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Journal of Geology, Geography And ISSN 2617-2909 (print) Journal of Geology, ISSN 2617-2119 (online) Geography and Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology Geology, 29(3), 512–519. Journal home page: geology-dnu-dp.ua doi: 10.15421/112046 Natalia F. Habchak, Lidiya F. Dubis Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 29 (3), 512–519. Prospects for the development of transport network in Transcarpathia within cross-border territories with EU countries Natalia F. Habchak1, Lidiya F. Dubis2,3 1State High Educational Institution «Uzhhorod National University», Uzhhorod, Ukraine [email protected] 2The John Paul II Catholic University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland 3 Lviv National University named by I. Franko, Lviv, Ukraine [email protected] Received: 16.02.2020 Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the transport network development in Received in revised form: 08.03.2020 Transcarpathia along the border with the EU neighboring countries. The historical stages Accepted: 15.05.2020 of the Transcarpathian transport network formation are considered. The main criteria for evaluation and conformity of the transport network in Ukraine have been determined in accordance with European standards. A number of legislative, regulatory, strategic and programme documents covering the development of the national transport network and border infrastructure within the study area are analyzed. The main factors proving the foreign economic activity of the Transcarpathian region towards the EU market are considered and highlighted. The capacity of transit through Ukraine and Transcarpathia within the cross-border territories are revealed. The necessity of the transport network construction is considered due to the fact that the number of passengers and cargo flows on the state border is increasing. It is described, for example, the capacity of rail and road transport across the border of Ukraine and the borders of neighbouring countries , in particular: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania. It is statistically concluded that the most congested is the Ukrainian-Hungarian border area. The main obstacles to the effective implementation of transport and transit work in the study area are identified and possible solution is proposed involving reconstruction of old units and construction of new checkpoints on the border area of Transcarpathia and its neighbouring countries. The dimensional picture of the border areas is presented: Ukraine - Poland; Ukraine - Slovakia; Ukraine - Hungary; Ukraine - Romania. Within each part the natural resource potential, transport load, features of tourism development, necessity for development and the existing transport network modernization are characterized. Suggestions for construction the new checkpoints as well as their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and discussed. The priorities of Ukrainian state policy, Transcarpathia as well as the priorities of neighbouring countries in the development of the national transport network within the cross-border territories have been determined. Key words: national transport network, integration, foreign economic activity, passenger and cargo flows, checkpoints, cross-border territories Перспективи розбудови транспортної мережі Закарпатської області в межах транскор- донних територій з країнами ЄС Н.Ф. Габчак1, Л.Ф. Дубіс2,3 1ДВНЗ «Ужгородський національний університет», м. Ужгород, Україна, [email protected] 2.Люблінський католицький університет Івана Павла ІІ, Люблін, Польща 3.Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, Львів, Україна [email protected] Анотація. Стаття присвячена дослідженню питань розбудови транспортної мережі Закарпатської області вздовж кордону з країнами-сусідами ЄС. Розглянуто історичні етапи формування транспортної мережі Закарпатської області. Визначено основні критерії оцінки та відповідності транспортної мережі України європейським стандартам. Проаналізовано низку законодавчих, нормативно-правових, стратегічних та програмних документів, що регулюють розвиток національної транспортної мережі та прикордонної інфраструктури в межах території дослідження. Розглянуто та виокремлено основні чинники, які доводять, що зовнішньоекономічна діяльність Закарпатської області повністю зорієнтована на ринок ЄС. Розкрито суть та потенціал транзитності території України та Закарпатської області в межах транскордонних територій. Вказано на необхідність розбу- дови транспортної мережі, оскільки навантаження пасажиро- та вантажопотоків на ділянках державного кордону зростає. Наведено, як приклад, пропускну спроможність залізничного та автомобільного транспорту через кордон України та її сусідів, зокрема: Польщі, Словаччини, Угорщини, Румунії. Статистично доведено, що найбільш завантаженою є українсько-угорська 512 Natalia F. Habchak, Lidiya