • Biota Neotrop. Œ : e•Ž ŒŽ • •Ž Œ

ro ’. et l.

hrcterie b… the Šillr… le‰es riclte n bsll… cilite •. nsi openin towr the l‡in ‡rin ...... LINDSAEACEAE lterl le‰es riclte the ricles cilite the croscopic ricle loner •. nsi when present openin towr the cost or se‡ent peŠ thn the bsiscopic one n orsl le‰es ristte peltte. . etioles in cross section with o‡e•shpe ‰sclr bnle FERNS . lse insi present rhio‡es creepin to ec‡bent sori Generally characterized by the presence of ddleheads, two lateral elonte to liner prph…ste ...... PTERIDACEAE Pteris liht•colore reophore lines on either sie o‹ the petioles n sporni borne on the lower sr‹ce o‹ the le‰es ‡rinl in Trichomanes n . lse insi bsent rhio‡es erect sori obconic poc‘et•li‘e Hymenophyllum. ‚he le‰es o‹ ‹erns re belie‰e to h‰e h  i‹‹erent non•prph…ste ...... SACCOLOMATACEAE e‰oltionr… oriin thn those o‹ l…coph…tes. or tht reson the… re clle . etioles in cross section with to ‡n… circlr ‰sclr bnles ‡eph…lls eph…lls ‰erss ‡icroph…lls l…coph…lls ‹or l…coph…tes. or two elonte or strp•shpe ones ‚he sporni re clstere on the bŠil sr‹ce o‹ the l‡ine not sinle on the Šil sr‹ce s in the l…coph…tes. . •pores tetrherl•lobose trilete ...... PTERIDACEAE   •Ž • trete these plnts in one clss ol…poiopsi n . •pores ‹bi‹or‡ ben•shpe ‡onolete ‹or sbclsses —˜isetie ™phiolossie rttiie ol…poiie os‡opolitn orers  ‹‡ilies n c. Ž Œ species. n ˆcre •. etioles ech with • strp•shpe ‰sclr bnles •• ‹‡ilies •• ener  species sbspecies n  ‰rieties. Œ. •ori ron le‰es pbescent with ciclr hirs these . •porni connte lterll… into s…nni so‡eti‡es short•‹or‘e picll… ...... •. •te‡s reen eril isoichoto‡osl… brnche le‰es s˜‡i‹or‡ ...... THELYPTERIDACEAE c. ‡‡ lon ...... PSILOTACEAE Œ. •ori elonte to liner le‰es lbros or i‹ pbescent •. •te‡s non•reen sbterrnen nbrnche le‰es ‹oliose ‡ore the hairs not lax, jointed, not acicular thn Ž c‡ lon ...... MARATTIACEAE . €hio‡e scles clthrte ..... ASPLENIACEAE . •porni ‹ree istinct . €hio‡e scles non•clthrte . ‡ine •cell thic‘ between the ‰eins ...... . inne opposite ‰eins ‹ree ner coste bt ...... HYMENOPHYLLACEAE nsto‡osin towr pinn ‡rins ...... ‡ine se‰erl cells thic‘ between the ‰eins ...... HEMIDICTYACEAE 4. Plants aquatic, oating ...... SALVINIACEAE . inne lternte ‰eins either ‹ree or ‡ore . lnts terrestril he‡i•epiph…tic or epiph…tic rrel… nsto‡osin throhot . inne ichoto‡osl… brnche with  b in the ‹or‘ the •Ž. •ori solitr… not pire bc‘•to•bc‘ se‡ents pectinte ...... GLEICHENIACEAE lon the s‡e ‰ein ‡in lterl ‰eins connecte b… cross ‰eins ...... inne nbrnche or i‹ so Lygodium the se‡ents ..... Meniscium pinntel… or pl‡tel… rrne THELYPTERIDACEAE •Ž. •ori t lest so‡e pire bc‘•to•bc‘ •. lnts rborescent ...... CYATHEACEAE lon the s‡e ‰ein iplioi ‡in •. lnts herbceos lterl ‰eins not connecte b… cross ‰eins Œ. •porni with  co‡plete picl nnls • . •b‡rinl connectin ‰ein present . lnts twinin ...... LYGODIACEAE l‡ine coriceos ...... . lnts not twinin DESMOPHLEBIACEAE . ‡ine •pinnte or ‡ore issecte ‰eins • . •b‡rinl connectin ‰ein bsent nsto‡osin or ‹ree sporni borne istll… l‡ine herbceos to chrtceos on erect elonte bsl pinne ...... ATHYRIACEAE ...... ANEMIACEAE •. etioles ech with or ‡ore ‰sclr bnles the • Šil . ‡ine entire to incise ‰eins ‹ree sporni ones lrer thn the ones in n rc below the‡ borne in ngerlike marginal lobes of the lamina ••. •ori liner n prllel to the ‡iribs le‰es reish ...... SCHIZAEACEAE when …on ...... BLECHNACEAE Œ. •porni with ‰erticl nnls interrpte t the ••. •ori ron or crostichoi le‰es reen when …on stl‘ or i‹ co‡plete then obli˜el… oriente ron the cpsle not picl n b…pssin the stl‘ • . •pores …ellow or whitish ...... POLYPODIACEAE Ž. €hio‡es hir… • . •pores brown or blc‘ . €hio‡es short•creepin ensel… hir… sori • . e‰es ••pinnte ech with  con‹or‡ picl pinn scttere ner the coste ...... METAXYACEAE with  s‘n‘•li‘e oor when crshe pinnles . €hio‡es lon•creepin sprsel… hir… sori i‡iite ...... DIDYMOCHLAENACEAE ‡rinl or sb‡rinl ...... • . e‰es si‡ple to •pinnte ech with tpere ...... DENNSTAEDTIACEAE pinnatid apices, without a skunk-like odor when Ž. €hio‡es scl… crshe pinnles when present non•i‡iite http://www.scielo.br/bn http://Š.oi.or/ Ž. Ž/ •Œ••Ž• •••Ž Œ•Ž • Biota Neotrop. Œ : e•Ž ŒŽ • •Ž Œ Œ

erns n l…coph…tes o‹ ˆcre

• . inn pirs •Ž Ž stolons present rchis scles with pointe en oriented basiscopically; older leaves typically with a small ddlehead t the tip ...... NEPHROLEPIDACEAE • . inn pirs when present to pirs stolons bsent rchis scles when present with pointe en oriente croscopicll… oler le‰es without a small ddlehead at the tip ••. lnts he‡iepiph…tic...... LOMARIOPSIDACEAE ••. lnts terrestril or holoepiph…tic •Œ. €chises n cost Šill… rone not roo‰e ensel… n e‰enl… pberlent with hirs c. Ž. ‡‡ lon or i‹ lbros rhio‡es n petioles with oor o‹ h…roen c…nie when ct ...... TECTARIACEAE •Œ. €chises n cost Šill… roo‰e lbros or i‹ pbescent the hirs loner thn Ž. ‡‡ ...... DRYOPTERIDACEAE

ANEMIACEAE

hrcterie b… •pinnte or ‡ore issecte l‡ine with bsl pinne lon•stl‘e n erect berin sporni istll…. etioles in cross•section ech with  sinle circlr ‰sclr bnle. elons to the •chieles n orer chrcterie b…  co‡plete picl nnls. ril is its center o‹ i‰ersit… with • species ic‘el •Ž •. ntropicl n sbtropicl bt preo‡inntl… eotropicl ens species. n ˆcre ens species. Anemia •w. •…n il. •: . Ž• nom. cons. hrcters o‹ the ‹‡il….

Anemia phyllitidis . •w. •…n. il. . Ž•. Osmunda phyllitidis . Figure 5. A B. Anemia phyllitidis Daly et l. 9779 •‚. A. ƒbit. B. ention •p. l. •: Ž• . Œ . o the sterile ron. C D. Asplenium angustum Daly et l. 8953 •‚. C. ƒbit. D. „ori. E F. Asplenium auritum Prance et l. 11977 •‚. E. ƒbit. F. „ori. ires: ˆ  G H. Asplenium brasiliense Michelangeli et l. 1383 •‚. G. ƒbit. H. „ori. “bit/“bitt: “erb terrestril on ri‰ersie ‰eettion n in terr rme forest. teril eŠ‡ine: ˆssis rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9779 (NY, UFACPZ); hrcterie b… liner or elonte sori n clthrte rhio‡e scles. rsili D.C. Daly et l. 9895 (NY, UFACPZ).
ite rible in linr issection n shpe. bot hl o the species „orl †istribtion: eŠico reter ˆntilles eŠcept erto €ico re epiph tic n the other hl ostl terrestril. eso‡eric tropicl n sbtropicl •oth ˆ‡eric. osopolitn c.  species  in cre. hrcterie b… he‡ii‡orphic le‰es with the bsl pinne erect n berin sporni istll… n sterile pinne with nsto‡osin ‰eins. . ees entire ASPLENIACEAE . ention reolte....... A. brasiliense . ention ree hrcterie b… the co‡bintion o‹ clthrte rhio‡e scles n elonte or liner sori. —Štre‡el… ‰rible s to le‹ issection ‹ro‡ si‡ple . ine ... c wie petioles bsent or er short to •pinnte. ™n lre ini‰ils • ‰sclr bnles ‡… be obser‰e in   c sori eil on istl portion o the lin ... the petiole bses s is t…picl ‹or —pol…pos  onl… ‰isible in s‡ll ........ A. angustum species. ™ther chrcters re ste‡s ict…ostelic erect ec‡bent or creepin le‰es ‡ono‡orphic rrel… sbi‡orphic with ‹ertile le‰es . ine ... c wie petioles present   c tller n ‡ore erect ‰eins ‹ree or nette their tips h…thoos Šill… sori enerll throhot the lin sori sll… oriente obli˜el… to the ‡irib insi‡ present ttche . etioles n rchises r brown to blc ..... A. stuebelianum lon the ‰ein on one sie o‹ the sors sporni with ‰erticl nnls interrpte b… the stl‘ the nnls cells t…picll… • the stl‘s with . etioles n rchises reenish or liht brown row o‹ cells. os‡opolitn • ener both in ˆcre. 5. Rachises and adjacent lamina with scales abaxially .… ...... A. serratum . €hio‡es erect or sberect le‰es pol…stichos rrne in ‡n… rows rill… ron the rhio‡es ...... Asplenium 5. Rachises and adjacent lamina glabrous abaxially …...... ..... A. pearcei . €hio‡es creepin le‰es istichos rrne in two rows on the orso•lterl sr‹ce o‹ the rhio‡es ...... Hymenasplenium . ees € to €pinnte Asplenium . •p. l. •: ŽŒ. Œ . . ees €pinnte http://Š.oi.or/ Ž. Ž/ •Œ••Ž• •••Ž Œ•Ž • http://www.scielo.br/bn † Biota Neotrop.  : e  

ro …. et l.

. ine elliptic pro‡il pinnles oerlppin the rchis ... Asplenium brasiliense w. Œon l. ‚etens•. ‰c
. 
nl. : ......  A. pedicularifolium Ž t
b.  g. 4. . . ine eltte pro‡il pinnles not oerlppin the rchis i res: ƒ  ...... A. cuneatum 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l on the b
n•s o• riŠers. . ees €pinnte
teri
l eˆ
ine: €
r

c… F.A. Michelangeli et
l. 1383 . World Distribution: Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. †. in pices conor terinl pinn siilr to the lterl ones €he onl species o• Asplenium in ‰cre with
reol
te Šeins. . terl pinne  or  pirs ...... A. pearcei Asplenium cirrhatum „ich. eˆ †ill. p. •l. : .  . . terl pinne  or ore pirs i res: Ž‰  . inne serrte line b‡ill withot lnlr hirs Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on ooded vegetation......  A. serra
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l G.T. Prance et
l. 12202  Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et
l. 1245 . . inne entire line b‡ill with inconspicos †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n tropic
l lnlr hirs ...... A. juglandifolium oth ‰eric
. oth Asplenium cirrhatum
n A. hallii h
Še
proli•eros b
t the 8. Lamina apices pinnatid or agellate, with terminal bud
peˆ o• the r
chis. Asplenium cirrhatum i••ers b trnc
te l
in
b
ses 11. Lamina apices agellate, with a terminal bud
n cren
te nlobe pinn
e. 12. Laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatid, the bases gradually tapered Asplenium cuneatum •
. nccl. : ‘. Ž. ...... A. hallii i res: Ž ‡ . ine €pinnte the bses trncte or nerl so .... Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on terra rme...... A. cirrhatum
teri
l eˆ
ine: •orto ‚
lter P.J.M. Maas et
l. P13103 . 11. Lamina apices pinnatid, without buds †orl ‡istribtion: ‰ntilles eso
eric
 tropic
l oth ‰eric
 •olnesi

n ‰•ric
. . ‰chises conspicosl wine ...... ... A. auritum ‡istinctiŠe
on the species in ‰cre b l
in
e elt
te
n ’pinn
te. . ‰chises not conspicosl wine The pinnules vary from entire to bid. Asplenium discrepans „osenst. „epert. pec. oŠ. „e ni ‚e . . croscopic rin o the pinne stronl entte . : Ž‘. ‘ ...... A. formosum i res: Žƒ  . croscopic rin o the pinne slihtl serrte ...... A. discrepans 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l rows in Šer wet soils.
teri
l eˆ
ine: „io r
nco C. Pessôa et
l. 177 . Asplenium angustum „w. Šonl. etens . c. ƒnl. † : †orl ‡istribtion: •er oliŠi
 •
r


n r
‹il onl in ‰cre.  tb.  g. 1. † . h
r
cteri‹e b pinn
e with 
r ins sli htl serr
te
n l
in
apices pinnatid. The proximal pinnae are reduced in size compared to ‹ires:  Œ the ei
l ones. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. Asplenium formosum †ill. p. •l. : ‘.  . •teril e‡ine: rŽeiro o „l G.T. Prance et l. 12637 •‚ Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8953 (NY, UFACPZ). i res: ‰  •orl Œistribtion: • „oth eric to ˆolii. 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in b
boo •orests. hrcteriŽe b line .. c wie rll ttente towr
teri
l eˆ
ine: en

reir
 M. Silveira et
l. 4123 . the pe‡ n bse. •he sori ten to occp eil n istl portions o the †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n tropic
l l
in
e
n the
re ore oblie to the r
chis 
n le   cop
re oth ‰eric
. to the siil
r Asplenium serratum
n A. stuebelianum 
n le   . Characterized by dark petioles and rachises, and pinnae pinnatid with Asplenium auritum w. . ot. chr
er  : .  .
croscopic 
r ins bient
te. i res:    Asplenium hallii oo•. p. il. :  . Ž . 
bit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. i res:  ‡ Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11466  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on terra rme. Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et
l. 11977 
rech
l €h

tr o
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12794  D.C. Daly 10531  •orto ‚
lter P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12930  ƒ L.R. Marinho 251  J. Prado et
l. 1166 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l.  P.J.M. Maas et
l. P13180  
nt
„os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 1306 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1379 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, 11305  en

reir
 M. Silveira et
l. 617 (NY, UFACPZ); J. Prado et
l. 1225 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 2850  ƒ  €
r

c… M. Silveira et
l. 921  G.T. Prance 7247  ƒ  G.T. G.T. Prance et
l. 12246A  ƒ . Prance et
l. 7382 . †orl ‡istribtion:  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. †orl ‡istribtion:  eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth Characterized by regularly pinnatid pinnae and a proliferous bud at ‰eric
to oliŠi
. the tip o• the r
chis. 
sil reco ni‹e b epiphtic h
bit conspicosl win e r
chises and rm-textured laminae. Asplenium juglandifolium •
. nccl. : . Ž. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://‡.oi.or/./ €€ˆ•€ € Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘   ‘

erns
n lcophtes o• ‰cre

i res:   †orl ‡istribtion:  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on ooded vegetation near river margins. €he l
in
e o• Asplenium pearcei Š
r •ro entire to ’pinn
te. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. 8464 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. †hen ’pinn
te the terin
l pinn
is siil
r the l
ter
l ones in sh
pe
n Daly et
l. 9330  r‹eiro o l G.T. Prance et
l. 2786  ƒ  si‹e. ”nl one or two l
ter
l p
irs o• pinn
e
re proce. Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1318 (SP, UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, Asplenium pedicularifolium ‰. t.’il. ‚o. ‡istr. ‡i
. :  .  . D.C. Daly et
l. 7764  •orto ‰cre A.R.S. Oliveira et
l. 761  „ori es ‰lŠes J. Prado et
l. 1262 (SP, UFACPZ). i res:  ‡ †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico 

ic
 eso
eric

n tropic
l Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forests on terra rme. oth ‰eric
. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et
l. 8926 (NY, UFACPZ), „eseblin Asplenium serra bt i••erin b entire pinn
e sori ore G.T. Prance et
l. 12246 . spre
in with respect to the pinn
r
chises
n presence o• inconspicos †orl ‡istribtion: ƒi
n
s c
or •er
n  r
‹il. l
nl
r h
irs on the l
in
e
b
ˆi
ll. h
r
cteri‹e b elliptic l
in
e t
pere proˆi
ll
n ist
ll with the 
in r
chis oŠerl
ppe b b
s
l pinnles. €he l
in
e r 
r• brown. Asplenium pearcei 
•er n. il. e.   . . Asplenium serra •
n s. • isch. •l. ‚o. „sses one : Ž i res: ‰  t
b. ‘.  . Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in terra rme forests.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r
sil“i
 D.C. Daly et
l. 11906  r‹eiro i res:   o l J. Prado et
l. 1350 (UFACPZ); Feijó, P. Delprete et
l. 8543  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on trunk in the oor of forest on terra rme. Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et
l.12168 (NY); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1224 (SP, UFACPZ). 11226 
rech
l €h

tr o D.C. Daly et
l. 7336 (NY, UFACPZ); †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n tropic
l
n •orto ‚
lter S.R. Lowrie et
l. 525  P.J.M. Maas et
l. P13295  sbtropic
l oth ‰eric
. G.T. Prance et
l. P13269  
nt
„os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 9948  en
h
r
cteri‹e b ’pinn
te l
in
e serr
te pinn
e
n sori
t
Šer
reir
 M. Silveira 4126  €
r

c… C. Herinhaus et
l. 397 
cte
n le soeties ne
rl p
r
llel with respect to the pinn
r
chises. †ithot loc
lit J. Jangoux et
l. 85-096  ƒ . €he terin
l se ent o• the l
in
is con•or i.e. siil
r in sh
pe to

Figure 6. A B. Asplenium cirrhatum Silveira et
l. 1245 . A. 
bit. Figure 7. A B. Asplenium formosum Silveira et
l. 4123 . A. 
bit. B. ori. B. ori. C D. Asplenium cuneatum Maas et
l. P13103 . C. 
bit. D. ori. C D. Asplenium hallii Prado et
l. 1306 •. C. 
bit. D. ori. E F. Asplenium E F. Hymenasplenium delitescens Daly et
l. 9811 . E. 
bit. F. ori. juglandifolium Prado et
l. 1318 •. E. 
bit. F. ori. G H. Hymenasplenium G H. Asplenium discrepans Pessôa et
l. 177 . G. 
bit. H. ori. delitescens Croat et
l. 86026 . G. 
bit. H. ori. http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘  

•r
o . et
l. the l
ter
l pinn
e or ne
rl so. €he rhi‹oe sc
les
re bl
c• istinctl €he reenish or li ht brown petioles istin ish it •ro Asplenium clathrate, with liform apices. stuebelianum which h
s 
r• brown to bl
c• petioles. 
r ore coon th
n A. stuebelianum the other species in ‰cre with siple entire le
Šes. Asplenium serratum •. p. •l. :  ‘.  . Asplenium stuebelianum ieron. ewi i
: . ‘ . i res: ‘‰  i res: ‘ ‡ Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme and on ooded 
bit/
bit
t: erb epiphte or terrestri
l in open •orest with b
boo. Še et
tion ne
r riŠer 
r ins. Material examined: Feijó, D.C. Daly et
l. 8500 (NY); Mâncio Lima,
teri
l eˆ
ine: ‰ssis r
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9808 (NY, UFACPZ); D.C. Daly et
l. 8952 (NY, UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, D.C. r
sil“i
 D.C. Daly et
l. 6771 (NY, UFACPZ); Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. 9328  Daly et
l. 10524  D.C. Daly et
l. 10552  „io r
nco D.C. M. de Pardo et
l. 80  r‹eiro o l D.C. Daly et
l. 11717  Daly et
l. 6871A (NY, UFACPZ). P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12863  ƒ  J. Prado et
l. 1187 (SP, UFACPZ), †orl ‡istribtion: €ropic
l oth ‰eric
. J. Prado et
l. 1197 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1317 (SP, UFACPZ), J. •ess coon th
n the siil
r Asplenium serratum.
n speciens Prado et
l. 1340 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1382 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. o• A. stuebelianum h
Še sbterin
l bs. €he i••erences pointe ot in the •e sep
r
te these species. Prance et
l. 2785 (NY); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1135 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 9136  D.C. Daly et
l. 11241  Hymenasplenium 

t
 ot.
. €o•o ‘: . ‘. •l…cio e 
stro C. Figueiredo & I. Riveiro 592  L.G. Lohmann iil
r to Asplenium bt i••erin b rhi‹oes creepin  sli htl & E.C. de Oliveira 492  „ori es ‰lŠes J. Prado et
l. 1237 • attened dorsiventrally, and bearing swollen petiole bases. The leaves UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1255 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1291 •
re
rr
n e istichosl on orso’l
ter
l sr•
ces o• the rhi‹oes. UFACPZ); Santa Rosa, D.C. Daly et
l. 10053(NY, UFACPZ), D.C. €he eotropic
l species were reŠise b r
•
i • or
n ‘‘  Daly et
l. 10984  D.C. Daly et
l. 11106  en

reir
 who reco ni‹e  species. D.C. Daly et
l. 7841 (NY, UFACPZ). •
ntropic
l c
. species  in ‰cre. †orl ‡istribtion:  lori
 eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n tropic
l
n sbtropic
l oth ‰eric
.

Figure 9. A B. Asplenium serratum Prado et
l. 1317 •. A. 
bit. B. ori. C D. Asplenium stuebelianum Daly et
l. 10524 . C. 
bit. D. ori. Figure 8. A B. Asplenium pearcei Silveira et
l. 4126 . A. 
bit. B. ori. E F. Diplazium ambiguum Daly et
l. 10464 . E. •inn
. F. ertile se ent. C D. Asplenium pedicularifolium Daly et
l. 8926 . C. 
bit. D. ori. G H. Diplazium andicola Pinard et
l. 812 . G. •
rt o•
•ertile •ron. E F. Asplenium serra Prado et
l. 1224 •. E. 
bit. F. ori. H. ‚en
tion
n sori. I. Diplazium praestans Prance et
l. 7400 . I. 
bit. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘   

erns
n lcophtes o• ‰cre

Hymenasplenium delitescens 
ˆon •. „e
l
o • •r

 ‰er.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l D.C. Daly et
l. 7394  ern .  : .  – —. Diplazium delitescens
ˆon ontr. UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, D.C. Daly et
l. 10302  en
U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 497, tab. 56, g. 1. ‘ .
reir
 D.C. Daly et
l. 13271 „ •
pri M. Pinard et
l. 812 . †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth i res: Ž  ƒ  ‰eric
. 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l rows riŠersie Še et
tion
n on h
r
cteri‹e b l
in
e ’pinn
te pinn
e entire
n   ™ .  c terra rme forest.
n Šeins •ree. •roˆi
l
n ei
l pinn
e oblon ’elliptic or oblon ’
teri
l eˆ
ine: ‰ssis r
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9811 (NY, UFACPZ); l
nceol
te with the b
ses either cne
te or trnc
te. ost siil
r is r‹eiro o l D.C. Daly et
l. 11707 
rech
l €h

tr o Diplazium mattogrossense ‰. 
p. which
pp
rentl i••ers b pinn
D.C. Daly et
l. 7337 (NY, UFACPZ); Porto Acre, T.B. Croat et
l. 86026 p
irs   Šs.   p
irs in D. andicola. ‰lso D. mattogrossense h
s  „io r
nco H.C. de Lima et
l. 2078 „. pinn
b
ses trnc
te
n with
n
croscopic
ricle. †orl ‡istribtion:  eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth Diplazium praestans (Copel.) Maxon & C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. ‰eric
to oliŠi
. 
tl. erb. : . ‘Ž. Athyrium praestans opel. ‰er. ern . : Characterized by thin leaves, pinnatid lamina apices, and pinnae   t
b. . ‘. ispose
t
lost ri ht
n le to the r
chis. €he proˆi
l pinn
e
re l
r e i res: ‘›   c lon
n not rece. „
chises not win e or inconspicosl win e. ‚eins Š
r •ro   •or•e. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forests on terra rme.
teri
l eˆ
ine:
rech
l €h

tr o D.C. Daly et
l. 7721  ATHYRIACEAE UFACPZ); Tarauacá, G.T. Prance et
l. 7400  ƒ . †orl ‡istribtion:  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. €errestri
l or rpicolos. ‡istin ishe •ro ‰spleni
ce
e which
lso h
r
cteri‹e b entire oblon le
Šes with
reol
te Šeins. h
s elon
te sori b non’cl
thr
te rhi‹oe sc
les
n  petiol
r Š
scl
r bundles that unite distally to form a “U” (in Asplenium the •or
n ˜™š. BLECHNACEAE ‰thri
ce
e
re
lw
s terrestri
l the ‰spleni
ce
e
re terrestri
l or h
r
cteri‹e b reish on le
Šes
n elon
te sori p
r
llel
n epiphtic. ”ther ch
r
cters const
nt within the ‰thri
ce
e
re sterile
n on both sies o• the iribs. €he insi
open tow
r the irib not the •ertile le
Šes onoorphic Šen
tion •ree or
reol
te withot incle pinn

r in. €he le
Šes
re s
ll entire to ’pinn
te Blechnum or Šeinlets
n sori elon
te to line
r or ’sh
pe s
ll insi
te. ’pinn
te in Salpichlaena. osopolit
n ener
 c
. Ž species. ›n ‰cre  ens species. ‰ltho h
eber o• the polpos ›› in the •olpoi
les the Diplazium w. . ot. chr
er  :  Ž.  . lechn
ce
e h
Še the tpic
l petiol
r Š
scl
r bnle
rr
n eent o• polpos › th
t is there
re two enl
r e

ˆi
l bnles
n
n
rc h
r
cteri‹e b sori p
ire b
c•’to’b
c•
lon the s
e Šein wh
t o• seŠer
l to 
n s
ller ones bene
th. is tere
˜ipl
‹ioi sors.š €his sor
l ch
r
cter is ne
rl nie
on osopolit
n  ener
 c
. Ž species. ›n ‰cre  ener
 species. •erns. Diplazium is
lw
s terrestri
l where
s the siil
r Asplenium 
 . •l
nts terrestri
l le
Šes ’pinn
te œœœœœœ...... œ Blechnum be either terrestrial or epiphytic. Usually non-clathrate rhizome scales help istin ish the ens •ro Asplenium which h
s cl
thr
te rhi‹oe . •l
nts clibin  le
Šes ’pinn
te œœœœ...... œœ Salpichlaena sc
les. €he nber o•
nnls cells in the two ener

lso i••ers:   in Diplazium
n   in Asplenium. Blechnum •. p. •l. :  .  . •
ntropic
l
n sbtropic
l c
.  species in ‰cre. h
r
cteri‹e b the presence o• stolons non’clibin  ’pinn
te or pinnatisect leaves usually tapered and pinnatid toward the apex. D. ambiguum 1. Laminae 2-pinnate-pinnatid proximally ……...... •
ntropic
l species  in ‰cre. . •
in
e siple entire or ’pinn
te Blechnum occidentale •. p. •l. :  .  . . •
in
e siple entire Šeins
reol
te œœœœœ D. praestans i res:  ‰  . •
in
e ’pinn
te Šeins •ree ...... D. andicola Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l P.J.M. Maas et
l. P13242 . Diplazium ambiguum „
i ”psc ci. : ‘. ‘. World Distribution: SE USA, Mexico, Antilles, Mesoamerica, and i res: ‘  tropic
l
n sbtropic
l oth ‰eric
. h
r
cteri‹e b elt
te ’pinn
te l
in
e. €he species reproces Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial on disturbed area of terra rme.
teri
l eˆ
ine:
rech
l €h

tr o D.C. Daly et
l. 10464 .
seˆ
ll b stolons r
i
tin •ro the erect rhi‹oes. €errestri
l
lon †orl ‡istribtion: tropic
l oth ‰eric
. tr
ils
n ro
s. h
r
cteri‹e b l
in
e ’pinn
te’pinn
ti•i b
s
ll
n Salpichlaena . . . ot. oo•er : Ž. . 1-pinnate-pinnatid distally. h
r
cteri‹e b twinin h
bit o• the r
chises
n ’pinn
te clibin Diplazium andicola tol‹e . Œessler • ‰.„. . rittoni
‘: le
Šes. €he twinin le
Šes 
 re
ch the top o• the trees
n
re tpic
ll ‘Ž.  . Diplazium grandifolium w. w. Š
r. andicola tol‹e ieli
n
    lon . €he non’clibin le
Šes
re ’pinn
te. ”nl one other ens ot. n.s. : . ‘‘. o• •erns Lygodium clibs b e
ns o•
twinin r
chis. €winin r
chises
re n•nown in
n iospers. ‰nother ns
l ch
r
cter o• Salpichlaena i res: ‘ƒ  is th
t the insi
 with spor
n i

tt
che •
ll o•• with
e. o other Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream •ern ens oes this. 
r ins. eotropic
l species  occr in ‰cre http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘  

•r
o . et
l.

