Farouk El-Baz Papers, 1927-2012
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Using Earth Observation Data to Improve Health in the United States Accomplishments and Future Challenges
a report of the csis technology and public policy program Using Earth Observation Data to Improve Health in the United States accomplishments and future challenges 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Author E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Lyn D. Wigbels September 2011 ISBN 978-0-89206-668-1 Ë|xHSKITCy066681zv*:+:!:+:! a report of the csis technology and public policy program Using Earth Observation Data to Improve Health in the United States accomplishments and future challenges Author Lyn D. Wigbels September 2011 About CSIS At a time of new global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to decisionmakers in government, international institutions, the private sector, and civil society. A bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., CSIS conducts research and analysis and devel- ops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways for America to sustain its prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent international policy institutions, with more than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focused on defense and security, regional stability, and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global development and economic integration. Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn became chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees in 1999, and John J. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
GST Responses to “Questions to Inform Development of the National Plan”
GST Responses to “Questions to Inform Development of the National Plan” Name (optional): Dr. Darrel Williams Position (optional): Chief Scientist, (240) 542-1106; [email protected] Institution (optional): Global Science & Technology, Inc. Greenbelt, Maryland 20770 Global Science & Technology, Inc. (GST) is pleased to provide the following answers as a contribution towards OSTP’s effort to develop a national plan for civil Earth observations. In our response we provide information to support three main themes: 1. There is strong science need for high temporal resolution of moderate spatial resolution satellite earth observation that can be achieved with cost effective, innovative new approaches. 2. Operational programs need to be designed to obtain sustained climate data records. Continuity of Earth observations can be achieved through more efficient and economical means. 3. We need programs to address the integration of remotely sensed data with in situ data. GST has carefully considered these important national Earth observation issues over the past few years and has submitted the following RFI responses: The USGS RFI on Landsat Data Continuity Concepts (April 2012), NASA’s Sustainable Land Imaging Architecture RFI (September 2013), and This USGEO RFI (November 2013) relative to OSTP’s efforts to develop a national plan for civil Earth observations. In addition to the above RFI responses, GST led the development of a mature, fully compliant flight mission concept in response to NASA’s Earth Venture-2 RFP in September 2011. Our capacity to address these critical national issues resides in GST’s considerable bench strength in Earth science understanding (Drs. Darrel Williams, DeWayne Cecil, Samuel Goward, and Dixon Butler) and in NASA systems engineering and senior management oversight (Drs. -
Carbon Earth Observatory for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Robert D
Carbon Earth Observatory for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Robert D. Cormia Foothill College GHG Emissions / NET Strategies Terrestrial Options for Negative Emissions Earth System Observation Data Platform Technology (NET) The messaging from IPCC is clear; without significant and sustained • Argo • OCO-2/OCO-3 Carbon Dioxide Reduction (CDR) strategies, there is no realistic • Afforestation and reforestation, stop deforestation, • Aqua • GOSAT 2 chance of avoiding potentially disastrous climate change. increase biomass of forest and soils for decades In addition to emission reduction, “drawdown” of atmospheric • Terra • ECOSTRESS carbon dioxide must begin soon and remain in place through the • Monitor and enhance grassland productivity and • CloudSat • GEDI end of the century. There are carbon sinks in the terrestrial carbon sequestration, including hydrology • CALIPSO • LandSat biosphere that have the potential to remove gigatons of carbon Improve soil microbial activity, carbon uptake in soils, dioxide each