archifact
architecture & conservation
limited
www.archifact.co.nz
64 khyber pass road grafton auckland 1023 po box 8334 symonds street auckland 1150 new zealand p 09. 966 6940 [email protected]
fig. 1 block plant on the church college campus (archifact – architecture & conservation ltd., 2018)
former block plant building church college campus new zealand 509 tuhikaremea road temple view hamilton
heritage assessment
for
the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints trust board
FINAL november 2019
issue history date draft version for review issued 17-12-18 final version issued 14-11-19
prepared for: the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints trust board po box 5844 wellesley street auckland 1010
copyright © archifact – architecture & conservation ltd, 2019 all rights reserved. without limiting the rights under copyright above, no part of this report may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. auckland, november 2019
heritage assessment FINAL 2 temple view block plant [2180603] contents
1. executive summary ...... 5 2. commission ...... 6 3. brief ...... 6 4. identification of the place ...... 6 4.1 address ...... 6 4.2 ownership ...... 6 4.3 legal description ...... 6 4.4 local authority status ...... 6 4.5 heritage new zealand registration ...... 6 4.6 archaeological status ...... 7 5. methodology ...... 7 5.1 constraints ...... 7 6. history of the place ...... 8 6.1 history of site ...... 8 6.1.1 early history ...... 8 6.1.2 development of site ownership ...... 8 6.1.3 lds church school development ...... 10 6.1.4 establishing the lds church college new zealand site ...... 11 6.1.5 lds church college new zealand development ...... 12 6.1.6 temple view development post-closure of ccnz ...... 17 6.2 history of the block plant ...... 18 6.3 chronology of site development ...... 26 7. site ...... 27 7.1 former church college new zealand site ...... 27 7.2 lds church college sites of heritage value ...... 38 8. the individuals or institutions connected with the place ...... 39 8.1 david o mckay ...... 39 8.2 edward o anderson ...... 40 9. description and physical condition of the building fabric ...... 42 9.1 general ...... 42 9.2 exterior building fabric ...... 44 9.3 interior building fabric ...... 47 10. heritage assessment ...... 56 10.1 general criteria for significance ...... 56 10.2 evaluation of historic heritage significance ...... 56 10.3 assessment of heritage inventory record ...... 62 11. conclusion ...... 63 12. bibliography ...... 64 appendix a – planning maps ...... 67 appendix b – photographic record ...... 68
heritage assessment FINAL 3 temple view block plant [2180603
heritage assessment FINAL 4 temple view block plant [2180603] 1. executive summary The Block Plant is included in Schedule 8A: Built Heritage (structures, building, and associated sites) of the Hamilton City Council [HCC] Operative District Plan (18 October 2017) [ODP] as a Category B place with ID# H135.
The Block Plant (1956) is one of a small group of buildings remaining on the former Church College of New Zealand Campus. The Block Plant was integral to the manufacture of the cement blocks used for construction of a large number of buildings on the campus and wider Temple View area, in particular the Temple at Temple View. Blocks were also sent to other parts of New Zealand and to countries in the South Pacific where there was an LDS presence.
The Block Plant, in appearance, is a utilitarian and functional building that does have a common resemblance to other buildings on the site which represent the international style favoured during the 1950s. Its physical location on the outskirts of the main grouping lessens its contribution to the historic character of the area.
The building has not been used as a functioning plant for many years, and more recently used as a storage and sports changing room and training facility. The campus was decommissioned in 2006, there is a comprehensive redevelopment plan being enacted for the site.
The Block Plant has moderate significance for its historical and technological qualities, relating to its association the LDS mission to establish the Church College and the technological function of the block machine and use of blocks throughout the site. It has moderate context or group qualities due to its inclusion as part of the wider Temple View development of buildings which serviced the needs of the campus and the LDS church.
The removal of the majority of the CCNZ buildings has left the Block Plant with little relationship to the original grouping and the Temple View site.