. ertile pinn
e with Šer n
rrow with contr
cte l
in
r tisse œœœ ›n contr
st to Salpichlaena hookeriana S. volubilis occrs in pl
n œ...... œœ...... œ.. S. hookeriana •orests
n is wiespre
 in the eotropics. . ertile pinn
e with l
in
r tisse eˆp
ne œœœ...... S. volubilis CYATHEACEAE

Salpichlaena hookeriana Œnt‹e ‰lston ll. isc. ›n•or. Œew h
r
cteri‹e b
rborescent h
bit
n l
r e iŠie le
Šes. ‘ : . ‘ . Spicanta hookeriana Œnt‹e „eŠis. ƒen. •l. : . ‘. €he 
the
ce
e coonl c
lle tree •erns
re
eber o• the orer 
the
les. €he orer which h
s ei ht •
ilies incles the et
ˆ
ce
e i res:   ‡
pri
ril ‰
‹oni
n •
il. oe o• the species stie here were Habit/Habitat: Herb; climbing on ooded vegetation near stream margins. recentl tre
te b •ehnert  Ž.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1161 (SP, UFACPZ); •
ntropic
l ener
 c
. Ž species. ›n ‰cre  ener
  species. Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1229 (SP, UFACPZ). 1. Petiole scales lacking dark marginal setae (magnication needed); †orl ‡istribtion:  oth ‰eric
. petiole b
ses not spin or i• so the spines not shin bl
c• pl
nts h
r
cteri‹e b n
rrow contr
cte •ertile pinn
e ne
rl l
c•in s
ll sin le’stee œœœœ...... Cyathea
n reen l
in
r tisse. €he sori coŠer the entire pinn
e sr•
ce. s occ
sion
ll occr in the
ˆils o• the pinn
e. €his species is •nown onl 1. Petiole scales with dark marginal setae (magnication needed); petiole b
ses spin the spines shin bl
c• pl
nts ltiple’stee œœœ •ro ‰
‹oni
n r
‹il
n nei hborin contries. œœœœœœ..œ...... Alsophila Salpichlaena volubilis Œ
l•. . . . ot. oo•er : Ž. . Alsophila „. r. •ror. .  . Blechnum volubile Œ
l•. n. ilic. ‘. . h
r
cteri‹e b
rborescent h
bit
n 
r•’setlose petiole sc
les i res:    (magnication needed to see setulae). The trunks branch at the base, with Habit/Habitat: Herb; climbing on terra-rme vegetation near stream the br
nches rowin ownw
r into the soil
n not procin le
Šes. ›n 
r ins. the soil the row
w
 •ro the 
in ste
n then trn erect •orin

teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1200 (SP, UFACPZ). tpic
l le
•’be
rin ste in this w
 ltiple’stee colonies
re •ore. †orl ‡istribtion: ‰ntilles eso
eric

n tropic
l oth ‰eric
. •
ntropic
l c
.  species  in ‰cre. Alsophila cuspidata Œn‹e ‡.. on
nt . ‰rnol ‰rbor. Ž: . ‘ . Cyathea cuspidata Œn‹e •inn
e
‘:  .  . i res: ‰ ‡ Habit/Habitat: Tree fern; forest on terra rme.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r
sil“i
 D.C. Daly et
l. 9881  D.C. Daly et
l. 11886 
rech
l €h

tr o D.C. Daly et
l. 7427 (NY, UFACPZ). †orl ‡istribtion: eso
eric

n tropic
l oth ‰eric
. h
r
cteri‹e b bl
c• sh
rp spines on the petiole b
ses
brptl contr
cte l
in

pices inte stell
te h
irs on the
b
ˆi
l sr•
ce o• the l
in
e
n lobose insi
. Cyathea . “. ‰c
. „o. ci. €rin : Ž. ‘ . €he secon l
r est ens o• 
the
les with Ž species. €he ‰cre species 
 be istin ishe b the
rborescent h
bit
n petiole sc
les lacking dark setae (magnication needed to determine this). The Acre species l
c• insi

ltho h these strctres 
 be •on in other species o• Cyathea. •
ntropic
l not in ‰•ric

n continent
l ‰si
 onl
•ew in •olnesi
 el
nesi

n ›nonesi
 Ž species in ‰cre. . pines o• the petioles
n r
chises c
.    lon œ C. pilosissima . pines o• the petioles
n r
chises    lon 2. Leaves 2-pinnate-pinnatid; costae not spiny; apex of the ultimate se ents ron ost o• the Šeins siple ...... C. pungens . •e
Šes ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect cost
e spin
peˆ o• the lti
te se ents
cte ost o• the Šeins •rc
te ...... C. microdonta

Cyathea microdonta ‡esŠ. ‡oin •teriopht
Ž . ‘‘. Polypodium microdontum ‡esŠ. ƒes. 
tr•. rene erlin
. eesten ntec•. Figure 10. A B. Blechnum occidentale Maas et
l. P13242 . A. 
bit. ƒes
ten 
tr•. : ‘. . . ori. C D. Salpichlaena hookeriana Prado et
l. 1229 •. C. •
rt o•
•ron. B i res:   D. ‚en
tion o• the sterile •ron. E F. Salpichlaena volubilis Prado et
l. 1200 •. E. •
rt o•
•ron. F. ‚en
tion o• the sterile •ron. 
bit/
bit
t: €ree •ern •orest ne
r riŠer 
r ins. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘   

erns
n lcophtes o• ‰cre

teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1190 (SP, UFACPZ); Cyathea pungens †ill. ‡oin •teriopht
Ž . ‘‘. Polypodium Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11558 . pungens †ill. p. •l. :  Ž.  . †orl ‡istribtion:  eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth i res: ‡ › Œ ‰eric
to oliŠi
. h
r
cteri‹e b spines   lon on the petioles r
chises
n Habit/Habitat: Tree fern; ooded vegetation near stream margins. pinn
r
chises
n b non’insi
te sori. €he spines
re the s
e color
s
teri
l eˆ
ine: r
sil“i
 D.C. Daly et
l. 6823 (NY, UFACPZ), the petioles
n r
chises nli•e Alsophila where the
re shin
n bl
c•. L. Ferreira & L.C. Ming 117 (NY, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et
l. €he le
Šes
re ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect
n the lti
te se ents    1252 (NY); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 9087 
rech
l wie with
cte
pices. ost o• the Šeins
re •rc
te. €his species o•ten €h

tr o D.C. Daly et
l. 10239  
nt
„os
 D.C. Daly et
l. proces short erect l
ter
l br
nches •ro the b
se o• the trn•. €he other 10165  D.C. Daly et
l. 11175 . species o not proce sch br
nches. †orl ‡istribtion: ‰ntilles
n  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. h
r
cteri‹e b sp
rsel spin petioles
n r
chises the spines c
. Cyathea pilosissima 
•er ‡oin •teriopht
Ž. ‘‘. Polypodium     lon . €he spines
lso h
Še the s
e color o• the petioles pilosissimum 
•er n. il. oo•. • 
•er e. : . .
n r
chises nli•e Alsophila, which h
s bl
c• shin spines th
t contr
st i res: ƒ  strongly with the color of the petiole. The leaves are 2-pinnate-pinnatid Habit/Habitat: Tree fern; in disturbed forest on terra rme.
n the lti
te se ents Š
r   wie
n the
peˆ is rone. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et
l. 11603  ost o• the Šeins
re siple. „ori es ‰lŠes J. Prado et
l. 1231 (SP, UFACPZ). DENNSTAEDTIACEAE †orl ‡istribtion: eso
eric

n  oth ‰eric
. h
r
cteri‹e b petioles sp
rsel beset with inconspicos short €he •
il is ch
r
cteri‹e b creepin rhi‹oes th
t
re thinl    lon  spines. €he spines
re ost eŠient tow
r the petiole pbescent sc
les onl in Histiopteris . ‰
rh . . the presence b
ses. €he se ent 
r ins
re ent
te
n the Šeins
re pbescent on o• epipetiol
r bs i.e. new rhi‹oes •ore
t the b
ses o• the both sr•
ces. petioles
n petioles cont
inin
n oe
’sh
pe Š
scl
r bnle this soeties h
r to iscern in Pteridium with the open en o• the oe
oriente

ˆi
ll. osopolit
n  ener
 c
. Ž species. ›n ‰cre  ener
 species. . ori ron •ore in sins spplie b
sin le Šein insi
cp’sh
pe œœ...... Dennstaedtia . ori line
r not •ore in sins spplie b seŠer
l to 
n Šeins insi
line
r œœ...... Pteridium

Dennstaedtia ernh. . ot. chr
er  : .  – —. h
r
cteri‹e b creepin rhi‹oes epipetiol
r bs
n oe
’sh
pe petiol
r Š
scl
r bnle 
r in
l sori spplie b
sin le Šein
n cp’sh
pe insi
. ‰ccorin to the ••ƒ ›  Ž Dennstaedtia
s crrentl circscribe is polphletic. €ropic
l
n teper
te c
.  species  species in ‰cre. Dennstaedtia bipinnata 
Š.
ˆon •roc. iol. oc. †
shin ton : ‘. ‘ . Dicksonia bipinnata 
Š. ‡escr. •l. .  . i res: ‰  Habit/Habitat: Tree fern; ooded vegetation near stream margins. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11418 . †orl ‡istribtion:  eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. h
r
cteri‹e b ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect le
Šes lti
te se ents
ctel to sb’
ctel ent
te r
chises
n pinn
’r
chises rooŠe

ˆi
ll sori borne in the sinses
n insi
cp’sh
pe. ollecte onl once in ‰cre. Pteridium ƒle. eˆ cop. l. 
rniol. Ž‘  . Ž  nom. cons. h
r
cteri‹e b l
in
e ’ or ’pinn
te elt
te or pent
on
l sori marginal, covered by a reexed indusium; sterile margins also reexed. ›t is the onl •ern ens th
t h
s the se ent 
r ins reŠolte i.e.
Figure 11. A–D. Alsophila cuspidata Daly et
l. 7427 . A. •innle. B. 
se o• the ˜•
lse insiš when spor
n i

re
bsent bene
th. ›n other ener
petiole. C. ertile se ent. D. ori.  F. Cyathea microdonta Prado et
l. 1190 •. E with •
lse insi
e. . Adiantum •. Pteris •. insi
•or onl when E. •inn
. F. terile se ent. G H. Cyathea pilosissima Prado et
l. 1231 •. G. •inn
. H. terile se ent. I–K. Cyathea pungens Daly et
l. 11175 . spor
n i

re present. I. •inn
. J. 
se o• the petiole. K. ertile se ent. osopolit
n c
.  species  in ‰cre. http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘  

•r
o . et
l.

Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 23(1226): eotropic
l  ens  species. Ž . ‘ . Pteris caudata •. p. •l. :    Ž.  . Desmophlebium nssen et
l. €
ˆon Ž:  g. 5 
p.  Ž. i res: ‡  h
r
cters o• the •
il  species in ‰cre. 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in cle
re l
n besie tr
ils. Desmophlebium lechleri  ett. nssen et
l. €
ˆon Ž: .  Ž.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1178 (SP, UFACPZ); Asplenium lechleri ett. il. •echl. : Ž t
b. . Ž. Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et
l. 2864 . †orl ‡istribtion:  lori
 eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  i res:  ‰  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. h
r
cteri‹e b lon ’c

te pinn

n pinnle
pices
n b
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1332 (SP, UFACPZ). short’ecrrent b
ses o• lti
te se ents. €his species is here reco ni‹e †orl ‡istribtion: eso
eric

n  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. in the bro
 sense
s h
s been tr
ition
ll one. ›t belon s to
copleˆ o• species th
t nee •rther sties to eterine the leŠel o• ploi o• the ‰
‹oni
n popl
tions. DIDYMOCHLAENACEAE DESMOPHLEBIACEAE Unique among Eupolypods I by elongate sori (Zhang & Zhang 2015. h
r
cteri‹e b two Š
scl
r bnles in thic• petiole b
ses ip
ripinn
te ‰lso reco ni‹e b ’pinn
te le
Šes with
con•or
pic
l se ent. riosl l
in
e
ltern
te pinn
e with the ist
l ones ecrrent
n Šeins connecte the l
in
tisse h
s
s•n•’li•e oor when crshe. rther istinctiŠe ch
r
cters
re petioles with  or ore Š
scl
r bnles the two

ˆi
l
t the tips b
continos sb
r in
l Šein  nssen et
l.  Ž. ones enl
r e seŠer
l s
ller ones
rr
n e in
n
rc below 
b
ˆi
ll on’cl
thr
te rhi‹oe sc
les will help istin ish this species •ro the pinnles entire
n iii
te sori elliptic’oblon on the ist
l ens o• Asplenium which
lso h
Še line
r sori. Desmophlebium nssen et
l. Šeins with insi o•ten soewh
t sn•en into the l
in
 ebosse is
lw
s terrestri
l neŠer epiphtic
s
re 
n species o• Asplenium. on the

ˆi
l sie o• the l
in
 insi
elon
te centr
ll
tt
che ›t
lso resebles Diplazium ‰thri
ce
e bt i••ers b sori not ipl
‹ioi
lon
line openin on both sies o• e
ch Šein. €he rhi‹oes
re erect i.e. p
ire b
c•’to’b
c•
lon the s
e Šein
n the presence o•

n 
ssiŠe to c wie. sb
r in
l connectin Šein. €his •
il w
s recentl se re
te •ro ‡ropteri
ce
e b
se on €his •
il w
s recentl escribe b nssen et
l.  Ž. ›t w
s orpholo ic
l
n olecl
r eŠience Zhang & Zhang 2015. se re
te •ro the ‰thri
ce
e. •
ntropic
l bt
bsent in ‰str
li
  ens  species.

Figure 12. A–C. Dennstaedtia bipinnata Daly et
l. 11418 . A. •inn
. Figure 13. A B. Desmophlebium lechleri Prado et
l. 1332 •. A. •
rt o•
•ertile B. ertile se ents. C. ors. D–F. Pteridium caudatum Prado et
l. 1178 •. •ron. B. ‚en
tion
n sori. C D. Didymochlaena truncatula Croat 85188 . D. •inn
. E. 
se o• the petiole. F. ertile se ent. C. ertile pinnles. D. ori. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘   

erns
n lcophtes o• ‰cre

Didymochlaena ‡esŠ.
. eesten ntec•. ƒes
ten 
tr•. •
ntropic
l ostl ‰si
n c
. Ž species  in ‰cre. ƒes. 
tr•. rene erlin : . . . •
in
e ch
rt
ceos ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect
t b
se iscolor 

ˆi
ll h
r
cters o• the •
il. 
r• reen
n
b
ˆi
ll li ht reen se ents conspicosl ent
te’ Didymochlaena truncatula w. . . . ot. oo•er : ‘Ž. serr
te ...... A. macrostegia –—. Aspidium truncatulum w. . ot. chr
er  : Ž.  . . •
in
e sbcori
ceos ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect
t b
se se ents entire i res:   ‡ ...... Arachniodes sp. 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in pri
r •orest nl
tin terr
in Arachniodes macrostegia oo•. „. . €ron • ‡.. on
nt ‰ct
in pl
ces issecte b 
n s
ll stre
s. ‰
‹on. : ‘. ‘. Nephrodium macrostegium oo•. p. il. :
teri
l eˆ
ine: r
sil“i
 D.C. Daly et
l. 9880 (NY, UFACPZ), . Ž. D.C. Daly et
l. 11893  r‹eiro o l G.T. Prance et
l. 12087  ƒ  G.T. Prance et
l. 12377 (NY); Mâncio Lima, D.G. Campbell et
l. i res: ‡  8913  •orto †
lter T.B. Croat 85188 . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in terra rme forest. †orl ‡istribtion:  eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l R. Goldenberg et
l. 1013  ‰eric
to oliŠi
. €ropic
l ‰si

n ‰•ric
. J. Prado et
l. 1157 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1287 (SP, UFACPZ). DRYOPTERIDACEAE †orl ‡istribtion: ‚ene‹el
 •er
n  r
‹il. h
r
cteri‹e b ch
rt
ceos ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect l
in
e th
t
re A large and diverse family, difcult to characterize morphologically 
r• reen

ˆi
ll
n li ht reen
b
ˆi
ll
n se ents conspicosl
n •or which there
re no •nown orpholo ic
l sn
poorphies. ›t h
s
ent
te’serr
te. petiole Š
scl
tre tpic
l o• polpos › n
el two enl
r e

ˆi
l Arachniodes sp. bnles with seŠer
l to 
n s
ller ones
rr
n e in
seicircle below 
b
ˆi
ll. €hree sb•
ilies
re reco ni‹e: •olbotroie
e  ener
i res: ‰ 
n c
. ‘ species l
pho lossoie
e  ener

n  species
n 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l on s
n soil in 
pin
r
n
open ‡ropterioie
e siˆ ener

n
bot  species. Še et
tion. osopolit
n Ž ener
  species. ›n ‰cre ‘ ener
  species.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1181 (SP, UFACPZ). . terile
n •ertile le
Šes iorphic . •
in
e siple entire ...... Elaphoglossum . •
in
e copon . ori ron insi
te ...... Cyclodium . ori
crostichoi noninsi
te . ‰pices o• the l
in
e con•or siil
r in sh
pe to the l
ter
l pinn
e ...... Mickelia 4. Apices of the laminae gradually tapered and pinnatid . ‚eins
reol
te pl
nts terrestri
l...... Bolbitis . ‚eins •ree pl
nts heiepiphtic ...... Polybotrya . terile
n •ertile le
Šes onoorphic 6. Laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatid ...... Ctenitis 6. Laminae 2-pinnate-pinnatid to 4-pinnate-pinnatid 7. Laminae 3 or 4-pinnate-pinnatid; rachis buds present distally ...... Parapolystichum 7. Laminae 2 or 3-pinnate-pinnatid; rachis buds absent . •
in
e n
rrowl l
nceol
te pinnles c
t
roic ...... Dryopteris . •
in
e elt
te pinnles
n
roic ...... Arachniodes

Arachniodes le n. •l. 
Š
e :  . . h
r
cteri‹e b rhi‹oes creepin  le
Šes onoorphic petioles with ore th
n three Š
scl
r bnles l
in
e bro
l elt
te or pent
on
l ’ to ’pinn
te ei
l pinn
e prolon e
croscopic
ll the b
s
l b
siscopic sie cne
te b
s
l pinnles
n
roic
ll
rr
n e st
l•e r
chises
n Figure 14. A–C. Arachniodes sp. Prado et
l. 1181 •. A. 
bit. B. terile pinn
. cost
e with

ˆi
l rooŠes l
bros withot proli•eros bs Šeins •ree C. ‚en
tion o• the sterile •ron. D–F. Arachniodes macrostegia Prado et
l. 1287 sori ron insi orbicl
r’reni•or. •. D. 
bit. E. terile pinn
. F. ‚en
tion o• the sterile •ron. http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ http://www.scielo.br/bn Ž Biota Neotrop. : e  Ž‘  

•r
o . et
l.

†orl ‡istribtion:  oth ‰eric
‰cre. 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in •orest. h
r
cteri‹e b sbcori
ceos ’pinn
te’pinn
tisect l
in
e Material examined: Acrelândia, T.B. Croat 85889 . obtse pinnles
n entire se ents. €his collection Prado et
l. 1181 †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico ‰ntilles eso
eric

n  oth was incorrectly identied as Rumohra adiantiformis ƒ. orst hin in ‰eric
to oliŠi
. •r
o • or
n  ‘. €he 
teri
l cite here represents
n nescribe h
r
cteri‹e b the proˆi
l pinn
e with
re
tl enl
r e b
siscopic species bein stie b „. or
n
n •. •
bi
•. b
s
l lobe
n
reoles withot incle Šeinlets. Bolbitis chott ƒen. il. t
b. .  . Bolbitis serratifolia  ert. eˆ Œ
l•. chott ƒen. il. t
b.  .  – —. Acrostichum serratifolium ert. eˆ Œ
l•. n. ilic. ŽŽ. . h
r
cteri‹e b
reol
te Šeins with or withot incle Šeinlets in the
reoles iorphic sterile
n •ertile le
Šes
n
crostichoi sori. i res:   €he rhi‹oes in cross’section eˆhibit
n elon
te Šentr
l eristele
n 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in b
boo •orest. seŠer
l s
ll circl
r ones ors
ll. s
bsent or i• present then •on
teri
l eˆ
ine: en

reir
 M. Silveira et
l. 4128 . ne
r the
pices o• the le
Šes or pinn
e. Bolbitis is ost iŠerse in ‰si
. †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico eso
eric

n oth ‰eric
. •
ntropic
l c
.  species  species the eotropics  or
n et
l.  
 h
r
cteri‹e b short’creepin rhi‹oes
n sterile l
in
with   pinn
 in ‰cre. p
irs. €he proˆi
l pinn
p
ir is entire e
ch withot
n enl
r e b
s
l lobe. . „hi‹oes short’creepin  pinn
e   p
irs in the sterile l
in
e Ctenitis . hr. . hr.
n. •teriol. . ‘ . Dryopteris sb .
reoles with incle Šeinlets œ...... œ.œ...... B. serratifolia Ctenitis . hr. iol. ‰rb. €il.  . †
rin . ‘. . „hi‹oes lon ’creepin  pinn
e   p
irs in the sterile l
in
e h
r
cteri‹e b istinctiŠe h
irs c
lle Ctenitis h
irs on the

ˆi
l
reoles withot incle Šeinlets ...... B. aliena sr•
ce o• the l
in
r
ˆes. €hese h
irs
re short  . .  lon  reddish, several-celled, and appear jointed because the cells twist at right Bolbitis aliena (w. ‰lston ll. isc. ›n•or. Œew. ‘ :  .
n les to e
ch other pon rin . €he sori
re ron
n 
 be either ‘ . Acrostichum alienum w. . ot. chr
er  :  .  – —. insi
te or eˆinsi
te. •
ntropic
l c
.  species  in ‰cre. i res: ‰  Ctenitis refulgens Œlot‹sch eˆ ett. . hr. eˆ ‚
reschi l. ‚ene‹el
:  . ‘Ž‘. Phegopteris refulgens Œlot‹sch eˆ ett. ‰nn. ci. 
t. ot. s“r.  :  . Ž. i res:  ƒ 
bit/
bit
t: erb terrestri
l in •orest.
teri
l eˆ
ine: r‹eiro o l J. Prado et
l. 1343 (SP, UFACPZ). †orl ‡istribtion: eˆico eso
eric

n  oth ‰eric
to oliŠi
. Characterized by 1-pinnate-pinnatid laminae, indument of “Ctenitis h
irsš on the
ˆes
n Šeins  or p
irs o• proˆi
l pinn
e sli htl deexed, and scaly petioles and rachises. Cyclodium . •resl €ent. •teri.  t
b.  g. 20–21.  Ž. h
r
cteri‹e b rhi‹oes creepin  sc
l le
Šes onoorphic or slightly dimorphic; laminae pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatid, glabrous or nearly so, anadromous, the apex pinnatid, abruptly tapered or with a terminal pinn
siil
r in •or to the l
ter
l ones cost
e
b
ˆi
ll with niseri
te h
irs reish or brownish
ppresse Šeins •ree or
n
stoosin  enin
t the 
r ins not enl
r e
t tips sori ron insi
ron pelt
te or
tt
che
t
n
rrow sins soeties ecios. ‰ reŠision o• the ens w
s pblishe b ith ‘Ž. eotropic
l  species  in ‰cre. . ‚eins •ree sterile
n •ertile le
Šes onoorphic œ.. C. guianense . ‚eins re l
rl
n
stoosin  sterile
n •ertile le
Šes iorphic œœ...... œ. C. meniscioides Š
r. meniscioides Cyclodium guianense
lotsch n er er e . . e htoloi 
: . . Aspidium guianense lotsch inne : . . i res: € • Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1342 (SP, UFACPZ); Figure 15. A B. Bolbitis aliena
ro ‡onˆni ‰orto Šelho‹ Taylor 5047 …†. A. Œbit. B. Šention o the sterile lin. C–E. Bolbitis serratifolia
Silveira et l. itho t loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-034
…†. 4128 …†. C. „terile pinne. D. ertile pinne. E. Šention o the sterile ron. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. F G. Ctenitis refulgens
Prado et l. 1343 „. F. Œbit. G. Šention o the ƒhrcterie b the onoorphic sterile n ertile lees s bcoriceo s sterile ron. laminae with pinnatid apices, and free veins. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://ˆ.oi.or / .‘ /ŽŽ’ Ž’’ ’ Ž‘ Biota Neotrop. 
: e  

erns n lcophtes o €cre

Cyclodium meniscioides
ill. ƒ. resl r. meniscioides Žent. Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw., Native Ferns (ed. 4) 117. 1893. teri. . . Aspidium meniscioides ill. „p. l. e.  ‰illenow‹ Aspidium patulum „w. onl. Šetens’. €c. Œnl. 
: . . : . . i res: •Œ i res: ƒ•• Œbit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in moist forest on terra rme, canopy Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril or soeties  low•cliber on tr n’s iscontin o s. in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: l”cio e ƒstro C. Figueiredo & I. Riveiro 560
…†‘ ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1330 (SP, UFACPZ); „en ‚ reir D.C. Daly et l. 8117
…†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1226 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1228 „o th €eric. (SP, UFACPZ). ƒhrcterie b pinn•rchises
coste  ill lc’in perpenic lr orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. wins erect rhioes seents with nrrower sin ses n pro il pinne ƒhrcterie b the stronl iorphic sterile n ertile lees pinne tht ten to e• l in sie the ne t istl pir. „eerl cpitte•ln lr • c prt nstoosin eins n sterile pinne p to  c wie. hirs re present on the linr tiss e rchises n eins  ill. Dryopteris €ns. . l. : . . Elaphoglossum „chott e . –. „. –. •ot.
Œoo’er : .  No one single character distinguishes this genus; it must be identied by nom. et typ. cons. the cobintion o seerl chrcters. Dryopteris belons to • polpos “ …erl ll species he siple n entire lees stron sterile• ertile  ro p tht hs three or ore sc lr b nles in the petioles s ll le iorph ree eins n crostichoi sori. €ll €cre species he with   il ones enlre. Œelp l chrcters re copct erect or phllopoi. ƒopre to the sterile lees the ertile ones re nrrower scenin scl rhioes‘ onoorphic sterile n ertile lees‘ line n loner petiolte. Žhe lrest en s o roptericee. ntropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. 2- to 3-pinnate-pinnatid, less commonly 1-pinnate-pinnatid; veins free; sori ro n‘ in si s ll present ttche t the bse o  nrrow sin s . in b ill with resino s ots ——————.. E. tantalinum reni or or orbic lr. . in b ill witho t resino s ots Žhe three species occ rrin in •ril were reise b ro et l.
. ƒosopolitn‘  species  in €cre. . etioles bsent‘ linr pices c spite‘ lin rins thic’ene—.—...... —. E. styriacum . etioles present‘ linr pices c te lon•c inte or obt se‘ lin rins not thic’ene . „terile line ensel scl on both s r ces pices soeties iipro s ...... E. plumosum . „terile line sprsel scl or hir on both s r ces pices not iipro s . „terile lees to . c wie —————...... E. glabellum . „terile lees •. c wie 5. Laminar margins and costae with patent, entire, liform scles —...... E. raywaense . inr rins n coste lbro s or with ppresse lnceolte cilite ote scles . ees thin nrrowl elliptic nerl lbro s on the line n petioles soeties with  ew issecte scles on the cost n petiole ...... E. accidum . ees chrtceo s or coriceo s brol elliptic to oblnceolte‘ conspic o sl scl on the cost n linr rins . etioles • c lon‘ line brol elliptic chrtceo s ...... E. discolor . etioles • c lon‘ line oblnceolte coriceo s —...... E. luridum

Elaphoglossum discolor
 hn ƒ. ƒhr. “ne ilic. . . Acrostichum discolor  hn inne : . . Figure 16. A B. Cyclodium guianense
Prado et l. 1342 „. A. „terile ron. i res: €•• B. Šention o the sterile ron. C–E. Cyclodium meniscioides r. meniscioides
Prado et l. 1226 „. C. Œbit. D. Šention o the sterile ron. E. ertile pinne. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril or epipetric in ƒpin. F–H. Dryopteris patula
Daly et l. 8117 …†. F. Œbit. G. ‡chis  ill. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 10607
…† H. ertile seents. J. Prado et l. 1159 (SP, UFACPZ). J. Prado et l. 1170 (SP, UFACPZ), http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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ro –. et l.

J. Prado et l. 1188 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1284 (SP, UFACPZ), ƒhrcterie b coriceo s liner line onl .•. c wie. J. Prado et l. 1322 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1324 (SP, UFACPZ), Žhe rhioe scles re istinctie b the bo o the scles either shin J. Prado et l. 1329 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1388 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio blc’ or r’ brown with  istinct lihter brown borer. i C. Ferreira et l. 10953
‚˜ J. Prado et l. 1223 (SP, UFACPZ). Elaphoglossum luridum
™e ƒhrist …e e en’schr. €ll. „chwei. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. es. esten …t rwiss. 
: . . Acrostichum luridum ™e ƒhrcterie b rhioe scles orne or rrel  ll brown brol ‚™. o . :  tb.  g. 1. . elliptic sterile lees with liner issecte orne scles b ill. i res: Œ• Elaphoglossum accidum
™e Ž. ‚oore “ne ilic. . . Acrostichum accidum ™e ‚™. o . :  tb.  g. 2. . Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1152 (SP, UFACPZ), i res:  J. Prado et l. 1174 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1198 (SP, UFACPZ), Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. J. Prado et l. 1310 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1327 (SP, UFACPZ); ‚teril e ine: ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1266 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1219 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1220 šp ri Silva et l.186
ƒ•… „. (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et l. 1238 (SP, UFACPZ), orl istrib tion: €ntilles n … „o th €eric to •olii. J. Prado et l. 1241 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1260 (SP, UFACPZ), ƒhrcterie b blc’ish rhioe scles short or nerl bsent J. Prado et l. 1281 (SP, UFACPZ). petioles thin n nrrowl elliptic line n nerl lbro s line orl istrib tion: €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to n petioles
soeties  ew issecte scles re present on the cost •olii. n petiole. Žhe ein tips re o ten e pne lterll n soeties ƒhrcterie b coriceo s oblnceolte line .•. c wie nite into  s brinl connectin strn. n scles on the coste n b il s r ce o the line conspic o s issecte n blc’ish. Elaphoglossum glabellum –. „. onon –. •ot. : . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. Elaphoglossum plumosum
™e Ž. ‚oore “ne ilic. . . ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1297 (SP, UFACPZ). Acrostichum plumosum ™e ‚™. o . Œist. €crostich. :  tb.  orl istrib tion: ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th g. 1. . €eric to •olii. i res: €•

Figure 17. A–E. Elaphoglossum discolor. A. Œbit
Prado et l. 1223 „. B. ertile Figure 18. A–D. Elaphoglossum plumosum. A. Œbit
Prado et l. 1154 „. ron
Prado et l. 1284 „. C. €b il linr s r ce. D E. €b il lin B. ron with  e
Prado et l. 1221 „. C. €b il linr s r ce scles
ƒ••. Prado et l. 1223 „. F G. Elaphoglossum accidum
Prado et l.
Prado et l. 1154 „. D. € il linr scles
Prado et l. 1221 „. 1266 „. F. „terile rons. G. €b il linr s r ce. H–L. Elaphoglossum E–G. Elaphoglossum raywaense
Prado et l. 1314 „. E. Œbit. F. €b il linr luridum (Prado et l. 1198 „). H. Œbit. I. €b il linr s r ce. J. ƒost s r ce. G. €b il lin scle. H–J. Elaphoglossum tantalinum
Prado et l. b ill with scles. K L. €b il linr scles. 1384 „. H. Œbit. I. €b il linr s r ce. J. €b il linr scle. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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erns n lcophtes o €cre

Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. . • pirs o lterl pinne ...... M. nicotianifolia ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1154 (SP, UFACPZ), . • pirs o lterl pinne J. Prado et l. 1285 (UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1221
„ UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1390 (SP, UFACPZ). . €reoles with ree incl e einlets ...... M. bernoullii orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. . €reoles witho t ree incl e eins ƒhrcterie b petioles n sterile line ensel scl on both s r ces the scles brol lnceolte or ote lon•cilite n orne . ‚rins o the sterile pinne serrte ...... M. guianensis to liht brown. €pe o the line soeties iipro s. Žhe line re so scl tht the s r ces re copletel hien. . ‚rins o the sterile pinne crente ...... M. lindigii Elaphoglossum raywaense
–enn €lston •ol. „oc. •rot. Mickelia bernoullii
 hn e ƒhrist ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni s™r.  : . . Acrostichum raywaense –enn erns •rit. . “n. 
:  g. 1A, 2. . Acrostichum bernoullii  hn e ƒhrist • ll. . . „oc. •ot. •eli• e 
: . . i res: •• i res: €•ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1314 (SP, UFACPZ); Material examined: Jordão, F.A. Michelangeli et l. 1321
…†. Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8948 (NY, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚e ico ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. •olii. Žhe onl species in €cre with s b lte linr scles
i.e. scles tht ƒhrcterie b • pirs o pinne these elliptic • œ  c re enrolle bsll with hirli’e tips istll. €lso istinct b sessile ro ne t the bse rins o the sterile ones entire lees witho t b s lees nrrowl oblnceolte line n orne scles on the rhioes istll n reoles with incl e einlets. n line. Mickelia guianensis
€ bl. ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni 
: Elaphoglossum styriacum ‚ic’el •rittoni 
:  g. 4I–K. . . . Polypodium guianense € bl. Œist. l. ine . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1381 (SP, UFACPZ). i res:   • orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b line stronl coriceo s n c spite with the rins conspic o sl thic’ene. Elaphoglossum tantalinum ‚ic’el •rittoni 
:  g. 2G, H. . i res: Œ•– Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1179 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1321 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1384 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, T.E. Almeida & A. Salino 2620
•Œƒ•. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b the cobintion o two chrcters on the sterile line b ill: conspic o s resino s ots n cilite scles. “n contrst the line  ill hs scttere ro n cilite scles or stellte hirs. Žhe cilite scles re lso present on the linr rins. Almeida & Salino 2620
•Œƒ• ws cite b €lei › „lino
 s Elaphlogossum stenophyllum
„oiro iels. Mickelia ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni 
: •. . Mickelia resebles Bolbitis b nstoosin eins sterile• ertile le iorph n crostichoi sori. “n those species o Mickelia tht ber b s on the lees the b s occ r t the pinn bses ner the rchis‘ in contrst in Bolbitis the occ r ner the lin or pinn pices. Žhe two ener i er soewht in rowth hbit: Bolbitis is lws terrestril‘ howeer Mickelia  be either terrestril or  terrestril root•cliber
i.e. strtin on the ro n then clibin witho t losin the connection to the soil. Žhe ltter rowth hbit occ rs in two €cre species: M. nicotianifolia n M. bernoullii. ertile lees re pro ce onl on the clibin portion o the rhioe. …eotropicl‘  species
‚orn et l.  b  in €cre.

