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P&G and Unilever
Global Strategy Advisors. Challenging boundaries and beyond February 19, 2006 Unilever Unilever House, Blackfriars London EC4P 4BQ, United Kingdom Sent Via Electronic Mail RE: Strategy Analysis Ladies and Gentlemen: At the request of the Board of Directors of Unilever, we provide herein our analysis of the Personal Products Industry and a strategy analysis of both Unilever and its biggest competitor, Procter & Gamble. The enclosed analysis also provides recommendations for Unilever to improve its competitive advantage. Respectfully submitted, GSA Procter & Gamble, Unilever and the Personal Products Industry Global Strategy Advisors Lee Ann Graul, Sherry Henricks, Steve Olp and Charlene Strohecker University of Maryland, University College AMBA 607 February 19, 2006 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary i 2. Industry Analysis-Personal Products Industry 1 a. Introduction 1 b. Industry Defined 1 c. Historical Data Analysis 2 d. Major Competitors 3 e. Trends and Industry Outlook 3 f. Strategic Challenges and Opportunities 5 g. Industry Conclusions 5 3. Procter & Gamble and Unilever 6 a. Competitor Analysis: P&G 6 b. Competitor Analysis: Unilever 8 c. Strategy P&G 10 i. Business Level 10 ii. Global 11 iii. E-Business 13 iv. Corporate 14 d. Strategy: Unilever 15 i. Business Level 15 ii. Global 16 iii. E-business 17 iv. Corporate 19 e. Conclusions and Recommendations 20 4. Appendices 22 A. SIC Code 2844 and Industry Description 22 B. Global Personal Products Industry, Market Segmentation 24 C. Personal Products Industry, Five Force Analysis 25 D. Global Personal Products Industry, Market Share 30 E. Market Growth 31 F. Producer Price Index (PPI) for SIC 2844 32 G. -
No. 86 LAGOS- 3Rd November, 1965 ~ Vol. 52
Extraordinary No. 86 LAGOS- 3rd November, 1965 ~ Vol. 52 CONTENTS ea Page Applications for Registration of Trade Marks we - .e .- .- .. 1756-95 Registration Renewed and Restored .. %. 1796 Unpaid Renewal Fees .. we . .. .. .- 1796-98 Trade Marks Removed from the Register through non-payment of Renewal Fees .. .. «L798 Cancellation on applications of the Proprietors _ .. .. ot .. - .. -. 1798 Applications amendedafter Advertisement .. oe . oe oe 1» ae «1798 Trade Marks altered under Section 41 .. .. .. o. .- .- ee fae -. 1799 cSrsections .- -. .- - oe. a . .- oe . -- 1799 ahs 1756 OFFICIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY No. 86, Vol. 52 Government Notice No. 2035 VICOLL Trade Marks Act (Chapter 199) 15036—Wood-glue and other goods included in APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION OF the class. FARBWERKE HOECHST AKTIEN- ; TRADE MARKS GESELLSCHAFT, vormals Meister Lucius and Bruning, Frankfurt/Main; Manu- Pursuait to section 17 of the Trade Marks Act facturers/Merchants. notice is hereby given that applications have been - 11th July, 1963. received for registration of the following Trade Marks. Y person who has grounds of opposition to the registration of any of the marks advertised herein may within three months from the date hereof give notice to the Registrar of such opposition. Such notice must be in writing and in duplicate and set out grounds of opposition. NAFTIL 15078—Chemical products for industry and science. PECHINEY-PROGIL (S.A.) a French Com- pany duly organized and existing under Crass f the laws of France, No. 7, Rue Lamennais, Paris 8, France. MELONIA 28th January, 1964. 13883—-Industrial fragrance chemicals. ROCHE PRODUCTS LIMITED, 40 Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, Crass 2 England ; Manufacturers and Merchants. -
Black Internationalism and African and Caribbean
BLACK INTERNATIONALISM AND AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN INTELLECTUALS IN LONDON, 1919-1950 By MARC MATERA A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History Written under the direction of Professor Bonnie G. Smith And approved by _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2008 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Black Internationalism and African and Caribbean Intellectuals in London, 1919-1950 By MARC MATERA Dissertation Director: Bonnie G. Smith During the three decades between the end of World War I and 1950, African and West Indian scholars, professionals, university students, artists, and political activists in London forged new conceptions of community, reshaped public debates about the nature and goals of British colonialism, and prepared the way for a revolutionary and self-consciously modern African culture. Black intellectuals formed organizations that became homes away from home and centers of cultural mixture and intellectual debate, and launched publications that served as new means of voicing social commentary and political dissent. These black associations developed within an atmosphere characterized by a variety of internationalisms, including pan-ethnic movements, feminism, communism, and the socialist internationalism ascendant within the British Left after World War I. The intellectual and political context of London and the types of sociability that these groups fostered gave rise to a range of black internationalist activity and new regional imaginaries in the form of a West Indian Federation and a United West Africa that shaped the goals of anticolonialism before 1950. -