It is therefore considered that the Block Plant has overall moderate historic heritage significance.
heritage assessment FINAL 5 temple view block plant [2180603 2. commission archifact – architecture & conservation ltd [archifact] was commissioned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [LDS Church] Trust Board in June 2018 to undertake an independent heritage assessment of the Block Plant, on building that is located on the ground of the former Church College of New Zealand at Temple View.
3. brief The brief requires archifact to form an independent and objective professional opinion on the heritage values of the Block Plant as found today measured against the relevant criteria for assessing historic heritage in the Operative District Plan for Hamilton City Council. 4. identification of the place 4.1 address LDS Church College New Zealand Tuhikaramea Road, Temple View, Hamilton.
NZTM reference: Easting: 1796226 / Northing: 5811823
4.2 ownership The site is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Trust Board.
4.3 legal description Part of Lot 1 DPS 88403
4.4 local authority status The Block Plant is included in Schedule 8A: Built Heritage (structures, building, and associated sites) of the Hamilton City Council [HCC] Operative District Plan (18 October 2017) [ODP] as a Category B place with ID# H135.
The Block Plan has been recognised in the ODP for the following qualities: • a - historic qualities • b – physical/aesthetic/architectural qualities; • c – context of group qualities • f – cultural qualities
The Block pant is identified in Appendix 4 – Special Character Zones Figure 4-5 is within the Temple View Character Area. The building is being located within a Compressive Development Plan Area no. 2.
There are a number of Category 1 and 2 trees within the legal boundary of the Block Plant, which are included in the Hamilton City Council District Plan Schedule 9D: Significant Trees register.
4.5 heritage new zealand registration The Block Plant is not listed in the New Zealand heritage List administered by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga.
heritage assessment FINAL 6 temple view block plant [2180603]
4.6 archaeological status It is also acknowledged that the site, having been associated with human activity before 1900, may be defined, in accordance with the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 [HNZPTA], as an archaeological site.
5. methodology This report offers an independent and objective assessment of the heritage values of the Block Plant, part of the former Church College New Zealand Campus, Temple View, Hamilton. A desktop analysis of historic data from a range of archives has been undertaken, including reference to Archives New Zealand and LDS Church College archive documentation held at both Temple View and in the United States of America.
The information gathered from the sources above along with a site visit undertaken Thursday 16th June 2018 will form the basis of which an assessment of heritage values can be considered using the ODP criteria for evaluating historic heritage found in Volume 2 Appendix 8 section 8-1.2. We have had access to the Hamilton City Council Built Heritage Inventory Record Form prepared in 2012 by Matthews and Matthews Architects Ltd. Information contained in this record will also be used to evaluate the historic heritage values of the Block Plant.
5.1 constraints This heritage assessment has been based on information available at the time.
The scope of the assessment does not include assessment with respect to archaeology.
We have had access to the Hamilton City Council Built Heritage Inventory Record Form prepared in 2012 by Matthews and Matthews Architects Ltd.
All images are copyright of archifact (2018), unless specifically stated otherwise.
heritage assessment FINAL 7 temple view block plant [2180603 6. history of the place 6.1 history of site 6.1.1 early history The subject site lies some seven kilometres from the City of Hamilton and within the middle Waikato basin, which extends 80 kilometres from north to south and 50 kilometres from west to east. This basin is bounded by ranges that rise up to 900 metres in height. Key features of the basin include the scattering of low-lying hills and the Waikato River which, following flooding, faced a topography that naturally prevents easy drainage.
The river therefore played a significant role in the formation of scattered small lakes and extensive marshlands which presented a significant challenge for the early settlers of the region. The landscape vegetation throughout the region was variable, with rainforests on the bordering ranges and scrub, bush, fern, and bracken on the lower lying hills. The lower lying, often marshy areas, supported reed and moss and were largely populated with Manuka and Kahikatea trees.
The first human settlement of New Zealand was undertaken by East Polynesians somewhere around 1250 – 1300A.D and it is thought that the Hamilton area became a transient centre for Maori occupation from an early stage. The area was originally occupied by a number of Maori villages, but is more commonly associated with the Kirikiriroa, from which the city takes its Maori name.