. ˜nl  pir o pinne‘ b s present istll on the lin ...... Figure 19. A–C. Mickelia bernoullii
Michelangeli et l. 1321 …†. A. „terile ...... M. oligarchica pinn. B. Šention o the sterile pinn. C. ertile pinne. D E. Mickelia guianensis
Prado et l. 1292 „. D. Œbit. E. Šention o the sterile ron. F G. Mickelia . • pirs o lterl pinne‘ b s bsent on the lin istll nicotianifolia
Prado et l. 1395 „. F. „terile pinne. G. Šention o the sterile pinn. http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial root-climber, in terra rme forest. ƒhrcterie b • pirs o pinne these oblon • œ •. c ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i D.C. Daly et l. 6757 (NY, UFACPZ), rins o the sterile ones crente bse c nete line witho t b s D.C. Daly et l. 6786
…† D.C. Daly et l. 11882
…†‘ M. Silveira et l. istll reoles witho t ree incl e einlets. 1662
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1292 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Mickelia nicotianifolia
„w. ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni 
: . i D.C. Daly et l. 11623
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. . Acrostichum nicotianifolium „w. „n. il. : . . 7430 (NY, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et l. 1252 (SP, UFACPZ), i res:  J. Prado et l. 1278 (SP, UFACPZ); Xapuri, L.G. Lohmann & E.C. de Oliveira 590
…†. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril root•cliber in open orest on n ltin orl istrib tion: reter €ntilles
e cept –ic n tropicl terrin e cept or bi ios
wterloe low•lin res. Material examined: Bujari, W.R. Anderson 12122
…† D.C. „o th €eric. Daly et l. 9477
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1349 (UFACPZ); ƒhrcterie b lon•creepin rhioes • pirs o pinne Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 9128
…† D.C. Daly et l. 11413
…†‘ these oblon • œ • c c nete bsll rins o the sterile orto Šlter P.J.M. Maas et l. P13292
…†‘ ‡io •rnco J. Prado et l. ones serrte lees witho t b s istll n reoles witho t incl e 1395
„‘ „en ‚ reir D.C. Daly et l. 8072
…†. einlets. orl istrib tion: €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b • pirs o pinne these elliptic • œ .• c Mickelia lindigii
‚ett. ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni 
: . . bse c nete rins o the sterile ones entire lees witho t b s Chrysodium lindigii ‚ett. €nn. „ci. …t. •ot. s™r.  : . . ention reolte with ree incl e einlets. Žhis species is  terrestril i res: €•ƒ root•cliber. …on•clibin plnts he slener lon•creepin rhioes n siple entire lees. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril root•cliber in open orest on n ltin terrin e cept or bi ios
wterloe low•lin res. Mickelia oligarchica
•’er ‡.ƒ. ‚orn et l. •rittoni 
: Material examined: Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12069A
…†‘ . . Acrostichum oligarchicum •’er „n. il. . . ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 10252
…†. i res:   • orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in orest. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1361
…†. orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b ternte line with b s in the  ils o the bsl pinne. Žhe picl pinn is • ite lre
 œ  c n the lterl pinne re brol elliptic
• œ • c with brol ro ne bses. Žhe eins re reolte with ree incl e einlets. Žhe line re hel nerl horiontl to the ro n n cc  lte llen ornic tter between the two lterl pinne n the terinl le seent. Žhe b s erinte n row in this cc  lte ornic tter. €s the le senesces with e the b s rein ttche n re lowere to the ro n where the t’e root in the soil. • this ens o eettie repro ction the plnts o ten or colonies. Parapolystichum
eserl. ƒhin „ ntseni : . . Polystichum sect. Parapolystichum eserl. olp. Œerb. • ne  . . ‡eseblin Lastreopsis b t istin ishe b the presence o  b  istll lon the rchis.  rther chrcterie b rhioes short• to lon•creepin scl‘ sterile n ertile lees onoorphic‘ petioles with four or more vascular bundles; laminae 3–4-pinnate-pinnatid, lanceolate, eltte or pentonl the lower pinne enlre bsiscopicll‘ pinn les nroic or ctroic‘ rchises with  proinent ries  ill these contin o s with the thic’ene rins o the ltite seents‘ coste rise
not rooe hir  ill with .•.  lon  lticell lr hirs coste n cost les scl b ill hir  ill‘ ln lr hirs o ten present on the lower s r ce o the lin these clinricl oblon ppresse briht ellow to orne•re‘ sori ro n. ntropicl‘  species
bi’ et l.  b  in €cre. Parapolystichum effusum
„w. ƒhin r. divergens
ill. e „ch’ hr €bbitti ‡eist ‚ s  lt „ecc. •ot. : . . Polypodium divergens Willd. ex Schkuhr, 24. Kl. Linn. P.-Syst. 1: 27, tab. 26b. 1805. i res:   Figure 20. A–C. Mickelia lindigii
Daly et l. 10252 …†. A. „terile pinn. B. Šention o the sterile pinn. C. ertile pinn. D E. Mickelia oligarchica
Silveira et l. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril oreste slope between •i io n 1361 …†. D. Œbit. E. Šention o the sterile ron. F G. Parapolystichum effusum hiher terrce. r. divergens
Daly et l. 11421 …†. F. „terile pinn. G. Šention n sor s. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11421
…†. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl Polybotrya caudata  ne inne : . . „o th €eric. i res: €•ƒ Characterized by 3–4-pinnate-pinnatid laminae, proximal pinna enlre bsiscopicll rchises n pinn rchises p bescent b s Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial root-climber, in terra rme forest. present on the rchises istll eins ree sori ro n e in site. € lre ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1295 (SP, UFACPZ); species. “n herbri  sinle le is o ten o nte on two or three sheets. Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1143 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1145
„ UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12069
…† M. Silveira et l. 1662
…†. Polybotrya Œ b. › •onpl. e ill. „p. l. 
: . . orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric istinctie in €cre b terrestril root•clibin hbit ree eins to •olii. sterile• ertile le iorph n c te ertile pinn les. Žhe rhioe in •esies the chrcters in the ’e this species i ers ro Polybotrya pubens cross section is istinctie or the en s. “t contins p to  eristeles b the rchises n coste lost lbro s the hirs shorter thn   lon. rrne circ lrl ech eristele s rro ne b  r’ sclerenchto s sheth. Žhe sheths contrst stronl with the white ro n tiss e. Polybotrya pubens ‚rt. “con. l. ƒrpt.  tb. . . The laminae 1-pinnate to 4-pinnate, the apex pinnatid; veins free or i res:  • nstoosin‘ in si bsent. ‚iht be con se with Lomariopsis, b t tht en s hs •pinnte line with  con or picl seent reseblin Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial root-climber, in terra rme forest. the lterl pinne. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1205 (SP, UFACPZ), Polybotrya ws reise b ‚orn
. “t is  terrestril root• J. Prado et l. 1207 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1394 (SP, UFACPZ). cliber strtin on the soil with the lon•creepin rhioes clibin orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. when they nd a trunk. Fertile leaves are produced on the climbing •esies the chrcters in the ’e Polybotrya pubens i ers ro portion o the rhioe. Žhe connection between the terrestril n P. caudata b the rchises n coste lon•p bescent the hirs •.  lon. clibin portions o the rhioes re intine thro ho t the li e o the plnt. GLEICHENIACEAE …eotropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. ƒhrcterie b lon•creepin rhioes with lees rrne orsll . „terile lees •pinnte•pinntisect‘ rhioe scles ple brown or in  sinle row
orthosticho s n line with pse oichotoo s whitish thin ote ——...... P. pubens brnches. € restin b  s ll occ rs in the or’s o the line. etioles 1. Sterile leaves 2-pinnate-pinnatid; rhizome scales dark brown, thick, liner —...... —.. P. caudata

Figure 21. A–C. Polybotrya caudata
Prado et l. 1143 „. A. ‡hioe n Figure 22. A–D. Gleichenella pectinata
Prado et l. 1189 „. A. rt o  sterile petiole. B. rt o  sterile ron. C. Šention o the sterile ron. D–F. Polybotrya ron. B. ‡hioe. C. Ultimate fork. D. ertile seents. E–G. Sticherus remotus pubens
Prado et l. 1207 „. D. ‡hioe n petiole. E. rt o  sterile ron.
Prado et l. 1300 „. E. Habit (juvenile). F. Ultimate fork. G. „terile seents F. Šention o the sterile ron with hirs. n ention. http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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ro –. et l. in cross•section with  ƒ•shpe sc lr b nle with inrolle rs. line opposite pinne nette eins n non•ec rrent istl pinne. lnts o ten orin lre colonies in ist rbe enironents s ch s „erete ro oosicee b ƒhristenh s et l.
. steep bn’s rosies n lnslies. …eotropicl‘  en s  species. ntropicl‘  ener c.  species‘  ener n  species in €cre. Hemidictyum ƒ. resl Žent. teri. • tb.  g. 24–26. . . ‡hioes n the b s in or’s o the pinne p bescent‘ sporni „e chrcters s the il. • per sor s‘ eins • to • or’e —...... ———— Gleichenella Hemidictyum marginatum
. ƒ. resl Žent. teri.  tb.  . ‡hioes n the b s in or’s o the pinne scl‘ sporni •
• g. 24. . Asplenium marginatum . „p. l. : . . per sor s‘ eins siple or • or’e —...... ——....—— Sticherus i res: € • Gleichenella ƒhin „ ntseni 
: . . Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in ”re orest. € onotpic en s. •esie the chrcters in the ’e chrcterie b ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l G.T. Prance et l. 12479
…†. brnches o ne• l lenth in ech pse oichoto. Žhe resh lees re orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl  liht lie or ellowish reen n or tht reson o ten stn o t inst „o th €eric. the r’er olie o the s rro nin eettion. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Gleichenella pectinata
ill. ƒhin „ ntseni 
: . . Mertensia pectinata ill. onl. Šetens’. €c. … Œnl. :  ƒhrcterie b p bescent rhioes line onl  cell thic’ between tb. . . the eins petioles with  sinle sc lr b nle‘ rinl sori n reen spores. Referred to as “lmy ferns” because of their membranous leaves. i res: €• The laminae are so thin and transclucent that, with magnication (10×), Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril lon orest rins. inii l cells cn be esil seen. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1189 (SP, UFACPZ); ntropicl with e tensions into the teperte ones‘  ener c. Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12119
‚  …† M. Silveira et l. 1348  species. “n €cre  ener  species. (NY, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. Sticherus ƒ. resl Žent. teri. •. . •esies the chrcters in the ’e chrcterie b brnches with e• l lenth in ech pse oichoto n ltite seents pectinte. ntropicl‘ c.  species
c. hl re …eotropicl‘ onles › essler ‘  species in €cre. . „cles on the b s in the or’s o the pinne •.  lon —...... —————...... S. remotus . „cles on the b s in the or’s o the pinne •  lon —...... — —...... —. S. longipinnatus

Sticherus longipinnatus
Œoo’. ƒhin „ ntseni : . . Gleichenia longipinnata Œoo’. „p. il. : . . Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril steep roc’ rier rins. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l Prance et l. 12681
…†. orl istrib tion: „ rine •c or er  •ril. ƒhrcterie b n nrrow lon•setose scles on the pinn•rchises n cost les b ill. Sticherus remotus
 l . ƒhrsler €er. –. •ot. 
: . . Mertensia remota  l . •n . ilic. . . i res: •• Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril lon orest rins. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1300 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric. Easily identied by the narrow ultimate segments only ca. 2 mm wide. HEMIDICTYACEAE

ƒhrcterie b lees .•.  lon‘ petioles with  sc lr Figure 23. A B. Hemidictyum marginatum
Prance et l. 12479 …†. A. ertile pinn. . Šention n sori. C D. Didymoglossum krausii
Daly et l. 9115 …†. bundles that unite distally in a U-shape, laminae 1-pinnate with a conform B C. Œbit. D. „or s. E F. Didymoglossum ovale
Prado et l. 1230 „. E. Œbit. terinl seent‘ n eins ner the coste ree b t nstoosin towr F. „or s. G H. Didymoglossum punctatum s bsp. labiatum
Daly et l. 10330 …†. the pinn rins. Žhe ein tips re connecte b  contin o s s brinl G. Œbit. H. „or s. I J. Hymenophyllum angustum
Prado et l. 1153 „. I. Œbit. connectin strn. ‡eseblin Desmophlebium b t istin ishe b thin J. „or s. K L. Hymenophyllum polyanthus
Prado et l. 1149 „. K. Œbit. L. „or s. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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erns n lcophtes o €cre

. “n si bilte‘ receptcles incl e in the in si not isible ..... Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte...... Hymenophyllum ‚teril e ine: ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 10330
…†. orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric €ntilles n … „o th €eric. . “n si t b lr or conic‘ receptcles e serte ro the in si hirli’e ƒhrcterie b sll
•  lon lees tht r ro . ees p to  c lon —...————————.. Didymoglossum entire orbic lr to ote sori ore thn one per le ‘ inol cre o the sori projecting beyond the laminar tissue, labia with 3 or more rows of . ees ore thn  c lon r’ene rinl cells. . lnts heiepiphtic —————————...... Vandenboschia Hymenophyllum „. ‚™. €c. ‡o. „ci.
Ž rin :  tb.  . lnts terrestril less coonl epiphtic ——— Trichomanes g. 8. . ƒhrcterie b epiphtic hbit bilbite in si n receptcles Didymoglossum es. ‚™. „oc. inn. ris : . . shorter thn the o th o the in si there ore not isible. Žhe plnts ten to ƒhrcterie b slener lon•creepin ensel blc’•p bescent r reish in contrst to the trichonioi ener which s ll r reen rhioes‘ lees less thn  c lon lse eins present between the or gray-green. Rhizomes usually liform, long-creeping, pubescent; sterile and in lterl ones‘ n r’ s ll or’e or stellte hirs on the rins ertile lees tpicll • c lon onoorphic‘ line ebrnceo s o the line. “t is entirel epiphtic‘ rhioes lc’ roots‘ inste the s ll trnsl cent •cell thic’ e cept ro n the eins siple to •pinnte plnts re stene to the s bstrte b ense blc’ish hesie hirs on lbro s or p bescent
the hirs siple or’e or stellte‘ eins ree the rhioes n
in soe species the petioles n rchises. Žhe lees nroo s lse eins bsent‘ sori rinl ro n to ote. are small and vary from entire to bipinnatid. The distinctive false veins ntropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. may be seen as short, faint streaks between the true veins (magnication neee. ƒontin o s s brinl lse eins re bsent. . ees p bescent ———.....——————..———— H. angustum ntropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. . ees lbro s ——————————————.. H. polyanthos 1. Leaves pinnatid or bipinnatid …...... …...…. D. krausii Hymenophyllum angustum •osch …e. r i’. €rch. 
: . . . ees entire i res: “ – . „ori  per le ‘ inol cres prtill ierse in the linr tiss e Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte in wterloe low•lin res‘ tpicll linr rins with  or  rows o r’ene cells —— D. ovale on the root ntles o tree erns. 2. Sori 2 or more per leaf; involucres projecting beyond the laminar ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1153 (SP, UFACPZ). tiss e linr rins with  or ore rows o r’ene cells...... orl istrib tion: €onin •ril n •olii. ———...... — D. punctatum s bsp. labiatum Characterized by liform (ca. 1 mm diam), long-creeping rhizomes, laminae pinnatid to bipinnatid, with stellate hairs evenly distributed on Didymoglossum krausii
Œoo’. › re. ƒ. resl Œenophllcee both linr s r ces o the linr tiss e on eins n rins. . . Trichomanes krausii Œoo’. › re. “con. ilic. : tb. .  i res: ƒ Hymenophyllum polyanthos
„w. „w. –. •ot.
„chrer 
: . . Trichomanes polyanthos „w. ror. . . Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte in orest. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 9115 (NY, UFACPZ). i res:  orl istrib tion: lori ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte in orest. tropicl „o th €eric. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l P.J.M. Maas et l. 12722
…† Characterized by the combination of leaves pinnatid to bipinnatid, J. Prado et l. 1149 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1389 (SP, UFACPZ); • c lon rchises b ill ensel p bescent the hirs r’ brown Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1222 (SP, UFACPZ). to blc’ish n line  ill lbro s. Žhe hirs on the linr orl istrib tion: ‚e ico ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. rins  be siple or’e or stellte. Žhe stellte hirs re tpicll Characterized by long-creeping liform (ca. 1 mm diam.) stems and present in ech sin s. bipinnatid, glabrous laminae. Didymoglossum ovale •. o rn. • ll. „oc. •ot. rnce : .‰‹. Trichomanes . „p. l. : •. . i res: •  Characterized by cylindrical or funnelform marginal indusia. Unlike Hymenophyllum, it  lso be terrestril. “t consists o o r in cles Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte lon rier rins. which re reconie s s bener b •bihr et l.
. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1288 (UFACPZ); ntropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1230 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th . Œeiepiphtic‘ lees ppresse inst the s bstrte €eric to •olii. 2. Laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatid, segments pinnatid …... T. ankersii ƒhrcterie b entire lees onl •  lon orbic lr in the o n plnts n ellipticl or spth lte in  lt plnts sori in enerl . ine siple liner .———————..———— T. tanaicum onl one per le  prtill ierse in the linr tiss e n lbi with . Žerrestril‘ lees not ppresse to the s bstrte  or  rows o r’ene rinl cells. . „terile n ertile lees iorphic Didymoglossum punctatum
oir. es. s bsp. labiatum
–enn •o rie › ƒreers €er ern –. 
: . . Trichomanes labiatum 4. Sterile laminae with apices often agellate and proliferous –enn r. ƒhron. n.s. : . . —...... T. trollii i res:   Œ . „terile line with pices not proli ero s http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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ro –. et l.

. ‡hioes lon•creepin‘ ertile line pinntisect liner ...... — i res: •  ...... T. humboldtii Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in terra rme forest. . ‡hioes erect‘ ertile line •pinnte eltte ———.—...... ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1313 (SP, UFACPZ), ...... —.. T. pinnatum J. Prado et l. 1380 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th . „terile n ertile lees onoorphic €eric to •olii. . ine • to •pinnte iriescent
when liin‘ sori oriente istin ishe b onoorphic sterile n ertile lees line ownwr o t o the plne o the lin ...... T. elegans •pinnte rchises conspic o sl lte thro ho t the win n lte to crispte eins n linr rins sprsel p bescent the hirs siple 6. Laminae pinnatisect to 1-pinnate to tripinnatid, not iridescent; or or’e sori borne on pices o the pinne in si ierse on the sori oriente rinll in the se plne s the lin linr tiss e n receptcles e serte. 7. Laminae deeply pinnatisect or tripinnatid; petioles conspicuously Trichomanes elegans ‡ich. €ctes „oc. Œist. …t. ris : . . lte i res:   Œ 8. Laminae tripinnatid; ultimate segments 1–2 mm wide .... Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in orest ner stre rins...... T. bicorne ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1212 (SP, UFACPZ), . ine eepl pinntisect‘ ltite seents •  G.T. Prance et l. 12225 (MG, NY); Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1247 wie ————...... — T. macilentum
…† M. Silveira et l. 1250
…†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1364 (SP, UFACPZ). . ine •pinnte‘ petioles not lte orl istrib tion: €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl n s btropicl 9. Lamina apices with a conform terminal pinnae or agellate and „o th €eric. proli ero s t the tip —...—...... T. hostmannianum istinctie b iriescent line • to •pinnte n rinl sori oriented downward, out of the plane of the lamina. Unlike other 9. Lamina apices tapered, pinnatid, non-proliferous Œenophllcee its line re three cell lers thic’ between the . Šeins  ill with perpenic lr wins‘ bsl pinne eins. Žhe lin r blc’ish. ˜ther et res tht chrcterie this deexed …...... …....…. T. martiusii species re terrestril hbit erect or s berect rhioes lees p to . Šein  ill witho t perpenic lr wins‘ bsl pinne not deexed …...... T. crispum

Trichomanes ankersii ƒ. r’er e Œoo’. › re. “con. ilic. 
: tb. . . i res: € • Habit/Habitat: Herb; hemiepiphyte, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1150 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1158 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1168 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1214 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1312 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1387 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 11854
‚  …†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1236 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1257 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b heiepiphtic hbit lon•creepin rhioes lees pressed at against the substrate, laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatid, segments pinnatid, indusia tubular and projected out of the laminar tissue, and receptcles e serte. Trichomanes bicorne Œoo’. “con. ln. : tb. . . i res: ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in terra rme forest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 10613
…† J. Prado et l. 1147 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1176 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1268 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1323 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1271 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. Characterized by erect rhizomes, leaves nely divided, laminae tripinnatid, rhombic, petioles winged, the wings formed by the decurrent lin ltite seents onl •  wie sori rinl in si conic Figure 24. A B. Trichomanes ankersii
Prado et l. 1387 „. A. Œbit. B. „ori. n receptcles e serte. C D. Trichomanes bicorne
Prado et l. 1147 „. C. Œbit. D. ertile seents. E F. Trichomanes crispum
Prado et l. 1380 „. E. Œbit. F. ertile seents. Trichomanes crispum . „p. l. : . . G H. Trichomanes elegans
Prado et l. 1212 „. G. Œbit. H. „terile seents. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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 c lon eins ree nroo s lse eins bsent in si t b lr ƒhrcterie b creepin rhioes lees ote•lnceolte •pinnte n receptcles e serte. pinne oerlppin ech other rchises wine petioles non•lte t bse n lte istll  es n eins p bescent on both s r ces. Žhe line Trichomanes hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5: o ertile lees re plicte. . . Neurophyllum hostmannianum lotsch inne : . inisch
 se the ne Trichomanes heterophyllum Œ b. › ‰‹. •onpl. e  nth or this species b t tht ne is illeitite. ro › ‚orn i res: €•ƒ
 mistakenly identied this specimen as Trichomanes pilosum ‡i. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in orest ner stre rins on wet soils. Trichomanes macilentum •osch …e. r i’. €rch. 
: . . ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l L.R. Marinho 217
…† J. Prado et l. 1194 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et l. 1272 (SP, UFACPZ). i res:  • orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in wterloe low•lin res. ƒhrcterie b terrestril hbit onoorphic sterile n ertile ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1385 (SP, UFACPZ). lees •pinnte n eltte line n rchises nrrowl lte the orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. wins c.   wie. Žhe pices  be either con or
siilr shpe ƒhrcterie b onoorphic sterile n ertile lees eepl as the lateral pinnae) or agellate and proliferous at the tip. pinnatisect-pinnatid laminae, ultimate segments 2–4 mm wide, and sori Trichomanes humboldtii
•osch elliner ‚e. …ew †or’ borne on the rins n pices o the seents. ƒollecte onl once in •ot. r. : . . Feea humboldtii •osch „n. Œenophll. €cre where it ws o n rowin on llen los. •lsewhere it lso occ rs 
postpr. . . on oss roc’s. i res: –  Trichomanes martiusii ƒ. resl Œenophllcee  . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. i res:  •“ ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1182 (SP, UFACPZ). Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1146 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1171 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1269 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1326 (SP, UFACPZ), N.A. Rosa 657 (NY); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1217 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b lees •pinnte nrrowl elliptic or lnceolte laminae that are gradually reduced to the base and pinnatid apex, proximal pinnae deexed, axes and veins pubescent, the hairs uni- or pl ricell lr eins b ill with perpenic lr linr wins. € coon species in €cre. Trichomanes pinnatum Œew. s.l. il. en. „p. tb.  g. 1. . i res: €•ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay and sn soils. ‚teril e ine: €ssis •rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9608 (NY, UFACPZ); ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1183 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1311 (SP, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 11640 (NY); Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l.11589 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12178
‚  …†‘ orto Šlter D.C. Daly et l. 7576 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 11739
…† P.J.M. Maas et l.13010
‚  …†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1244 (UFACPZ); Sena Madureira, G.T. Prance et l. 7730
…† G.T. Prance et l. 7948
…†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b int cross•eins
lse eins between the in lterl veins (magnication needed). Also distinctive by its pinnate laminae with apices often agellate and proliferous at the tip. The rhizomes are erect n s pporte b stilt roots. ees rill rrne. Žhe teril st ie or this t on n cite boe probbl belons to two or three species b t ore st ies re necessr to clri  the t ono. Trichomanes tanaicum Œoo’. e –.. „t r. l. •rs. 
: . . i res:  • Figure 25. A–C. Trichomanes hostmannianum. A. Œbit
Prado et l. 1194 „. B. rt o  ertile seent. C. „or s
• ƒ. Prado et l. 1272 „. D–F. Trichomanes macilentum Habit/Habitat: Herb; hemiepiphyte, in terra rme forest.
Prado et l. 1385 „. D. Œbit. E. ertile seent. F. „or s. G–I. Trichomanes martiusii ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1209 (UFACPZ);
Prado et l. 1217 „. G. Œbit. H. ertile seent. I. „or s. J K. Trichomanes ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1254 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1258 humboldtii
Prado et l. 1182 „. J. Œbit. K. „terile seent. (UFACPZ). http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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ro –. et l.

orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. Vandenboschia collariata
•osch •bihr › . “wts. ƒhrcterie b heiepiphte rowth hbit with the lees ppresse •l e 
: . . Trichomanes collariatum •osch …e. r i’. to tr n’s n sori t rne o twr perpenic lr to the s bstrte. €rch. : . ‰‹.  rther istinctie b siple liner line n t b lr in si. i res: –• Trichomanes trollii •erolt lor :   g. 3. . Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. i res:  •“ ‚teril e ine: itho t loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-053
‚  …† Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, in forest on terra rme. J. Jangoux et l. 850-073
‚  …†. ‚teril e ine: ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1366 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚e ico ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b heiepiphtic or heiepilithic hbit n • or ƒhrcterie b the lees to  c lon the sterile n ertile •pinnti i lees borne lon slener lon•creepin rhioes. ones dimorphic, sterile laminae 1-pinnate, the apices often agellate and Žhe rowth hbit is istinctie
…itt › •pps . „hort horiontl or proli ero s eins ree ctroo s lse eins bsent ertile line obli• e rhioes occ r on the bse o tr n’s enerll • c boe the entire liner rins crente sori rinl n in si t b lr. soil. Žhese short rhioes o not pro ce lees. “nste the ie rise to Vandenboschia ƒopel. hilipp. –. „ci. 
: . . the roots tht brnch pro sin when the rech the soil. Žhe lso ie rise to lon•creepin clibin rhioes tht ber the lees. Žhese clibin Œeiepiphtic or heiepilithic with roots n n rob st‘ rhioes rhioes re ttche to the s bstrte b r’ hesie hirs. •  i lon•creepin irre lrl brnchin ensel p bescent the hirs r’  lticell lr‘ sterile n ertile lees to  œ  c LINDSAEACEAE onoorphic‘ line ebrnceo s trnsl cent •cell thic’ between the eins •pinnte to •pinnte‘ eins ree nroo s lse eins ƒhrcterie b rhioes short• to lon•creepin hir or scl‘ bsent‘ sori rinl‘ in si t b lr to cpn lte the o th entire petioles with  sinle sc lr b nle  ill rooe‘ lin rchitect re aring; receptacles exserted, extending beyond the mouth of the indusium. e treel rible‘ eins ree or nstoosin‘ sori s preil close to ntropicl‘  species  in €cre. the rin with prphses‘ spores trilete or
rrel onolete. Lindsaea  be either terrestril rrel r pestrl or epiphtic. Žhe line o ten he iiite pinne or pinn les  ill rooe rchises n coste sori borne ner the linr rins n in si tht open towr the rin
not towr the irib. Žhe en s resebles Adiantum b t i ers b strineo s to reen petioles rchises n coste
these trop rp reo s or cstneo s in Adiantum n sori protecte b tr e in si borne s brinll on the linr s r ce n openin towr the rin
s. in Adiantum formed by the reexed margins of the lamina n openin towr the irib. ntropicl‘  ener c.  species. “n €cre  en s  species. Lindsaea rn. e „. ‚™. €c. ‡o. „ci.
Ž rin :  tb.  g. 4. . ƒhrcters o the il. . ees •pinnte . ine stronl re ce towr the pe ————..... L. stricta . ine not re ce or onl slihtl so towr the pe . Žerinl pinn setricl ppro itel trin lr trilobe pe obt se ——...... —...... L. falcata