Article Review
AN ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER THROUGH IVO ZANDER’S INNOVATION NETWORK TAXONOMY - BASED ON ARTICLE: HOW DO YOU MEAN ‘GLOBAL’? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF INNOVATION NETWORKS IN THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION By: Laura Cerri and Virpi Nieminen On April 18th, 2008 Solvay Business School – Université Libre de Bruxelles Course Assignment for R&D in Multinational Enterprises Professor Michele Cincera Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 Article Summary .................................................................................................................. 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 5 Results .......................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 8 The case of Unilever ............................................................................................................ 9 History and Key Facts ...................................................................................................... 9 R&D Spending and Patents ............................................................................................. 9 Analysis of Unilever’s R&D according to Ivo Zander’s article .................................... 10 Introduction -
Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850
Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain since 1850 Geoffrey Jones Working Paper 16-066 Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850 Geoffrey Jones Harvard Business School Working Paper 16-066 Copyright © 2015 by Geoffrey Jones Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Business groups exist in developed markets also: Britain since 1850 Geoffrey Jones Harvard Business School November 2015 Abstract Diversified business groups are well-known phenomenon in emerging markets, both today and historically. This is often explained by the prevalence of institutional voids or the nature of government-business relations. It is typically assumed that such groups were much less common in developed economies, and largely disappeared during the twentieth century. This working paper contests this assumption with evidence from Britain between 1850 and the present day. During the nineteenth century merchant houses established business groups with diversified portfolio and pyramidal structures overseas, primarily in developing countries, both colonial and independent. In the domestic economy, large single product firms became the norm, which over time merged into large combines with significant market power. This reflected a business system in which a close relationship between finance and industry was discouraged, but were there few restrictions on the transfer of corporate ownership. Yet large diversified business groups did emerge, which had private or closely held shareholding and substantial international businesses. The working paper argues that diversified business groups added value in mature markets such as Britain. -
1971 Annual Report and Account
Unilever NV Report and Accounts 1976 The Unilever group of companies provides a wide range of products and services in some 75 countries, employing over 300 000 people. It has existed for nearly 50 years as a group, but can trace its roots much further back than that. There are two parent companies: Unilever N.V., Rotterdam, and Unilever Limited, London. Equal partners, they have identical Boards of Directors and are linked by agreements, one of which equalises the dividends payable on the ordinary capital of N.V. and of Limited, according to a formula set out elsewhere in this Report. Unilever operates as one group. The combined affairs of N.V. and Limited are, therefore, more important to shareholders than those of the two separate companies and the Report and Accounts deals, as usual, with the operations and results of Unilever as a whole: except where stated otherwise, all the figures are for N.V. and Limited combined. The larger part of Unilever is in branded and packaged consumer goods: mainly foods, detergents and toilet preparations. The foods include margarine, other fats and oils, ice cream, frozen and other convenience products, meat, fish, tea and other drinks. Unilever has other important activities, such as chemicals, paper, plastics and packaging, animal feeds, transport and tropical plantations. UAC International, a major Unilever company, has substantial interests in Africa and other parts of the world in diverse industrial ventures, and as merchants and specialist distributors. Unilever is one of the dozen largest businesses in the world by turnover- and the largest in consumer goods. -
The Formation of Unilever 16944-Unilever 20Pp A5:Layout 1 15/11/11 14:35 Page 2