The early Maori utilised the Waikato River as a principal trade route and were instrumental in early development of the land, undertaking alterations to the river terraces and considerable modification of the surrounding vegetation through burning and clearance of bush. A number of Maori tribes are said to have controlled this area, although many were of a transient nature. A presence was formed by the Ngati Kauwhata during the sixteenth century, followed by the Ngati Haua, Ngati Koroki and Ngati Wairere by about 1700, but by the middle of the eighteenth century, the Ngati Raukawa had also developed an influence in the region.1
6.1.2 development of site ownership During the 1850s there was significant progress in the productivity of Maori farming throughout the Waikato region, an area, which provided a fertile agricultural environment that was enhanced with the introduction of Western farming tools and practices. During the late 1850s however, the European settlers attempted to gain more control over these lands through various means; consequently, the Maori saw much of their traditional holding either traded or confiscated by the Crown during the early 1860s. The allocation of confiscated land was largely allotted to military personnel from the 4th Waikato Regiment, who, on 24 August 18642 were brought in to establish a permanent European settlement around Kirikiriroa, or Hamilton as it was then being called by the settlers from that time.
Each settler was awarded a “town section” of one acre,3 with an option to ballot for one fifty-acre section or more according to rank. The land beyond Hamilton’s boundaries was divided into fifty-acre lots and the Allotment attributed to part of the site on which the former CCNZ campus and Hamilton New Zealand Temple now sits can be
1 Bass, May, New Zealand Department of Conservation., 1993, The Northwest King Country: A History of the Land and its People / Researched and Written by May Bass for Waikato Conservancy, Dept. of Conservation. 2 Gibbons, P, J.,1977. Astride the River: A History of Hamilton, 39. 3 Raynes, N., 1988. South of West Hamilton. heritage assessment FINAL 8 temple view block plant [2180603] identified on the following map in Figures 7&8. This map is titled ‘Military Settlements of the Waikato District’ and dates to the 1860s.
Fig. 2 Map of the Waikato Frontier dating to circa. 1873. The map indicates the topography of low hills and extent of marshlands throughout the Waikato and around Hamilton (arrowed) at this time. (Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, NZ Map 180).
heritage assessment FINAL 9 temple view block plant [2180603
Fig. 3 Extract of Map of Military Settlements in the Waikato District dating to the 1860s. Location of the Allotment containing the current Lot for the Hamilton New Zealand Temple at Temple View is circled. Map of Military Settlements in the Waikato District dating to the 1860s. Full image inset with location of the Allotment containing the Hamilton New Zealand Temple at Temple View site arrowed. (Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, NZ Map 4314).
6.1.3 lds church school development From the 1830s European traders and missionaries presented the change to local Maori culture as the Ngati Wairere people began to adopt Christianity. This conversion to Christian religious ideas and practices was accelerated with the arrival in 1854 of Mormon missionaries who aimed to teach the Maori people the Gospel; by the mid- 1880s, the Maori Mission branches outnumbered Pakeha branches throughout the country by a ratio of four-to-one.4
As the membership increased, the Mission leaders observed a need to provide education for the Maori population, as schooling at that time was generally only provided in the main centres. They formed their first school in 18865 and with the success of this venture, proceeded to establish more schools in the surrounding districts until improvements in State education towards the end of the nineteenth century witnessed a decline in attendance at the Mission schools.
4 Scott C. Esplin.,(2011), Closing the Church College of New Zealand: A Case Study in international Church Education Policy. 5 Hunt, B, W., 1977, Zion in New Zealand – A History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Zealand. heritage assessment FINAL 10 temple view block plant [2180603]
To support the further education of Maori boys and instruction in the fundamental principles of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the establishment of a college was proposed and the Mission obtained 130 acres of land at Korongata on 1 April 1908. Construction began during November of 1911 and the school operated from its official opening in 1913 as the Maori Agricultural College.