3. Terminal pinna abellate or hastate, apex acute 4. Medial pinnae overlapping each other; terminal pinna abellate, •. œ .• c lterll s bc te to ro n —...... —. L. schomburgkii . ‚eil pinne spce‘ terinl pinn hstte • œ • c lterll c te lon•tten te to c te ...... L. ulei . ees •pinnte Figure 26. A–C. Trichomanes pinnatum
Daly et l. 7576 …†. A. Œbit. . inne stronl re ce picll...... ————. L. stricta B. rt o  ertile seent. C. „or s. D–F. Trichomanes tanaicum. D. rt o hbit
Prado et l. 1254 „. E. Part of a fertile segment (from Brazil, Amazonas, Maraã, . inne slihtl or not re ce picll Plowman et l. 12169a …†. F. „or s
Plowman et l. 12169a …†. G–I. Trichomanes trollii
Prado et l. 1366 „. G. Œbit. H. rt o  ertile seent. I. „or s. . inn pices not re ce picll...... —. L. hemiglossa J–L. Vandenboschia collariata
Jangoux et l. 85-073 …†. J. Œbit. K. ertile seents. L. „or s. . inn pices slihtl re ce picll http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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. ‚eil pinn les • œ loner thn wie‘ terinl pinn le nrrowl rchises. Žhe win•li’e ries re liht brown‘ in contrst the petioles lnceolte s bhstte•lobe t bse ...... L. taeniata n rchises re r’ brown to tn. . ‚eil pinn les • œ loner thn wie‘ terinl pinn le setricl Lindsaea falcata rn. Žrns. inn. „oc. onon :  tb.  ppro itel trin lr trilobe g. 2. . . etioles n rchises r’ brown to tn ...... —... L. divaricata i res:  • . etioles n rchises reenish or ple ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1148 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1167 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1308 (SP, UFACPZ), . ‚eil pinn les trpei or • œ loner thn wie ...... J. Prado et l. 1309 (SP, UFACPZ)...... — Lindsaea sp. orl istrib tion: ‚e ico ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to . ‚eil pinn les seil nte  œ loner thn wie ...... •olii...... L. lancea ƒhrcterie b •pinnte line lcte pinne • œ loner thn wide, and proximal pinnae abelliform to almost round. Also distinctive Lindsaea divaricata lotsch inne : . ‰‹. re the lre terinl pinn
.•. œ • c tht re setricl ppro itel trin lr n trilobe. i res: €•ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. Lindsaea hemiglossa K.U. Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6(2): 257. 1957. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l T.B. Croat & A. Rosas Jr. 62671 i res:  •“
…† J. Prado et l. 1151 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1177 (SP, UFACPZ), Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on slopes. J. Prado et l. 1270 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, Silveira et l. 1246 ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l G.T. Prance et l. 11931
…†‘
…†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1359 (SP, UFACPZ). Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12142
…†. orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b lees •pinnte terinl pinn siilr thn the lterl ƒhrcterie b •pinnte line n terinl pinne lost  œ loner ones n win•li’e ries present on the  il sie o the seconr thn the lterl ones. €lso istinctie re nrrow pinn les  œ loner thn wie the pro il ones re ce n trin lr. Žhe terinl pinn le re abellate, long-cuneate basally and ending in a stalk, as long as wide or wier erinte or conce
Š•shpe picll. Lindsaea lancea
. •e. „ ppl. erns „. “n. . . Adiantum lanceum . „p. l.
e.  : . . i res: –•‚ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1309 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b lees • or •pinnte
er rrel •pinnte t bse  or  pinn pirs pinn les re lrl iiite seil nte the pro il ones lcte  œ loner thn wie the eil pinn les  œ loner thn wie n the terinl pinn le brol lnceolte or een trin lr setricl t bse trilobe pe soeties c te. Lindsaea schomburgkii lotsch inne : . ‰‹. i res: € • Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1172 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b slener
•  wie creepin rhioes line •pinnte pinne lcte with the eil ones oerlppin ech other 2.5 × longer than wide, the terminal pinna abellate, truncate, 2–3.5 × 1.5–4 cm). Lindsaea stricta
„w. rn. r. stricta Žrns. inn. „oc. onon : . . Adiantum strictum „w. ror. . . i res: ƒ Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ terrestril in ƒpin. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 10633
…† Figure 27. A–C. Lindsaea divaricata. A. Œbit
Prado et l. 1270 „. B. Šention J. Prado et l. 1335 (SP, UFACPZ). o the ertile seent. C. „or s
• ƒ. Prado et l. 1359 „. D–F. Lindsaea falcata orl istrib tion: iespre in the …eotropics.
Prado et l. 1308 „. D. Œbit. E. Šention o the ertile seent. F. „or s. G–I. Lindsaea hemiglossa
Prance et l. 11931 …†. G. Œbit. H. Šention o the ƒhrcterie b noose rhioes coriceo s •pinnte lees ertile seent. I. „or s. J–M. Lindsaea lancea
Prado et l. 1309 „. J. Œbit. pinn les • œ loner thn wie n istl pinn les r ll re ce K. Šention o the ertile seent. L. „or s. M. ‡chis  ill. towr the pinn pices becoin lost estiil. http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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Lindsaea taeniata K.U. Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6(2): 208, g. 62. 1957. Lindsaea sp. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. i res:   Œ Material examined: Mâncio Lima, W.T. Steward P12691
…†. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1348 (SP, UFACPZ). ƒhrcterie b slener
•  i. creepin rhioes •pinnte orl istrib tion: er n •ril. lees pinn les ptent elonte
• c œ •  with the inner i erin ro other species o Lindsaea in €cre b •pinnte lees rin prllel to the rchis pro il pinn les slihtl re ce n •pirs o lterl pinne iiite trpei or pinn les pices lcte istl pinn les r ll re ce terinl pinn le nrrowl lnceolte • œ loner thn wie n stronl oerlppin ech other. Žhe pices s bhstte•lobe t bse. o the pinn les t rn croscopicll n the terinl pinn les re lre Lindsaea ulei Œieron. e ƒhrist Œewii : . .
•. œ •. c setricl ppro itel trin lr trilobe with lon•tten te pices. Žhe closest species is L. phassa K.U. Kramer, i res: •  b t it i ers inl b the pinn les not oerlppin n pinn le pices Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. stronl lon•c inte. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1206 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1356 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et l. 1232 LOMARIOPSIDACEAE J. Prado et l. 1243 J. Prado et l. 1367 (SP, UFACPZ), (SP, UFACPZ), ƒhrcterie b lon•creepin to erect scl rhioes‘ onoorphic J. Prado et l. 1369 (UFACPZ), (SP, UFACPZ). or iorphic sterile n ertile lees •pinnte line‘ pinne rtic lte orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric. to the rchises n eins ree‘ sori ro n or crostichoi in site or ƒhrcterie b creepin slener
•  wie rhioes •pinnte e in site. Šrible s to hbit either terrestril epilithic heiepiphtic lees lre
•. œ •. c lcte pinne with pices c re towr or epiphytic. A member of Eupolypods I, a clade dened by having petiole the bse o the lin pro il pinne stronl lcte terinl pinn sc lt re with the   il b nles enlre n seerl sller ones large (2–4 × 4–10 cm), asymmetrically abellate, the distal margin convex rrne in  seicircle beneth. or sin o s. ntropicl‘  ener  species. “n €cre  ener  species. . lnts scnent on tree tr n’s‘ sterile n ertile lees iorphic‘ sori crostichoi ...... Lomariopsis . lnts terrestril‘ sterile n ertile lees onoorphic‘ sori ro n ———...... —.. Cyclopeltis

Cyclopeltis –. „. •ot. ‚. : . . ntropicl‘  species  in €cre. Cyclopeltis semicordata
„w. –. „. •ot. ‚. : cop. . . Polypodium semicordatum „w. ror. . . i res: € • Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 11721
…†‘ Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11427
…† M. Silveira et l. 1574
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 7342 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 10473
…† D.C. Daly et l. 10810
…†‘ orto €cre C.A. Cid & B. Nelson 2877
…† P.J.M. Maas et l. 13247
‚  …†‘ • i ” C.A Cid & A. Rosas Jr. 2961
…†‘ ‡eser • trtiist ƒhico ‚enes Colocação Simitumba, A.R.S. Oliveira et l. 131 (NY, UFACPZ); Rio Branco, C.S. Pessôa et l. 194
‡•‘ „nt ‡os D.C. Daly et l. 10978
…† D.C. Daly et l. 11367
…†‘ „en ‚ reir D.C. Daly et l. 7857
…† UFACPZ); Rio Branco, D.C. Daly et l. 6881 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, D.C. Daly et l. 8667 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 8799 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 7516
…†‘ šp ri D.C. Daly et l. 8420
…†‘ itho t loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-074
‚  …†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b •pinnte lees n pinne with the bsiscopic bse  ricle with the  ricle oerlppin the rchis. ˜ther help l chrcters re s bcon or lin pices pinne rtic lte to the rchises
the rtic ltion seen as a faint dark line; magnication needed), entire or nearly so, sori ro n in  or  rows between the cost n rin n in si peltte. Figure 28. A B. Lindsaea schomburgkii
Prado et l. 1172 „. A. Œbit. B. Šention € coon species in €cre n the onl …eotropicl species o the en s. o the ertile pinn. C D. Lindsaea stricta r. stricta
Prado et l. 1335 „. Lomariopsis ™e ‚™. o . : •. . C. inne. D. Šention o the ertile pinn le. E F. Lindsaea ulei
Prado et l. 1232 „. E. Œbit. F. etil o the eins. G H. Lindsaea sp.
Prado et l. 1348 „. lnts heiepiphtic strtin ro etophtes ro n the bses o G. inn. H. Šention o the ertile pinn le. tree tr n’s. ‡hioes lon•creepin in cross section with  bro entrl http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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eristele roots borne onl on the entrl s r ces‘ sterile n ertile lees orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. stronl iorphic‘ petioles not rtic lte to the rhioe with • sc lr ƒhrcterie b line r ll re ce towr the bse. bundles; laminae 1-pinnate (simple in juveniles of some species), with a con or picl pinn‘ pinne entire or nerl so rtic lte to the rchis‘ Lomariopsis nigropaleata Œoltt  • ll. ‚isc. “n or. ew ertile pinne nrrower thn the sterile‘ sori crostichoi. Žhe …eotropicl : . . species were reise b ‚orn
. i res:  •“ ntropicl‘  species  in €cre. Habit/Habitat: Herb; hemiepiphyte, in terra rme forest. . ‡hioe scles reish or reish brown ————— L. prieuriana ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i S.R. Lowrie et l. 726
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1202 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1211 (SP, UFACPZ), . ‡hioe scles r’ brown to blc’ J. Prado et l. 1352 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 11568 . ‡hioe scles •.  lon‘ line onl slihtl re ce
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro L.C. Ming & L.A. Ferreira 324
…†. towr the bse —...... L. nigropaleata orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b sll
•.  lon ppresse blc’ rhioe . ‡hioe scles •  lon‘ line r ll re ce towr scles n c nete pinn bses. the bse ...... L. japurensis Lomariopsis prieuriana ™e ‚™. o . :  tb.  g. 1. . Lomariopsis japurensis
‚rt. –. „. Œist. il. . . Acrostichum japurense ‚rt. “con. l. ƒrpt.  tb. . . i res: –• i res: ƒ• Habit/Habitat: Herb; hemiepiphyte, in terra rme forest. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1137 (SP, UFACPZ); Habit/Habitat: Herb; hemiepiphyte, in terra rme forest. ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1363 (SP, UFACPZ). ‚teril e ine: €ssis •rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9817
…† orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. UFACPZ); Cruzeiro do Sul, P.J.M. Maas et l. P12886 (NY); Mâncio ƒhrcterie b pinne oblon with bses e cte bsiscopicll. i G.T. Prance et l. 12055
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro L.G. ƒopre to the other two coneners in €cre the rhioe scles re Lohmann et l. 480
…†‘ „nt ‡os D.C. Daly et l. 9945
…†. brihter reish or reish brown. LYGODIACEAE

ƒhrcterie b twinin rchises. Žhe onl other ern en s with clibin rchises is Salpichlaena
•lechncee which i ers b reish o n lees tht re •pinnte n liner sori prllel to the cost les. etioles in cross•section with  sinle circ lr sc lr b nle. …o niosper clibs b ens o  twinin rchis. €lso chrcterie b creepin rhioes berin lees in  sinle row on the orsl s r ce
orthosticho s brnchin ichotoo sl t the pe  p bescent‘ lees ineterinte the rchises twinin ro n  s pport‘ pinne lternte short•stl’e the stl’s or’e n o ten with  b  in the bi rction‘ eins ree or reolte‘ sori borne rinll on the lobes, often in small nger-like projections (sorophores), but in some species the entire ertile seent is nrrowe‘ sporni solitr one per vein tip, each sporangium covered by a green ap of tissue. ntropicl‘  en s c.  species. Lygodium „w. –. •ot.
„chrer 
:  .  nom. cons. „e chrcters s those ien or the il.  species in €cre. . „terile pinn les lobe t bse‘  es ensel p bescent ... L. venustum . „terile pinn les entire‘  es sprsel p ber lent ———... L. volubile

Lygodium venustum „w. –. •ot.
„chrer 
: . . i res: €•ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; vine-like, in forest on terra rme. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, M. Silveira et l. 1543 (NY, UFACPZ); Rio Branco, L. Coêlho & A. Rosas Jr. 1925
…†‘ Žr c” C. Ehringhaus et l. 346
…†. orl istrib tion: ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. Figure 29. A B. Cyclopeltis semicordata
Daly et l. 8420 …†. A. ertile ron. ƒhrcterie b ensel p bescent le  es n bsll lobe sterile . Šention o the ertile pinn. C–F. Lomariopsis japurensis. C. etil o ste. B pinn les. D. „te scle. E. „terile pinn
ƒ••. Prance et l. 12055 …†. F. ertile pinn
Maas et l. 12886 …†. G–I. Lomariopsis nigropaleata
Prado et l. 1352 „. Lygodium volubile „w. –. •ot.
„chrer 
: . . G. „te. H. „te scle. I. rt o  sterile ron. J–L. Lomariopsis prieuriana
Prado et l. 1137 „. J. „te. K. „te scle. L. „terile pinn. i res:  • http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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into o ble•rowe snni openin b pores‘ snni coerin lost the entire lin b ill. …eotropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. . „terile pinn pirs  ——————..—...... D. trifoliata . „terile pinn pirs • . etioles witho t noes‘ sterile pinn pirs • • c lon.— ...... — D. cartilaginea . etioles with  or  noes‘ sterile pinn pirs • • c lon...... D. leprieurii

Danaea cartilaginea ƒhristenh. › Ž oisto ew • ll. 
:  • . €••. . i res: ƒ•• Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i D.C. Daly et l. 6787 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 9884 (NY, UFACPZ); Feijó, P. Delprete et l. 8301A & B
…†‘ „en ‚ reir D.C. Daly et l. 8137 (NY, UFACPZ); Without municipality, J. Jangoux et l. 85- 071
…†. orl istrib tion: Šene el ƒolobi •c or er n •ril. ƒhrcterie b the bsence o noes on the petioles n line with • pirs o lterl pinne these elliptic lnceolte to oblnceolte • c lon rins crtilineo s n pices rin ro entire to entic lte the enttion s ll not c ttin into the reen linr tiss e. Danaea leprieurii Kunze, Farrnkräuter 1: 37, g. 60. 1843. i res: € •

Figure 30. A–C. Lygodium venustum
Coêlho & Rosas 1925 …†. A. rt o  Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, near stream ron. B. ertile pinn le. C. „ori. D–F. Lygodium volubile
Prado et l. 1371 „. rins. D. rt o  ron. E. rt o  ertile pinn le. F. „ori. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1204 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b erect rhioes n • pirs o elliptic pinne Habit/Habitat: Herb; vine-like, in forest on terra rme. • c lon. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1371 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl Danaea trifoliata ‡eichb. e  ne €nlect terior.  tb. . . „o th €eric. i res:  ƒhrcterie b bsll ro ne
not lobe sterile pinn les n  es nerl lbro s or sprsel p ber lent. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, near stream rins. MARATTIACEAE ‚teril e ine: ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1365 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ins n •ril. Characterized by 2 paired, eshy, ear-like stipules at the base of the ƒhrcterie b ternte lees with the terinl pinne t lest lees swellins
p lin lois present on the pinn bses or
in Danaea • œ loner thn the lterl ones. along the rachises where the pinnae are joined, opposite pinnae, and snni. Žhe petioles with  or ore concentric rins o seprte sc lr METAXYACEAE b nles. €ll eber o the il e e  cile ro the c t s r ces o the roots stes n lees. ƒhrcterie b short•creepin p bescent rhioes •pinnte lees ntropicl‘  ener c.  species. “n €cre  en s  species. with  con or terinl seent n non•in site sori scttere ner the coste. €lso istinctie re lees to .
•.  lon the sterile n ertile Danaea „. ‚™. €c. ‡o. „ci.
Ž rin 
•:  tb.  ones onoorphic‘ petioles with  sinle corr te horseshoe•shpe g. 11.  nom. cons. sc lr b nle‘ pinne lternte stl’e entire serrte istll‘ eins •sil reconie b resh rhioes tht re pin’ish•p rple when free, parallel to each other, simple or bifurcate at the base; sori supercial c t •pinnte lees with  con or terinl seent
this soeties
not rinl witho t in si scttere close to the cost • on ech replce b  b  opposite pinne n rchises swollen t the point o vein; paraphyses liform; receptacles at (not elevated). pinn ttchent. ˜ther istinctie chrcteristics re iorphic sterile Žhis il belons to the tree ern cle ƒtheles b t it is not n ertile lees‘ petioles with or witho t swollen noes bsll with rborescent. rounded, earlike, eshy stipules; pinnae entire or with serrate apices; …eotropicl‘  en s  species
ƒ”rens et l. . “n €cre  species. rchises swollen•noose t the insertion o the pinne‘ eins ree siple or • or’e ner the bse prllel to ech other‘ ertile lees lon•petiolte Metaxya ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . n there ore tller thn the sterile with nrrower pinne‘ sporni se ƒhrcters o the il. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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Figure 32. A–J. Metaxya parkeri. A. rt o  ertile ron. B. etiole bse. C. Œirs ro the petiole bse
€•ƒ. Prado et l. 1186 „. D–F. Šrition o the pinn Figure 31. A B. Danaea leprieurii
Prado et l. 1204 „. A. Œbit. B. Šention. pe
Prado et l. 1186 1320 1301 respectiel ll ro „. G. €b il iew o C–E. Danaea cartilaginea
Jangoux et l. 85-071 …†. C. ertile pinn. D. „terile pinn.  ertile pinn. H. ertile eins with sori
 Œ. Prado et l. 1186 „. I. €b il E. Šention. F G. Danaea trifoliata
Prado et l. 1365 „. F. Œbit. G. Šention. iew o  sterile pinn. J. „terile eins
“ –. Prado et l. 1320 „.

Metaxya parkeri
Œoo’. › re. –. „. onon –. •ot. : . . the scles peltte‘ sterile n ertile lees onoorphic‘ line liner Polypodium parkeri Œoo’. › re. “con. il. : tb. . . to liner•oblon‘ pinne n ero s rtic lte to the rchis b  circ lr bscission one‘ eins ree  ill hthoo s the hthoes o ten i res: €•– white; sori terminal on the rst acroscopic vein branch, in a single row Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, near stream between the cost n pinn rin eil to s brinl‘ in si l nte rins. to circ lr ttche b  sin s. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 11705
…† ntropicl‘  en s c.  species  in €cre. J. Prado et l. 1186 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1301 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1320 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. Nephrolepis „chott en. il. tb. . . 11624
…† M. Silveira et l. 1365
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. „e chrcters s the il. Daly et l. 10526
…†‘ orto Šlter D.C. Daly et l. 7577
…† P.J.M. Maas et l. P13150
…†‘ itho t loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-043
…† . “n si l nte broer thn wie ——————.——— N. pendula J. Jangoux et l. 85-108
…†. . “n si reni or ppro itel circ lr orl istrib tion: esser €ntilles inl … „o th €eric Žo •olii. ƒopre to its coneners Metaxya parkeri is ni• e b serrtions . inne  ill sprsel scl the scles whitish n cilite‘ o the pinne not restricte to the pices b t inste e tenin towr petiole scles bicoloro s with  r’ center n lihter•colore the pinn bse t lest one•• rter o the w n soeties ll the w borers ——...... N. brownii to the bse. ƒoneners he either entire pinne or ones tht re serrte onl picll. . inne  ill lbro s‘ petiole scles concoloro s NEPHROLEPIDACEAE . inne b ill scl‘ in si bicoloro s r’ene centrll with lihter rins ...... N. rivularis ƒhrcterie b the presence o stolons •pinnte line tpicll with . inne b ill p bescent‘ in si concoloro s not r’ene a small ddlehead at the apex, sessile pinnae, and round sori. The rachis scales centrll ——...... — N. biserrata re ni• e on erns in tht the c te elonte sie points towr the bse o the le  not the pe s in the scles on the petiole bses n rhioes. Nephrolepis biserrata
„w. „chott en. il. tb. . . Žhe petioles contin seerl sc lr b nles the   il ones enlre Aspidium biserratum „w. –. •ot.
„chrer 
: . . n s btene b  sei•circle o sller ones
i.e. tpicl • polpos “ pttern.  rther chrcterie b erect s ll short stes these scl i res: € • http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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i res: •  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on terra rme. ‚teril e ine: Žr c” G.T. Prance et l. 7296
…†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b lbro s lees
rchis eins n linr tiss e sori s brinl n in si  ch broer thn lon. Nephrolepis rivularis
Šhl ‚ett. e r  •ot. –hrb. „st. : . . Polypodium rivulare Šhl •clo. €er. : . . i res:   Œ Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte on ”re orest. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1286 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1325 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12179
‚  …†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b circ lr bicoloro s in si
r’er center ple borers n pinn  ill lbro s. €b ill the pinne he in te bsll cilite scles. POLYPODIACEAE

ƒhrcterie b epiphtic hbit creepin rhioes berin  orsolterl rows o phllopoi‘ siple to •pinnte lees
selo hihl issecte to •pinnte•pinntisect‘ ro n sori n either ellow or reen spores. etioles with  or  sc lr b nles
ritis which re not in €cre or with seerl to n sc lr b nles with the   il ones enlre n s btene b  seicircle o sller ones
• polpos “ pttern‘ sori ro n or oblon or liner e in site or protecte b  scle. Figure 33. A B. Nephrolepis biserrata
Prado et l. 1163 „. A. rt o  sterile ron. “t is one o the lrest ilies in erns. €bo t hl the species in the B. Šention o  sterile pinn. C D. Nephrolepis brownii
Delprete et l. 8111 …†. C. rt il re the žriti ernsŸ chrcterie b lc’ o linr scles o  ertile ron. D. Šention n sori o the ertile pinn. E F. Nephrolepis pendula n reen tetrherl spores. Žhis cle which is priril ontne is
Prance et l. 7296 …†. E. rt o  ertile ron
epiphte n pennt. F. Šention n sori o the ertile pinn. G H. Nephrolepis rivularis
Prado et l. 1286 „. bsent ro €cre G. Œbit. H. Šention o the sterile pinn. ƒosopolitn‘  ener c.  species. “n €cre  ener  species. . ees siple entire Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme near stream margins. . „ori liner ...... Pleopeltis ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1163 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1180 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1199 (SP, UFACPZ); . „ori ro n Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1216 (SP, UFACPZ). . „ori in seerl rows between irib n lin rin orl istrib tion: lori ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric tropicl „o th €eric. . „ori in  or ore rows between the in lterl eins r nnin ƒhrcterie b pinne p bescent b ill n lbro s  ill ro irib to rin ...... Campyloneurum n b reni or in si. . „ori in  row between the in lterl eins r nnin ro Nephrolepis brownii
es. Œoen’p › ‚i. •l e 
: irib to rin ...... Niphidium . . Nephrodium brownii es. ‚™. „oc. inn. ris : . . . „ori in  row between rchis n lin rin i res: ƒ . ‡hioe scles clthrte‘ sori coere b peltte scles when Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme near stream margins. o n...... Pleopeltis ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l P. Delprete et l. 8111
…†‘ Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 11595
…†. . ‡hioe scles not clthrte‘ sori not coere b peltte orl istrib tion: lori „ ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric tropicl scles ...... Microgramma „o th €eric leotropics. . ees pinntisect to
rrel •pinnte•pinntisect …o other species o Nephrolepis hs bicoloro s petiole scles. Žhese re o ten ppresse wheres in other species the re sprein. . ‡chises  ill p ber lent‘ spornil cps les o ten set lose‘ €lso istinctie b reni or in si n pinn  ill with sprse rhioe scles o ten with brown hirs t the point o ttchent ... whitish cilite scles...... Pecluma Nephrolepis pendula
‡i –. „. –. •ot.
Œoo’er : . ‰‹. . ‡chises  ill lbro s‘ spornil cps les lbro s‘ rhioe Aspidium pendulum ‡i ˜p sc. „ci. : . . scles lbro s http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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erns n lcophtes o €cre

. ine oertel to ensel scl‘ sori when o n coere b Material examined: Bujari, L.R. Marinho 163
…† M. de peltte scles ...... Pleopeltis Pardo et l. 93
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l G.T. Prance et l. 12617
…†‘ P. Delprete et l. 8311
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. . ine lbro s or nerl so‘ sori when o n not coere b peltte Feijó, 10936
…†‘ orto Šlter P.J.M. Maas et l. 12931
…†‘ Žr c” scles D.C. Daly et l. 8628 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 7384
…† G.T. 8. Leaves pinnatid, the apical segment conform (i.e., resembling Prance et l. 7249
…† M. Silveira et l. 1146
…†. the lterl pinne‘ sori tpicll s pplie b two eins ...... orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico esser €ntilles ‚esoeric n ...... Phlebodium tropicl „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b penent epiphtic hbit short•creepin rhioes 8. Leaves pinnatid or 1-pinnate; the apices gradually tapered and n coriceo s liner line .•. c wie. Žhe plnt ill strte in pinnatid; sori supplied by a single vein ...... Serpocaulon i. ƒ hs er nrrow line. ‚ore st  is neee on rition in Campyloneurum ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . this species thro ho t its istrib tion. ƒhrcterie b rhioes short• to lon•creepin scl the scles Campyloneurum aphanophlebium
 ne Ž. ‚oore “ne ilic. s ll lnceolte clthrte or non•clthrte lbro s‘ sterile n ertile . . Polypodium aphanophlebium Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) lees onoorphic‘ petioles rtic lte to the rhioes or to short 
: . . phllopoi‘ line siple entire
b t •pinnte in  species oblon i res:   • to nrrowl elliptic lbro s or with  ew scles on the rchis‘ ention reolte with incl e einlets these s ll between proinent eins‘ Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ low•tr n’ epiphte orests in bro enerin sori in • rows between the in lterl eins borne on the tips o stre lles in steep hill terrin. incl e einlets ro n n seerl rows between the irib n rins ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i G.P. da Silva et l. 173 (NY); Mâncio o the lin‘ sporni lbro s‘ prphses bsent. ‚ostl epiphtic i D.C. Daly et l. 11601
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. occsionll terrestril or r pic lo s. Daly et l. 7496 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 10255
…†‘ orto Šlter …eotropicl‘ c.  species  in €cre. P.J.M. Maas et l. P13181
…†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1261 (SP, UFACPZ); Santa Rosa, D.C. Daly et l. 10173
…†‘ Žr c” D.C. . ine .•. c wie ———————...... C. angustifolium Daly et l. 8630 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 7267
…†. . ine • c wie . ‡hioes •  wie . ine br ptl ec rrent to  nrrow win lon petioles ...... — C. abruptum . ine r ll tperin towr the bse ...... C. phyllitidis . ‡hioes •
•  wie . ine • c wie —...... ———. C. coarctatum . ine • c wie 5. Laminae minutely puberulent abaxially (magnication neee‘ rhioes short•creepin noose‘ petioles   prt ...... C. aphanophlebium . ine lbro s b ill‘ rhioes lon•creepin‘ petioles •  prt . ‡hioe scles slihtl bicoloro s with r’ centers n lihter brown rins —...... C. repens . ‡hioe scles concoloro s ...... C. fuscosquamatum

Campyloneurum abruptum
in. •. ™on ielin •ot. n.s. : . . Polypodium repens r. abruptum in. €r’. •ot. : . . Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ epiphte ”re orest. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11225
…† M. Silveira et l. 1582
…†. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b line • c wie n br ptl ec rrent towr the bse n sto t rhioes c.  c wie.

Campyloneurum angustifolium
„w. ™e ‚™. o . : . . Figure 34. A B. Campyloneurum coarctatum
Croat 85144 …†. A. Œbit. Polypodium angustifolium „w. ror. . . B. ertile ron. C. Campyloneurum angustifolium
Pardo et l. 93 …†. C. Œbit. D . Campyloneurum aphanophlebium
Prado et l. 1261 „. D. Œbit. . ertile i re: ƒ E E ron. F G. Campyloneurum fuscosquamatum
Daly et l. 10994 …†. F. Œbit. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. G. „terile ron. http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. c te n brown. •se on the n ber o collections this is the ost Žhe onl species o Campyloneurum in €cre with line p bescent coon species o Campyloneurum in €cre. abaxially. Magnication needed to see the minute hairs, which are best Campyloneurum repens
€ bl. ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . seen in prole. The laminae widest above the middle and long-decurrent, Polypodium repens € bl. Œist. l. ine : . . r nnin nerl to the bse o the le  lein  er short or no petiole. i res: •  Žhe rhioes re short•creepin with petioles c.   prt. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. Campyloneurum coarctatum
 ne ™e ‚™. o . : . . ‚teril e ine: €crelni T.B. Croat 85921
‚˜ …†‘ ‡io •rnco Polypodium coarctatum  ne inne : . . C. A. Cid & B.W. Nelson 2816
…† T.B. Croat 86111
‚˜ …†‘ ‡ori es i res: € • €les J. Prado et l. 1273 (SP, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. „o th €eric. ‚teril e ine: ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 10345 ƒhrcterie b slener
.•  i. lon•creepin rhioes
…†‘ orto Šlter T.B. Croat 85144
…† D.C. Daly et l. 7556
…†. er short
.•.  lon petioles n niie reoles continin onl orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii.  e c rrent einlets. retl reseblin Campyloneurum fuscosquamatum, ƒhrcterie b lon•creepin rhioes with internoes •  i erin onl b ple•rine rhioe scles. ‚ore st  neee lon petioles • c lon berin ppresse brown rinte scles n c te line. Microgramma ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . Campyloneurum fuscosquamatum elliner €er. ern –. 
: ƒhrcterie b lon•creepin rhioes with non•clthrte scles  g. 4, 10. . siple n entire line n sori in one row between the rchis n rin. ˜ther chrcters re: plnts epiphtic rrel r picolo s‘ sterile i res:  n ertile lees onoorphic or
ore coonl iorphic with the Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte on terra rme forest and várzea forest. ertile lees loner n nrrower thn the sterile‘ line entire ote to ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i D.C. Daly et l. 6802 (NY, UFACPZ), elliptic or oblon‘ eins reolte the reoles with incl e einlets‘ sori D.C. Daly et l. 11894 (NY); Bujari, W.R. Anderson 12123 (NY); Feijó, ro n or rrel oblon in  sinle row between the rchis n rin‘ P. Delprete et l. 8580
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1290 prphses present consistin o nrrow scles‘ spores onolete ellow. (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1338 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1141 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12052
‚  …† G.T. Prance et l. 12052A
…†‘ • i ” E. Forero et l. 6388
‚  …†‘ „nt ‡os D.C. Daly et l. 10151
…† D.C. Daly et l. 10994
…†‘ „en ‚ reir D.C. Daly et l. 7856 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 7694
…†‘ Žr c” D.C. Daly et l. 8620
…† UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 8760 (NY, UFACPZ); Without locality, J. Jangoux et l. 85-039
‚  …†. orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b slener lon•creepin rhioes with non•clthrte r’ brown non•rinte lnceolte to liner scles. Žhe lees re • c lon lnceolte n e• ll tten te towr the bse n pe . retl reseblin Campyloneurum repens, i erin onl b concoloro s rhioe scles. ‚ore st  neee. Campyloneurum phyllitidis
. ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . Polypodium phyllitidis . „p. l. : •. . i res: €• Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. ‚teril e ine: •rsil™i D.C. Daly et l. 11922 (NY); Bujari, M. de Pardo et l. 94
…†‘ ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 11716
…† J. Prado et l. 1315 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1377 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 2783
…† G.T. Prance et l. 2818
…† G.T. Prance et l. 12530
…† G.T. Prance et l. 12622 (MG, NY); Feijó, G.T. Prance et l. 7317 (NY); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1136 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1142 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1215 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 9129
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 10528
…†‘ orto €cre A.R.S. Oliveira et l. 763
…†‘ orto Šlter P.J.M. Maas et l. P12932
‚  …†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1264 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1280 (SP, UFACPZ); Sena Madureira, D.C. Daly et l. 7906 (NY, UFACPZ); Without locality, J. Jangoux et l. 85-098
…†. orl istrib tion: „ lori ‚e ico €ntilles ‚esoeric n tropicl n s btropicl „o th €eric. Figure 35. A–D. Campyloneurum phyllitidis. A. Œbit. B. ertile ron ƒhrcterie b the line s bcoriceo s shin r ll tperin
€ •. Pardo et l. 94 …†. C. Œbit. D. „terile ron
ƒ . Prado et l. 1377 „. towr the bse n c te pices. Žhe rhioe scles re ote•lnceolte E F. Campyloneurum repens
Prado et l. 1273 „. E. Œbit. F. ertile ron. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop. 
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erns n lcophtes o €cre

…eotropics n
 species so thern € ric n islns o the “nin sll potto. Microgramma bifrons hs lon been clle Solanopteris ˜cen‘  species  in €cre. bifrons
Œoo’. ƒopel. b t olec lr phloenetic st ies he shown tht Solanopteris nests in Microgramma
„chneier et l. ‘ 1. Rhizomes distincly attened, more than 10 mm wide ……………… „lino et l. ...... —... M. megalophylla Microgramma dictyophylla
 ne e ‚ett. e l „ot …oon . ‡hioes terete or nerl so •  wie 
: •. . Polypodium dictyophyllum  ne e ‚ett. €bh. . ‡hioes with t bers inhbite b nts —————— M. bifrons „enc’enber. …t r . es. : . . . ‡hioes witho t t bers i res: •  . „terile n ertile lees iorphic or s biorphic Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, in forest on terra rme. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8955
…† . inr tiss e coriceo s lbro s‘ lees s biorphic UFACPZ), P.J.M. Maas et l. 8932
…†‘ Žr c” G.T. Prance et l. ———...... — M. baldwinii 7258
‚  …†‘ itho t loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-094
‚  …†‘ . inr tiss e chrtceo s scl the scles in te‘ lees M. Silveira et l. 3976
…†. stronl iorphic orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b sll blc’ ots on the line b ill n b sori . „ori slihtl protr in beon the le rins —...... with many dark reddish paraphyses. The rst series of areoles adjacent to ...... M. reptans the irib lc’s  ree incl e ein. Žhis species hs lon been clle . „ori within the le rins ———— M. tecta r. nana Microgramma fuscopunctata
Œoo’. Šreschi. . „terile n ertile lees onoorphic Microgramma megalophylla
es. e l „ot •ol. „oc. €rent. •ot. : . . Polypodium megalophyllum es. ‚™. „oc. inn. . „ori oblon —...... M. persicariifolia ris : . . . „ori ro n i re:  . „ori proin lo s on the  il linr s r ce‘ line coriceo s ———...... M. percussa . „ori not proin lo s on the  il linr s r ce‘ line chrtceo s . ine b ill with sll blc’ ots —...... M. dictyophylla . ine b ill witho t ots ———. M. thurnii

