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T.C. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı

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T.C. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı T.C. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı SĠRDERYA BOYUNDAKĠ IX-X. YÜZYILLARDA OĞUZ ġEHĠRCĠLĠĞĠ (YENGĠ KEND VE FARAB ÖRNEĞĠNDE) Serhan ÇINAR Yüksek Lisans Tezi Çorum 2016 SĠRDERYA BOYUNDAKĠ IX-X. YÜZYILLARDA OĞUZ ġEHĠRCĠLĠĞĠ (YENGĠ KEND VE FARAB ÖRNEĞĠNDE) Serhan ÇINAR Hitit Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez Danışmanı Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayşe ATICI ARAYANCAN ÇORUM 2016 ÖZET ÇINAR, Serhan,“Sirderya Boyundaki IX-X.Yüzyıllarda Oğuz ġehirciliği (Yengi Kend ve Farab Örneğinde,Yüksek Lisans Tezi,Çorum, 2016. Bu çalışmamızda IX-X.yy‟lar arasında Sirderya nehri çevresinde yaşamış olan Oğuz boylarının şehirleri ve maddi kültür yapıları incelenmiştir. Araştırma süresince Sirderya havzasından elde edilen arkeolojik veriler ve birincil el kaynaklar, dönüşümlü ve kapsamlı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte Türklerde şehirciliğin tarihi süreçleri, Sirderya havzasının VII-X.yy‟lar arasındaki sosyo ekonomik durumu, bölgeye ait oykonomik, topografik ve lokalizasyon çalışmalarının araştırılması, Sirderya Oğuz boylarının etnogenes süreçleri ve bölgede Sirderya Oğuzlarına ait şehirlerden günümüze kadar ulaşan sözlü ve yazılı rivayetlerin tespiti ve tahlilleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Sirderya, Seyhun,Oğuz Yabguluğu, Yengi Kend, Farab, Şehircilik i ABSTRACT CĠNAR Serhan, IX X’th Century Oghuz Urbanism Ġn The Around of Jaxartes (Ġn The Example Of Yengi Kend and Farab), Corum, 2016. Master Thesis. In this work, we evaluated the cities and materiallives of Oğuz tribe salongn the Jaxartes (Syr Derya) River in IX-Xth centuries, based on the archeological data obtained during there search we conducted in the Jaxartes Basin, and the first and resources interchangibly. During our study, we condected a work on the determination and analysis of the historical phases of urbanization among the Turcs, the socio- economical state of the Jaxartes Basin during VII-X‟th centuries, the oyconomik, topographic and localization works about the region, the ethno-genesis of the Syr Derya Oğuz tribesand oral and written tradition from the Syr Derya Oğuz people thatre ached to our day. KeyWords: Syrderya- Sayhoun,Jaxartes, Oğuz YabguState, Yengi Kend, Farab, Urbanization ii KISALTMALAR a.g.e Adı geçen eser a.g.m Adı geçen makale AN AkademiyaNauk Bkz Bakınız C Cilt Çev Çeviren DĠA Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi Haz Hazırlayan ISAM İslam Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Km Kilometre M.Ö Miladdan Önce M.S Miladdan Sonra MEB Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı MĠTT Materialı Po İstorii Turkmen i Turkmenii, M Metre NeĢr Neşriyat PTKLA Protokolı Zasedanniy i Soobşeniya Turkestanskovo Kruja Lyubitelei Arxeologii s Sayfa S Sayı SSR Sovyet Sosialist Rossia TDK Türk Dil Kurumu TTK Türk Tarih Kurumu vb. Ve benzeri Yay Yayınları YY Yüzyıl iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER ÖZET.................................................................................................................................i ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ii KISALTMALAR............................................................................................................iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER...............................................................................................................ıv ÖNSÖZ............................................................................................................................vı GĠRĠġ................................................................................................................................1 I. KAYNAKLARVE ARAġTIRMALAR.....................................................................4 I.I Kitabler..............................................................................................................4 I.II .Meskukat.........................................................................................................7 I.III Vekayinameler................................................................................................8 I.III.I Arapça Vekayinmeler..................................................................................8 I.III.II Farsça Vekayinameler..............................................................................18 I.IV Türkçe Kaynaklar.........................................................................................20 I.V Çin Kaynakları...............................................................................................23 I.VI Seyahatnameler.............................................................................................24 I.VII Araştırmalar.................................................................................................26 I.BÖLÜM TÜRKLERDE ġEHĠRCĠLĠĞĠN TARĠHi GELĠġĠMĠ 1. ġEHĠRCĠLĠK KAVRAMI.....................................................................................29 2. TÜRKLERDE ġEHĠRCĠLĠĞĠN TARĠHĠ SÜREÇERĠ......................................31 3. TÜRKLERDE ġEHĠR YERLEġĠM MODELLERĠ...........................................49 3.1 Orduğ(Başkent)............................................................................................49 3.1.1 KurvıÇuvaç(Hakan Otağı)....................................................................... 