The school was subjected to a severe earthquake on 3 February 1931, which saw much destruction throughout the site and wider area. The school buildings were severely damaged by this event and the school was immediately closed from that date.6
6.1.4 establishing the lds church college new zealand site The process of establishing a new school for the LDS Church in New Zealand, was initially undertaken by Elder Matthew Cowley, who was ordained as an Apostle in 1945.
Elder Matthew Cowley was called to be president of the Pacific Missions of the Church, and he placed great interest in establishing schools throughout the region. In 1947 Elder Cowley arrived in New Zealand, and although this was his first visit as an Apostle, it was not his first to the Country as he had first served as a young missionary from 1914-19 and acted as Mission President from 1938-1945.
His visit in 1947 coincided with a realisation by LDS Church leaders that LDS Church members in New Zealand needed an opportunity to receive an education under the Church. The original mission for the LDS Church College of New Zealand [CCNZ] was to provide suitable education facilities for Latter-day Saint youth living in remote areas without access to state schools.
Matthew Cowley returned to the United States and recommended to the LDS Church leadership that a new school should be established amongst the Maori people. He duly came back to New Zealand in 1948 with the news that a school would be built and that it “was to be fully accredited, co-educational, centrally located, with sufficient land and livestock to provide the necessary food.”7
In June 1948, LDS Church President George Albert Smith assigned Gordon C Young the task of locating land for the College. Acting as New Zealand Mission President, Young located a suitable site which, in May 1949, was being used as farmland.8. The farm was owned at that time by farmer Burt Meldrum who was reluctant to sell to the LDS Church due to Government regulations9 that regulated land sales following World War II. This Act would prevent Meldrum from obtaining an alternative holding unless he was a returning serviceman, should he relinquish his existing land. The Land Sales Court Law was also in effect, and this Law froze property prices to those of 1942 levels, which made the sale of property unprofitable.10
To overcome this issue, President Young negotiated with the New Zealand Central Government in order to get the project under way. Through lengthy discussions with successive Governments, Young succeeded in securing permission for the purchase of
6 Hunt, Zion in New Zealand, 51. 7 Hunt, Zion in New Zealand, 65. 8 Young, G. C.,Te Karere, December 1957, 415. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 9 under Section 51 of the Returned Services Act. 10 Young, G. C.,Te Karere, December 1957, 416. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive.
heritage assessment FINAL 11 temple view block plant [2180603 the land, and on 25 July 1950, a letter of authorisation was signed by R. B. Hammond, the Crown Building Controller.11 With terms successfully agreed to suit all parties, the site of 215 acres was purchased for a sum of £200 on 23 May 1949.12
Fig. 4 Image of the site as farmland prior to construction. (Image obtained from Hunt, W., B., 1977. Zion in New Zealand)
Fig. 5 Image of the site as farmland prior to construction. (Image obtained from Hunt, W., B., 1977. Zion in New Zealand)
6.1.5 lds church college new zealand development The site was established under a clear programme instigated from the United States as part of the LDS international programme. A small number of the greater Church
11 Young, G. C.,Te Karere, December 1957, 418. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 12 Memoirs of Gordon C Young, p25: Ref: MJ9963 Box 2. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. heritage assessment FINAL 12 temple view block plant [2180603] membership had a direct contribution to the initially envisaged project, its inception and realisation, and its anticipated evolution through the labour missionary movement and their influence in places outside Temple View (the overall place name, which comprised CCNZ and the Temple). President Young had identified a number of potential sites for the proposed College during his investigations during 1948. In October of that year, Edward O Anderson, the Supervising Architect of the Church from Salt Lake City, accompanied President Young on an inspection of the prospective sites. With the most suitable site secured, surveying of the land began on 17 November 1949 and initial site and building plans were drawn up under the supervision of Anderson.