Microgramma baldwinii •re €rch. –r. •ot. ‡io e –neiro :  tb. . . i re: € Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme, near stream rins. ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l J. Prado et l. 1353 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12515
‚  …† N.A. Rosa 716 (NY); Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1366
…†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1235 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1267 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1282 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1368 (UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. ƒhrcterie b petioles lc’in or nerl so line lbro s coriceo s n obt se n sori ebosse on the lin  ill. ‡hioe scles esil ll o in rie speciens. Microgramma bifrons
Œoo’. elliner €er. ern –. 
: . . Polypodium bifrons Œoo’. il. • ot. tb. . . i res: •• Œbit/Œbitt: Œerb‘ cnop epiphte in open orest. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8998 (NY, UFACPZ). orl istrib tion: ‚esoeric n … „o th €eric to •olii. istin ishe ro ll other species o Microgramma in €cre b nt•inhbite t bers on the rhioes. Žhe entrnce hole or the Figure 36. A. Microgramma baldwinii
Prado et l. 1267 „. A. Œbit. nts is locte on the entrl sie o the t bers cin the s bstrte. B D. Microgramma bifrons (from Peru, Madre de Díos, Valenzoela et l. 4087 Žhe plnts row roots into the chbers n bsorb wter n inerl …†. B. Œbit. C. ertile ron. D. Šention. E F. Microgramma dictyophylla n triens ro the ornic tter le t b the nts. Žhe coon ne
Silveira et l. 3976 …†. E. Œbit. F. Šeins n sori. G. Microgramma megalophylla žpotto ernŸ re ers to the nt•inhbite t bers which reseble 
Prado et l. 1265 „. G. Œbit. http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. 
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Habit/Habitat: Herb; canopy epiphyte, in forest on terra rme. istinct ro other species o Microgramma in cre b sterile n ‚teril e ine: ƒr eiro o „ l P.J.M. Maas et l. P12725
‚  ertile lees stronl iorphic the sterile ones elliptic or oteŒoblon …† J. Prado et l. 1196 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 12595
‚  • c lon n the ertile ones oblon to liner with the sori e†tenin …† J. Pruski et l. 3465 (NY); Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1307 slihtl beon the le rins.
…†‘ ‡ori es €les J. Prado et l. 1265 (SP, UFACPZ); Without loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-015
…†. Microgramma tecta Žl. lston r. nana •ieb. •ic…el • ‘eitel orl istrib tion: … „o th €eric to •olii. •e. ew or… ‘ot. r. : ‰  . ‰‰€•„. ˆ . .Acrostichum nanum •ieb. Characterized by attened, 1–3 cm wide rhizomes covered by whitish Žonel. ns…e ‹iens….
els…. triens…. •th. h. :  . ˆ. scles. “t rows onl in the cnop not on lower portions o tr n’s. ires:   Žhe species ne žmegalophyllaŸ re ers to the lre lees which re tpicll • c lon. bit/bitt: erb epiphte oten in the cnop n especill on sll ieter brnches in orest ner stre rins. Microgramma percussa
ƒ. e l „ot hsis
• enos €ires •teril e†ine: reiro o
l J. Prado et l. 1296 (SP, UFACPZ), 
ƒ: . . Polypodium percussum ƒ. escr. l. •. . J. Prado et l. 1372 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et l. 1274 i res: € • (SP, UFACPZ). Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte, terra rme forest on gently undulating ‚orl istribtion: ins n ‘ril. terrin nist rbe b t cnop open. hrcterie b stronl iorphic sterile n ertile lees the Material examined: Bujari, M. de Pardo et l. 92 (NY, UFACPZ); sterile ones ronish or ote c. • c lon n sori not e†tenin ƒr eiro o „ l D.C. Daly et l. 11657
…† D.C. Daly et l. 11714 beon the le rins.
…† P.J.M. Maas et l. P13133B
…† J. Prado et l. 1346 (UFACPZ), Microgramma thurnii ‘…er €.•. „ron •
tole ielin ‘ot. n.s. J. Prado et l. 1375 (UFACPZ); Feijó, P. Delprete et l. 8310
…† P. Delprete et l. 8488 (NY); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11218
…†  : ‰ . ˆˆ. Polypodium thurnii ‘…er nn. ‘ot. ’†or ‰:  . ˆ . D.C. Daly et l. 11420
…†‘ ‚rechl Žh t ro D.C. Daly et l. 10297 ires:   ‘
…† L.G. Lohmann et l. 458
…†‘ „en ‚ reir M. Silveira et l. 616 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, C. Ehringhaus et l. 382
…† G.T. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. Prance et l. 7380
…†. orl istrib tion: „ ‚e ico ‚esoeric n tropicl „o th €eric. ƒhrcterie b sori ebosse on the  il linr s r ce n b the o ten lon•tten te linr pices. Žhe b il s r ce o the line is sprsel coere b peltte centrll r’ene scles. Žhe sori re istinctie: their ellow sporni re ebee in  reish ss o prphses. Microgramma persicariifolia
„chr. ƒ. resl Žent. teri. . . Polypodium persicariifolium
chr. tt. el. n. : . . ires:   bit/bitt: erb heiepiphte in re orest. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et l. 8497 (NY, UFACPZ); reiro o
l D.C. Daly et l. 7300 (NY, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12061  
nt €os D.C. Daly et l. 10103   D.C. Daly et l. 11340  
en •reir A.R.S. Oliveira et l. 622   M. de Pardo et l. 148 (NY, UFACPZ); Xapuri, L.G. Lohmann et l. 600   ‚ithot loclit D.G. da Silva et l. 57  . ‚orl istribtion: ost €ic ƒn n tropicl
oth eric. „he onl species o Microgramma with oblon sori. „his n the lbros line re the two oo orpholoicl chrcters to ienti this species. „he species is  heiepiphte strtin ron the bses o trn…s n senin lon roots into the soil ro the pro†il prt o the clibin rhioe. Microgramma reptans . .€.
. ƒroc. li. c.
ci. ser.  ‡ : ‡. ˆ‰. Acrostichum reptans . nles ist. t. : ‡ . ˆˆ. ires: Š  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. Material examined: Bujari, M. de Pardo et l. 100   reiro o
l D.C. Daly et l. 11813 (NY); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11252   •rechl „htro D.C. Daly et l. 10571   ƒorto cre  . Microgramma percussa Daly et l. 11420  . . bit. A.R.S. Oliveira et l. 744   ƒorto ‹lter P.J.M. Maas et l. 13057 Figure 37. A B A B. ertile ron. C D. Microgramma persicariifolia Prance et l. 12061  .  
en •reir D.C. Daly et l. 8081 (NY, UFACPZ). C. bit. D. ertile ron. E F. Microgramma reptans Daly et l. 10571  . ‚orl istribtion: •e†ico b •esoeric n tropicl
oth E. bit. F. ertile ron. G H. Microgramma tecta r. nana Prado et l. 1372 eric.
ƒ . G. bit. H.
terile ron. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// .oi.or/./•••…•• Biota Neotrop.  : e ‡ ‡ ˆ ‡  

erns n lcophtes o cre

‚orl istribtion: •e†ico ntilles •esoeric n tropicl
oth eric. n epiphte reconie b the centrl cells o the rhioe scles elonte •‰ • s lon s bro. „he eins between the in lterl ones are nely reticulate, and the vein tips on the adaxial surface are often modied as whitish hydathodes. Pecluma •.. ƒrice er. ern “.  : ‡ˆ. ˆ . hrcterie b rhioe scles pbescent with brown hirs t lest t the point o ttchent line with ‡ or ore seents pinne perpeniclr or nerl so to the rchis line pectinte  rchises pberlent †ill tpicll ree eins n spornil cpsles oten with  setl. ll species he shortŒcreepin nbrnche rhioes with nonŒclthrte concoloros scles. „he seents re nte neer stl…e to the rchises n entire or nerl so neer serrte sori ron prphses present sporni lbros or setlose. Pecluma ws serete ro Polypodium b ƒrice  ˆ  . eotropicl c. ‡ species in cre. . €chis scles conspicos nrrowl eltte cilite –.... P. plumula 1. Rachis scales inconspicuous, liform, entire . ƒro†il seents not rece or slihtl rece towr the bse o the lin ––...... P. hygrometrica . ƒro†il seents rll rece towr the bse o the lin . •inr tisse eenl pberlent on both srces .... P. pectinata . •inr tisse lbros †ill sprsel pberlent b†ill hirs ore eient ner the sori ––––...... –... P. pilosa

Figure 38. A B. Microgramma thurnii Prado et l. 1299
ƒ . A. bit. B. ertile Pecluma hygrometrica 
plit. •.. ƒrice er. ern “.  : ron. C D. Niphidium crassifolium Prado et l. 1263
ƒ . C. bit. D. ertile ‰. ˆ . Polypodium hygrometricum Splitg., Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. ron. E F. Pecluma hygrometrica Daly et l. 10988  . E. bit. F.
terile ron. G H. Pecluma pectinata Prance et l. 2784  . G. bit. H. ertile ron. : ‡ˆ. ‡. ires:  Š  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in open forest on terra rme with palms, •teril e†ine: reiro o
l P. Delprete et l. 8092   nltin terrin. J. Prado et l. 1299 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1328 (SP, UFACPZ), •teril e†ine: reiro o
l D.C. Daly et l. 7488  
nt €os D.C. Daly et l. 10176   D.C. Daly et l. 10988  . J. Prado et l. 1357 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1373 (SP, UFACPZ), ‚orl istribtion:
•e†ico •esoeric n 
oth eric J. Prado et l. 1383 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. to ‘olii. 1218 (SP, UFACPZ); Porto Valter, D.C. Daly et l. 11789   P.J.M. hrcterie b nrrowl eltte line tht re trncte bsll or Maas et l. 13133A   €ories les J. Prado et l. 1250 (UFACPZ); with  ew pro†il seents slihtl rece reish brown rchises with ‚ithot loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-035  . ‚orl istribtion: 
oth eric to ‘olii. brown hairs and scattered liform scales, laminar tissue evenly puberulent on both srces n spornil cpsles intel setlose. Recognized in the eld by the shiny leaves glabrous on both surfaces. Pecluma pectinata •. •.. ƒrice er. ern “.  : ‰. ˆ . Niphidium “.
. ist. il. ˆˆ. ‰. Polypodium pectinatum •.
p. ƒl. : ‡ ‰• ‡ . ‰. hrcterie b the siple entire coriceos line with one row o lre sori between the in lterl eins. nother chrcter incles ires:    nely reticulate venation between the main lateral veins (this often hard bit/bitt: erb epiphte in re orest. to see becse o the thic… line . Material examined: Bujari, M. de Pardo et l. 95   reiro o eotropicl ‡ species in cre.
l G.T. Prance et l. 2784  . ‚orl istribtion: ntilles •esoeric n tropicl
oth eric. Niphidium crassifolium •. •elliner er. ern “.  : ‡ . ˆ . hrcterie b line brptl rece towr the bse estiil Polypodium crassifolium •.
p. ƒl. : ‡ . ‰. pro†il seents rchises reish brown with reish brown hirs ires:    scales absent or rare and liform, laminar tissue evenly puberulent on both srces n spornil cpsles with one setl. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •teril e†ine: ‘rsil”i D.C. Daly et l. 11889   •rechl Pecluma pilosa .•. Šns •. Žessler • .€.
. nolle „htro D.C. Daly et l. 10246   €ories les J. Prado et l. ‡ : . ‡‡‰. Polypodium ptilodon Žne r. pilosum .•. Šns 1263 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1283 (SP, UFACPZ). nn. •issori ‘ot. r. ‰‰ : ‰ˆ g. 20. ˆ — ˆ ˆ˜. http://†.oi.or/ ‡. ‰ˆ‡/  Œ‡ Œ‘Œ ‡ Œ‡ ˆ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop.  : e ‡ ‡ ˆ ‡ 

ƒro “. et l.

ires: ˆ ‘ ‚orl istribtion: lori •e†ico ntilles •esoeric n Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. tropicl
oth eric. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8945 (NY, UFACPZ), hrcterie b line rll rece towr the bse n G.T. Prance et l. 12282  . pro†il seents riclte rchises blc…ish with hirs n conspicos ‚orl istribtion: 
oth eric to ‘olii. scles the scles re nrrowl eltte n cilite t rins linr tisse sprsel pberlent on both srces n spornil cpsles setlose. hrcterie b line rll rece towr the bse the pro†il seents riclte rchises brown with hirs o two tpes: Phlebodium €. ‘r. “.
. “. ‘ot. oo…er : ‰ . . Polypodium sect. ciclr hirs n ™Ctenitis hirsš inte n brnche  linr tisse Phlebodium €. ‘r. ƒl. “. €r. .  . sprsel pberlent b†ill the hirs re ore eient ner the sori hrcterie b ensel ornishŒscl rhioes line pinntisect †ill lbros ™Ctenitis hirsš present on both srces o the eins with wie sinses n  conor terinl seent reolte eins whitish n spornil cpsles setlose. hthoes n sori tpicll spplie b two iens. „he line re oten Pecluma plumula b. • ‘onpl. e† ‚ill. •.. ƒrice er. ern lcos beneth n soeties he  blish cst. eotropicl species in cre. “.  : ‰. ˆ . Polypodium plumula b. • ‘onpl. e† ‚ill.
p. ƒl. e. —‚illenow˜ ‰:  . ‡. Phlebodium decumanum ‚ill. “.
. “. ‘ot. oo…er : ‰ˆ. . Polypodium decumanum ‚ill.
p. ƒl. e. —‚illenow˜ ‰: ‡. ‡. ires: ˆ  bit/bitt: erb epiphte in riersie eettion. ires:  ˆŠ  Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11546   Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •rechl „htro D.C. Daly et l. 10530   ›i† E. Forero et l. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11209   6347   €io ‘rnco D.C. Daly et l. 6923   C.S. Pessôa et l. ƒorto ‹lter P.J.M. Maas et l. P13299   €io ‘rnco C.A. Cid & A. 227  
nt €os D.C. Daly et l. 11057  
en •reir Souza 2986   D.C. Daly et l. 6871 (NY, UFACPZ); Santa Rosa, D.C. D.C. Daly et l. 7907   „rc G.T. Prance et l. 7248   G.T. Daly et l. 10119   D.C. Daly et l. 11272  
en •reir Prance et l. 7385 •  . D.C. Daly et l. 8096 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, P. Delprete et l. 8257   œpri D.C. Daly et l. 8414  . ‚orl istribtion:
lori ntilles •esoeric n tropicl n sbtropicl
oth eric. istinct ro its coneners b  rows o sori between the cost n rins o the lin. Pleopeltis b. • ‘onpl. e† ‚ill.
p. ƒl. ‰: . ‡. hrcterie b rhioe scles clthrte t lest eill the cell line soeties obscre  peltte with or withot rhiois sterile n ertile lees onoorphic or iorphic petioles terete rticlte to short phllopoi line siple to Œpinnte bsll rrel ore iie scl the scles circlr to ote or lnceolte pelttel ttche these clthrte t lest centrll eins reolte not eient sori borne t the juncture of several veinlets, round or rarely elongate or linear, in one row between the rchis or cost n rin on sori tpicll protecte b oerlppin circlr peltte scles. ƒreoinntl eotropicl lso sothern ric ˆ‡ species in cre. . •ine entire –––––––...... – P. stolzei . •ine iie . •ine pseoichotoosl iie ...... ––... P. desvauxii . •ine pinntisect . ƒro†il seents rece to ricles –...... P. bombycina . ƒro†il seents not rece .... P. polypodioides r. burchellii

Pleopeltis bombycina •†on .€.
. nolle ‡ : . ‡‡‰. Polypodium bombycinum Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17(7): 592. 1916. ires: ˆ  Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •teril e†ine: reiro o
l D.C. Daly et l. 11656   J. Prado et l. 1392 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 11894    . Pecluma pilosa Prance et l. 12282  . . bit. . ertile Figure 39. A B A B G.T. Prance et l. 11927   G.T. Prance et l. 12529 ron. C D. Pecluma plumula Pessôa et l. 227  . C. bit. D. ertile ron. (NY); Mâncio E F. Phlebodium decumanum Maas et l. P13299  . E. ƒrt o  ron. •i G.T. Prance et l. 12040 •   €io ‘rnco D.C. Daly et l. F. ertile ron. G H. Pleopeltis bombycina Prado et l. 1234
ƒ . G. bit. 6868   E. Forero et l. 6346   €ories les J. Prado et l. H. ertile ron. 1234 (SP, UFACPZ). http://www.scielo.br/bn http://†.oi.or/ ‡. ‰ˆ‡/  Œ‡ Œ‘Œ ‡ Œ‡ ˆ Biota Neotrop.  : e ‡ ‡ ˆ ‡  ˆ

erns n lcophtes o cre

‚orl istribtion: •esoeric n 
oth eric to ‘olii. •teril e†ine: ssis ‘rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9813 (NY, UFACPZ); istinishe b pinntisect line rll rece towr the Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 9081   D.C. Daly et l. 11219   bse with the lowerost seents riclte n both srces scl the D.C. Daly et l. 11562   €io ‘rnco C.A. Cid 2893 •   D.C. scales orbicular and ciliate at base and with a very long liform apex with Daly et l. 9516 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et l. 9526 (NY, UFACPZ), enticlte rins reish orne or reish brown. B. Nelson 737 •  
en •reir D.C. Daly et l. 7908  UFACPZ). Pleopeltis desvauxii Žlotsch
lino er. ern “. ˆˆ : ‡. ‡‡ˆ. ‚orl istribtion: •esoeric ntilles n tropicl
oth eric. Taenitis desvauxii Žlotsch •inne ‡:  . . hrcterie b lonŒcreepin rhioes bicoloros rhioe scles ires: Š ‡ Š pinntisect eltte or oblon lees pro†il seents not rece n line b†ill ensel scl the scles ote ornish to brown Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. clthrte in the center with bse cilite rins whitish n with  er Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et l. 9466   reiro o long liform apex, adaxially sparsely scaly, the scales round at base, light
l J. Prado et l. 1213 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. 1393 (SP, UFACPZ); brown, base ciliate, and long liform apex. The leaves of this species curl Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12247   G.T. Prance et l. 12607 when dry, exposing the abaxial surface outward. Upon rehydration they   €ories les J. Prado et l. 1239 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et l. e†pn rpil n rese photosnthesis with hrl eects ro the 1251 (UFACPZ); Without locality, J. Jangoux et l. 85-113  . rin. ‚orl istribtion: •esser ntilles n tropicl
oth eric. „he onl species o Pleopeltis in cre with line sbichotoosl Pleopeltis stolzei .€.
. nolle ‡ : . ‡‡‰. iie. „he linr seents re nrrow ‰•  wie . ires: ‡  Pleopeltis polypodioides •. Š.. nrews • ‚inh r. burchellii Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. ‘…er .€.
. nolle ‡ : . ‡‡‰. Polypodium incanum r. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, T.E. Almeida & A. Salino 2629 burchelli ‘…er l. ‘rs.  : ‰ . ‡. ‘‘ . ires: ‡• ‚orl istribtion: ƒer ‘olii n ‘ril. hrcterie b both srces o the line sprsel scl the Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. scales of two types. The rst is round with laciniate margins; the second is oteŒlnceolte with enticlte rins. ‘oth scles re ornish or liht brown n clthrte in the center. opre to other species o Pleopeltis this one hs restricte eorphic istribtion bein …nown onl ro ‘olii n ‘ril. •ts occrrence in ‘ril ws recentl reporte b lei •
lino  ‡ ‰ . Serpocaulon .€.
 „†on ‰‰ : ˆ •ˆ  g. 3–4. ‡‡ . hrcterie b rhioes lonŒcreepin with phllopoi ‡.‰• ‰• ‡ • the rhioe with prt soeties lcos scles peltte clthrte petioles rooe †ill or terete in S. . latipes (Langsd. & Fisch.) A.R. Sm.); laminae pinnatid to pinnate, rarely simple S. levigatum (Cav.) A.R. Sm.) or shallowly pinnatid, monomorphic; eins relrl nstoosin the reoles with  sinle ree incle ein oniophlebioi eins  sori ron or nerl so in • ‡ rows between coste n rins terinl on  ree incle ein prphses bsent or present n short Œ or Œcelle lnlr not esil seen sporni lbros. •ost species re epiphtes. Serpocaulon ws serete ro Polypodium s.l. b
ith et l.  ‡‡ n hs been opte in ll recent ppers. eotropicl c. ‡ species  in cre. . •ees pinnteŒpinntisect ...... S. . latipes . •ees Œpinnte . ƒinne elliptic rhioe scles sprein ––––... S. caceresii . ƒinne oblon rhioe scles ppresse –––...– S. triseriale

Serpocaulon caceresii 
oiro .€.
. „†on ‰‰ : ˆ  g. 3A. ‡‡ . Polypodium caceresii
oiro rpt. ‹sc. ›it.  ‡. ˆ. ires:  ‘ Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •teril e†ine: reiro o
l J. Prado et l. 1210 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et l. 12141   €ories les J. Prado et l. Figure 40. A–C. Pleopeltis polypodioides r. burchellii Daly et l. 11562  . A. bit. B. ertile ron. C. ertile ron. D E. Pleopeltis desvauxii. D. bit 1253 (SP, UFACPZ); Santa Rosa, D.C. Daly et l. 10169   ‚ithot Prado et l. 1393
ƒ . E. ertile ron Prance et l. 12607  . F G. Pleopeltis loclit J. Jangoux et l. 85-037  . stolzei Almeida & Salino 2629 ‘‘ . F. bit. G. ertile ron. ‚orl istribtion: 
oth eric to ‘olii. http://†.oi.or/ ‡. ‰ˆ‡/  Œ‡ Œ‘Œ ‡ Œ‡ ˆ http://www.scielo.br/bn ‡ Biota Neotrop.  : e ‡ ‡ ˆ ‡ 

ƒro “. et l.

hrcterie b lees Œpinnte pinne elliptic sessile or slihtl hrcterie b Œpinnte lees lnceolteŒoblon pinne with t nte n rhioe scles sprein istinctl clthrte throhot lest the istl ones nte to the rchis  n rhioe scles ppresse iriescent n r… brown. slihtl iriescent n brown. „he sori re oten rise ebosse on Serpocaulon . latipes •ns. • isch. .€.
. „†on ‰‰ : the †il srce o the line. ˆ . ‡‡ . Polypodium latipes •ns. • isch. ƒl. ‹o. €sses •one PSILOTACEAE : ‡ pl. ‡. ‡. bit/bitt: erb epiphte in open orest. hrcterie b lc… o roots Œ or Œloclr snni born on the Material examined: Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1244  . adaxial surface of bid sporophylls. ‚orl istribtion:
•e†ico ntilles •esoeric n 
oth ƒntropicl with e†tensions into the teperte ones ener. eric n be in ‘olii. •n cre ens species. hrcterie b lonŒcreepin nonŒlcos rhioes with ppresse Psilotum
w. “. ‘ot. 
chrer ‡‡ :  ‡ˆ. ‡ . sprse bicoloros r…Œclthrte centrll with nrrow ple rins scles pinntisect lees pinne bses nte n e†pne ežll on hrcterie b roots bsent reen isoichotoos stes sll both sies srcrrent n ecrrent  rchises lbros on both srces sterile lees in Psilotum •  lon  these scleŒli…e withot eins n rows o reoles between coste n pinn rins. sporangia 2- or 3-locular, sessile in the fork of bid leaves. The distance between sccessie ichotoies ecreses istll lon the shoots. Serpocaulon triseriale 
w. .€.
. „†on ‰‰ : ˆ ˆ . gs. 3F, 4L–O „he snni re born lon the istl brnches onl. ‚hen tre the ‡‡ . Polypodium triseriale
w. “. ‘ot. 
chrer : . ‡‡— ‡ ˜. sporni re ellow n contrst shrpl in color with the reen stes. ires:   ƒntropicl species in cre. bit/bitt: erb epiphte in open orest. Psilotum nudum •. ƒ. ‘e. ƒror. ”theo. ‡  . ‡‰. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8944 (NY, UFACPZ). Lycopodium nudum •.
p. ƒl. : ‡‡• ‡ . ‰. ‚orl istribtion:
•e†ico ntilles •esoeric n 
oth eric to ‘olii. ires: Š  bit/bitt: erb pennt epiphte in open orest rowin on the ol persistnt le bses o pls where hs hs collecte. •teril e†ine: ‘rsil”i D.C. Daly et l. 9693   €io ‘rnco D.C. Daly et l. 6669 (NY, UFACPZ); Sena Madureira, B. Nelson 614   G.T. Prance et l. 7956   œpri D.C. Daly et l. 8430 (NY, UFACPZ), C. Figueiredo 211 (NY, UFACPZ); Without locality, J.M. Pires et l. 10058  . ‚orl istribtion: sbcosopolitn. PTERIDACEAE

„his il neer hs tre insi. ‚hen present the insi re formed by the reexed margins of the laminae (false indusia). In some ebers o the il the sporni spre lon the eins. „he petiole bnles re ierse rin ro sinle n circlr in cross section to  or oeŒshpe. osopolitn ‰ ener c.  species. •n cre ener  species lrest il in the stte . .
terile n ertile line sll siple in one species rcte t lin tip ittrioi erns . •ine rcte lees • c lon eins ree –... Hecistopteris . •ine entire lees ‰ ‡• ‡‡ c lon eins reolte t lest with  rinl coissrl ein . •ine with row o reoles between iribs n linr rins prphses present –...... Vittaria . •ine with or ore rows o reoles between irib n linr rin prphses present or bsent .
ori in lines on both sies o irib spores onolete –...... ––. Ananthacorus .
ori in   or lines spores onolete or trilete –––– Figure 41. A B. Serpocaulon caceresii Prado et l. 1253
ƒ . A. bit. B.
terile ––...... – Polytaenium ron. C D. Serpocaulon triseriale Daly et l. 8944  . C. ƒinn. D. ertile ron. E F. Psilotum nudum Nelson 614  . E. bit. F.
nni. . •ine t lest the ertile ones pete pinnte or ore iie http://www.scielo.br/bn http://†.oi.or/ ‡. ‰ˆ‡/  Œ‡ Œ‘Œ ‡ Œ‡ ˆ Biota Neotrop.  : e ‡ ‡ ˆ ‡ 

erns n lcophtes o cre

‰. •nsi with eins berin sporni irectl on the nersie o its eins sori ore on the recre linr rins lse insi  on reexed tissue ...…...... …. Adiantum the eins prphses bsent. ‰. •nsi bsent or i present lc…in eins n not berin sporni Adiantum is sister to the ittrioi erns 
chettpel et l. ‡‡ these locte on the linr srces ƒrer et l. ‡ . „hese two linees occp ierent hbitts. Adiantum is enerll terrestril wheres the ittriois re epiphtic. . •nsi present sporni rinl –––––..––...... Pteris
bcosopolitn c. ‰ species c. ‡ o the eotropicl  . •nsi bsent soeties pinn rins recre  sporni in cre. borne lon the eins between the seent irib n rin . •ine Œpinnte rrel Œpinnte t bses . •ine siple to Œpinnte with ciclr hirs on both srces . €chises lbros withot rin b†ill ––.–.––...... – Hemionitis . •ees p to ‡ c lon rhioes stot ‰• ‡  i.  7. Laminae 1-pinnate or 1-pinnate-pinnatid or more divided, shortŒcreepin –...... –....– A. platyphyllum lc…in ciclr hirs on both srces with whitish or ellowish rin b†ill ...... Pityrogramma . •ees p to ‰ c lon rhioes slener  •  i.  lonŒcreepin ––...... A. nudum Adiantum •.
p. ƒl. : ‡ˆ . ‰. . €chises scl n/or hir hrcterie b terete blc…ish to cstneos petioles rchises n coste n sporni borne on the lse insi i.e. not on the . €chises with scles n hirs linr srce below it . lso chrcterie b rhioes shortŒ to ‰. ƒinne or pinnles lbros on both srces iioblsts esil lonŒcreepin horiontl rhioes or these soeties copct n isible on †il linr srces ostl prllel between sberect scles borne t rhioe pices n petiole bses line onoorphic pinnte rrel niie to ‰Œpinnte soeties eins not isible b†ill insi linerŒrcte ...–...... pete eins ree or rrel nstoosin withot incle ree einlets ...... – A. petiolatum liner epierl iioblsts lse eins present or not between the tre ‰. ƒinne or pinnles scl on both srces iioblsts isible on both linr srces insi oblon –...... A. obliquum . €chises with onl scles . •ine hir on both srces ––––...... A. scalare . •ine scl on both srces . ‹eins ree rhioes lonŒcreepin nonŒnoose ––...... –...... –. A. poeppigianum . ‹eins nstoosin or irrelrl nstoosin rhioes shortŒcreepin noose . ƒinne or pinnles •ˆ • loner thn wie •‰• p
irs b
ses  e
lsie rone to slihtl cne
te on both sies eins
n
sto osin ...... A. dolosum . inn
e or pinnles   loner th
n wie  p
irs b
ses ne
lsie rone on
croscopic sies
n cne
te on b
siscopic sies eins ostl ree bt with so e irrel
r
n
sto oses ...... A. lucidum . 
in
e pinn
te or ore i ie . 
in
e  to pinn
te .... A. pectinatum . 
in
e pinn
te . 
chises pberlent

i
ll .. A. tomentosum . 
chises sc
l
n/or h
ir bt lonpbescent

i
ll . 
chises sc
l
n h
ir ...... A. latifolium . 
chises sc
l onl Figure 42. A B. Adiantum argutum Daly et
l. 7990 •‚. A. ƒ
bit. B. „ertile pinnle. C D. Adiantum cajennense Prado et
l. 1293 …. C. „ertile pinn
. D. „ertile pinnle. . 
chises with one in o sc
le l
nceol
te to n
rrowl E F. Adiantum decoratum Daly et
l. 11365 •‚. E. „ertile pinn
. F. „ertile l
nceol
te with pectin
te b
se
b
i
ll pinnle. G H. Adiantum diogoanum Daly et
l. 9385 •‚. G. „ertile pinn
. H. „ertile pinnle. . inn
e € p
irs pinnles h
ir
b
i
ll http://†.oi.or/ ‡. ‰ˆ‡/  Œ‡ Œ‘Œ ‡ Œ‡ ˆ http://www.scielo.br/bn € Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l.

