Norwalk Community Food Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Norwalk Community Food Report January 2020 Prepared and Presented by: Fairfield University’s Center for Social Impact Norwalk Health Department Additional Data Analysis provided by: CT Food Bank Research Team: Director of Center for Social Impact: Melissa Quan Research Coordinator: Jonathan Delgado Student Researcher: Mahammad Camara ‘19 Editors: Sophia Gourgiotis Luckario Alcide Eileen Michaud Research Partners: Norwalk Health Department Health Educator: Theresa Argondezzi Food Access Project Coordinator: Pamela Flausino Melo da Silva Additional Data Resources Made Available by CT Food Bank: Jamie Foster, PhD Acknowledgments Center for Social Impact 4 Healthy for Life Project 5 Project Overview 6 How To Use This Report 7 Norwalk Food Agencies 8 Norwalk Maps And Tables Food Insecurity 9 Populations Children 12 Immigrant (Foreign Born) Population 14 Seniors 16 Single Parent/Guardian 18 Services Disability 20 Free & Reduced-Price Lunch 22 SNAP & WIC 24 Social Determinants Educational Attainment 28 Housing Burden 32 Transportation 34 Unemployment 36 Key Findings 38 Taking Action: Norwalk Food Access Initiative 39 Appendix A: Census Boundary Reference Map 41 Appendix B: Population Density Table 42 Appendix C: SNAP & WIC Retailers 43 Appendix D: SNAP & WIC Information 45 Appendix E: Data Source Tables 46 Glossary 47 References 48 TABLE OF Contents Page 3 of 50 Center for Social Impact The Center for Social Impact was founded in 2006 with the goal of integrating the Jesuit, Catholic mission of Fairfield University, which includes a commitment to service and social justice, through the academic work of teaching and research. The Center for Social Impact has three major programs: 1. Community-Engaged Learning (formerly known as Service Learning) 2. Community-Engaged Research 3. Humanitarian Action These programs integrate multi-disciplinary academic research, engaged teaching, experiential learning, events and other initiatives that address real world challenges and call committed individuals to action towards a more just and equitable world. Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) is a collaborative enterprise between academic researchers (faculty, staff, and students) and community members that both synthesize multiple sources of knowledge, through its promotion of diverse methods of discovery and dissemination of new knowledge, and embraces social action and social change as outcomes (Strand et al., 2003). Fairfield University’s CEnR focuses on engaging faculty and students in interdisciplinary research with local non-profit agencies, governments, and schools in the Greater Bridgeport Area and State of Connecticut while also supporting select regional, national, and international projects. The CEnR team at Fairfield University develops and manages community-engaged research projects, organizes learning and knowledge-sharing opportunities for community-engaged researchers, and provides strategic data analytics support for local and regional community- based organizations. Page 4 of 50 Healthy for Life Project The Healthy for Life Project (H4LP) is a coalition of organizations, agencies, and community members in the Greater Norwalk area whose mission is to reduce and prevent obesity and chronic disease by promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Convened by the Norwalk Health Department, the H4LP originated from a comprehensive community health assessment and improvement plan conducted in 2012 by the Health Department and Norwalk Hospital. In the years since the project began, initiatives have included: creating community and school- based nutrition education programs, promoting physical activity in the school day, highlighting healthy restaurants and markets, disseminating information about farmers markets, advocating for strong school district wellness policies and practices, and encouraging walking and community walking groups. H4LP members, however, have long recognized the need to address another one of the greatest drivers of obesity and chronic disease: food insecurity. The inability of our residents to access healthy food - because of cost, transportation challenges, or other barriers - impacts their ability to follow nutrition recommendations and is detrimental to their overall health and development (Gundersen et al., 2018). Therefore, the H4LP is working to engage stakeholders to better understand the strengths and gaps in the food system in Norwalk, and create a plan to address areas for improvement. For more information about the Norwalk Food Access Initiative, see page 40. Fairfield University's Center for Social Impact has been an important partner in this effort, given its experience in working with communities to gather and visualize community food access