The LDS Church College project began in earnest during the latter part of 1950 with the clearance of three acres of ground as well as land that was set aside for farming to ensure that the new community would be relatively self-sufficient for farm produce. Much of the lower-lying ground was formed from peat, and consequently, the land required a degree of improvement through gradual drainage works and subsequent replanting.13
The overall supervision for the project was assigned to George R. Biesinger, and the LDS Church in Salt Lake City provided the initial start-up funds with a cash budget of USD$25,000. This funded the purchase of a timber mill in Otaua for the initial supply of construction timber. A sequence for the College construction work was established in 1951, with a block-making plant set up as a first priority in the farm’s old hay and manure shed. The first blocks were produced on 7 July 1951 and by the end of the year up to 2,850 were being produced each day, with many of the blocks also supplying LDS Church projects in Samoa and Tonga.
The first of the tradesmen to arrive in August of 1952 was Elder William Child, a brick mason from Salt Lake City, and others quickly followed with a force of 60 men attending site by the end of 1952. These men were organised into crews to undertake the various trade disciplines. Eventually, up to 36 qualified craftsmen arrived with their families from the US, and these provided construction supervision and training for the local LDS Church members.
To assist the supervisors, up to 200 young men from mission districts across New Zealand were recruited to undertake the construction work, and each was given the opportunity to learn new trades and skills during their time on the project.14 The LDS Church community involvement stretched throughout New Zealand, with each centre of the LDS Church responsible, according to its population, to send its quota of selected labour, food for the workers and staff to cook it, in order to support the working men and women. Members attending the site construction were also drawn from many countries throughout the world, including Samoa, Tonga, United States, Canada, and both Maori and Pakeha from New Zealand.
The LDS Church recognised the significant value that could be attributed to the Temple View community through a combination of learning and building, and this philosophy was summed up in the article in ‘The MAC-Our Beginning’ from 1971:
13 The MAC, Our Beginnings. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 14 Elder Wendell B Mendenhall, CCNZ archive – CR 344/4 New Zealand Temple Historical Resource File. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive.
heritage assessment FINAL 13 temple view block plant [2180603 “Our Church recognises the values of learning and of building. During the ‘building’ phase of the school, more things are built, however, than just buildings, and more is learned than just skills. Testimonies and faith were the immortal structures which rose on the foundations of sacrifice and experience, and lessons learned included a recognition of the values of co-operation, the satisfaction of work well done, and the realization of the achievement possible when Maori and Pakeha, Yank and Kiwi united humbly for the fulfilment of a common dream.”15
Works progressed at pace during 1953 with fifteen buildings under construction including the Kai Hall, Classrooms, and Teacher Houses, whilst the Joinery Workshop and Automotive Garage were the first to be completed.
The project continued in its original scope of work until a visit by LDS Church President David O McKay in 1955. His visit coincided with a desire by the LDS Church at that time to scale back the project, however, he was so impressed by what he found that the scope of works was increased instead. The new scope of works confirmed the construction of the David O McKay building and the Matthew Cowley Administration building amongst others, and an announcement was made in February during the Hui Tau to construct a new Temple on the site.16
The final Teacher House was completed in September 1955 and by the end of that year the majority of the classrooms and dormitories were finished. With Edward O Anderson concentrating on the Temple design, Arnold Ehlers produced plans for the additional College buildings, seeing the start of construction during 1955 for the Matthew Cowley Administration building, and the new Block Plant with a Columbia Block machine.