year, for decades or more. An earth observatory • • SMAP • TROPOMI system, for analysis of carbon cycle processes throughout the userecommended management practices • ICESat-2 • GeoCARB (2022) biosphere, could help measure, inform, and optimize terrestrial • Restore wetlands and connect to ocean inlet to increase carbon sequestration projects. salinity and decrease methane emissions NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) • Enhance Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of oceans Integrated toolset to help achieve CDR Goals NASA’s Earth Observatory tools are designed for accurate and precise measurements of atmospheric gases, geometric aspects of land and biomass, and can sense biochemical changes in plants and biomass that may result from climate change. If we are to be effective in optimizing carbon dioxide reduction projects, we need an integrated data platform with both spatial and temporal resolution. -
Complete List of Contents
Complete List of Contents Volume 1 Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center ......213 Publisher’s Note ......................................................... vii Chandra X-Ray Observatory ....................................223 Introduction ................................................................. ix Clementine Mission to the Moon .............................229 Preface to the Third Edition ..................................... xiii Commercial Crewed vehicles ..................................235 Contributors ............................................................. xvii Compton Gamma Ray Observatory .........................240 List of Abbreviations ................................................. xxi Cooperation in Space: U.S. and Russian .................247 Complete List of Contents .................................... xxxiii Dawn Mission ..........................................................254 Deep Impact .............................................................259 Air Traffic Control Satellites ........................................1 Deep Space Network ................................................264 Amateur Radio Satellites .............................................6 Delta Launch Vehicles .............................................271 Ames Research Center ...............................................12 Dynamics Explorers .................................................279 Ansari X Prize ............................................................19 Early-Warning Satellites ..........................................284 -
July 2020 in This Issue Online Readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 Click on Images an Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for Hyperlinks
A publication of the Lunar Section of ALPO Edited by David Teske: [email protected] 2162 Enon Road, Louisville, Mississippi, USA Recent back issues: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html July 2020 In This Issue Online readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 click on images An Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for hyperlinks. Observations Received 4 By the Numbers 7 Submission Through the ALPO Image Achieve 4 When Submitting Observations to the ALPO Lunar Section 9 Call For Observations Focus-On 9 Focus-On Announcement 10 2020 ALPO The Walter H. Haas Observer’s Award 11 Sirsalis T, R. Hays, Jr. 12 Long Crack, R. Hill 13 Musings on Theophilus, H. Eskildsen 14 Almost Full, R. Hill 16 Northern Moon, H. Eskildsen 17 Northwest Moon and Horrebow, H. Eskildsen 18 A Bit of Thebit, R. Hill 19 Euclides D in the Landscape of the Mare Cognitum (and Two Kipukas?), A. Anunziato 20 On the South Shore, R. Hill 22 Focus On: The Lunar 100, Features 11-20, J. Hubbell 23 Recent Topographic Studies 43 Lunar Geologic Change Detection Program T. Cook 120 Key to Images in this Issue 134 These are the modern Golden Days of lunar studies in a way, with so many new resources available to lu- nar observers. Recently, we have mentioned Robert Garfinkle’s opus Luna Cognita and the new lunar map by the USGS. This month brings us the updated, 7th edition of the Virtual Moon Atlas. These are all wonderful resources for your lunar studies. -
Guide User Manual (PDF)