€. ‰ist
l pinnles
pproi
tel h
l the siŠe o l
rest pinnles ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1233 (UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1245 insi
l
bros ...... A. humile (UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •i
n
s —eneŠel
 ˆr
Šil to ˆoli i
. €. ‰ist
l pinnles less th
n h
l the siŠe o l
rest pinnles insi
•h
r
cteriŠe b copiosl sc
l r
chises pinnles with sterile
rins h
ir ...... A. terminatum conspicosl enticl
teserr
te c
.   loner th
n wie € p
irs per . inn
e  p
irs pinnles sc
l
b
i
ll pinn
 pinnles
b
i
ll be
rin sc
les on the eins
n insi
be
rin sc
les with pectin
te b
ses. . innles   loner th
n wie ...... A. multisorum Adiantum decoratum •
on “ ’e
th. Œ er. †. ˆot. : ‡. . . innles   loner th
n wie „ires: €˜ „ ‡. innles € p
irs per pinn
 sterile
rins copiosl enticl
teserr
te insi
sc
l ...... ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l orest in bro
 e
nerin stre

lle s in steepl hill terr
in...... A. cajennense •
teri
l e
ine: …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 10164 •‚ D.C. ‡. innles ‡ p
irs per pinn
 sterile
rins Daly et
l. 11365 •‚. irrel
rl serr
te insi
h
ir ...... A. diogoanum ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico •eso
eric
 • …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b other pinn
te species o Adiantum in Œcre b the . 
chises with two ins o sc
les either h
irli e
n l
nceol
te or presence of spreading, dense, liform-subulate scales on the petioles and
r
chnoi
n l
nceol
te
b
i
ll r
chises. ™hese sc
les
re persistent
n i p
r
sh

ppe
r
nce to the . hiŠo es er loncreepin corli e c
. . i
. petioles •ic el “ … ith €.  . innles
b
i
ll h
ir ...... A. windischii Adiantum diogoanum •l
Š. e ˆ
er †. ˆot. : .  .  . innles
b
i
ll sc
l ...... A. argutum „ires: €• ƒ . hiŠo es oer
tel loncreepin stot .. i
. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. 9385 •‚. . 
chises on both sr
ces ostl with
r
chnoi sc
les
n ’orl ‰istribtion: …oth Œ eric
. so e l
nceol
te sc
les insi
line
r ln
te s
ll one per •h
r
cteriŠe b short to oer
tel loncreepin noose rhiŠo es pinnle ...... A. pulverulentum r
chises sc
l  the sc
les with pectin
te b
se
n enticl
te
rins l
in
e pinn
te with ‡ p
irs o l
ter
l pinn
e pinnles c
.   loner th
n 19. Rachises adaxially mostly with liform scales (hairlike) and wie ‡  p
irs per pinn

b
i
ll sc
l on eins the sc
les with
b
i
ll with l
nceol
te sc
les insi
oblon se er
l per pectin
te b
ses insi
pbescent with reish brown h
irs. pinnle Adiantum dolosum ”nŠe inn
e
: .  € . . ‹nsi
l
bros ...... A. decoratum „ires: €Œ ˆ . ‹nsi
h
ir ...... A. tetraphyllum Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. Adiantum argutum Splitg., Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 7: 427, gs. 1, 2.  €. •
teri
l e
ine: ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1249 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: …oth Œ eric
. „ires: €Œ ˆ ese blin Adiantum lucidum bt ierin b the s
ll pinn
te Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream l
in
e pinn
e l
nceol
te entire ‡  loner th
n wie €‡ p
irs
rins. with b
ses
pproi
tel e
lsie pinn
e st
l e c
.  
b
i
ll •
teri
l e
ine: ˆŽc
o Œcre G.T. Prance et
l. 2533 •• •‚ be
rin sc
les with pectin
te b
ses

i
ll with sc
ttere sc
les si il
r •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1344 (SP, UFACPZ); Porto Acre, D.C. to
b
i
l ones eins
n
sto osin sori two one on e
ch sie o
pinn
 Daly et
l. 7990 (UFACPZ); Rio Branco, D.C. Daly et
l. 6675 •‚ continos line
r insi
with reish brown h
irs. S.R. Lowrie et
l. 650 (GH, NY, R, RB, US); Sena Madureira, T.B. Croat Adiantum humile ”nŠe inn
e
: .  €. & A. Rosas Jr. 62716 (UFACPZ), M. Silveira et
l. 668 •‚ ‘
prri D.C. Daly et
l. 7261 (NY, UFACPZ), K.A. Kainer et
l. 126 •‚ L.C. „ires: Œ €• ‰ Ming et
l. 356 (UFACPZ), M. Pinard 809 •‚. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. ’orl ‰istribtion: •i
n
s ˆr
Šil to ˆoli i
. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1302 (SP, UFACPZ), •h
r
cteriŠe b er loncreepin rhiŠo es pinn
te l
in
e
n
cte J. Prado et
l. 1339 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et
l. 1246 or
c in
te pinnles. •ost si il
r is Adiantum latifolium bt A. argutum (SP, UFACPZ). iers b pinnles
b
i
ll with setior sc
les on eins
rins o sterile ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. pinnles conspicosl biserr
te
n ter in
l pinnle l
rer th
n the others. •h
r
cteriŠe b sp
rsel h
ir r
chises
n € p
irs o l
ter
l pinn
e. „or ore et
ils
bot this species see r
o “ elliner . šther ch
r
cters
re pinnles

i
ll l
bros
b
i
ll l
cos
n Adiantum cajennense ’ill. e ”lotŠsch inn
e
 : .  €€• €–. with long, septate, brown hairs; margins of sterile pinnules are nely serr
te insi
l
bros. „ires: €• ‰ Adiantum latifolium 
. ˜nc cl. : €.  . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme on gently nl
tin terr
in c
nop open. „ires: €˜ „ •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 11658 •‚ D.C. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soils. Daly et
l. 11704 •‚ J. Prado et
l. 1201 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l T.B. Croat & A. Rosas Jr. 62393A 1293 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1140 (SP, UFACPZ); (MO, UC, UFACPZ); J. Prado et
l. 1294 (SP, UFACPZ); J. Prado et
l. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  €

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre

1374 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 9149 •‚ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ™
r

c› G.T. Prance et
l. 7495 (GH, K, NY, R, UC, US). •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1358 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n …oth Œ eric
. ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. •h
r
cteriŠe b loncreepin corli e rhiŠo es l
ter
l pinn
p
irs …i il
r to Adiantum tetraphyllum. •h
r
cteriŠe b the rhiŠo es stot € pinnles ‡ p
irs per pinn

pices rone to
cte pinnles shortcreepin noose r
chises copiosl sc
l  sc
les with pectin
te b
ses l
bros on both sr
ces
b
i
ll l
cos
rins o sterile pinnles ciliate margins, and liform apices; laminae 2-pinnate, with 4 or 5 pairs nely serrulate. For comparative discussion of related species, see r
o o l
ter
l pinn
e pinnles c
.   loner th
n wie € p
irs “ elliner . per pinn
 rece tow
r pinn
b
ses
n
pices on both sr
ces with sc
les on eins
rins o sterile pinnles serr
te sori contios insi
Adiantum lucidum •
. …w. … n. „il. .  ‡. Pteris lucida •
. oblong, bearing liform scales. ‰escr. l. ‡‡.  . Adiantum nudum Œ.. … . Œnn. •issori ˆot. •
r. : ‡ „ires: €• ƒ g. 6A, B. . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream
rins. „ires: €€Œ ˆ •
teri
l e
ine: io ˆr
nco C.S. Pessôa et
l. 189 •‚. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
.
rins on cl
soils. •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
e or pinnles l
nceol
te entire €  loner •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l W.C. Steward et
l. P12679 •‚ th
n wie  p
irs st
l e c
.  
b
i
ll with sc
ttere sc
les Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et
l. 8854 •‚.

i
ll with er ew si il
r sc
les eins irrel
rl
n
sto osin ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. ostl ree sori  one on e
ch sie o
pinn
 continos s
ll not •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
te l
in
e
n l
bros petioles r
chises re
chin pinn

pices insi
with reish brown h
irs.
n l
in
e. ™he l
c in o in ent on the
es istinishes this species ro Adiantum petiolatum, which h
s sp
rse sc
les
n h
irs Adiantum multisorum …
p. el
t. •o iss. inh
s. ˜str
te. •
tto on the petioles
n r
chises. Œpp
rentl  A. nudum rows onl on cl
•rosso Œ
Šon
s ˆot. pt. :  t
b.  g. 1. ‡. soils ne
r stre
s
rins where
s A. petiolatum rows on this
n „ires: €€• ‰
n other sbstr
tes.

Figure 43. A B. Adiantum dolosum. A. ƒ
bit Prado et.
l. 1249 …. B. „ertile pinn
Figure 44. A B. Adiantum nudum Daly et
l. 8854 •‚. A. ƒ
bit. B. „ertile (from Brazil, Espírito Santo, Sooretama, Salino & Morais 4510 …. C D. Adiantum pinn
. C D. Adiantum multisorum Prado et
l. 1358 …. C. „ertile pinn
. humile Prado et
l. 1302 …. C. ƒ
bit. D. „ertile pinnle. E F. Adiantum latifolum D. „ertile pinnle. E F. Adiantum obliquum Prado et
l. 1360 …. E. ƒ
bit. Prado et
l. 1294 •‚. E. ƒ
bit. F. „ertile pinnle. G H. Adiantum lucidum F. „ertile pinnle. G H. Adiantum pectinatum Daly et
l. 11474 •‚. G. „ertile Pessôa et
l. 189 •‚. G. „ertile pinn
e. H. „ertile pinn
. pinn
. H. „ertile pinnle. http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn €€ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l.

Adiantum obliquum ’ill. …p. l. : €.  . „ires: €˜• „ires: €€˜ „ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in orest on steep slopes. •
teri
l e
ine: Œssis ˆr
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9810 (NY, UFACPZ); Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream D.C. Daly et
l. 11473 •‚ •
rech
l ™h

tro
rins. Manoel Urbano, •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Jangoux et
l. 85-008 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 10950 •‚ …en
•
reir
 D.C. Daly et
l. 7972 •‚ …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 10034 •‚. J. Prado et
l. 1345 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et
l. 1259 ’orl ‰istribtion: …oth Œ eric
. (UFACPZ); J. Prado et
l. 1360 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l •h
r
cteriŠe b the s
ll pinn
te l
in
e
n entire …oth Œ eric
. l
nceol
tecne
te to o
tel
nceol
te pinn
e €  loner th
n wie •h
r
cteriŠe b rhiŠo es shortcreepin noose
rins o sterile  p
irs per ron. hiŠo es loncreepin nonnoose pinn
b
ses pinn
e biserr
te l
in
e
b
i
ll with conspicos iiobl
sts between
s etric sbcor
te rone on
croscopic sies
n cr ecne
te eins insi
oblon l
bros or with h
irs. on b
siscopic sies st
l s c
.  lon color o st
l s p
ssin into pinnle b
ses pinn
e or pinnles
b
i
ll with sc
ttere sc
les on Adiantum pectinatum ”nŠe e ˆ
er … n. „il. .  ‡. eins eins ree sori  per pinn
 one on e
ch sie s
ll continos „ires: ˆ €€• ƒ so eti es interrpte or in  or  sori line
r s
ll not re
chin pinn

pices insi
l
bros. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial on terra rme forest. Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11474 •‚. Adiantum pulverulentum . …p. l. : ‡. . ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. ‰istinishe ro
ll other species o Adiantum in Œcre b le
es „ires: €ƒ ‹  lon
n € or pinn
te. Œlso ch
r
cteriŠe b stot shortcreepin ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in pri
r orest in lowl in
re
rhiŠo es r
chises with ellowbrown sc
les
n c
.  lon h
irs ˆ
iio sh
llowl issecte b
n s
ll stre
s. proi
l pinn
e the l
rest pinnles st
l e to  lon incise on •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 7365 (NY, UFACPZ),
croscopic
rins
b
i
ll with ew h
irs on proi
l eins

i
ll J. Prado et
l. 1347 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 12065 ” •‚ l
bros insi
orbicl
r l
bros. G.T. Prance et
l. 12065a •‚ W.C. Steward et
l. P12894 ” •‚ Adiantum petiolatum ‰es . •es. •
tr. „rene ˆerlin •
. •eesten ˜ntec . •es
ten •
tr . : ‡.  . „ires: €Œ ˆ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l ri ersie eet
tion. •
teri
l e
ine: ˆ
sin o io †r› io †r› •iri
n ‹
r
pœ eriito rihtb
n tribt
r 
cross ro …
nto ŒntŽnio D.C. Daly et
l. 11708 (NY); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1139 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11528 •‚ ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1275 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. ese bles Adiantum nudum b its pinn
te l
in
e bt iers b the rachises with liform scales and hairs. The laminae are rarely 2-pinnate
t b
se
n with  or  p
irs o l
ter
l pinn
e pinn
e shortst
l e or sessile st
l s c
. € lon i eins close to ile
b
i
ll l
bros
n l
in
e oten l
cos
rins o sterile l
in
e serrl
te insi
line
r
rc
te l
bros. Adiantum platyphyllum …w. ”onl. … ens
—etens . Œc
. ƒ
nl. n.s.  : € t
b.  g. 6.  . „ires: €• ‰ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb …teep lo
ri er b
n . •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l W.C. Steward et
l. P13241 •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: ˜c
or to ˆoli i

n ˆr
Šil. •h
r
cteriŠe b l
bros r
chises pinn
te r
rel pinn
te
t b
se l
in
e pinn
e not i ii
te o
tel
nceol
te
pices lon
cte to lon
c in
te pinn
e st
l e the st
l s .. c  color o st
l s p
ssin into pinn
b
ses
b
i
ll eciel l
cos
n l
bros sterile
rins serrl
te eins enin in teeth
t pinn

rins sori borne on
croscopic
n b
siscopic
rins so eti es
t proi
l Figure 45. A B. Adiantum petiolatum Daly et
l. 11708 •‚. A. ƒ
bit. B. „ertile
rins insi
oblon short line
r
rc
te l
bros. pinn
. C D. Adiantum platyphyllum Steward et
l. P13241 •‚. C. …terile pinn
e. D. —en
tion. E–G. Adiantum poeppigianum Daly et
l. 11473 •‚. E. 
rt o
Adiantum poeppigianum ”hn ƒieron. ƒewii
€ : . . ertile ron. F. hiŠo e. G. „ertile pinn
H I. Adiantum pulverulentum Daly et
l. Adiantum lucidum
r. poeppigianum ”hn ˆot. †
hrb. … st. : €.  . 7365 •‚. H. „ertile pinn
. I. „ertile pinnle. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  €

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre

Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 9173 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11392 •‚ •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 7331 •‚ io ŒŠl J. Jangoux et
l. 85-064 •‚ io ˆr
nco S.R. Lowrie et
l. 649 •
rech
l ™h

tro D.C. Daly et
l. 10304 •‚ ™
r

c› G.T. (GH, NY, R, US); Tarauacá, C. Figueiredo et
l. 883 •‚ …
nt
os
 Prance et
l. 7335 ” •‚. D.C. Daly et
l. 10050 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11004 •‚ io †r› ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. •h
r
cteriŠe b two sori one on e
ch sie o
pinn
 continos P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12894 •ƒ ” between Mundurucus & Tatajuba, line
r s
ll not re
chin the pinn

pe
n b
se insi
ensel NY, R, US). pilose h
irs reish brown. Œlso this species h
s shortcreepin ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l noose rhiŠo es r
chis sc
les l
nceol
te with copiosl cili
te …oth Œ eric
.
rins l
in
e pinn
te pinn
e n
rrowl lontri
nl
r entire ‡ •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
te l
in
e with
conor ter in
l pinn
  loner th
n wie  p
irs per ron st
l e c
.  
pices
n
sinle line
r ln
te insi
lon the
croscopic sie o the lon
tten
te pbescent on both sr
ces h
irs  lon eins pinnles. šther istincti e ch
r
cters o the species
re rhiŠo es irrel
rl
n
sto osin ostl ree. oer
tel loncreepin l
ter
l pinn
p
irs   r
chises with Adiantum terminatum ”nŠe e •i. —ersl
en •ee. —ier ”l. two ins o sc
les: l
nceol
te with enticl
te
rins
n
r
chnoi ”on. •e. ‹nst. ’etensch. etter . …choone ”nsten  €:  .  €. pinnles   loner th
n wie  p
irs per pinn
 rece tow
r „ires: €‡• ‰ pinn

pices pinnles
b
i
ll with sc
les on eins
rins o sterile Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. pinnles serr
te. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Jangoux et
l. 85-009 •‚ Adiantum scalare .•. ™r on Œ er. „ern †. €: € t
b. . . J. Prado et
l. 1303 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1354 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 12203 ‹•Œ •š •‚ orto —
lter D.C. Daly et
l. „ires: €‡Œ ˆ 11786 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11788 •‚ ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in moist forest on terra rme, undulating 1361 (SP, UFACPZ). terr
in. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. ese bles Adiantum humile b its s
ll siŠe
n pinnles
b
i
ll with long, septate, brown hairs, adaxially glabrous, and by the nely serrl
te
rins o sterile pinnles. Œlso the rhiŠo es
re shortcreepin noose
n r
chises sp
rsel sc
l b n
rrowl l
nceol
te sc
les. ƒowe er A. terminatum iers b pinnles rece tow
r pinn
b
ses
n
pices ist
l pinnles less th
n h
l the siŠe o l
rest ones
n insi
with reish brown h
irs. Adiantum tetraphyllum ƒ b. “ ˆonpl. e ’ill. …p. l. e. € •’illenow– : €€.  . „ires: €‡˜ „ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. •
teri
l e
ine: ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 11878 •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. Πwiespre

n hihl
ri
ble species. …i il
r to Adiantum diogoanum bt iers ost conspicosl b the
cte pinnles cr e tow
r pinn

pices. šther istincti e ch
r
cters
re: hiŠo es oer
tel long-creeping; rachises with two kinds of scales: most scales liform h
irli e

i
ll  l
nceol
te with pectin
te b
ses
b
i
ll l
in
e with ‡ p
irs o l
ter
l pinn
e pinnles c
. €  loner th
n wie ‡ p
irs per pinn
 rece tow
r pinn
b
ses
n
pices
rins o sterile pinnles serr
te to biserr
te pinnles
b
i
ll with ew sc
les on eins insi
oblon with reish brown h
irs. Adiantum tomentosum ”lotŠsch inn
e
 : .  €€• €–. „ires: €‡• ƒ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12791 •‚ J. Prado et
l. 1165 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1195 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance 11390 •• •‚ P.G. Windisch 2574 ƒˆ ƒ•ˆ orto —
lter Figure 46. A B. Adiantum scalare Prance et
l. 7335 •‚. A. 
rt o
ertile D.C. Daly et
l. 7578 (NY, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et
l. ron. B. …ors. C D. Adiantum terminatum Prado et
l. 1303 …. C. ƒ
bit. 1242 (UFACPZ). D. „ertile pinnle. E F. Adiantum tetraphyllum Daly et
l. 11878 •‚. E. „ertile pinn
. F. „ertile pinnle G H. Adiantum tomentosum Prado et
l. 1195 ’orl ‰istribtion: ™ropic
l …oth Œ eric
. …. G. „ertile pinn
. H. „ertile pinnle. I J. Adiantum windischii Prado et
l. •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
e with  p
irs o i bric
te obtse pinnles 1276 …. I. „ertile pinn
. J. „ertile pinnle.
n r
chises
n cost
e l
bros
b
i
ll bt pberlent

i
ll with h
irs http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn €‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l. less th
n . lon. „rther istinishe ro other pinn
te species b l
c in iiobl
sts in the l
in
e
n l
c in sc
les on the r
chises. Adiantum windischii †. r
o ”ew ˆll. ‡:  g. 2. . „ires: €‡‹ † Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l G.T. Prance et
l. P13045 (UC); ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1276 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: ™ropic
l …oth Œ eric
. ese blin Adiantum humile A. latifolium
n A. terminatum bt ierin b loncreepin corli e rhiŠo es
n r
chises with two ins o sc
les:
r
chnoi
n l
nceol
te with pectin
te b
ses
n liform apices; lateral pinnae 1–3 pairs, with pinnules reduced toward apices, 14–16 pairs per pinna, margins of sterile pinnules nely serrate,
pices rone
b
i
ll with lon sept
te reish brown h
irs on eins

i
ll l
bros insi
l
bros. Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 487. 1908. •h
r
cteriŠe b n
rrowl ellipticline
r le
es se er
l rows o
reoles between the cost
e
n
rins
n sori p
r
llel to the l
in
r
rins. The areolate veins are often difcult to see because of the thick lamina. Vittaria is si il
r bt h
s n
rrower  wie le
es. •eotropic
l  species. Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon, Contr. U.S. •
tl. ƒerb. : € .  . Pteris angustifolia …w. ror. .  . „ire: €Œ Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. 9336 •‚ •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 7495 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 12616 •• •‚ io ˆr
nco B. Nelson 739 •• •‚ …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 10160 •‚ …en
•
reir
 M. Silveira et
l. 615 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, D.C. Daly et
l. 8737 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 7379 •• •‚. Figure 47. A. Ananthacorus angustifolius Nelson 739 •‚. A. ƒ
bit. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles
n • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. B C. Polytaenium citrifolium Daly et
l. 8269 •‚. B. ƒ
bit. C. —en
tion. D . Hecistopteris pumila Prado et
l. 1386 …. D. ƒ
bit. . …ori. F . Hemionitis •h
r
cteriŠe b thic l
in
e  or  rows o
reoles between the E E G rufa Alves et
l. 2634 •‚. F. ƒ
bit. G. „ertile pinn
. cost

n
rin these oten h
r to see bec
se o the thic l
in
e sori sb
rin
l on e
ch sie o the cost
 ne
rl continos insi

bsent with p
r
ph ses
bn
nt slener withot
swollen
pic
l cell. Hecistopteris †. … . onon †. ˆot. : .  €. shortcreepin sc
l  the sc
les concoloros or bicoloros when bicolore with

r centr
l stripe sterile
n ertile le
es ono orphic or Hecistopteris c
n be ch
r
cteriŠe b the ist
ll rc
te le
es onl € c lon
n eins ree. ™he pl
nts epiph tic on the b
se o trn s i orphic l
in
e si ple orbicl
r to  or pinn
te the h
irs
cicl
r in 
r pl
ces. or l
nl
r eins
reol
te or ree i
reol
te the
reoles withot incle •eotropic
l  species  in Œcre einlets
n insi

bsent. •eotropic
l  species  in Œcre. Hecistopteris pumila …pren. †. … . onon †. ˆot. : .  €. Gymnogramma pumila …pren. ™ent. …ppl. .   . Hemionitis rufa . …w. †. ˆot. …chr
er  : ‡.  . Pteris rufa . …p. l. : €. . „ires: €‰ ˜ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb epiph te on the b
se o trn s in orest on terr
„ires: €„ • rme. Habit/Habitat: Herb; in open forest on terra rme. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1208 (UFACPZ), •
teri
l e
ine: orto Œcre M. Alves et
l. 2634 •‚. J. Prado et
l. 1336 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1386 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico †

ic
 •eso
eric

n • …oth ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l Πeric
to ˆoli i
. …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b ree eins
n pbescent pinn
te or pinn
te •h
r
cteriŠe b le
es onl € c lon
n shortincise
pic
ll . …o e speci ens h
e n
rrow
n
l ost nor e l
in
. hiŠo es
re l
in
e. ™he color o the pinn
st
l s stop
brptl
t pinn
b
ses. erect or
scenin with le
es clstere
t the tip. „or in colonies b Pityrogramma in  ƒ
nbch : .  . e
ns o prolieros roots. •h
r
cteriŠe terrestri
l h
bit i ie le
es presence o s
ll Hemionitis . …p. l. : . . whitish or ellowish 
rin
on the
b
i
l sr
ces o the l
in
e sori •h
r
cteriŠe b terrestri
l h
bit ensel to sp
rsel h
ir le
es spre
in
lon the eins
n insi

bsent.
n sori ollowin the eins. „rther ch
r
cteriŠe b rhiŠo es erect to •eotropic
l
 enti e in 
leotropics  species  in Œcre. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  €

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre

1. Laminae 1–3-pinnate-pinnatid; pinnae or pinnules pinnatid to „ires: € ˆ • pinn
tisect ...... P. calomelanos ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb tr
ils
n ro
s throh ie orest
n p
stres. . 
in
e  or pinn
te pinn
e or pinnles entire . P. trifoliata Material examined: Jordão, F.A. Michelangeli et
l. 1351 ˆ •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: •re
ter Œntilles … •eico to ˆoli i
 •hile • Pityrogramma calomelanos . in  ƒ
nbch : .  . Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Acrostichum calomelanos . …p. l. : . . ‰istinishe b pinn
e entire to pinn
te when pinn
te s
ll „ire: € Œ with onl three pinnles. 
in
e
b
i
ll with ellow or whitish 
rin
. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near river Polytaenium ‰es . •œ . …oc. inn. 
ris ‡: €  .  .
rins on cl
soils. •h
r
cteriŠe b orsi entr
l rhiŠo es with cl
thr
te sc
les le
es •
teri
l e
ine: Œssis ˆr
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9634 (NY, UFACPZ); si ple entire en
tion
reol
te sori line
r
lon reticl
te eins
n in one ˆr
silœi
 S.R. Lowrie et
l. 696 •‚ •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. species spor
ni

lso istribte between eins p
r
ph ses present or
bsent 1173 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1304 (SP, UFACPZ); Mâncio Lima,
n spores onolete or trilete. ™ pic
ll lowtrn epiph tes in wet orests. M. Silveira et
l. 1294 •‚ •i
› E. Forero et
l. 6381 •‚ Polytaenium incles Anetium …plit.
ens ntil recentl consiere …en
•
reir
 M. Silveira et
l. 670 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, G.T. istinct …chettpelŠ et
l. ‡. Prance et
l. 7302A •‚ M. Silveira et
l. 868 •‚. •eotropics c
.  species  in Œcre. ’orl ‰istribtion: … „lori
 •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. . hiŠo es loncreepin spor
ni
on
n between eins spores Characterized by 1- or 2-pinnate-pinnatid (rarely 3-pinnate-pinnatid) onolete ...... P. citrifolium l
in
e
n
scenin pinnles. ‹n Œcre the pl
nts h
e whitish not ellow . hiŠo es shortcreepin spor
ni
on eins onl spores trilete 
rin
on the l
in
e
b
i
ll . . …por
ni
in roo es l
in
e 
r reenish or bl
c ish when r  Pityrogramma trifoliata . .•. ™r on •ontr. •r
ƒerb.  : ‡ . ‡. Acrostichum trifoliatum . …p. l. : . . s
ll obl
nceol
te ...... P. cajenense 2. Sporangia supercial; laminae yellowish-green when dry, usually oblon ...... . P. guayanense

Polytaenium cajenense ‰es . ˆeneict ˆll. ™orre ˆot. •lb  : ‡. . Hemionitis cajenensis ‰es . •es. •
tr. „rene ˆerlin •
. •eesten ˜ntec . •es
ten •
tr . : .  . „ires: € ‰„ Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 11688 •‚ Feijó, P. Delprete et
l. 8475 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 7342 •‚ Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et
l. 8962 (NY, UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, D.C. Daly et
l. 7350 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et
l. 10277 •‚ orto —
lter M. Silveira et
l. 1646 •‚ …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 11088 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 10166 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11178 •‚ ™
r

c› D.C. Daly et
l. 8619 (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance 7267A •‚ ’ithot loc
lit  J. Jangoux 85-095 •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. Characterized by sori sunken in grooves along the veins (magnication needed). ™he l
in
e oten r 
r reenish or bl
c ish
n
re obl
nceol
te bein wiest
bo e the ile. Polytaenium citrifolium . …chettp. ™
on ‡€: . ‡. Acrostichum citrifolium . …p. l. : ‡. . „ires: €ˆ • Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. •
teri
l e
ine: ™
r

c› D.C. Daly et
l. 8269 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 7426 •• •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b loncreepin rhiŠo es istinctl cl
thr
te sc
les
n spor
ni
occrrin sp
rsel on the l
in
r tisse between the eins. Until recently, this species was treated as Anetium citrifolium . …plit.

Figure 48. A. Pityrogramma calomelanos Prado et
l. 1304 …. A. ƒ
bit. Polytaenium guayanense ƒieron. Œlston ”ew ˆll. : €. B C. Pityrogramma trifoliata (from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, Ranal 1021 . Anthrophyum guayanense ƒieron. ƒewii
: . . …. . inn
. C. —en
tion. D–F. Polytaenium cajenense Prance et
l. 7342 •‚. B „ires: € • ƒ D. ƒ
bit. E. —en
tion. F. …ori. G H. Polytaenium guayanense Prado et
l. 1240 …. G. ƒ
bit. H. „ertile pinn
. Habit/Habitat: Herb; epiphyte in forest on terra rme. http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn € Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l.