Both the Temple and the College continued to be built almost exclusively through volunteer labour, and by December 1956 the mission was supporting 238 labour missionaries. By this stage, there were also 27 supervisors from the United States giving of their time, and in addition to these individuals, a number of women volunteered to cook meals for the workers. The various mission districts in New Zealand were asked to donate goods and produce to support the effort, prompting a newspaper reporter to write that “every tiny Church community in New Zealand which has made its contribution down to the last bottle of fruit should not be forgotten.”17
Construction of the LDS Church College site was largely complete by 1958 with the arrival of the College teachers from the United States on 18 January, and with the formal Dedication of the College undertaken on 24 April by David O. McKay in the cafeteria of the building bearing his name.18
15 The MAC, Our Beginning. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 16 CCNZ/Temple, 33. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 17 CCNZ sources from Chad Orton, provided to archifact by Emily Utt on 8 May 2013. 18 Hunt, Zion in New Zealand, 73 heritage assessment FINAL 14 temple view block plant [2180603]
Fig. 6 Aerial Image of the CCNZ site taken 1957 from Heritage Record. (Heritage Record, Walker Architects, 2009)
Additional construction works were instigated across the LDS Church College site by the end of the year, with plans for a Medical Centre produced by the local Hamilton Architects, Garry & Clapp. This building was completed ready for the start of the 1960 term and the following year in 1961 plans were completed for a new library to serve the College, with the design was undertaken by Supervising LDS Church Architect, Harold W Burton.
Fig. 7 Aerial image of the LDS Church College site showing the contextual arrangement of the different elements. The image is undated, however it is between 1964 and 1970 as the Boy’s garages have yet to be constructed. Note the Temple left of centre and the beginnings of residential development to the right of image. (DVD: Temple View-A photographic journey – the beginnings. The history growth and development of the LDS Church College of New Zealand and the New Zealand Temple – a photographic journal. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive)
heritage assessment FINAL 15 temple view block plant [2180603
Aside from the George R Biesinger building (12 September 1960) and a number of minor buildings or extensions being erected (the Boys Dormitory car port in 1970 and the Automotive Workshop extension in 1972), the Wendell B. Mendenhall Library building marked the end of major construction within CCNZ until the addition of the Library extension. The overall site layout can be seen in the site plan shown below.
Fig. 8 Temple View site plan as of July 2009. (Walker Architects. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive)
heritage assessment FINAL 16 temple view block plant [2180603] ccnz (including Block Plant)
visitors’ centre
temple workshops
motel ccnz president’s house
president’s house
Fig. 9 Aerial mage of Temple View on 20 April 1961 showing the contextual arrangement between LDS Church College and the Temple. (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Temple, Hamilton, Waikato Region. Ref: WA-55349. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/34885547)
Expanding rapidly, the College enrolled 342 first year students in 1958; rising to 647 in 1970. However, LDS Church education policy up to that point was to operate schools in areas where there was a lack of quality public education, and following the death of David O McKay in January of that year, changes to the student enrolment regulations saw a rapid decline in student body enrolments to just 450 in 1974.
Although enrolment numbers recovered somewhat in the intervening years, the College continued to operate under increased financial scrutiny, with the Seminary programme offering more students a religious education for a lower cost. Coupled with significant improvement in the availability of state education and the significant costs associated with maintaining the ageing and deteriorating fabric throughout the LDS CCNZ complex, a decision was finally made to close the College in early 2006. With a staged closure plan implemented, the LDS Church College of New Zealand closed permanently at the end of November 2009.19
6.1.6 temple view development post-closure of ccnz Following the final closure and redundancy of the CCNZ in 2009, the LDS Church undertook extensive investigation into options to secure a continued use for the former school site. Commencing in 2012, the LDS Church instigated a comprehensive master-planning exercise for the Temple View campus under the guise of the Temple
19 Scott C. Esplin, (2011), Closing the Church College of New Zealand: A Case Study in international Church Education Policy.
heritage assessment FINAL 17 temple view block plant [2180603 View Project. The development proposals encompassed an extensive remodelling of the former CCNZ site, seeing some of the existing buildings upgraded, and a substantial area of the site to be redeveloped for residential use.