CONTENTS 1: 2 Installing Guide 2: 2 Getting Help 3: 3 What Guide is showing you 4: 4 Panning and zooming 5: 5 Finding objects 5a: 8 Finding stars 5b: 10 Finding galaxies 5c: 12 Finding nebulae 5d: 12 Entering coordinates 6: 13 Getting information about objects 6a: 15 Measuring angular distances on the screen 6b: 15 Quick info 7: 16 The Display menu 7a: 17 The Star Display menu 7b: 19 The Data Shown menu 7c: 21 Planet display 7d: 23 The Camera Frame menu 7e: 24 The Legend Menu 7f: 26 Measurement markings (grids, ticks, etc.) 7g: 28 Backgrounds dialog 8: 29 Changing settings 8a: 34 Location dialog 8b: 35 Inversion dialog 9: 36 Overlays menu 10: 38 User Object menu 11: 39 Telescope control 12: 42 DOS Printer setup and printing 13: 43 PostScript charts 14: 44 The time dialog 15: 46 Planetary animation and ephemeris generation 16: 50 Tables menu 17: 52 Extras menu 17a: 54 DSS/RealSky Images 17b: 56 Downloading star data from the Internet 17c: 58 Installing to the hard drive 17d: 59 Asteroid options 18: 62 Eclipses, occultations, transits 19: 63 Saving and going to marks 20: 64 User-added (.TDF) datasets 21: 65 Adding your own notes for objects 22: 66 About Guide's data 23: 67 Accessing Guide's data from your own programs 24: 68 Acknowledgments Appendices: A: 70 RA and Declination Explained B: 70 Precession and Epochs Explained C: 71 Altitude and Azimuth (Alt/Az) Explained D: 72 Troubleshooting Positions 1 E: 73 Notes on Accuracy F: 73 Adding New Comets G: 75 Astronomical Magnitudes H: 75 Copyright and Liability Notices I: 77 List of Program-Wide Hotkeys Index 79 Questions and bug reports should be sent to: Project Pluto 168 Ridge Road Bowdoinham ME 04008 Fax (207) 666 3149 Tel (207) 666 5750 Tel (800) 777 5886 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.projectpluto.com 1: HOW TO INSTALL GUIDE To install Guide, put the Guide DVD into the DVD drive. -
Interference EESS NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ITU International Satellite Symposium 2019 Bariloche, Argentina 25‐27 September 2019 Science Services and Harmful Interference Coralí Roura Senior Spectrum Regulatory and Policy Advisor NASA Headquarters 26 September 2019 James T. Higgins Arctic Slope Technical Services NASA Office Support www.nasa.gov Overview 1 Harmful Interference to Science Services 3 Worldwide Science Services Passive • What is “Harmful Interference”? Sensing Frequencies • Typical sources of interference to science 4 Worldwide Science Services Passive services Sensing Bands 2 Radio Frequency Interference to Science 5 Importance of Passive Sensing Services 6 Summary • Aqua Mission & AMSR‐E Instrument 7 Science Services: Passive and Active • Frequency bands affected by RFI on AMSR‐E Remote Sensing and AMSR2 • Video: NASA | Getting the Big Picture − RFI from Ground‐based 8 References − RFI from GSO satellite surface reflections, and direct broadcast satellites • General Impact to Measurements & Consequences of Interference • Radio Frequency Interference Mitigations 2 Harmful Interference to Science Services What is “Harmful Interference”? Typical sources of interference to science services • ITU‐R Radio Regulations Sec. 1.169 ‐ harmful • Authorized transmitters operating in shared bands interference: Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service • Unauthorized transmitters operating in the band or of other safety services or seriously • Unwanted emissions from systems operating in adjacent bands -
Aquarius User Guide
AQUARIUS USER GUIDE Aquarius Dataset Version 3.0 Guide Version: 6.0 June 2, 2014 Revision: 19 Document #s: JPL D-70012 AQ-010-UG-0008 JPL URS CL#: 14-0748 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91109-8099 California Institute of Technology © 2014 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Document Change Record Author Reason for Change Pages/paragraphs changed Date of revision Gregg Foti 1. Original Draft All 11 Aug. 2011 Chris Finch 2. Clean up section 4.2, other minor edits All 16 Sep. 2011 3. Changed footprint sizes of radiometer J. Vazquez 6,7 20 Oct 2011 and scatterometer J. Vazquez 4. Updated table on Level 3 metadata 25 Jan 2012 V. Tsontos 5. Editorial review 26 Jan 2012 6. Update of Level 2 metadata variables V. Tsontos associated with the release of version 29 16 Mar. 2012 1.2.2 of the Aquarius dataset 7. Update of Level 2 metadata variables V. Tsontos associated with the release of version 29 16 Mar. 2012 1.2.3 of the Aquarius dataset V. Tsontos 8. Added copyright information to title page 1 22 Mar. 2012 9. Updated Level 2 & 3 metadata for V. Tsontos version 1.2.3 of the Aquarius dataset. Various 29 Mar. 2012 Formatting improvements. 10. Updated Level 2 & 3 metadata for V. Tsontos Various 20 Apr. 2012 version 1.3 of the Aquarius dataset. 11. Updated Level 2 scatterometer-related descriptions based on information from Section 4.2 & associated tables V. -
Earth Observing System, Volume Iia: Data and Information System, Report of the EOS Data Panel