16944-Unilever 20pp A5:Layout 1 15/11/11 14:35 Page 1 The Formation of Unilever 16944-Unilever 20pp A5:Layout 1 15/11/11 14:35 Page 2 Unilever House, London, c1930 16944-Unilever 20pp A5:Layout 1 15/11/11 14:36 Page 03 In September 1929 an agreement was signed which created what The Economist described as "one of the biggest industrial amalgamations in European history". It provided for the merger in the following year of the Margarine Union and Lever Brothers Limited. The Margarine Union had been formed in 1927 by the Van den Bergh and Jurgens companies based in the Netherlands, and was later joined by a number of other Dutch and central European companies. Its main strength lay in Europe, especially Germany and the UK and its interests, whilst mostly in margarine and other edible fats, were also oil milling and animal feeds, retail companies and some soap production. Lever Brothers Limited was based in the UK but owned companies throughout the world, especially in Europe, the United States and the British Dominions. Its interests were in soap, toilet preparations, food (including some margarine), oil milling and animal feeds, plantations and African trading. One of the main reasons for the merger was competition for raw materials - animal and vegetable oils - used in both the manufacture of margarine and soap. However, the two businesses were very similar, so it made sense to merge as Unilever rather than continue to compete for the same raw materials and in the same markets. To understand how Unilever came into being you have to go back to the family companies that were instrumental in its formation. -
1967 Annual Report and Accounts
T AND AC OUNTS I967 Directors H. S. A. HARTOG, Cha'imn J. J. H. NAGEL THE LORD COLE, We-Chairman D. A. ORR RUDOLF G. JURGENS, Vice-Chairman F. J. PEDLER A. F. H. BLAAUW R. H. SIDDONS A. W. J. CARON E. SMIT J. G. COLLINGWOOD SIR ARTHUR SMITH J. M. GOUDSWAARD J. P. STUBBS 6. D. A. KLIJNSTRA S. G. SWEETMAN J. F. KNIGHT THE VISCOUNT TRENCHARD P. KUIN E. G. WOODROOFE D. J. MA" Advisory Directors J. M. HONIG F. J. M. A. H. HOUBEN A. E. J. NYSINGH F. J. TEMPEL G. E. VAN WALSUM Secretaries A. A. HAAK P. A. MACRORY 'Auditors PRICE WATERHOUSE & Co. COOPER BROTHERS & Co. This is a translation of the origillal Dutch report. The Report and Accounts as usual combine the results and operations of UNILEVER N.V. (‘N.v.’) and UNILEVER LIMITED (‘LIMITED’) with the figures expressed in guilders. The basis on which the devaluation of sterling in November, 1967, has been dealt with is explained on page 31. Contents Page 6 Salient figures 7 Report for the year 1967 7 The year in brief 8 Sales to third parties, profit and capital employed by geographical areas 1958 and 1967 (chart) 9 Return on capital employed and on turnover 1958-1967 (chart) 10 Summary of combined figures 1958-1967 11 The background 12 Indonesia 13 Taxation 13 Analysis of turnover 14 Margarine, other edible fats and oils 15 Other foods 17 Detergents and toilet preparations 19 Animal feeds 20 Paper, printing, packaging and plastics 20 Chemicals 21 The United Africa Group 22 Plantations 23 Exports 24 Finance 25 Capital projects 26 Research 27 Personnel 28 Capital and membership 28 Dividends 29 Directors 30 Retirement of Directors 30 Auditors 31 Accounts 1967 31 Treatment of devaluation of Sterling 32 Consolidated profit and loss accounts (Statement A) 34 Consolidated balance sheets (Statement B) 38 Balance sheet-N.V. -
Wole Soyinka: Writing and Speaking Peace
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL | WORKING PAPERS WOLE SOYINKA: WRITING AND SPEAKING PEACE OKEY NDIBE AFRICAN PEACEBUILDING NETWORK APN WORKING PAPERS: NO. 23 This work carries a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. This license permits you to copy, distribute, and display this work as long as you mention and link back to the Social Science Research Council, attribute the work appropriately (including both author and title), and do not adapt the content or use it commercially. For details, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/. ABOUT THE PROGRAM Launched in March 2012, the African Peacebuilding Network (APN) supports independent African research on conflict-affected countries and neighboring regions of the continent, as well as the integration of high-quality African research-based knowledge into global policy communities. In order to advance African debates on peacebuilding and promote African perspectives, the APN offers competitive research grants and fellowships, and it funds other forms of targeted support, including strategy meetings, seminars, grantee workshops, commissioned studies, and the publication and dissemination of research findings. In doing so, the APN also promotes the visibility of African peacebuilding knowledge among global and regional centers of scholarly analysis and practical action and makes it accessible to key policymakers at the United Nations and other multilateral, regional, and national policymaking institutions. ABOUT THE SERIES “African solutions to African problems” is a favorite mantra of the African Union, but since the 2002 establishment of the African Peace and Security Architecture, the continent has continued to face political, material, and knowledge-related challenges to building sustainable peace. -
Volume 23 1996 Issue 68