data to help quantify and frame this aspect of community health. Page 5 of 50 Project Overview Together, the H4LP and Center for Social Impact have collaborated on a project to display population distributions in relation to food insecurity in Norwalk, Connecticut. The goal for this study was to generate maps that would illustrate correlations and patterns between specific demographic identifiers in order to better understand and interpret needs and assets in Norwalk. To identify the areas being (un)met, we used Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping to visually display specific variables based on data from the 2017 American Community Survey (ACS) census data (Manson et al., 2017) and other sources. Each map helps to identify populations at risk for food insecurity, as well as programs and services offered to assist them. Research Goals The research goals of this project were to: 1. Quantify community needs and assets related to food security, in addition to broader social factors within Norwalk, CT, with specific attention to those that potentially contribute to food insecurity. 2. Identify the food insecurity rate within Norwalk, CT and identify the various populations at higher-risk. 3. Use well-established and clear research methods to map census data. 4. Generate maps that the local community and related stakeholders can use to visually understand and thus, better combat food insecurity within Norwalk, CT. Research Questions To achieve these research goals, the project explored the following questions: Populations & Programs - Which populations are at highest risk for food insecurity? - Which programs are available and easily accessible to Norwalk residents? Households that Receive SNAP & WIC Benefits - Do SNAP & WIC recipients have easy access SNAP & WIC retailers? - Are there an adequate number of retailers for the number of households who receive SNAP & WIC benefits? - Are the locations of these food agencies accessible for the Norwalk residents who need them most? Free & Reduced Price Lunch - Who uses free and reduced-price lunch and where in Norwalk do they live? Transportation - Does Norwalk offer adequate public transportation for people living near poverty or experiencing food insecurity? Page 6 of 50 How to Read the Maps Maps in this report include the following attributes, indicated in the Legend with each map. A scale bar is also provided to use as a reference for distance. Norwalk Streets: Indicates the location of Norwalk streets. Census Tracts/Neighborhoods: The thick black boundary separates Norwalk’s census tracts, which have been matched to their respective neighborhoods, with help from Norwalk ACTS. Each neighborhood is home to an average of 4000 residents. On average, the Census Tracts contain three block groups. Block Groups: The thinner boundary line that separates Norwalk block groups that make up the census tracts. Each block group is home to an average of 1265 residents. Primary Roads: Indicates location of interstate highways, main roads, state roads and federal/US roads in Norwalk. Each type is illustrated in a different color. SNAP & WIC: Food retailers that accept SNAP or both SNAP & WIC. Norwalk Agencies: Known food agencies located in Norwalk and serving Norwalk’s residents. Each one is illustrated in one of three colors based on services provided: pantry services, meal services, or both. Individual Variable Breakdowns: Each variable has a color pattern within the block group boundaries that corresponds with a population percentage range outlined in the legend. This allows you to see the variance within each neighborhood. How to Read the Data Tables The neighborhood data tables include the following columns: Neighborhood: Neighborhood name for the census tract from which the data is collected. Total: Total amount of possible units in that neighborhood dependent on the "universe" of the variable. Sometimes this includes all residents in a neighborhood, but sometimes it does not. For example, when measuring the proportion of children in a neighborhood, all residents are included in the "total," but when measuring the number of people in a neighborhood with a bachelor’s degree or higher, only residents older than age 25 are included in the "total." N: The number of units that meet the criteria of the variable calculated. In the first example above (the percentage of children), N would be anyone younger than age 18, and in the second example (education), N would be anyone with a bachelor’s degree or higher. %: The proportion of units that meet the criteria of that variable divided by the total possible units for the neighborhood. Page 7 of 50 Norwalk Food Agencies These Food Agencies had been identified as offering pantry or meal services, as of December 2019. They vary in capacity, hours of operation, and type of services