6.2 history of the block plant Unskilled missionary volunteers assisted with the construction of the LDS Church College site but when work commenced in 1949 there was little available building materials-lumber, gravel or concrete within the locality.20
Discussions undertaken by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Office of the Presiding Bishopric, Salt Lake City, Utah, in December 1950, centred on providing the necessary equipment to undertake building construction in New Zealand. President Young urged the LDS Church architects to construct the new buildings with concrete blockwork, on the basis that concrete had distinct advantages over timber in the New Zealand environment.21 Recommendations at that time indicated that it would be necessary to supply a block making machine, “similar to the one we have sent to Tonga, Tahiti and Samoa for use in the construction of the Maori Agricultural College.”22
The construction of a new block plant at CCNZ site was proposed in 195123 and the first block machine was sent from California to New Zealand. This was a Stephen Flam model which was delivered to the site at the beginning of July. Otto Buehner, an experienced block-maker, whose son was just finishing a mission in New Zealand,24 accompanied the delivery of the concrete-block machine with the aim of teaching its operation to the construction crews.
Prior to his arrival Elder E.W Buehner, Elder J.H. Nielson, Brother Mat Tarawa and Brother Tom Clarke unpacked the block plant and set up the machine in the old farm's hay and manure shed.25
20 CCNZ/NZ TEMPLE, Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, Ref: NZ- 01—00161, Box 1 Folder 3 21 Tiki and Temple, 234. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 22 Letter sent by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Office of the Presiding Bishopric, Salt Lake City, Utah, 7 December 1950. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 23 Letter from Otto Buehner & Co, Salt Lake City 6, Utah, dated 1951– copy held within Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive - . 24 Te Rongo Pai, 10. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 25 CCNZ/NZ TEMPLE, p20. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, Ref: NZ-01—00161, Box 1 Folder 3 heritage assessment FINAL 18 temple view block plant [2180603]
Fig. 10 Photograph of first block plant (1951) (Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive)
The block-making plant commenced operation under the direction of Elder Nielson on 7 July 1951 using Portland cement imported from the United States. The machine began production at the rate of approximately 250 concrete blocks per day, but by the end of 1951 an eight-man crew was producing 2,850 blocks each day, and those blocks were stockpiled for the college buildings and three projected chapels.26 Blocks from this plant were used to construct CCNZ buildings such as the teacher housing, dormitories, joinery and motel.27
Cement supplies were initially considered a major problem and to begin the project, 5,000 tons of cement and quantities of steel were brought from America,28 with a further shipment of 3,000 bags of cement being delivered in the following months.29 Local supplies were eventually obtained to satisfy demand.30
The plant produced enough concrete blocks for all LDS construction projects in New Zealand, but between fifty and seventy-five tons of blocks were also shipped to Samoa each month, with the capacity to produce another 200 tons for the Pacific Islands had shipping space been available.31
By 1955 the site of the original block plant site was required for the further development of CCNZ and a need was identified at that time for a new block making machine to facilitate the on-going construction works. The site where the first block machine was installed no longer exists, but was located in part of the quadrangle between the Mathew Cowley building and the David O McKay building. That location was originally a hill and when the block machine was moved, the hill was bulldozed away.32
26 Tiki and Temple, p242. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 27 Te Rongo Pai, p172. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 28 The Mormons in New Zealand by Barbara Baigent, 19 February 1959, 252– copy held within Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 29 Tiki and Temple, 242. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive. 30 CCNZ/NZ TEMPLE, p14. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, Ref: NZ-01—00161, Box 1 Folder 3 31 Tiki and temple, p252. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 32 CCNZ/NZ TEMPLE, p20. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, Ref: NZ-01—00161, Box 1 Folder 3
heritage assessment FINAL 19 temple view block plant [2180603 Following its decommissioning, there is the possibility that the original Stephen Flam block making machine was transferred to Tahiti; however, this is yet to be confirmed by documentary evidence.33
Approximate location of original block plant (1951)
Location of block plant (1955)
Fig. 11 Partial aerial view of the CCNZ site showing the locations of the block plants. (Google Maps 2018)