•
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1316 (UFACPZ), Characterized by slightly pedate, 2-pinnate-pinnatid leaves; stalked J. Prado et
l. 1351 (UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, D.C. Daly et
l. proi
l pinn
e the st
l s c
. . c lon not wine
reol
te en
tion 10254 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 10837 •‚ orto —
lter W.C. Steward et
l. with 2 or 3(–4) areoles adjoining the costa between two adjacent costules, P13013 •• •‚ ories Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1240 (SP, UFACPZ), and the presence of short green awns at the junctures of the costae and J. Prado et
l. 1248 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1277 (SP, UFACPZ); costles

i
ll . ’ithot loc
lit  J. Jangoux et
l. 85-026 •‚ J. Jangoux et
l. 85-095A •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. Pteris grandifolia . …p. l. : €. . •h
r
cteriŠe b l
in
e th
t r ellowish reen not 
r reen or „ires: €• ‰ bl
c ish
n wiest
t or ne
r the ile. ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l on sbstr
te h
r
n brittle ne
r Pteris . …p. l. : . . cle
r w
ter. •h
r
cteriŠe b shortcreepin to erect co p
ct rhiŠo es be
rin sc
les •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 11697 •‚
t
pices l
in
e ei siŠe to l
re cl pe ono orphic l
in
e •
rech
l ™h

tro D.C. Daly et
l. 10198 •‚ orto —
lter P.J.M. pinn
te to se er
l ti es pinn
te pent
on
l to pe
te s
ll proi
l Maas et
l. 13239 ” •‚. pinn
p
ir el
bor
te b
s
ll  en
tion ree or
n
sto osin withot incle ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n • …oth ree einlets sori on

rin
l co issre connectin the ein ens with Πeric
to ˆoli i
. p
r
ph ses insi
or e b the ierenti
te
n recr e
rins. r
o •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
te le
es with
conor ter in
l se ent entire “ ’inisch  re ise the ˆr
Šili
n species o Pteris. pinn
e
n
reol
te en
tion. ™he
reoles
re l
re elon
te
n oriente 
ntropic
l c
.  species c
. ‡ •eotropic
l  in Œcre. obliel to the cost
 beco in rece in siŠe tow
rs the pinn

rins. . —en
tion ree Pteris haenkeana •. resl eli. ƒ
en . : .  . . •ei
n pinn
e entire petioles withot spines ...... P. vittata „ires: €˜ „ 2. Median pinnae pinnatid; petioles spiny ...... P. pungens Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in moist forest on terra rme, tertiary sei ents nl
tin terr
in. . —en
tion
reol
te or
t le
st p
rti
ll so •
teri
l e
ine: Œssis ˆr
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9791 (NY, UFACPZ); 3. Venation partially areolate (all areoles joined to the costa and/or Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11426 •‚ •
rech
l ™h

tro costle b
se with eins ree between those
reoles
n the pinn
D.C. Daly et
l. 7341 •‚ …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 11314 •‚.
rins ...........  P. tripartita 3. Venation areolate (areoles joined to the costa and costule, and to e
ch other with eins ree onl ne
r the pinn

rins €. 
in
e pinn
te or pinn
te pinn
e
n pinnles entire . roi
l pinn
e pinn
te se er
l series o
reoles 
pproi
tel isoi
etric between the cost

n pinn

rins ...... P. haenkeana . roi
l pinn
e entire or rc
te l
re
n elon
te
reoles oblie to the cost

n recin in siŠe tow
rs the pinn

rins ...... ..... P. grandifolia 4. Laminae 1- or 2-pinnate-pinnatid; pinnae and pinnules deeply pinnatid to pinnatisect, or pinnatid only on the basiscopic sie 6. Areoles 1 between two adjacent costules ...... P. propinqua 6. Areoles 2 or 3(–4) between adjacent costules ...... P. altissima

Pteris altissima oir. ˜nc cl. : .  €. „ires: €Œ ˆ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in oreste slope between ˆ
iio
n hiher terr
ce c
nop rel
ti el close nerstor rel
ti el rich in herbs. •
teri
l e
ine: ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 9879 (NY, UFACPZ); Jordão, R. Goldenberg et
l. 1304 (NY); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 9086 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11195 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11260 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11422 •‚ •
rech
l ™h

tro D.C. Daly et
l. 7702 •‚ …
nt
os
 D.C. Daly et
l. 10054 (NY, UFACPZ); Tarauacá, D.C. Daly et
l. 8317 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 799 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 7259 (INPA, K, NY, US, R), G.T. Prance et
l. 7299 •‚ M. Silveira et
l. 997 Figure 49. A B. Pteris altissima Goldenberg et
l. 1304 •‚. A. inn
. B. „ertile •‚ ’ithot loc
lit  J. Jangoux et
l. 85-063 •‚. pinn
. C D. Pteris grandifolia Daly et
l. 11697 •‚. C. 
rt o
ron. D. „ertile ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l pinn
. E F. Pteris haenkeana Daly et
l. 11314 •‚. E. inn
. F. „ertile pinn
. …oth Œ eric
. G H. Pteris propinqua Daly et
l. 11475 •‚. G. inn
. H. „ertile pinn
. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  €

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre

’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l P.J.M. Maas et
l. P12768 •h
r
cteriŠe b s
ll pinn
te le
es with conor
pices entire (NY); Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et
l. 1227 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues pinn
e lonl
nceol
te or oblonl
nceol
te
reol
te en
tion with Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1279 (SP, UFACPZ). se er
l series o
reoles 
pproi
tel isoi
etric between the cost
’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l
n pinn

rins
n serr
te pinn
e. ‹n ˆr
Šil this species is nown …oth Œ eric
. onl in Œcre r
o “ ’inisch . •h
r
cteriŠe b line
r le
es  wie sori line
r in one Pteris propinqua †. Œ
rh ecens. …pec. ter. ‡.  . row between the r
chis
n
rin p
r
llel to the
rin sn en in
roo e p
r
ph ses with
slener or slihtl cl

te
pic
l cell spores „ires: €• ƒ onolete. ™he sto
t

re restricte to the sor
l roo e the o not ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in nistrbe orest in lowl in
re
s occr on the
b
i
l sr
ce o the l
in
e
s in other erns ˆritton with oist soils c
nop open. “ ™
lor . Material examined: Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et
l. 11475 •‚ •
rech
l ™h

tro D.C. Daly et
l. 10465 •‚ io ˆr
nco L. Coêlho & A. SACCOLOMATACEAE Rosas Jr. 1941 (NY, UFACPZ); Sena Madureira, D.C. Daly et
l. 7920 •š. •h
r
cteriŠe b co p
ct rhiŠo es ensel srrone b ol petiole ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. bases, and petioles in cross-section with an omega-shaped (Ω) vascular Characterized by laminae 2-pinnate-pinnatid; stalked proximal bnle the open en o the o e
oriente

i
ll . ‹n Œcre onl Pteris pinn
e the st
l s . c lon borere b
n
rrow reen win
n the ‰ennst
eti
ce
e h
e
n o e
sh
pe
scl
r bnle. Œnother ecrrent onto the r
chis en
tion
reol
te with one l
re
reole hihl istincti e ch
r
cter is th
t the rhiŠo e in cross section re e
ls two joined to the costa between two adjacent costules; awns present on rins o
scl
r tisse ic clic. Pteris iers b
rin
l sori with
the

i
l sie o cost
e. false indusium, and often by short green awns adaxially at the junctures Pteris pungens ’ill. …p. l. :  .  . o the cost
e
n costles. ™he ‰ennste
ti
ce
e which
lso h
e
n Habit/Habitat: Herb.; on terra rme, near margins of streams. o e
sh
pe petiol
r
scl
r bnle ier b loncreepin pbescent •
teri
l e
ine: io Œcre J. Jangoux et
l. 85-099 •‚. not sc
l  rhiŠo es
n epipetiol
r bs on the sies o the petiole b
ses. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l 
ntropic
l  ens c
.  species. ‹n Œcre  species. …oth Œ eric
. Saccoloma ”
l. ˆerlin. †
hrb. h
r . —erbnenen ’iss. : .  . ‰ierin ro
ll other species o Pteris in Œcre b spin petioles ree …
e ch
r
cters
s those o the 
il . en
tion with b
s
l si ple or rc
te eins
risin ro the cost
e
n costles c

te
pic
l se ents
n costles
wne on the

i
l sr
ce. . 
in
e  or €pinn
te ........ S. inaequale Also distinctive are 1-pinnate-pinnatid leaves and furcate proximal pinnae. . 
in
e pinn
te Pteris tripartita …w. †. ˆot. …chr
er  : ‡.  . . inn
e   . c  entire sori
rin
l ... S. chartaceum ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb istrbe pri
r orest. •
teri
l e
ine: io ˆr
nco T.B. Croat 86100 •‚. 2. Pinnae 1–1.5 × 0.5 cm, pinnatid or lobate; sori submarginal …… ’orl ‰istribtion: ‹ntroce
n wiel n
tr
liŠe in the •eotropics: ...... S. membranaceum •eso
eric
 Œntilles
n wiespre
 in …oth Œ eric
. Distinguished by tripartite, 1- or 2-pinnate-pinnatid leaves, and Saccoloma chartaceum •.ˆ. •
ir †. ˆo b
•
t. ƒist. …oc. ‡: partially areolate venation, with two large areoles adjacent to the costa €.  . between two adjacent costules. „ires: Œ ˆ Pteris vittata . …p. l. : €. . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb
lon tr
il in istrbe
re
in the „eer
l •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1341 (SP, UFACPZ); University of Acre (UFAC). …en
•
reir
 C.A. Cid & B. Nelson 2574 •‚ ’ithot loc
lit  •
teri
l e
ine: io ˆr
nco T.B. Croat 86081 •‚. J. Jangoux et
l. 85-100 •• •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: 
ntropic
l introce
n wiespre
 in the ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l •eotropics. …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b pinn
te le
es with
conor
pic
l se ent •h
r
cteriŠe b i p
ripinn
te l
in
e pinn
e   . c  line
r pinn
e not
rticl
te to the r
chis
n with trnc
te b
se
n ree entire
n
rin
l sori. en
tion with si ple or rc
te eins. ™he pinn
e ispl
wie
ri
tion Saccoloma inaequale ”nŠe •ett. Œnn. …ci. •
t. ˆot. sœr. € : .  ‡. in siŠe
nle o i erence ro the r
chis 
cte or riht
nle
n Davallia inaequalis ”nŠe inn
e
: .  €. sh
pe str
iht to shortl 
lc
te. „ires: ƒ • ‰ Vittaria … . •œ . Œc
. o . …ci. ™rin : € t
b.  g. 5. . •h
r
cteriŠe b istichos le
es 
r prplish brown petioles Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial and common on terra rme forest on line
r l
in
e less th
n  wie
n p
r
ph ses with
slener
pic
l hih terr
ce. cell not obconic. Material examined: Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. 9456 •‚ •rŠeiro o …l 
ntropic
l  species  in Œcre. J. Prado et
l. 1203 (SP, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et
l. 12194 •• •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 12333 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l.12574 •‚ ories Vittaria lineata . … . •œ . Œc
. o . …ci. ™rin : Œl es J. Prado et
l. 1256 (SP, UFACPZ); Santa Lucia, J. Pruski et
l. € t
b.  g. 5. . Pteris lineata . …p. l. : . . 3497 •‚ ’ithot loc
lit  J. Jangoux et
l. 85-011 •‚. ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb epiph te in orest oten in c
nop
n in the ’orl ‰istribtion: •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n tropic
l
ils o ol p
l le
es
n so eti es on low trn s. …oth Œ eric
. http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l.

™e per
te
n tropic
l reions worlwie  ener
  species. ‹n Œcre  ens  species. Salvinia …œ. „l. —eron. : . €. „lo
tin

tics with two ronish reen le
es on the sr
ce o the water and a third leaf submerged, nely dissected, whitish, and root-like. Further characters are roots absent; stems hairy, thin, branched; oating le
es .€ c in i
eter circl
r o
te or oblon entire t pic
ll with p
pill
e on the pper sr
ce the p
pill
e when present with  or € h
irs
t their
pices these s
ll nite
n 
r ene
t the
pe or in
c
e eins
n
sto osin the
reoles elon
te pol on
l withot incle einlets sori borne on the sb ere le
 insi
lobose whitish. 
ntropic
l  species  in Œcre. Salvinia radula ˆ
er †. ˆot. €:  .  ‡. „ires: • ƒ ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb

tic in l
es
lon ro

rins. •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1378 (SP, UFACPZ). ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. Distinguished by oating leaves only 1–1.3 × 0.7–1.2 cm, covered with n eros p
pill
e h
irs on the
pe o p
pill
e se
t their tips into
c
eli e strctre inor
ll c
lle žebe
ter h
irsŸ. ™he
pe o the h
irs where the
re
tt
che is 
r brown. Œition
ll  there
re h
irs
on the b
ses o the p
pill
e
n this ch
r
cter iers this species ro S. auriculata Œbl. th
t h
s ostl

i
l l
in
sr
ce l
bros between p
pill
e. Prado et
l. 1378 was misidentied as Salvinia minima ˆ
er b r
o “ •or
n . SCHIZAEACEAE

Characterized by each the sporangia borne in marginal ngerlike Figure 50. A B. Saccoloma chartaceum Prado et
l. 1341 …. A. „ertile pinn
. etensions o the l
in
 e
ch spor
ni spplie b
sinle ein. . „ertile pinn
. C D. Saccoloma inaequale Prado et
l. 1203 …. C. „ertile B šther ch
r
cteristics
re co p
ct horiŠont
l or erect pbescent rhiŠo es pinn
. D. „ertile pinnle. E F. Saccoloma membranaceum Prance et
l. 12432 •‚ holot pe. E. ƒ
bit. F. „ertile pinn
. G H. Salvinia radula Prado et
l. 1378 …. le
es si ple to se er
l ti es ichoto os the lti
te i isions oli
ceos G. ƒ
bit. H. ƒ
irs ro

i
l sr
ce. I J. Schizaea elegans Prado et
l. 1162 …. to sc
rcel l
in
r petioles cont
inin
sinle
scl
r bnle l
bros I. „ertile ron. J. …ori.
s lon
s or loner th
n the l
in
 with
n

i
l roo e eins ree. Fertile segments (sporangiophores) pinnatid, curved, borne at the tips of the l
in
e spor
ni
erect oblon with
n
pic
l
nnls in  rows •h
r
cteriŠe b erect rhiŠo es  to €pinn
te le
es
n poc etli e spores onolete. sb
rin
l sori th
t
re r
ise e bosse on the

i
l sr
ce o the 
ntropic
l with
ew etensions in the te per
te Šones  ener
 l
in
. c
.  species. ‹n Œcre  ens  species. Schizaea … . •œ . Œc
. o . …ci. ™rin : €. l.  g. 9. Saccoloma membranaceum •ic el Œ er. „ern †. €€:   nom. cons. g. 2A, B.  €. …
e ch
r
cters
s in the 
il . „ires: ˜ „ . 
in
e with le
 tisse e elope n
rrowl obelt
te to bro
l ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in ont
ne orests. 
nsh
pe ...... S. elegans •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l G.T. Prance et
l. 12432 •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: Œ
Šoni
n er
n ˆr
Šil. . 
in
e with l
in
r tisse poorl e elope line
r or
bsent ...... •h
r
cteriŠe b e br
nos le
es  c lon
n pinn
e ...... S. stricta 1–1.5 × 0.5 cm, pinnatid or lobate. The type was collected in Acre and Schizaea elegans —
hl …w. †. ˆot. …chr
er  : .  . is the onl collection o this species ro the st
te. Acrostichum elegans —
hl … b. ˆot. : € t
b. . . SALVINIACEAE „ires: ‹ † Characterized by free-oating habit, small size, and rounded leaves Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. be
rin h
irs or p
pill
e on the pper sr
ces. „rther ch
r
cteriŠe b •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l J. Prado et
l. 1162 (SP, UFACPZ), rhiŠo es thin loncreepin reentl br
nche
n e
sil bre
in. J. Prado et
l. 1175 (SP, UFACPZ), J. Prado et
l. 1307 (SP, UFACPZ); e
es  lon not circin
te. …ori on the sb ere  entr
l sie o Mâncio Lima, C.A. Cid et
l. 10095 •‚ G.T. Prance et
l. 12101 •‚ the pl
nt o two t pes either e
spor
ni
te or icrospor
ni
te borne M. Silveira et
l. 1259 •‚.
t the ein tips insi
thin lobose whitish. …por
ni
st
e
nnls ’orl ‰istribtion: … •eico •re
ter Œntilles •eso
eric

n
bsent. …pores trilete nonreen. •e
spor
ni
onespore
t
trit . tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre

šne o the ost be
til ern species in Œcre. ‹t ener
ll h
s 
nsh
pe l
in
e these so eti es incise to
rios erees. ™he l
in
e
r ro 
nsh
pe
n entire to se er
lti es i ie rc
te so eti es with n
rrow se ents. Schizaea stricta elliner •e . •ew ‚or ˆot. •
r.  :  g. 1. ‡. ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in •
pin
r
n
 on s
n soils. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, A. Quinet et
l. 1635 •‚ ˆ. ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b l
in
e € or or e
n ore th
n  se ents/pinn
e in e
ch spor
niophore. TECTARIACEAE

•h
r
cteriŠe b rhiŠo es shortcreepin or ec bent less co onl erect or loncreepin petioles with ore th
n €
scl
r bnles the adaxial ones enlarged, not jointed to the rhizome; laminae simple to 4-pinnate-pinnatid, often pubescent with short (< 1 mm), jointed hairs, especi
ll on the

i
l sr
ces o the
es r
chises
n cost
e not roo e or i slihtl roo e then the roo es not ecrrent into those o the net lowest orer eins ree or
n
sto osin sori t pic
ll ron insi
present or
bsent. ™ect
ri
ce
e is onoph letic Zhang et
l. ‡. 
ntropic
l
n sbtropic
l  ener
 c
.  species. ‹n Œcre  ener
  species. . hiŠo es creepin le
es istichos eins ree ...... Triplophyllum . hiŠo es erect or ec bent le
es pol stichos eins reticl
te . 
chises not wine

i
ll pberlent rhiŠo es
n oli
e when crshe withot oor ...... Tectaria Figure 51. A. Draconopteris draconoptera Daly et
l. 11891 •‚. A. —en
tion . 
chises wine

i
ll l
bros rhiŠo es
n oli
e when
n sori. B C. Tectaria incisa Croat 86113 •‚. B. 
rt o
ertile ron. crshe with oor o to
ste
l ons c
noenic ...... C. —en
tion
n sori. D E. Tectaria
. longipinnata Prance et
l. 7812A •‚...... Draconopteris D. „ertile ron. E. —en
tion
n sori. F G. Tectaria trifoliata Daly et
l. 9883 •‚. F. ƒ
bit. G. —en
tion
n sori. Draconopteris Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang, Taxon 65(4): 732–733, g. 1a–b g. 3a–d. ‡. dimorphic; laminae simple and entire to 3-pinnate-pinnatid; proximal •h
r
cteriŠe b erect to ec bent rhiŠo es le
es
rr
ne r
i
ll pinn
e oten with
prolone lobe or pinnle on the b
s
l b
siscopic
ron the rhiŠo es to . lon sterile
n ertile le
es ono orphic sie r
chises
n cost
e rone or sh
llowl roo e

i
ll  the laminae 1-pinnatid; rachises winged; pinnae 3–4 pairs, entire except for roo es not ecrrent pberlent the h
irs .. lon reish
sinle b
s
l b
siscopic lobe on the b
s
l pinn
e eins reticl
te sori plricelll
r eins reticl
te the
reoles t pic
ll with incle einlets ron n eros insi

bsent. ™he reshl ct rhiŠo es
n petiole b
ses insi
present r
rel
bsent. h
e
sweet s ell o to
ste
l ons. Zhang et
l. ‡ sere
te this 
ntropic
l with so e etensions into the te per
te Šones c
. onot pic ens ro Tectaria •
.  species  in Œcre. •eotropic
l  species. . …ori se er
l
n irrel
rl sc
ttere between l
ter
l secon
r eins Draconopteris draconoptera (D.C. Eaton) Li Bing Zhang & Liang pinn
e  p
irs ...... T. trifoliata Aspidium draconopterum ‰.•. ˜
ton Zhang, Taxon 65(4): 732–733. 2016. . …ori biseri
te between l
ter
l secon
r eins pinn
e ore th
n  p
irs •e . Œ er. Œc
. Œrts n.s. : .  ‡. . inn
e € p
irs proi
l pinn
e st
l e the st
l  lon. „ire: Œ ...... ...... . T.
. longipinnata ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l in pri
r orest nl
tin terr
in in pl
ces issecte b
n s
ll stre
s. . inn
e  p
irs proi
l pinn
e st
l e the st
l c
.  lon •
teri
l e
ine: ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 9882 (NY, UFACPZ), ........ .... T. incisa D.C. Daly et
l. 11891•‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. Tectaria incisa •
. ‰escr. l. €.  . Tectaria •
. Œn
les ƒist. •
t. : . . „ires: ˆ • ‹n Œcre ch
r
cteriŠe b non
l
te r
chises these
n the cost
e Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream pberlent

i
ll  reticl
te eins ron sori
n l
c o to
ste
rins on s
n
n cl
soils.
l on c
nie oor. šther ch
r
cters o the ens incle rhiŠo es •
teri
l e
ine: •rŠeiro o …l D.C. Daly et
l. 7493 erect or shortcreepin sc
l sterile
n ertile le
es ono orphic r
rel (NY, UFACPZ); Marechal Thaumaturgo, D.C. Daly et
l. 10340 •‚ http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. €: e‡ 

r
o †. et
l.

D.C. Daly et
l. 10343 •‚ •i
› C.A. Cid & A. Rosas Jr. 2952 •• ’orl ‰istribtion: • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. •‚ io ˆr
nco C.A. Cid & A. Rosas Jr. 2899 •‚ …
nt
os
 T.B. Triplophyllum funestum ”nŠe ƒoltt  ”ew ˆll. €: . Croat 86113 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 10052 •‚ D.C. Daly et
l. 11335  ‡. Aspidium funestum ”nŠe inn
e
: ‡.  €. •‚ …en
•
reir
 G.T. Prance et
l. 7667 •• •‚ ™
r

c› D.C. Daly et
l. 8617 (NY, UFACPZ), G.P. da Silva et
l. 98 •‚ ‘
pri „ires: ‰„ D.C. Daly et
l. 7273 (NY, UFACPZ), C. Figueiredo 207 (NY, UFACPZ). Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on clay soils. ’orl ‰istribtion: … „lori
 •eico Œntilles •eso
eric

n •
teri
l e
ine: ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 7091 •‚ •rŠeiro o …l tropic
l
n sbtropic
l …oth Œ eric
. J. Prado et
l. 1334 (SP, UFACPZ); Rodrigues Alves, J. Prado et
l. 1247 •h
r
cteriŠe b sori in  series between the l
ter
l secon
r eins
n (UFACPZ).  p
irs o pinn
e the proi
l p
ir st
l e c
.  lon to the r
chis. ’orl ‰istribtion: Œntilles •eso
eric

n • …oth Œ eric
to ˆoli i
. Tectaria
. longipinnata A. Rojas, Revista Biol. Trop. 49(2): 476–478, •h
r
cteriŠe b the

i
l sr
ce o the pinn
r
chises l
bros to g. 5. . sp
rsel pberlent. ™he
b
i
l sr
ce o the pinn
r
chises
re e enl „ires: ‰ ˜ pberlent the h
irs .. lon. ƒihl
ri
ble in l
in
r cttin ƒ
bit/ƒ
bit
t: ƒerb terrestri
l on ›rŠe
orest.
n siŠe r
o “ •or
n  . Material examined: Mâncio Lima, G.T. Prance et
l. 12047 •• •‚ THELYPTERIDACEAE M. Silveira et
l.1229 •‚ io ˆr
nco C.A. Cid & A. Souza 2988 •‚ …en
•
reir
 G.T. Prance et
l. 7812A •‚. •ener
ll ch
r
cteriŠe b two
scl
r bnles in the petiole b
ses ’orl ‰istribtion: •eso
eric

n tropic
l …oth Œ eric
. 1-pinnate-pinnatid laminae, acicular hairs, and round sori. Other characters •h
r
cteriŠe b € p
irs o elliptic pinn
e the proi
l ones with incle rhiŠo es creepin to erect sc
l  the sc
les noncl
thr
te sterile
n
st
l  lon. ™he speci ens cite here iht belon to Tectaria ertile le
es ono orphic or less co onl  sbi orphic l
in
e ost longipinnata escribe oriin
ll ro 
n

. commonly 1-pinnatid-pinnatid, rarely simple or 3- or 4-pinnate, typically l
nceol
te elliptic or oblon less oten bro
l elt
te r
chises
n cost
e Tectaria trifoliata . •
. ‰escr. l. €.  . Polypodium trifoliatum s
ll roo e

i
ll  i roo e then the roo es not ecrrent into those . …p. l. :  . . o the net lowest orer eins ree or less co onl nette in
repetiti e „ires: „ • Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest of terra rme, on undulating terr
in c
nop iscontinos. •
teri
l e
ine: ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 1229 (NY, UFACPZ), D.C. Daly et
l. 9883 •‚. ’orl ‰istribtion: Œntilles
n • …oth Œ eric
. •h
r
cteriŠe b sori irrel
rl sc
ttere between two l
ter
l secon
r eins
n pinn
e or  p
irs. Triplophyllum ƒoltt  ”ew ˆll. €: .  ‡. ‰istinishe b creepin rhiŠo es istichos le
es t pic
ll trip
rtite l
in
e ree eins
n

i
ll pberlent le

es. šther ch
r
cters const
nt within the ens
re lonpetiol
te ono orphic sterile
n ertile le
es
scl
r bnles in petioles € or ore b
s
l pinn
e t pic
ll conspicosl l
rer th
n the spr
b
s
l ones
n wier on the b
siscopic sie r
chises
n cost
e not roo e s
ll pberlent
b
i
ll pro ie with
ew 
r sc
les
n s
ll
lso

i
ll with reish h
irs these ..€ lon reish
rticl
te eins ree sori ron insi
present circl
r to renior 
tt
che l
ter
ll not pelt
te. ™he •eotropic
l species were re ise b r
o “ •or
n   who reconiŠe nine species in the •eotropics. •eotropics Œric
 •


sc
r  species  in Œcre. . inn
r
chises l
bros or ne
rl so

i
ll insi
pbescent ...... T. funestum . inn
r
chises pberlent
n/or l
nl
r insi
l
nl
r
n pbescent ......  T. boliviense

Triplophyllum boliviense †. r
o “ .•. •or
n ˆrittoni
‡: ‡ gs 5, 6.  . „ires: Œ• Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, undulating terrain. •
teri
l e
ine: Œssis ˆr
sil D.C. Daly et
l. 9883 (NY, UFACPZ); Figure 52. A–C. Triplophyllum boliviense Daly et
l. 6738 •‚. A. ƒ
bit. ˆr
silœi
 D.C. Daly et
l. 6738 (NY, UFACPZ); Bujari, D.C. Daly et
l. B. …terile se ent. C. 
in
r h
irs. D–F. Triplophyllum funestum Prado et
l. 1334 …. 9856 (NY, UFACPZ). D. 
rt o
ertile ron. E. —en
tion
n sori. F. ƒ
irs ro r
chis. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ Biota Neotrop. €: e‡  

„erns
n l coph tes o Œcre rel
r w
 t pic
ll enin the se ent
rins sori ron or r
rel elon
te Amauropelta
ne rrnrter : . . insi
present or
bsent spor
ni
l st
l s rowe. hrcterie b linr bses with or or ore pirs o pinne We adopt here the most recent classication for the family published gradually to abruptly reduced, basalmost auriculate. Veins from adjacent b Œl ei
et
l. ‡. seents sll eetin the rin the boe the sins. •os opolit
n  ener
 € species. ‹n Œcre ‡ ener
  species. ntropicl   species in cre. . „oli
r h
irs or e or stell
te ...... Goniopteris Amauropelta opposita hl ic. er. ebbi  :  . €€. . „oli
r h
irs nbr
nche Polypodium oppositum hl •clo. er. :  . ‚€. . —eins nette rel
rl in p
irs with the tr
ns erse eins procin ires: •  ecrrent einlets th
t rn tow
r the
rin or to the net
reole ƒbit/ƒbitt: ƒerb terrestril riersie eettion. insi

bsent ...... Meniscium „teril e…ine: ssis †rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9644 (NY, UFACPZ), . —eins ree or with one or two p
irs
n
sto osin below the sins D.C. Daly et l. 9653 (NY, UFACPZ). insi
present or
bsent orl ‡istribtion: ntilles „esoeric n tropicl oth eric. hrcterie b linr tisse b…ill with ciclr or crispte . 
in
with se er
l p
irs o rece proi
l pinn
e or in hirs ellowish to ornish sessile resinos lns on the eins n the
ricles ...... Amauropelta linr tisse seent rins oten reolte. . 
in
withot rece pinn
e or with slihtl rece non
ricl
te pinn
e Amblovenatum ˆ.. ‰o… treliti  : ‚‚Š‚ . ‚‚ . ‹n cre chrcterie b the presence o slrŒellow sphericl €. Œerophores present
t pinn
b
ses
b
i
ll ...... Steiropteris sessile lns on the eins b…ill. lso istinctie b line Œpinnte €. Œerophores
bsent
t pinn
b
ses
b
i
ll abruptly reduced distally and ending in a pinnatid apex, segments falcate n the pro…il ones o ech pinn rece sori on the seent pices 5. Proximal veins from adjacent segments united below the sins with
n ecrrent ein to sins ...... Christella insi with lns n hirs. •ropics n sbtropics o the Žl orl ntrlie in the •eotropics 5. Proximal veins from adjacent segments connivent at or probably fewer than 10 (Alan R. Smith (UC), personal communication) rnnin to sins species in cre. ‡. roi
l pinn
e with b
s
l
ricles ...... Christella Amblovenatum opulentum 
l. ˆ.. ‰o… treliti  : ‚ . ‚‚ . ‡. roi
l pinn
e withot b
s
l
ricles ...... Aspidium opulentum
l. •n. ilic.  .  ...... Amblovenatum

Figure 53. A–C. Meniscium angustifolium Daly et l. 8764 ••. A. inn. Figure 54. A B. Steiropteris . decussata Prado et l. 1370 . A. terile pinn. B. ention. C. rt o  ertile ron. D E. Meniscium arborescens Prado et l. B. terile pinn. C D. Christella hispidula Croat et l. 86012 ••. C. ertile pinn. 1298 . D. rt o  sterile ron. E. ertile pinn. F G. Meniscium chrysodioides D. ertile pinn. E F. Goniopteris abrupta Daly et l. 11780 ••. E. ƒbit. r. goyazense Croat & Rosas 62670 ••. F. terile pinn. G. ertile pinn. F. ertile pinn. G H. Goniopteris juruensis Maas et l. P12918 ••. G. rt o H I. Goniopteris biformata Croat et l. 85199 ••. H. terile pinn. I. ertile pinn.  ertile ron. H. ertile pinn. http://.oi.or/./‡‡‡ˆ•‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. € : e‚ €‚  ‚ €

ro ˆ. et l.

ires: ‘ ƒ . ‰hioes lonŒcreepin ...... C. grandis r. kunzeana ƒbit/ƒbitt: ƒerb terrestril in open orest with pls n we . ‰hioes sberect to erect presence o Guadua sarcocarpa cnop c.   eepl issecte terrin. nŒcl soil.  coon wee species in cre n other prts o the . ro…il pir o seents not elonte obli•e to the rchis ...... C. hispidula •eotropics. „teril e…ine: reiro o l D.C. Daly et l. 11858 •• . ro…il pir o seents elonte prllel close to the rchis L.R. Marinho 204 •• P.J.M. Maas et l. P13304 •• J. Prado et l...... C. patens 1333 (SP, UFACPZ); G.T. Prance et l. 12428 (MG, NY); Mâncio Lima, Christella grandis .‰. . r. kunzeana ƒoo. .‰. . htot… J. Prado et l. 1144 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. sbitte. Nephrodium kunzeanum ƒoo. 10458 •• D.C. Daly et l. 11498 •• „rechl •htro D.C. Daly et l. 10366 •• orto cre C. Figueiredo & I. Riveiro 751 •• ƒbit/ƒbitt: ƒerb terrestril on bns o riers. nt ‰os D.C. Daly et l. 10158 •• D.C. Daly et l. 11098 •• „teril e…ine: „rechl •htro Daly et l. 10197 ••. D.C. Daly et l. 11327 •• en „reir L. de Lima et l. 553 orl ‡istribtion: •cor to †olii n †ril. hrcterie b lonŒcreepin rhioes b…ill oertel to (NY, UFACPZ), G.T. Prance et l. 7662 •• ’pri L.G. Lohmann & E.C. de Oliveira 598 ••. ensel pberlent rchises the hirs ‚. Š‚.  lon coste n eins pberlent the hirs ‚. Š‚.  lon linr tisse lbros …ill orl ‡istribtion: ntilles „esoeric n • oth eric to lbros e…cept or costl hirs insi pberlent the hirs ‚.  lon. †olii. •tie to si n ric. Christella hispidula ‡ecne. ƒoltt
ew †ll. : . € . Christella ƒ. “”. l.
oŒ•ch”o €. . Aspidium hispidulum ‡ecne. •o. nn. „s. ƒist. •t. : . . hrcterie in cre b lonŒcreepin to erect rhioes with conspicos scles ‚ to pro…il pinn pirs slihtl to retl rece bt not ires:   ‡ orin ricles t lin bse erophores bsent n persistent insi. Habit/Habitat: Herb.; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. leotropics €‚ species in cre. „teril e…ine: orto cre T.B. Croat et l. 86012 ••. World Distribution: United States, Mesoamerica, Antilles, and South eric tropicl n sbtropicl ric n si. hrcterie b pro…il pir o pinne rece n obli•e to the rchis. itionll the inent coprises ciclr hirs ore thn ‚.  lon with soe to ‚.  lon. Christella patens w. ƒoltt ebbi ‚ : . € . Polypodium patens w. ror. . € . ires:   † ƒbit/ƒbitt: ƒerb terrestril in orest on steep slopes. „teril e…ine: ssis †rsil D.C. Daly et l. 9635 •• orto lter D.C. Daly et l. 11780 ••. orl ‡istribtion: „e…ico ntilles „esoeric n tropicl oth eric. hrcterie b pro…il pir o seents elonte prllel n close to the rchis. t lest t the ile o the le the elonte seents oerlp ech other. Goniopteris . resl •ent. teri. Š  tb. € g. 9–11. . hrcterie b ore or stellte hirs on the rchises coste n rhizome scales (magnication needed). The main thelypteroid genus in the lowln tropics especill oni. ‹ts species hbriie bt this hs been poorl stie. •eotropicl ‚ species in cre. 1. Lamina apices pinnatid . “inr tisse b…ill lbros ...... G. abrupta . “inr tisse b…ill pberlent the hirs scttere ciclr ‚. Š‚.  lon ...... G. jamesonii . “in pices conor i.e. reseblin  lterl pinn or sbconor . “inr tisse b…ill stellteŒpbescent ...... G. schunkei Figure 55. A B. Meniscium macrophyllum Prado et l. 1337 . A. terile . “inr tisse b…ill lbros or pbescent with ciclr hirs pinn. B. ertile pinn. C D. Meniscium membranaceum Silveira et l. 1249 ••. C. ertile pinn. D. ertile pinn. E F. Amauropelta opposita Daly et l. 9644 . “inr tisse b…ill pbescent ...... G. biformata ••. E. ƒbit. F. ertile pinn. G H. Amblovenatum opulentum Prado et l. 1144 . G. ertile pinn. H. ertile pinn. . “inr tisse b…ill lbros http://www.scielo.br/bn http://….oi.or/ ‚.  ‚/ € Œ‚ Œ†•Œ‚ €Œ‚ Biota Neotrop. € : e‚ €‚  ‚ € 

erns n lcophtes o cre

. inne incise / Š/ the istnce to coste pinne Š – .Š c „teril e…ine: orto lter T.B. Croat et l. 85199 ••...... G. juruensis orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric. hrcterie b bs t the bse o the istl pinne line enin . inne incise / or ore the istnce to coste pinne Š – Š c in conor or sbconor terinl pinn n insi n spornil stls ...... G. tristis setlose. Žther chrcters constnt in the species incle coste b…ill pbescent the hirs ciclr ‚. Š  lon n linr tisse b…ill Goniopteris abrupta ‡es. .‰. . hto
es €: . ‚ . with ostl ciclr hirs. Polypodium abruptum ‡es. „”. oc. “inn. ris :  . €. Goniopteris jamesonii ƒoo. lino — •.•. lei hto
es €: ires:  •  . ‚ . Nephrodium jamesonii ƒoo. p. il. : . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on steep slopes. Material examined: Feijó, M. Alves et l. 2539 •• „rechl „teril e…ine: reiro o l D.C. Daly et l. 11698 ••. •htro Daly et l. 10251 •• ‰† orto lter D.C. Daly et l. orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric to †olii n sothern †ril. 11780 ••. Characterized by pinnatid lamina apices, basally truncate medial orl ‡istribtion: ntilles n • oth eric to †olii. pinnae, 2 or 3 proximal pinna pairs deexed and slightly shortened. Characterized by pinnatid lamina apices, buds present on the base of ‹nent o the coste b…ill pbescent the hirs o two sies short the istl pinne eil pir o pinne with trncte bse pir o pro…il ones c. ‚.  i…e with loner ones ‚.Š .‚ . “inr tisse pinne istinctl cnete t bse insi n stl o the sporni setlose. b…ill pberlent the hirs ciclr ‚. Š‚.  lon …ill with ‹nent o the cost b…ill pberlent the hirs ciclr ‚. Š‚.  ppresse hirs c. ‚.  lon between the eins. lon. “inr tisse b…ill lbros. Goniopteris juruensis . hr. †re †re :  . €. Goniopteris biformata ‰osenst. lino — •.•. lei hto
es Dryopteris juruensis . hr.
onel. ‡nse iens. els. r. €: €. ‚ . Dryopteris biformata ‰osenst. ‰epert. pec. •o. ‰eni •triens. „th. . ser. € ‚:   g. 43d. . e. €: ‚‚Š ‚ . ‚ . ires:  ‘ ƒ   ‘ ires:  ƒ ‹ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. „teril e…ine: reiro o l P.J.M. Maas et l. P12918 •• ƒbit/ƒbitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. J. Prado et l. 1376 (SP, UFACPZ); Manoel Urbano, D.C. Daly et l. 11391 •• ‰io †rnco C.A. Cid & A. Rosas Jr. 2950 •• en „reir G.T. Prance et l. 7812 •• G.T. Prance et l. 7853 ••. orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric to †olii n sothern †ril. hrcterie b line enin in conor terinl pinn pinne with cnete bses bs present t the bse o the istl pinne insi sll lbros or setlose or pprentl insi bsent n sporni lbros. ost b…ill nerl lbros bt sprse hirs present the hirs ciclr c. ‚.  lon. “inr tisse b…ill lbros. Goniopteris schunkei .‰. . lino — •.•. lei hto
es €: . ‚ . Thelypteris schunkei .‰. . ielin †ot. n.s.  : . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial, terra rme forests. Material examined: Manuel Urbano, Medeiros 758 et l. ••. orl ‡istribtion: er †olii western †ril. hrcterie b line enin in  conor terinl pinn pinne trncte bsll bs bsent eins nstoosin insi with ense inent o stellte hirs sporni with stellte hirs. oste n linr tisse b…ill with stellte hirs. Goniopteris tristis 
ne †re †re :  €. €. Polypodium triste
ne “inne : €. . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest of terra rme, on clay soils. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, J. Prado et l. 1138 (SP, UFACPZ); orto lter D.C. Daly et l. 11767 ••. orl ‡istribtion: „esoeric n tropicl oth eric. hrcterie b line enin in  conor terinl pinn pinne with cnete bses bs soeties present t the bse o the istl pinne insi bsent n sporni lbros. oste b…ill lbros or with sprse ciclr ore or stellte hirs c. ‚.  lon. “inr tisse b…ill lbros. Meniscium chreb. ‘en. l. : €€. € . hrcterie b line Œpinnte rrel entire pinne entire or serrte the bsl ones the lrest or nerl so erophores bsent eins nette relrl in pirs with the trnserse eins procin e…crrent Figure 56. A B. Christella patens Daly et l. 9635 ••. A. ertile ron. B. ertile seent. C–E. Meniscium serratum Lowrie & Nelson 695 ••. C. ertile pinn. einlets tht rn towr the rin or ne…t reole the reoles ŠŠ  D. terile pinn. E. eins. F G. Goniopteris juruenseis Prado et l. 1376 . between the cost n rin sori on the trnserse eins elonte not F. ertile pinne. G. ertile pinn. ron insi bsent sporni lbros or setose. http://….oi.or/ ‚.  ‚/ € Œ‚ Œ†•Œ‚ €Œ‚ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. € : e‚ €‚  ‚ €

ro ˆ. et l.

