Towards a Model of Life and Cognition
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Version 2.2 Structured Psychosocial Stress and Therapeutic Intervention: Toward a Realistic Biological Medicine
Version 2.2 Structured Psychosocial Stress and Therapeutic Intervention: Toward a Realistic Biological Medicine Rodrick Wallace, Ph.D. The New York State Psychiatric Institute ∗ June 5, 2003 Abstract Using generalized ‘language of thought’ arguments appropriate to interacting cognitive modules, we explore how disease states can inter- act with medical treatment, including, but not limited to, drug ther- apy. The feedback between treatment and response creates a kind of idiotypic ‘hall of mirrors’ generating a pattern of ‘efficacy’, ‘treatment failure’, and ‘adverse reactions’ which will, from a Rate Distortion per- spective, embody a distorted image of externally-imposed structured psychosocial stress. This analysis, unlike current pharmacogenetics, does not either reify ‘race’ or blame the victim by using genetic struc- ture to place the locus-of-control within a group or individual. Rather, it suggests that a comparatively simple series of questions to identify longitudinal and cross-sectional stressors may provide more effective guidance for specification of individual medical therapy than compli- cated genotyping strategies of dubious meaning. These latter are likely ∗Address correspondence to R. Wallace, PISCS Inc., 549 W. 123 St., Suite 16F, New York, NY, 10027. Telephone (212) 865-4766, [email protected]. Affiliation is for identification only. This material has been submitted for publication and is protected by copyright. 1 to be both very expensive and utterly blind to the impact of struc- tured psychosocial stress – a euphemism -
THE PAST of a DELUSION by Warren Sturgis Mcculloch
Winter-Edition 2007 THE PAST OF A DELUSION by Warren Sturgis McCulloch Englisch Deutsch Editorial Editorial By Joachim Paul, editor of von Joachim Paul, Hrsg.: www.vordenker.de www.vordenker.de To make Warren McCulloch's essay Den aus dem Jahr 1953 stammenden Aufsatz "THE PAST OF A DELUSION" from the "THE PAST OF A DELUSION" von Warren year 1953 now available in a German McCulloch als Arbeitstext auch in deutscher translation is in need to be explained. Sprache zugänglich zu machen, bedarf einer erläuternden Anmerkung. Undoubtedly Warren Sturgis McCulloch Warren Sturgis McCulloch ist unbestritten is one of the leading scientists of the einer der wichtigsten Wissenschaftler des 20. 20th century. His influence ranges from Jahrhunderts. Sein Einfluß reicht von den the early days of the Macy-Conferences frühen Tagen der Macy-Konferenzen über das over MIT and Biological Computer Lab in MIT und das Biological Computer Lab in Urbana, Illinois to the foundation of the Urbana, Illinois, bis hin zur Gründung des renowned "Santa Fe Institute for renommierten "Santa Fe Institute for Sciences Sciences of Complexity", where one of of Complexity", zu dessen bekannteren Mitar- the more prominent collaborators was beitern der Mediziner, Biochemiker und Biophy- the physician, biochemist and biophysi- siker Stuart Kauffman gehörte, zeitweilig ein cist Stuart Kauffman, a temporary Schüler McCullochs. 1927 bis 1934, bevor disciple of McCulloch. Before McCulloch McCulloch, einer der Väter von Kybernetik und returned to the academic world and Neuroinformatik, -
Stevan Harnad 10 the Open Research
Stevan Harnad To appear in: In: Jacobs, N., Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects. Chandos. Note, final versions of figures and captions still to come, but their content and positions will be as shown here. The reference list will also be pruned, to cite or remove uncited works The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable Nigel Shadbolt, Tim Brody, Les Carr, and Stevan Harnad University of Southampton Most of this book has been about the past and the present of Open Access (OA). Let’s now take a brief glimpse at its future, for it is already within reach and almost within sight: Once the optimal and inevitable outcome for the research literature has became actual , namely, all 2.5 million of the annual articles appearing in the planet’s 24,000 peer-reviewed research journals are freely accessible online to all would-be users, then: (1) All their OAI metadata and full-texts will be harvested and reverse-indexed by services such as Google, OAIster (and new OAI/OA services), making it possible to search all and only the research literature in all disciplines using Boolean full-text search (and, or not, etc.). (2) Boolean full-text search will be augmented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) based text-analysis and classification techniques superior to human pre- classification, infinitely less time-consuming, and applied automatically to the entire OA full-text corpus. (3) Articles and portions of articles will also be classified, tagged and annotated in terms of “ontologies” (lists of the kinds of things of interest in a subject domain, their characteristics, and their relations to other things) as provided by authors, users, other authorities, or automatic AI techniques, creating the OA research subset of the “semantic web” (Berners-Lee et al. -
Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries Michael L
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Computer Science Faculty Publications Computer Science 2002 Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries Michael L. Nelson Old Dominion University B. Danette Allen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_fac_pubs Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Digital Communications and Networking Commons Repository Citation Nelson, Michael L. and Allen, B. Danette, "Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries" (2002). Computer Science Faculty Publications. 2. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_fac_pubs/2 Original Publication Citation Nelson, M.L., & Allen, B.D. (2002). Object persistence and availability in digital libraries. D-Lib Magazine, 8(1), 1-24. doi: 10.1045/ january2002-nelson This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries Search | Back Issues | Author Index | Title Index | Contents D-Lib Magazine January 2002 Volume 8 Number 1 ISSN 1082-9873 Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries Michael L. Nelson, B. Danette Allen NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681 {m.l.nelson, b.d.allen}@nasa.gov Abstract We have studied object persistence and availability of 1,000 digital library (DL) objects. Twenty World Wide Web accessible DLs were chosen and from each DL, 50 objects were chosen at random. A script checked the availability of each object three times a week for just over 1 year for a total of 161 data samples. -
Citebase Search: Autonomous Citation Database for E-Print Archives
Citebase Search: Autonomous Citation Database for e-Print Archives Citebase Search: Autonomous Citation Database for e-Print Archives Tim Brody <[email protected]> Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group University of Southampton Abstract Citebase is a culmination of the Opcit Project and the Open Archives Initiative. The Opcit Project's aim to citation-link arXiv.org was coupled with the interoperability of the OAI to develop a cross-archive search engine with the ability to harvest, parse, and link research paper bibliographies. These citation links create a classic citation database which is used to generate citation analysis and navigation over the e- print literature. Citebase is now linked from arXiv.org, alongside SLAC/SPIRES, and is integrated with e- Prints.org repositories using Paracite. Introduction Citebase Search is a Web service that harvests research articles from online, e- print archives (both pre- and post- peer-reviewed articles). Citebase parses references from the full-text, citation-linking those references to the cited articles. This is the basis for a classical citation database. Citebase was first announced in December 2001 [1], although it was not until Citebase was integrated in August 2002 with arXiv.org that any sizeable number of users started to use Citebase. As an add-on to arXiv.org, arXiv provides links from its abstract pages to the equivalent abstract page in Citebase. Citebase currently draws most of its traffic from users following these links, without them then going onto use Citebase’s own search service (see Figure 1). In the first section I will introduce the motivation behind Citebase, section 2 gives some of the structure of the system, section 3 introduces the service as seen by the user and section 4 gives an example of some of the data mining that can be performed on Citebase’s database. -
The Cybernetic Brain
THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN SKETCHES OF ANOTHER FUTURE Andrew Pickering THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO AND LONDON ANDREW PICKERING IS PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER. HIS BOOKS INCLUDE CONSTRUCTING QUARKS: A SO- CIOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PARTICLE PHYSICS, THE MANGLE OF PRACTICE: TIME, AGENCY, AND SCIENCE, AND SCIENCE AS PRACTICE AND CULTURE, A L L PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, AND THE MANGLE IN PRAC- TICE: SCIENCE, SOCIETY, AND BECOMING (COEDITED WITH KEITH GUZIK). THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO 60637 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, LTD., LONDON © 2010 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PUBLISHED 2010 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-66789-8 (CLOTH) ISBN-10: 0-226-66789-8 (CLOTH) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pickering, Andrew. The cybernetic brain : sketches of another future / Andrew Pickering. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-226-66789-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-66789-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Cybernetics. 2. Cybernetics—History. 3. Brain. 4. Self-organizing systems. I. Title. Q310.P53 2010 003’.5—dc22 2009023367 a THE PAPER USED IN THIS PUBLICATION MEETS THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR INFORMATION SCIENCES—PERMA- NENCE OF PAPER FOR PRINTED LIBRARY MATERIALS, ANSI Z39.48-1992. DEDICATION For Jane F. CONTENTS Acknowledgments / ix 1. The Adaptive Brain / 1 2. Ontological Theater / 17 PART 1: PSYCHIATRY TO CYBERNETICS 3. -