F. Dubis Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 29(3), 512–519. ділянка кордону. Визначено основні проблеми, що перешкоджають ефективній реалізації транспортно-транзитних функцій території дослідження та запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення за рахунок реконструкції старих та побудови нових пунктів- пропуску на ділянці кордону Закарпатської області та її країн-сусідів. Подано просторову картину прикордонних територій: Україна – Польща; Україна – Словаччина; Україна – Угорщина; Україна – Румунія. В межах кожної території охарактеризо- вано природно-ресурсний потенціал, транспортне навантаження, особливості розвитку туризму, необхідність розбудови та модернізації наявної транспортної мережі. Подано пропозиції побудови нових пунктів-пропуску, виділено їхні слабкі та сильні сторони. Визначено пріоритети державної політики України, Закарпатської області та її країн-сусідів в розвитку національної транспортної мережі в межах транскордонних територій. Ключові слова: національна транспортна мережа, інтеграція, зовнішньоекономічна діяльність, пасажиро- та вантажопотоки, пункти-пропуску, транскордонні території Introduction. The transport network of any country, tries and Transcarpathia region is among them. Lately state or region plays a key role in the development the researchers focus their attention on the role of the of its economy. It is a significant source of the state border transport infrastructure of the PMU in tourism budget replenishment; the transport network provides development (Bordun and Kotik, 2010). Despite the domestic and international transfer of goods and amount of scientific publications in the Ukrainian sci- passengers. In fact, the transport network provides entific literature there is still no thorough assessment links between production and consumption, among of the existing transboundary transport infrastructure different branches of the economy, among countries of Transcarpathia region and its perspectives. and regions. The research methods. The national legislation of Transcarpathia is a part of the Carpathian region Ukraine about the development of transport and border of Ukraine, and makes so called «western gate» into infrastructure, construction of checkpoint network the EU countries, as a result its transport network was analyzed during the research; legislative support faces more and more congestion; besides it provides for the development of transport networks in the EU transport and economic links within the cross border and the national strategies of the Thranscarpathian territories. The integration of Ukraine and its regions neighboring countries, in particular: Poland, into the European and world economy will be success- Slovakia, Hungary and Romania regarding the spatial ful due to the existence of highly developed transport development of border areas. network. It must comply with international standards The provisions on the development of the border of legal, technical, economic and information base. and transport infrastructure in Ukraine, which are The criteria for its characteristics are the intensity of covered in the national transport strategy of Ukraine traffic, amount of cargo and passenger transportation, for the period up to 2030 are studied as well as two safety, the quality of the transport network in com- important programs, in particular: the Program pliance with European standards. It is this range of on the development of the border infrastructure in issues that prompts research into the development of Transcarpathia for 2018-2022 and the Regional the national transport network in Transcarpathia and program of the road development for 2019- 2022 its integration into EU transport networks. years. There are many Ukrainian scientists who dealt The following methodology was used in the with the issue of cross-border transport infrastruc- study: method of analysis and synthesis, historical, ture and its role in accelerating Ukraine›s integration statistical and comparative analysis. into the EU. For instance, the works by M.L. Tsy- Outcome and its analysis. Transcarpathia is a unique, haniuk, I.H. Smirnov (2015), V.V. Goblik (2013), western region of Ukraine bordering with four EU I.G. Smirnova (2012), I.G. Smirnova, T.V. Kosareva countries (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania) (2008) and others are devoted to the formation of with a border length of 470 km. The cross-border lo- transport and logistics clusters (TLCs) as one of the cation of the region creates additional opportunities main components of the transport and logistics sys- to make effective use of the transit potential and its tem (TLS); the works by I.G. Smirnova (2007, 2004), development for entering the European markets for A.M. Novikova (2003), O.B. Bordun (2003) and oth- goods and services through enhanced interaction and ers – to the
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