Review of African Political Economy No.68:127-128 © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 1996 ISSN 0305-6244; RIX #6601 Editorial Ray Bush & Morris Szeftel This third issue of the Roape Review of Books, like the first two, continues to explore the response of scholarship and research to the key challenges confronting Africa. The themes raised here are again at the heart of Africa's political and economic development at the end of the century: food security; conflict resolution and the role and performance of NGOs. In addition, it is also important, in the wake of Africa95 to assess the way in which Africa has been portrayed in western discourse. This is what David Richards does in his appraisal of the major exhibitions, plays and workshops on Africa during 1995. He reminds us of the continuing, often crude and reductionist way in which Africa is perceived and also, when reviewing recent work of Soyinka in the aftermath of the murder of Ken Saro Wiwa and others by the Nigerian state, that speaking out against the tyanny of injustice is a very costly affair. Understanding the character of African politics and the dynamics of political power remain difficult but essential concerns. One dimenion of African politics, which is so often wrongly characterised and stereotyped, is food security. This remains a key issue in the way power is mobilised and sustained. At the end of 1996, there will be another international conference, this time organised by FAO, aiming to resurrect food and famine as an international political priority. The conference is intended to mobilise politicians, aid agencies and world dignitaries to do more than just issue rhetorical expressions of concern for Africa's starving millions. -
Volume 1: Issue 2
VOLUME 1: ISSUE 2 || APRIL 2019 || Email: [email protected] Website:www.whiteblacklegal.co.in Page | 1 DISCLAIMER No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form by any means without prior written permission of Editor-in-chief of WhiteBlackLegal – The Law Journal. The Editorial Team of WhiteBlackLegal holds the copyright to all articles contributed to this publication. The views expressed in this publication are purely personal opinions of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Editorial Team of WhiteBlackLegal or Legal Education Awareness Foundation. Though all efforts are made to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the information published, Jurisperitus shall not be responsible for any errors caused due to oversight or otherwise. Page | 2 EDITORIAL TEAM EDITOR IN CHIEF Name - Mr. Varun Agrawal Consultant || SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. Phone - +91-9990670288 Email - [email protected] EDITOR Name - Mr. Anand Agrawal Consultant|| SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. Phone - +91-9810767455 Email - [email protected] EDITOR (HONORARY) Name - Smt Surbhi Mittal Manager || PSU Phone - +91-9891639509 Email - [email protected] EDITOR(HONORARY) Name - Mr Praveen Mittal Consultant || United Health Group MNC Phone - +91-9891639509 Email - [email protected] EDITOR Name - Smt Sweety Jain Consultant||SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. Phone - +91-9990867660 Email - [email protected] EDITOR Name - Mr. Siddharth Dhawan Core Team Member || Legal Education Awareness Foundation Phone - +91 -9013078358 Page | 3 ABOUT US WHITEBLACKLEGAL is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed journal provide dedicated to express views on topical legal issues, thereby generating a cross current of ideas on emerging matters. -
Designated Collections Contents
Designated Collections Contents 3 Introduction 4 East Midlands 7 East 11 London 23 North East 25 North West 30 South East 35 South West 42 West Midlands 47 Yorkshire Introduction The Designation Scheme exists to celebrate collections of outstanding resonance, that deepen our understanding of the world and what it means to be human. The Arts Council is passionate about collections and their ability to impact upon and enrich our lives, and the Designation Scheme is an important and visible assertion of our belief in their enduring cultural value. The Designated collections cover such diverse areas as political and ecclesiastical archives, art history, literature and theatre, economics, the history of transportation on land and on water, and the medical profession. They demonstrate eclectic tastes and intellectual journeys, the emergence of disciplines and theories and the careers of our famous figures. They bring art, science and industry together in stimulating ways. Our collections hold the key to who we are and they are an irreplaceable resource. Designation is an enduring award and it is crucial to the Arts Council’s mission to bring great art and culture to everyone. Designated collections are located in both rural and urban centres across the country, from Cornwall to Cumbria. The Designation Scheme was introduced at the behest of government, and since 1997, has identified pre-eminent collections held in museums, libraries and archives across England. The founding aims were to raise the profile of these vital collections and encourage safeguarding of them. Designated collections benefit in numerous ways. During 2013-15 the Designation Scheme was reviewed and in 2014 we published Pearls and wisdom, our vision for the future of the Scheme.