42 LS08 Abstracts
42 LS08 Abstracts IP0 plasticity, whereas a breakdown in trafficking appears to be Public Lecture: Reinventing the Sacred: Science, a contributory factor to a number of neurodegenerative dis- Faith and Complexity eases associated with memory loss including Alzheimer’s. I propose to discuss three topics. Several alternative the- ories and experimental work bear on the origin of molecu- Paul C. Bressloff lar reproduction (here we at least think we know what we University of Utah are talking about). Second, we discuss agency, the capac- Department of Mathematics ity of organisms to act on their own behalf, hence doing bressloff@math.utah.edu (here molecular reproduction causes value to enter the bio- sphere). Third, I discuss the evolution of the biosphere by Darwinian preadaptations, which, I believe, is partially IP2 beyond natural law. On the first topic I will discuss the Magnetic Resonance Elastography classical view that life must be based on template repli- cated DNA, RNA or their cousins, the RNA world, the Many disease processes such as cancer cause profound membrane-cell first world, my own work on the emergence changes in the mechanical properties of tissues, yet none of collectively autocatalytic sets of organic molecules and of the conventional medical imaging techniques such as polymers, experimental evidence for collectively autocat- CT, MRI, and ultrasound are capable of delineating this alytic sets of DNA and peptide sequences, and our own and property. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is an other workers’ evidence that random peptides fold, at least emerging diagnostic imaging technology that uses a special to molten globules, hence may well have catalytic activity. -
Language Beyond Our Grasp: What Mirror Neurons Can, and Cannot, Do for Language Evolution
LANGUAGE BEYOND OUR GRASP: WHAT MIRROR NEURONS CAN, AND CANNOT, DO FOR LANGUAGE EVOLUTION James R Hurford, Language Evolution and Computation Research Unit, Linguistics Department, University of Edinburgh (Note: To appear in Kimbrough Oller, D., U. Griebel and K. Plunkett (eds.) (2002) The Evolution of Communication Systems: A Comparative Approach. The Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology, MIT Press, Cambridge MA. [in press]. In case of any discrepancy with the eventually printed version, the printed version will be the `authorized' version.) ... before trying to construct scenarios of language origin and evolution based on MNS we must take care to analyse properly the nature of MNS itself. (Stamenov, 2002) [MNS = mirror neurons or mirror neuron system] And, I would add, we must also take care to analyse properly the nature of language itself. Several recent papers (Rizzolatti and Arbib, 1998; Arbib, 2001; Arbib, 2002) suggest that the discovery of mirror neurons helps us to understand in some more detail how human language evolved. The present paper tries to explore and continue further the development of ideas in these papers(1). Two main issues raised by mirror neurons are addressed, in Sections 1 and 2, respectively. Section 1 aims to correct a possibly widespread misunderstanding of the significance of mirror neurons, as reflected in the following journalistic passages. USC's Michael A. Arbib, Ph.D., says ``the neurons, located in the premotor cortex just in front of the motor cortex, are a mechanism for recognizing the meaning of actions made by others ... For communication to succeed, both the individual sending a message and the individual receiving it must recognize the significance of the sender's signal. -
Against Biopoetics
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 Against biopoetics: on the use and misuse of the concept of evolution in contemporary literary theory Bradley Bankston Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Bankston, Bradley, "Against biopoetics: on the use and misuse of the concept of evolution in contemporary literary theory" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1703. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1703 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. AGAINST BIOPOETICS: ON THE USE AND MISUSE OF THE CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION IN CONTEMPORARY LITERARY THEORY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English By Bradley Bankston B.A., New College, 1990 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1999 May 2004 Table of Contents Abstract................................................iii Introduction..............................................1 Part I: Evolutionary Psychology -
A Review of Stuart Kauffman's a World Beyond Physics and Its Parallel