•eotropicl € species € species in cre. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, D.C. Daly et l. 8921 (NY, UFACPZ), M. Silveira et l. 1292 •• M. Silveira et l. 1299 •• „rechl . inne conspicosl serrte or ncinte ...... M. serratum •htro D.C. Daly et l. 10196 •• •rc˜ D.C. Daly et l. . inne entire sbentire crente or crenlte 8764 (NY, UFACPZ). orl ‡istribtion: „e…ico ntilles „esoeric n tropicl . ‡istl pinne rll rece ...... M. angustifolium oth eric. . ‡istl pinne not rece or onl slihtl so hrcterie b pbescent rchises n coste the hirs lcte or crispte linr tisse n eins …ill lbros cost …ill . „eil pinne ‚Š  – Š c ...... M. macrophyllum pbescent sporni lbros. ‡istl pinne rll rece. „rins . „eil pinne ‚Š – Š c o the pinne entire to crente. . „eil pinne elliptic ...... M. arcanum Meniscium arborescens ƒb. — †onpl. e… ill. p. l. : . ‚. . „eil pinne oblon or lnceolte ires:  ‡ • . ‰chises n coste b…ill with hirs lcte to crispte Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream ...... M. angustifolium rins. „teril e…ine: reiro o l J. Prado et l. 1298 (SP, UFACPZ). . ‰chises n coste with hirs ciclr erect orl ‡istribtion: „esoeric n tropicl oth eric. . inne .Š c wie ...... M. arborescens hrcterie b pbescent line with the istl pinne not rece pinne sbentire to crente n pinn rchises pbescent on the …il . inne Š c wie .... M. chrysodioides r. goyazense srce onl. Meniscium arcanum „…on — .. „orton ic. er. ebbi Meniscium angustifolium ill. p. l. : . ‚.   : ‚. . Dryopteris arcana „…on — .. „orton †ll. •orre ires:  Š †ot. lb :  tb. . . Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on sandy soil. ires: € † Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in Forest of terra rme near stream. Material examined: Mâncio Lima, A. Salino & T.E. Almeida 15026 †ƒ†. orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric to †olii. hrcterie b ornish clinricl lns on the receptcle o the sporni. Žther chrcters incle lbros line …ill lbros rchises both srces istl pinne not rece n pinne entire to crente. Meniscium chrysodioides ”e r. goyazense „…on — .. „orton ˆ. ro ‰.•. ƒiri — ‰.. „orn comb. nov. Dryopteris chrysodioides ”e „…on — .. „orton r. goyazensis „…on — .. „orton †ll. •orre †ot. lb. : € . . ires:   ‘ Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme near stream rins. „teril e…ine: reiro o l T.B. Croat & A. Rosas Jr. 62670 (NY, UFACPZ). orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric to †olii. hrcterie b hirs c. ‚.  lon on the spornil stls sprsel pbescent rchises the hirs ciclr coste eins n linr tisse b…ill pbescent the hirs ciclr erect …ill lost lbros e…cept or costl hirs. Žther chrcters re istl pinne slihtl rece n pinn rins sbentire to crente. Meniscium macrophyllum
ne lor  : †eibl. . . ires:  † Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. „teril e…ine: reiro o l J. Prado et l. 1337 (SP, UFACPZ). orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric n sothern †ril. hrcterie b lre entire pinne enerll ‚Š  – Š c. lso the linr tisse is lbros on both srces bt the rchises Figure 57. A B. Meniscium arcanum Salino & Almeida 15026 †ƒ†. A. ƒbit. coste n eins b…ill re pbescent with ppresse sprse hirs. B. ertile pinn. C, D. Steiropteris sp. Salino & Almeida 15024 †ƒ†. C. terile pinn. D. ertile pinn. E F. Steiropteris leprieurii r. incana Salino & Almeida Meniscium membranaceum „ett. ic. er. ebbi  : ‚. . 15014 †ƒ†. E. terile pinn. F. ertile pinn. Phegopteris membranacea „ett. il. “echl. : .  . http://www.scielo.br/bn http://….oi.or/ ‚.  ‚/ € Œ‚ Œ†•Œ‚ €Œ‚ Biota Neotrop. € : e‚ €‚  ‚ € €

erns n lcophtes o cre

ires:  ‡ ‚.‚  in Steiropteris . decussata coste b…ill o oertel ense ƒbit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme. to ense sprein nonŒseptte hirs ostl less thn ‚.  s. coste Material examined: Mâncio Lima, M. Silveira et l. 1249 ••. b…ill lcin scles ensel lnlr the lns siilr to those o orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric to †olii. rchises pls sprse ciclr hirs the hirs c. ‚.  lon. s we he hrcterie b rchises ensel pbescent linr tisse coste onl one specien o this species we rerin ro escribin it s new. n eins b…ill oertel to ensel pbescent the hirs ppresse Steiropteris leprieurii ƒoo. ic. er. r. incana hrist .‰. . …ill lost lbros e…cept or costl hirs n  ew hirs on eins. hto
es €: . ‚ . Aspidium incanum hrist ƒewii : €. ‚. porni lbros. ‡istl pinne slihtl rece. †s present in …ils o pro…il pinne. „rins o pinne sbentire to crenlte. ires: €•  Meniscium serratum . ‡escr. l.  . ‚. Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, near stream rins. ires:  Š• Material examined: Mâncio Lima, A. Salino & T.E. Almeida 15014 Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in primary moist forest on terra rme. †ƒ†. „teril e…ine: †rsil”i S.R. Lowrie & B. Nelson 695 „‘ orl ‡istribtion: • oth eric. •• reiro o l J. Prado et l. 1164 (SP, UFACPZ); Rio Branco, •his riet is chrcterie b the presence o erophores on the D.C. Daly et l. 6882 E. Forero et l. 6377 „‘ ••. (NY, UFACPZ), bse o the pinne proinent sins eels insi with ciclr hirs orl ‡istribtion:  lori ntilles „esoeric n tropicl n hirs on the coste n eins b…ill o ertile lees ense ‚.Š  sbtropicl oth eric. lon septte. erophores pelie t bses o pinne. ins eels present •he onl species o Meniscium with conspicosl serrte or ncinteŒserrte pinne n istl pinne rll rece. lso istinctie  crtilinos rise lse einlet. b linr tisse rchises coste n eins b…ill pberlent linr •he specien Salino & Almeida 15014 ws cite s Thelypteris tisse n eins …ill lbros. porni lbros. Steiropteris valdepilosa †er .. ‰ee b lei — lino ‚ . ƒoweer tht species iers in hin ornish lns on the Steiropteris . hr. ic. er. ebbi  : . € . Dryopteris spornil receptcles n ertile lees pberlent on the coste n sb. Steiropteris . hr. †iol. rb. •il. •. rin . . eins b…ill the hirs ‚. Š‚.  lon. itionll this species Usually characterized by conspicuous peglike or scalelike aerophores hs  ew liner ppresse scles on the coste b…ill s. scles at pinna bases where they join the rachis, and a cartilaginous keel or bsent on coste in r. incana. intel pbescent lse eins rnnin to the bse o sinses this bsent Steiropteris sp. in soe species. •eotropicl  species in cre. ires: € ‡ . ins eels proinent  crtilinos rise lse einlet erophores Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in terra rme forests. pelie t bses o pinne ...... S. leprieurii r. incana Material examined: Mâncio Lima, A. Salino & T.E. Almeida 15024 †ƒ†. orl ‡istribtion: †ril cre. . ins eels bsent erophores sclelie t bses o pinne hrcterie b pberlent rchises the hirs c. ‚.  lon coste . ‰chises pberlent the hirs c. ‚.  lon coste b…ill b…ill with  ew ppresse scles hirs c. ‚.  lon interi…e with ew ppresse scles ensel hir the hirs c. ‚.  lon with hirs ‚.  lon n ron sessile ornish to reish lns interi…e with hirs ‚.  lon n ron sessile ornish to linr tisse b…ill ensel lnlr the lns ron sessile ornish reish lns ...... Steiropteris sp. to reish lso with whitish ciclr hirs c. ‚.  lon. erophores sclelie t bses o pinne. ins eels bsent oten intel pbescent . ‰chises ensel lnlr the lns stipitte c. ‚.‚  lon pseoein. etiole with erophores becoin stot wine spines. coste b…ill lcin scles ensel lnlr with lns Salino & Almeida 15024 (BHCB) was identied by lei — lino siilr to those o the rchises lso with sprse ciclr hirs c. ‚  s Thelypteris comosa .. „orton .. „orton n cite s  new ‚.  lon ...... Steiropteris . decussata recor or the cre. ‹t oes not howeer ree with the circscription o tht species ien b ith  ‚ . Steiropteris comosa iers Steiropteris . decussata “. .‰. . hto
es €: . ‚ . in rchises pbescent b…ill hirs ‚. Š‚.  n  ew to   Polypodium decussatum “. : ‚ . € . s. pberlent the hirs c. ‚.  in Steiropteris sp.  inent on coste ires:   † b…ill o oertel ense to ense sprein soeties septte hirs ostl Š  s. coste b…ill with ew ppresse scles ensel Habit/Habitat: Herb; terrestrial in forest on terra rme, on steep slopes. hir the hirs c. ‚.  lon interi…e with hirs ‚.  lon n „teril e…ine: ‰ories les J. Prado et l. 1370 (SP, UFACPZ). ron sessile lns the lns ron sessile ornish to reish n orl ‡istribtion: †ril cre. costl scles lcin s. costl scles present n ppresse. •his plnt hrcterie b rchises ensel lnlr the lns stipitte c.  represent  new species bt we rerin ro escribin it becse ‚.‚  lon coste b…ill ensel lnlr the lns siilr to we he onl one specien. those o rchises pls sprse ciclr hirs the hirs c. ‚.  lon linr tisse b…ill lbros or rrel with  er ew sprse ciclr TAXA CITED FOR ACRE BUT NOT CONFIRMED BY US: hirs the hirs c. ‚.  lon n sprse sessile reish to ornish orce:
llr  inisch  ron lns. erophores sclelie t bses o pinne. ins eels bsent. Lycopodiella longipes  oo.  re. olb: Marinho 76   etioles with liner striht or tortos erophores. Hoehne 4027, 4028  . This gathering was previously identied as Thelypteris decussata r. Pseudolycopodiella contexta rt. olb: Monteiro & Damião decussata b ro — „orn ‚‚ . †t r. decussata iers b the 254  . ollowin chrcters: ‰chises pbescent or lbrescent b…ill hirs Pseudolycopodiella paradoxa rt. olb: Hoehne 4026  . ostl ‚. Š‚.  s. rchises ensel lnlr the lns stipitte c. orce: lei  lino   http://….oi.or/ ‚.  ‚/ € Œ‚ Œ†•Œ‚ €Œ‚ http://www.scielo.br/bn  Biota Neotrop. € : e • ‚ 

ro . et l.

Cyathea subincisa †n‡e ˆoin: A. Salino & T.E. Almeida 15008 Conicts of interest … ‰… . Cyclodium trianae ett. .. .: T.E. Almeida & A. Salino 2561 The authors declare that they have no conict of interest related to the … ‰… . pblic
tion o this 
nscript. Hypoderris brauniana  . †rst. Š.. n  ‰hristenh.: T.E. Almeida & A. Salino 2578 … ‰… . References

•‰€  .‰.  …•€ƒ‘ .  . hirteen new recors o erns ro •r
il. Final remarks •ioiersit
t
’orn
l : e . This is the rst fern and lycophyte ora published for a state in •‰€  .‰.• HENNEQUIN ….• …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž •.• …€• .Ž.• •€… ‡onin …r‡il. Šor this reson we cnnot copre the nber o‹ ’..ƒ.• Ž••‘ .’.• Ž‘€‰ ‹.  …•€ƒ‘ . “. ow
rs
phloenetic eneric cl
ssiic
tion o helpteri
ce
e: ition
l s
plin species in Acre to nearby states. Peru, however, is adjacent to Acre and has sests
lter
tions o neotropic
l t


n rther st o p
leotropic
l ener
. a published ora available (Œr•on  tol‡e ‚‚b ‚‚  ‚‚• ‚‚€Ž olec. hloen. ‰ol. : “‡. ith ‚‚ . Œhree eprtents o‹ er ner the borer o‹ …r‡il shre •Ž€‘ƒ ‰.‚.  „•‘Ž .  . he lie histor o Vittaria lineata. e.  siilr toporph• n eettion with cre n ths re coprble. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 185−220. These departments are Loreto, Ucayali, and Madre de Díos. Loreto, with  Š”Ž ‰ƒ… ‚.‚.• TUOMISTO •.  •‰•‘ƒ‰ƒ …. “. ƒewl iscoere n re o‹    , has 252 species (8 endemics); Ucayali with iersit in the tropic
l ern ens Metaxya b
se on orpholo
n olecl
r    , has 105 species (6 endemics), and Madre de Díos with phloenetic
n
lses. ‹ew •ll. ‡:  . €€  hs ‚ species  eneics . Œhe• re locli‡e on the est Š••Šƒ‰ •.. . ‚eooroloi
o est
o o cre p. “ “. Š.. ank of the Andes, up to 1,800 m in a region called by Œr•on  tol‡e DE SOUSA; E.A. DE ARAÚJO; M. DA FONSECA; S.T. MEDEIROS & A.  ‚‚€
s ont

erns. he st
te o cre h
s
n
re
o    DE ARAÚJO MAGALHÃES (Orgs.), Livro Temático II: recursos naturais ostl o the terr
in belon to lower ele
tions 
rin between   € ˆ ‚eoloi
‚eooroloi
e …olos o cre. ‰… cre Žio •r
nco. 
n bec
se this h
s s
ller iersit  species
n no eneic CHRISTENHUSZ .’.• ZHANG –.ˆŠ.  …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž •. .  line
r species. his sit
tion is tpic
l or the low ele
tions in 
on
s seŒence or et
nt 
ilies
n ener
o erns
n lcophtes. htot


lre
 coente b ron  ron  .  : ‡ . r
o  or
n   pblishe
preliin
r checlist o the erns ‰•€•Ž .• IWATSUKI ‹.• €‘ .• HENNEQUIN ….  DUBUISSON
n lcophtes o cre. he present p
per represents the secon step ’ˆ„. ‡.  lob
l olecl
r phloen o the ern ens Trichomanes ierin ro the e
rlier wor b its present
tion o t
onoic tre
tents •enophll
ce
e with speci
l reerence to ste
n
to. •ot. ’. •inn. illstr
tions or
lost
ll species
n es. espite these two wors …oc.  : ‡. cre
lost cert
inl h
rbors nrecore species o erns
n lcophtes. GONZALES Ž.’.  ‹‰……•‰Ž . .  snopsis o the neotropic
l species o €n the coin e
rs
ition
l species o both rops will be on
s Sticherus ‚leicheni
ce
e with escriptions o nine new species. htot

ore inesti
tions
re 
e. he present p
per will help those who
re :  . working on this Flora, as well as on other oras in the Brazilian Amazon, ’‰Ž„, A.C. 1990. Selaginellaceae. In: KRAMER, K.U. & GREEN, P.S. (Eds), since the species tre
te here occr wiel in the reion. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Vol. I. In: KUBITZKI, K. (Ed.), The Families
n ‚ener
o •
scl
r l
nts. …prinerˆ•erl
 •erlin  . oi: .‡/ ‡ˆ ˆ““ˆ“ ˆ —. Acknowledgments ••€‹ .•.• SUNDUE .• ROUHAN ‚.• •ƒ‹… ’.‚.• €Š‹‰• ’..  This paper is a result of the project Mobilizing Taxonomic Specialists: ‘Žƒ Ž.Š. 
. hloen
n historic
l bioeor
ph o the l
streopsi The State of Acre, founded by Benecia Foundation. This is a collaborative erns  ropteri
ce
e. er. ’. •ot. : ‡. project between the Federal University of Acre (UFAC) and The New York ••€‹ .•.• . SUNDUE• ‚. ROUHAN  Ž.Š. ‘Žƒ.  b. ƒew •ot
nic
l ‚
ren ƒ„. …eer
l speci
lists were inite to contribte or cobin
tions in Lastreopsis
n Parapolystichum  ropteri
ce
e. •rittoni
erns
n lcophtes. †e th
n ol
s
l ƒ„
n 
rcos …ileir
““: ‡ “. (UFAC) for the invitation to participate. We thank John Mitchell, Director ••€‹ .•.• €Š‹‰• ’..  •ƒ‹… ’.‚.  . olecl
r phloen
n of the Benecia Foundation, for his nancial support. Alan Smith (UC) ch
r
cter eoltion o nei
ce
e …chi
e
les. 
on “ :   . oi. or/.‡ /“ “. helped with the identication of Steiropteris
. decussata, Steriopteris sp.
n iproeents to the tet in ener
l. nnonos reiewers or •‰•ƒ‰Ž . “.  snopsis o the einsi
te species o Cyathea Š
the
ce
eˆ their corrections and suggestions to the MS. The rst author thanks CNPq olpoiopsi
 with bipinn
teˆpinn
tii or ore cople rons with
reision o the C. lasiosora cople. htot

 :  . for providing funds to develop this project (CNPq Proc. ns. 303867/2004-3
n  ‡/ˆ 
n
is ereir
‚oes 
…il
‰ilson Šonselo €Š‹‰• ’.. “. Anemia nei
ce
e lor
ƒeotropic
onor
ph no. . he ƒew „or •ot
nic
l ‚
ren ƒew „or. de Oliveira, and José Ribamar Bandeira for help with eldwork in Acre. he
thors
lso th
n ‹lei …os
or prep
rin the illstr
tions. €Š‹‰• ’..  …€• .Ž.  . he pteriophtes o eico. e. ƒew „or •ot. ‚
r. :  . Author Contributions €Š‹‰• ’..• …€• .Ž.  •• ‰…€ƒ‘ €..  . Selaginella. €n: €Š‹‰• ’..  …€• .Ž. he teriophtes o eico. e. ƒew „or •ot. ‚
r. Jefferson Prado: Substantial contribution in the eldwork; contribution : “. to the
cŒisition o 
t
•
n
lsis
n interpret
tion o 
t
• 
nscript ‘Žƒ Ž.Š.  ‡. onor
ph o the neotropic
l ern ens Polybotrya prep
r
tion
n correction o the ….  ropteri
ce
e. •ll. €ll. ƒ
t. •ist. …r. :  . Žein
„oshie •ir
i: …bst
nti
l contribtion in
n
lsis
n interpret
tion ‘Žƒ Ž.Š. . onor
ph o the neotropic
l species o Lomariopsis o 
t
• 
nscript prep
r
tion
n correction o the …. •o
riopsi
ce
e. •rittoni
: . Žobbin Šr
i or
n: …bst
nti
l contribtion in
n
lsis
n ‘Žƒ Ž. Š.• ••€‹ .•.  SUNDUE . 
. hloen
n ch
r
cter interpret
tion o 
t
• 
nscript prep
r
tion
n correction o the …. eoltion in bolbitioi erns  ropteri
ce
e. €nt. ’. l. …ci. ‡: ‡ . http://www.scielo.br/bn http://ƒ.oi.or/ . ‚ / „ „…„ „ • ‚ Biota Neotrop. ‡ : e‡ “ ‡

erns
n lcophtes o cre

‘Žƒ Ž. Š.• ••€‹ .•.  SUNDUE . b. …nopsis o Mickelia oer
ll rel
tionships
n the
inities o preiosl ns
ple ener
. olec.
newl reconie ens o bolbitioi erns  ropteri
ce
e. •rittoni
hloen. ‰ol. : ‡ . “: ‡ “. …€••‰€Ž, M. 2003. Estudos botânicos no Acre: história, resultados e impactos MURAKAMI ƒ.  ‘Žƒ Ž.Š.  . onor
ph o the neotropic
l species nas políticas públicas. Pp. 209–212. In: JARDIM, M.A.G., BASTOS, M.N.C. o Asplenium sect. Hymenasplenium spleni
ce
e. nn. issori •ot. & SANTOS, J.U.M. (Eds.), Desafios da Botânica brasileira no novo milênio: ‚
r. :  . inventário, sistematização e conservação da diversidade vegetal. SBB, UFPA, „ƒ……‰ƒ Š..• •…Š‘ .• ‘Žƒ Ž.Š.• …„••‰…Ž‰ •.….  ROUHAN ‰‚ ‰•Ž •el™. ‚. “. esophlebi
ce
e
n Desmophlebium:  new 
il
n ens o …€• .Ž.  . 
ono o Steiropteris sbens Steiropteris inclin ‰polpo €€ erns. 
on “ :   . Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot 76: 1–38. ƒ€ ’.  ‰… .’.  . •eiˆepiphtis in Vandenboschia collariata …€• .Ž.  “. Žeision o the neotropic
l ern ens Cyclodium. er. ern •enophll
ce
e. •rittoni
“:  ‡. ’. ‡“: “ . ˜••‚Ž •.  †€ƒ €…Š• .‚. “. •copoi
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e in •r
il: Šonspects …€•, A.R. 1992. Theypteridaceae. In: TRYON, R.M. & STOLZE, R.G. (Ed.), o the 
il €€. he ener
Lycopodiella, Palhinhaea
n Pseudolycopodiella. teriopht
o er 
rt €€€. ieli
n
•ot. n.s.  : . Žori™si
“‡: “ ‡ . …€• .Ž.• ‹Ž‰€‰Ž •.ˆ.• HAUFLER Š.•.• Žƒ‹‰Ž ..  …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž €Š•€ …‰Ž‘••€ Ž.‰.‚.  “. thors o scientiic n
es in teriopht
. •. “. Serpocaulon olpoi
ce
e
new ens sere
te ro Polypodium. Žo
l •ot
nic ‚
rens ‹ew. 
on :   . ‚ € “.  conitˆerie cl
ssiic
tion or et
nt lcophtes
n erns. Ž„‘ƒ Ž..  Ž„‘ƒ ..  . erns
n llie l
nts with …peci
l Žeerence ’. …st.  ‰ol. : “ “ . to ropic
l eric
. …prinerˆ•erl
 ƒew „or. Ž ‘ .‰.  ‚€••… .‰.  . 
tterns o species istribtion in r se
son
l Ž„‘ƒ Ž..  STOLZE Ž.‚.  
. teriopht
o er 
rt  . orest o …oth eric
. nn. issori •ot. ‚
r. :  ‡.
phiolosscee. thecee. iel in ot. n. s.  : iii  . Ž ‘ ’.  •‰••€ƒ‚‰Ž .•. . Adiantum argutum
n nreconie species 
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l species o 
 ..  STOLZE .. . teri opht o er rt € •. Triplophyllum ect
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ce
e. •rittoni
“:   . ropteri cee. iel in ot. n. s. •: iii  •‚. Ž ‘ ’.  ‘Žƒ Ž.Š.  . Šheclist o the erns
n lcophtes o cre 
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te •r
il. ern ‚
. :  “ . olpo icee. iel in ot. n. s. •: iii  •‚. Ž ‘ ’.  †€ƒ €…Š• .‚. . he ens Pteris •. teri
ce
e in •r
il. 
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ce
e €ƒ„ …†
.ƒ. . †elinellcee. p.‚. n: lor o orth ƒ‡eric
n oerlooe species
n
e or the species o Dryopteris in •r
il. … itoril o‡‡ittee ˆ… s.‰ lor o orth ƒ‡eric orth o eŠico. €ol. . •rittoni
““:  “. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York. Ž ‘ ’.• …„••‰…Ž‰ •.….• ••€‹ .•.• †€ƒ €…Š• .‚.• …•€ƒ‘ €ƒ„ …†
.ƒ.  . Selaginella boomii ˆ†elinellcee  „copo iopht‰: .• •ŽŽ‘… €.Š.•.• •€Ž€ Ž.„.• •‰€  .‰.• …ƒ€‚‘ .Š..• ƒ new n wi el istribte spi‹e‡oss ro‡ †oth ƒ‡eric. rittoni. ‚•: KIELING-RUBIO ..• ‰Ž‰€Ž ..ƒ.• ˜••‚Ž •.• Ž‘… Š.‚.•.• . €Š‹‰• ’..• €Ž€Š• •..‘.• „ƒ……‰ƒ Š..• SCHWARTSBURD €ƒ„ …†
.ƒ.  b. oŒelties in Selaginella ˆ†elinellcee  „copo iopht‰ .•.• Š‘ƒ Š‹ ’..….• ‰Ž‰€Ž ’.•.….  ‘… .•.  . iersit with e‡phsis on r•ilin species. htoŽes •: . oi:  .•/ o erns
n lcophtes in •r
il. Žori™si
““: ‡  . phto‹es.•.‚ Ž€Š‰ .‚.   . Pecluma
new ern ens. er. ern ’. ‡ :  “. €ƒ„ …†
.ƒ.• •…… .• †ƒ„
ƒ.• ‘…†’…
„.ƒ.ƒ.  Ž„‰Ž ‹..• HUIET •.• •€ .ˆ†.• Ž‘•‰•… Š.’.  SCHUETTPELZ ‰. “. … ƒ„„
† “.  . †eŒen new species o Selaginella sb. Stachygynandrum 
ienh
ir erns Adiantum
re inee onophletic
n sister to shoestrin ˆ†elinellcee‰ ro‡ r•il n new snon‡s or the ens. htoŽes  : erns itt
riois teri
ce
e. …st. •ot. : ‡ . ‚. oi:  .•/phto‹es. .• …•€ƒ‘ .• •‰€  .‰.• …€• .Ž.• GÓMEZ .ƒ.• ‹Ž‰€‰Ž •.ˆ.  ZHANG „.’ .  ZHANG „.  . i ‡ochlencee: ƒ new ern ‡il o …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž •. .  new species o Microgramma olpoi
ce
e ro epolpo s  ˆolpo iles‰. Šon ‚: •. •r
il
n reˆcircscription o the ens b
se on phloenetic eience. ZHANG „.• SCHUETTPELZ ….• 
• …„† .“.• ZHOU ”’.• ƒ
”’ . …st. •ot. : “ “ .  ZHANG „’ .  ‚. irc‡scription n phloen o the ern ‡il …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž •.• …€• .Ž.• ŠŽƒ€•• Ž.• •€• ‰•Žƒ .’.• HAUFLER ectricee bse on plsti n ncler ‡r‹ers with the escription o two Š.•.  Žƒ‹‰Ž, T.A. 2004. Unraveling the phylogeny of polygrammoid ferns new ener: Draconopteris n Malailix ˆectrice‰. Šon ‚: ••. olpoi
ce
e
n ‚r
iti
ce
e: eplorin
spects o the iersiic
tion • †• .. •. ƒ i–—es o inŒent˜rio s pteri ™its o ƒcre. r e o epiphtic pl
nts. olec. hloen. ‰ol. :  “ . :  . SCHUETTPELZ ‰.• Š•‰ƒ Šˆ†.• ‹‰……•‰Ž .• €ƒ…‘ƒ ’.•.• ’‘•ƒ…‘ƒ ‚.• •€• .• Š‘Š•Žƒ ..• HUIET •.  Ž„‰Ž ‹.. “.  reise eneric cl
ssiic
tion o itt
rioi erns teri
ce
e b
se on olecl
r Received: 02/05/2017 icroorpholoic
l
n eor
phic 
t
. 
on “ : ‡‡. Revised: 18/08/2017 SCHUETTPELZ ‰.• …Š•ƒ‰€ ‰Ž •.• HUIET •.• †€ƒ • . .  Ž„‰Ž Accepted: 22/09/2017 ‹.. ‡.  olecl
r phloen o the ern 
il teri
ce
e: ssessin Published online: 17/11/2017

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