50 3.1.2 Kalık(Çatılı Köşk)...................................................................................53 3.1.3 Kargu-Ediz (Ev)........................................................................................54 3.2 Balık-Yurt.....................................................................................................55 3.3 Hatun Şehirleri..............................................................................................60 3.4 Kült Şehirleri.................................................................................................69 3.5 Kıy(Ticaret) Şehirleri....................................................................................73 3.6 Ağıl(Köy) Birimleri......................................................................................78 iv II.BÖLÜM SĠRDERYA HAVZASININ TARĠHĠ COĞRAFYASI 1.SĠRDERYA HAVZASININ COĞRAFĠ YAPISI..................................................81 2 SĠRDERYA HAVZASININ YER ADLARI VE TARĠHÇESĠ.............................82 2.1 Tarihi Adlandırmaları................................................................................82 2.2 Siyasi Tarihi (I-IX.yy)...............................................................................87 2.3 Oğuz Dönemi (IX-X.yy)............................................................................93 2.3.1 Sosyal Yapı..................................................................................104 2.3.2 Dini Yapı......................................................................................108 2.3.4 Sirderya Havzası Oğuz Toponomileri.........................................118 III.BÖLÜM SĠRDERYA BÖLGESĠ OĞUZ ġEHĠRLERĠNDEN (FARAB VE YENGĠ KEND IX-X.yy) 1. SĠRDERYA HAVZASINDAKĠ OĞUZ ġEHĠRLERĠ.....................................123 2. FARAB..............................................................................................................150 2.1 Coğrafyası..........................................................................................................150 2.2. Tarihi Adlandırmaları (Oykonimi)...................................................................152 2.2 Siyasi Tarihi ......................................................................................................155 2.3 Kültürel Yapısı...................................................................................................163 2.3.1 Farab ve Çevresindeki Kültürel Merkezler............................................164 2.3.2 Farab‟daki Kütüphane- Medreseler.......................................................170 2.3.3 Farab‟da Yetişen Alimler.......................................................................172 2.3.4. Şehir Hakkındaki Hikayeler..................................................................173 3. YENGĠ KEND (Cankent)................................................................................ 185 3.1 Coğrafyası................................................................................................185 3.2 Siyasi Tarihi.............................................................................................187 3.3.Kültürel Yapısı.........................................................................................195 3.4.1 Şehir Hakkındaki Hikayeler..........................................................200 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................204 KAYNAKÇA ..............................................................................................................207 EKLER ........................................................................................................................223 v ÖNSÖZ Araştırmamız kadim Oğuz yurtlarından olan Sirderya havzası ve çevresinde, IX- X.yy‟lar arasında yaşamış olan Oğuz boylarına ait yerleşim birimlerinin tespiti, incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Tez araştırmamız doğrultusunda Sirderya Oğuz boyları hakkında bilgi verilen kaynaklar; Türkçe, Arapça, Farsça ve Çince olmak üzere çeşitli başlıklar altında tasnif edilmiştir. Araştırmamız genel olarak üç ana başlık altında toplanmıştır. Tezin I. bölümünde Türklerde şehirciliğin tarihi gelişimi ve Türk boyları arasındaki yayılan şehir yerleşim modelleri araştırılmıştır. II. bölümde Sirderya
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