Available online at https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/nexj Visit our blog at newexplorations.net Vol 1 № 1 (Spring 2020) A Review of Stuart Kauffman’s A World Beyond Physics and Its Parallel with McLuhan’s Reversal of Cause and Effect. Robert K. Logan University of Toronto ABSTRACT A review of Stuart Kauffman’s A World Beyond Physics is made and its parallels with McLuhan’s reversal of cause and effect is made. KEYWORDS: McLuhan; physics; enablement; general systems; extensions of man; media; technology; tool Robert K. Logan [email protected] 2 New Explorations: Studies in Culture & Communication In A World Beyond Physics, Stuart Kauffman (2019, 10) critiques the “physics-based view of the world” and the notion that physics can ultimately explain all phenomena of the universe including biology and cognition. He wrote, Brilliant physicist Steven Weinberg voiced the physicist thoughts: (1) the explanatory arrow always points downwards from social systems to people to organs to cells, to biochemistry to chemistry and finally physics; (2) the more we know of the universe, he wrote, the more meaningless it appears (ibid.). Kauffman (2019, 12-13) states that Weinberg is categorically wrong and points out, “One thing missing in the world according to physics is the crucial idea of agency… Given agency, meaning exists in the universe.” He then asks "How did the universe get from matter to mattering? In the meaningless, numb universe of Weinberg, where does mattering come from?” Mattering, in Kauffman’s play on words, is simply meaning or information and information is about the informing of a living agent that is able to propagate its organization. -
Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts
Overseas Development Institute Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and implications for development and humanitarian efforts Ben Ramalingam and Harry Jones with Toussaint Reba and John Young Foreword by Robert Chambers Working Paper 285 Results of ODI research presented in preliminary form for discussion and critical comment Working Paper 285 Exploring the science of complexity Ideas and implications for development and humanitarian efforts Second Edition Ben Ramalingam and Harry Jones with Toussainte Reba and John Young Foreword by Robert Chambers October 2008 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE7 1JD ISBN 978 0 85003 864 4 © Overseas Development Institute 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. ii Contents Foreword by Robert Chambers vii Executive summary viii Introduction viii Key concepts of complexity science viii Conclusions viii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and overview of the paper 1 1.2 Background: The RAPID programme and the focus on change 2 2. Putting complexity sciences into context 4 2.1 Origins 4 2.2 Applications in the social, political and economic realms 5 3. Concepts used in complexity sciences and their implications for development and humanitarian policy and practice 8 3.1 Unpacking complexity science: Key concepts and implications for international aid 8 3.2 -
Version 4 New Mathematical Foundations for AI and Alife: Are the Necessary Conditions for Animal Consciousness Sufficient for the Design of Intelligent Machines?
Version 4 New mathematical foundations for AI and Alife: Are the necessary conditions for animal consciousness sufficient for the design of intelligent machines? Rodrick Wallace, Ph.D. The New York State Psychiatric Institute∗ May 23, 2006 Abstract matter... We may simply not be seeing some fun- damental mathematical description of what is go- Rodney Brooks’ call for ‘new mathematics’ to revitalize the ing on in living systems and so be leaving it out of disciplines of artificial intelligence and artificial life can be our AI and Alife models... there might be some or- answered by adaptation of what Adams has called ‘the in- ganizing principle, some mathematical notion that formational turn in philosophy’, aided by the novel perspec- we need in order to understand how they work... tives that program gives regarding empirical studies of ani- What form might this mathematical notion take? It mal cognition and consciousness. Going backward from the need not be disruptive of our current view of living necessary conditions communication theory imposes on ani- things, but could be as non-threatening as the notion mal cognition and consciousness to sufficient conditions for of computation, just different from anything anyone machine design is, however, an extraordinarily difficult engi- has currently thought of. Perhaps other mathemat- neering task. The most likely use of the first generations of ical principles or notions, necessary to build good conscious machines will be to model the various forms of psy- explanations of the details of evolution, cognition, chopathology, since we have little or no understanding of how consciousness or learning, will be discovered or in- consciousness is stabilized in humans or other animals.