Publications 1986 Earth Observing System, volume IIa: Data and Information System, Report of the EOS Data Panel Raymond Arvidson Washington University Frederick Billingsley Jet Propulsion Labortory Robert Chase Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Pat Chavez Jr. United States Geological Service Michael Devirian NASA Headquarters See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Atmospheric Sciences Commons, and the Meteorology Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Arvidson, R., Billingsley, F., Chase, R., Chavez, P., Devirian, M., Mosher, F., & et al. (1986). Earth Observing System, volume IIa: Data and Information System, Report of the EOS Data Panel. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/551 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Raymond Arvidson, Frederick Billingsley, Robert Chase, Pat Chavez Jr., Michael Devirian, Frederick Mosher, and et al. This report is available at Scholarly Commons: https://commons.erau.edu/publication/551 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860021622 2017-10-09T16:01:38+00:00Z NASA-TM-87777 19860021622 Volumella EliATH []BSEAU~~IJ SYSTEr:1 LIBRARY COpy LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER LIBRARY, NASA HAMPTON. VIRGINIA REP[]RT []F THE E[]S lJfiTfi Pfi~El NAS/\ National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1986 Technical Memorandum -
Global Precipitation Measurement (Gpm) Mission
GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) MISSION Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document GPROF2017 Version 1 (used in GPM V5 processing) June 1st, 2017 Passive Microwave Algorithm Team Facility TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OBJECTIVES 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 SCOPE 1.4 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS VERSION – GPM V5 RELEASE NOTES 2.0 INSTRUMENTATION 2.1 GPM CORE SATELITE 2.1.1 GPM Microwave Imager 2.1.2 Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar 2.2 GPM CONSTELLATIONS SATELLTES 3.0 ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 3.1 ANCILLARY DATA 3.1.1 Creating the Surface Class Specification 3.1.2 Global Model Parameters 3.2 SPATIAL RESOLUTION 3.3 THE A-PRIORI DATABASES 3.3.1 Matching Sensor Tbs to the Database Profiles 3.3.2 Ancillary Data Added to the Profile Pixel 3.3.3 Final Clustering of Binned Profiles 3.3.4 Databases for Cross-Track Scanners 3.4 CHANNEL AND CHANNEL UNCERTAINTIES 3.5 PRECIPITATION PROBABILITY THRESHOLD 3.6 PRECIPITATION TYPE (Liquid vs. Frozen) DETERMINATION 4.0 ALGORITHM INFRASTRUCTURE 4.1 ALGORITHM INPUT 4.2 PROCESSING OUTLINE 4.2.1 Model Preparation 4.2.2 Preprocessor 4.2.3 GPM Rainfall Processing Algorithm - GPROF 2017 4.2.4 GPM Post-processor 4.3 PREPROCESSOR OUTPUT 4.3.1 Preprocessor Orbit Header 2 4.3.2 Preprocessor Scan Header 4.3.3 Preprocessor Data Record 4.4 GPM PRECIPITATION ALGORITHM OUTPUT 4.4.1 Orbit Header 4.4.2 Vertical Profile Structure of the Hydrometeors 4.4.3 Scan Header 4.4.4 Pixel Data 4.4.5 Orbit Header Variable Description 4.4.6 Vertical Profile Variable Description 4.4.7 Scan Variable Description 4.4.8 Pixel Data Variable Description -
Explore the Moon—Binocular
Explore the Moon (binocular version) THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA presents: Explore the Moon with binoculars photo by Ian Corbett, Liverpool, Nova Scotia an RASC observing program with certificate for beginning observers © Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 2021 workbook created by RASC Halifax Centre Explore the Moon (binocular version) Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................. 2 Introduction: Why Observe the Moon? .............................................. 3 Suggested Resources ........................................................................... 3 Planning and Observing ...................................................................... 3 Recording Observations and Applying for your Certificate ............. 5 Map ....................................................................................................... 6 Feature Index Table ............................................................................. 7 Preface The idea behind Explore the Moon (EtM) surfaced in 2011–12 during casual conversations between RASC members Dave Chapman (Halifax Centre), Patrice Scattolin (Centre francophone de Montréal), and Ted Dunphy (New Brunswick Centre). We were looking for a more elementary introduction to lunar observing than the more daunting RASC Isabel Williamson Lunar Observing Program (directed at intermediate-to- advanced observers). We also identified a general need for a beginner’s observing program one step up from the