Federal Republic of Nigeria
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National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA National lmplementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) Final Report Federal Ministry of Environment Abuja, Nigeria April, 2009 Page i National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention FOREWORD The strategic importance of chemicals in the transformation of the economic, industrial, health, social and developmental landscape of Nigeria has been recognized nationally, fully conscious of the risk to human health and the environment by the adoption of unsound management principles and practices especially for hazardous chemicals. Chemicals are important to mankind and sustenance of life on earth with multifarious uses in agriculture, medicine, industrial manufacturing, public health/vector control, etc, yet hazardous chemicals can result in significant adverse effects on human health and the environment. Nigeria as a rapidly industrializing developing country with abundant natural resources, a large human population of about 150 million people and diverse sensitive ecosystems that must be managed in a sustainable manner, has put in place since 1988 institutional and regulatory framework for environmental protection and natural resources conservation. The country has participated actively in most international forum and initiatives on the environment since the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment (UNCED); and has ratified major Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) including those on chemicals and wastes. Nigeria also supports actively international initiatives on integrated chemicals management such as requirements of chapters 19 and 20 of UNCED AGENDA 21, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JOPI) of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), which includes a number of chemicals related targets including the implementation of chemicals conventions, and adoption of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM); and not the least the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. Nigeria ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in May 2004. The development of this National Implementation Plan arises from the recognition by the Nigerian Government that the Stockholm Convention is relevant to Nigeria and that its implementation is beneficial to the National Development Plan for 2003 -2020 and the achievement of Nigeria’s Millennium Development Goals insofar as they relate to POPs. The nexus between poverty and toxic chemicals has been established internationally. The National Policy on the Environment is presently under review and would incorporate strategies on sound chemicals and wastes management. Recent policy initiatives by government include the strengthening of the regulatory framework by the establishment of the National Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) for the enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria signed the NESREA act into law in July 2007. The proposed Hazardous Chemicals Management Act is under preparation and will incorporate GHS elements while actions are in progress on the domestication of MEAs on chemicals and wastes. The government will give political and financial support to the programs and activities of the NIP within the constraints of the annual national budget provisions. Consequently government would partner with the private sector, bilateral and multilateral funding agencies and other development partners to ensure successful implementation and attainment of the goals of the NIP for the benefit of present and future generation of Nigerians and towards a POPs free environment. Honourable John Odey Minister of Environment, Federal Republic of Nigeria Page ii National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... III GLOSSARY..........................................................................................................................XII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................. XVI Executive Summary.........................................................................................................XVIII 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1 1.0. The Dirty Dozen ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 General Information on the Physico-Chemical Properties of 12 Persistent Organic Pollutants............................................................................2 1.2 POPs Enabling Activities ............................................................................................9 1.3 The Purpose of the NIP Project..................................................................................9 1.4 Project Objectives......................................................................................................10 1.5 Development of the Nigerian National Implementation Plan................................10 1.6 POPs Inventory Project Objectives and Output.....................................................12 1.7 Inventory Methodology.............................................................................................12 1.7.1 Zonal divisions................................................................................................ 1.7.2 Management structure.................................................................................13 1.7.3 Pre-inventory activities................................................................................13 1.7.4 Inventory activities......................................................................................13 1.7.5 Data processing...........................................................................................14 2 COUNTRY BASELINE............................................................................................15 2.1 COUNTRY PROFILE...............................................................................................15 2.1.1 Geography and population ..........................................................................15 2.2.2 Political and economic profile.....................................................................16 Page iii National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention 2.1.3 Profiles of economic sectors........................................................................16 2.1.4 Environmental overview.............................................................................18 2.2 Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework ...................................................18 2.2.1 Environmental policy, sustainable development policy and general legislative framework ..................................................................................18 2.2.2 Roles and responsibilities of ministries, agencies and other governmental institutions involved in POPs life cycles..............................20 2.2.3 Relevant international commitments and obligations .................................23 2.2.4 Description of existing legislation and regulations addressing POPs (manufactured chemicals and unintentionally produced POPs)..................26 2.2.5 Key approaches and procedures for POPs management, including enforcement and monitoring requirements..................................................29 2.3 Assessment of the POPs Situation in Nigeria ..........................................................30 2.3.1 Assessment with respect to Annex A, Part I chemicals (POPs pesticides).........................................................................................30 2.3.1.1 Production of POPs Pesticides...........................................................................30 2.3.1.2 POPs pesticides import .......................................................................................32 2.3.1.3 Use of POPs pesticides........................................................................................33 2.3.1.4 POPs in Nigerian soils.........................................................................................36 2.3.1.5 Concentrations of POPs in Nigerian waters.....................................................36 2.3.1.6 Concentrations of POPs pesticides in Nigerian fish........................................39 2.3.1.7 POPs in Nigerian foods.......................................................................................40 2.3.1.8 Concentrations of POPs Pesticides in Nigerian Wildlife .Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1.9 POPs Concentrations in Human Breast Milk from Nigeria ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1.10 Data gaps.................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.2 Assessment with respect to Annex A, Part II chemicals (PCBs) ................52 2.3.3 Summary of available monitoring data on PCBs in environmental samples in Nigeria...............Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.4 Assessment with respect to Annex B chemicals (DDT) .............................68 2.3.5 Assessment of Releases from Unintentional