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Природнi Лiси Українських Карпат Natural Forests Of

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Природнi Лiси Українських Карпат Natural Forests Of Фонд Всесвітній фонд Міхаеля Зуккова природи Michael Succow World Wide Fund Foundation for Nature ПрироднI лIси Українських карПат NATURAL FORESTS OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS карти і атласи львів-2018 УДК 911.2:581.9(477:292.452) Природні ліси Українських Карпат / Ред. А. Смалійчук та У. Гребенер – Львів: Карти і Атласи, 2018. – 104 с. A. Smaliychuk & U. Gräbener (Eds) 2018. Natural forests of Ukrainian Carpathians. Carty i Atlasy, Lviv. 104 p. (in Ukrainian). Автори текстів: Улі Гребенер, Ганс Дітер Кнапп, Богдан Проць, Анатолій Смалійчук, Роман Волосянчук. Автори фотографій: Михайло Богомаз, Гартмут Мюллер, Маттіас Шікгофер, Володимир Савчин, Андрій Юзик, Олександр Ярош, Роман Лазарович, Анатолій Смалійчук, Василь Покиньчереда. Детальніше див. на сторінці 103. Карти: Анатолій Смалійчук Дизайн: Ігор Дикий Редактори: Анатолій Смалійчук, Улі Гребенер Наукові рецензенти: проф., д-р Ганс Дітер Кнапп, к.с.-г.н., доц. Микола Чернявський, к.б.н., с.н.с. Богдан Проць Text authors: Uli Gräbener, Hans Dieter Knapp, Bohdan Prots, Anatoliy Smaliychuk, Roman Volosyanchuk. Picture authors: Mykhailo Bogomaz, Hartmut Müller, Matthias Schickhofer, Volodymyr Savchyn, Andriy Yuzyk, Oleksandr Yarosh, Roman Lazarovich, Anatoliy Smaliychuk, Vasyl Pokynchereda. For more details see page 103. Maps: Anatoliy Smaliychuk Design: Ihor Dykyi Editors: Anatoliy Smaliychuk, Uli Gräbener Scientific eviewr ers: Prof. Dr. Hans Dieter Knapp, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mykola Chernyavskyi, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bohdan Prots Фінансова підтримка проекту здійснюється Федеральним міністерством навколишнього се- редовища, охорони природи та безпеки ядерних реакторів (BMU) в рамках Програми консуль- таційної допомоги для охорони навколишнього середовища (AAP) в країнах Центральної та Східної Європи, Кавказу та Центральної Азії, а також в інших країнах, розташованих по сусідству з Європейським Союзом. Проект реалізується за сприяння Федерального відомства з охорони природи (BfN) і Федерального агенства з навколишнього середовища Німеччини (UBA). Відповідальність за зміст публікації несуть її автори. This publication is funded by the German Federal Environment Ministry’s Advisory Assistance Programme (AAP) for environmental protection in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia and other countries neighbouring the European Union. It is supervised by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) and the German Environment Agency (UBA). The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. Зміст ВСтУП ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 ПеРеДмоВА ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 I. УКРАїНСьКі КАРПАти – РеГіоН ДиВоВижНої ПРиРоДи тА біоРізНомАНіття В ЄВРоПі – А. Смалійчук - КАРПАтСьКий еКоРеГіоН тА УКРАїНСьКі КАРПАти .................................................................. 8 - РеЛьЄФ тА ГеоЛоГіЧНА бУДоВА ......................................................................................................... 8 - КЛімАт і ГіДРоЛоГіЧНА меРежА ..................................................................................................... 10 - ҐРУНти ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 - РоСЛиННіСть ............................................................................................................................................. 12 - іСтоРія ГоСПоДАРСьКоГо оСВоЄННя ........................................................................................ 14 - еКоРеГіоНи ................................................................................................................................................. 16 II. ВАжЛиВіСть і зНАЧеННя СтАРоВіКоВих ЛіСіВ тА ПРАЛіСіВ – Г. Кнапп .......................... 18 - ФУНКЦії тА РізНомАНіття ................................................................................................................... 18 - іСтоРія ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 - зАГРози СьоГоДеННя ........................................................................................................................... 20 - ЄВРоПейСьКі ЛіСи яК ВСеСВітНя ПРиРоДНА СПАДщиНА ............................................... 20 - ВиКЛиКи тА бАЧеННя мАйбУтНьоГо .......................................................................................... 22 Iіі. іСтоРія ДоСЛіДжеНь тА збеРежеННя СтАРоВіКоВих ЛіСіВ і ПРАЛіСіВ В УКРАїНСьКих КАРПАтАх – Б. Проць - СтАНоВЛеННя ПРиРоДоохоРоННої СПРАВи ........................................................................ 24 - ПеРіоД АВСтРо-УГоРСьКої імПеРїї ................................................................................................ 24 - РАДяНСьКий ПеРіоД .............................................................................................................................. 26 - охоРоНА ПРАЛіСіВ В НезАЛежНій УКРАїНі ............................................................................... 28 - міжНАРоДНА СПіВПРАЦя По ВиВЧеННЮ тА збеРежеННЮ КАРПАтСьКих ПРАЛіСіВ ........................................................................................................................... 30 IV. ПРАВоВий СтАтУС тА КРитеРії ДЛя ВиДіЛеННя СтАРоВіКоВих ЛіСіВ тА ПРАЛіСіВ В УКРАїНі – Р. Волосянчук - ВизНАЧеННя СтАРоВіКоВих тА ПеРВиННих ЛіСіВ (“ПРАЛіСіВ”) .................................... 32 - метоДиКА іДеНтиФіКАЦії СтАРоВіКоВих ЛіСіВ тА ПРАЛіСіВ ......................................... 32 V. іДеНтиФіКоВАНі КЛАСтеРи ПРиРоДНих ЛіСіВ В УКРАїНСьКих КАРПАтАх – А. Смалійчук ...................................................................................... 40 VI. ЛітеРАтУРА ...................................................................................................................................................... 98 ПоДяКА ........................................................................................................................................................... 102 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 5 FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 I. UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS – A REGION OF OUTSTANDING NATURE AND BIODIVERSITY IN EUROPE – A. Smaliychuk - CARPATHIAN ECOREGION AND THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS ............................................... 9 - RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE................................................................................................. 9 - CLIMATE AND HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK ......................................................................................... 9 - SOILS ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 - VEGETATION .................................................................................................................................................. 13 - HISTORY OF LANDSCAPE ALTERNATIONS ........................................................................................ 15 - ECOREGIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 17 II. IMPORTANCE AND VALUES OF OLD-GROWTH AND VIRGIN FORESTS – H. Knapp - FUNCTIONS & DIVERSITY ......................................................................................................................... 19 - HISTORY .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 - CURRENT THREATS ..................................................................................................................................... 21 - EUROPEAN FORESTS AS WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE ................................................................ 21 - CHALLENGE & VISION FOR FUTURE .................................................................................................... 23 Iіі. HISTORY OF RESEARCH AND PROTECTION OF OLD-GROWTH AND VIRGIN FORESTS IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS – B. Prots - ORIGIN OF NATURE PROTECTION ........................................................................................................ 25 - PERIOD OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE ....................................................................................... 25 - SOVIET PERIOD ............................................................................................................................................ 27 - VIRGIN FOREST PROTECTION IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE ........................................................ 29 - INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON CARPATHIAN VIRGIN FOREST RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION ..................................................................................................................................... 31 IV. LEGAL STATUS AND CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF OLD-GROWTH AND VIRGIN FORESTS IN UKRAINE – R. Volosyanchuk - DEFINING OLD-GROWTH
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