A new Columbia Block Machine was sent from America to the College site in September 1955, where it was assembled by Elder Perry Brown and his crew. These men recalled the event of receiving the new block making machinery: “With such a venturous and diversified crew as we had”, someone told me, “Elder Perry Brown determination and Maurice Pearson’s congenial ways, the jig saw puzzle was scattered and separated and mixed up by all and sundry. Combined with the mud, and no-one really knowing where anything should go anyway, the block plant was in a bad way for a while, then….guess what? We put it together.”34
Once assembled, the block plant building was erected around it by Elder Perry Brown and his crew,35 and became fully operational in March 1956. At that time, this block- making machine was understood to be the largest of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere.36 The Block Plant obtained the aggregate materials from the quarry at a specific cost which covered the operations of the quarry. Then the cost of cement was added (most of the cement was shipped from America because of New Zealand shortages) plus labour and overheads and so the cost of each block was obtainable and chargeable to the specific building on which it was used. The Block Plant could produce between 5,000 to 8,000 blocks per day according to the size of the block.37
33 Oral information supplied by Elder Summerhays and Elder Garry, 24 August 2017. 34 The Mormons in New Zealand by Barbara Baigent, 19 February 1959, 145-146. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 35 CCNZ/NZ TEMPLE, p20 Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, Ref: NZ-01—00161, Box 1 Folder 3 36 The Mormons in New Zealand by Barbara Baigent, 19 February 1959, 259. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, 37 The Mormons in New Zealand by Barbara Baigent, 19 February 1959, 99. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive, heritage assessment FINAL 20 temple view block plant [2180603] The Block plant supplied the materials for building the Temple, chapels, college buildings and shops.38
The Block Plant Building also housed areas where the blocks were cured, cement storage, generator rooms, plumbing shop, and paint storage.39 It was one of a group of buildings that housed trades to aid in the construction of the campus and associated LDS buildings.
Fig. 12 Image showing mid-stage of construction for the new Block Plant circa late 1955. (Te Rongo Pai, p174)
Fig. 13 Image showing the completed Block Plant on 19 February 1963. (Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive)
38 Te Rongo Pai, p174. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive 39 Te Rongo Pai, p172. Copy held in the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive
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Fig. 14 Image showing the Columbian Block Machine (date unknown). (Te Rongo Pai, Copy held within the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive)
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Fig. 15 Image showing the replacement Block Plant which contained the Columbian Block Machine (date unknown). (Te Rongo Pai, Copy held within the Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive).
Fig. 16 Aerial view of the David O McKay centre under construction, arrow indicated the Block Plant. (Heritage Record, Walker Architects, November 2009).
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Fig. 17 Image showing the replacement Block Plant which contained the Columbian Block Machine (date unknown). Note the three-segment hollow core blocks in the storage yard. (Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive).
Fig. 18 Image showing the storage yard to the east of the Block Plant building. (Matthew Cowley Pacific Church History Centre, Temple View Archive).
Various types of block were produced, in a wide configuration of sizes and design. The principal construction blocks for the Temple and all other CCNZ buildings, were a mixture of solid or hollow core (hollow core for areas requiring concrete fill and steel reinforcing). The principal block type used for the majority of the main building
heritage assessment FINAL 24 temple view block plant [2180603] construction measured between 295mm x 195mm x 95mm (two-segment for the hollow core blocks) and 395mm x 195mm x 95mm (three-segment for the hollow core blocks).
These blocks were laid in flat configuration with the external faces painted white, presenting the distinctive look of the standard LDS Church building form as displayed locally and in other developments throughout the world.
Blocks were produced in numerous configurations to cater for specific uses throughout the construction programme, including special 4” (100mm) deep blocks which were utilised for covering the concrete ring beams which were installed at each level of the Temple.
Once concrete block production ceased, the block plant was subsequently incorporated into CCNZ and used for various activities including the weight room, bus shed, and rugby dressing room.
heritage assessment FINAL 25 temple view block plant [2180603 6.3 chronology of site development A chronology of the CCNZ site development is shown below.
Fig. 19 Aerial image of Church College New Zealand showing the chronology of building development. (Base Image source: Google Earth 2013).
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7. site 7.1 former church college new zealand site The former LDS Church College site extends over some 87 hectares and contains a number of buildings of distinctly variable form, scale and function. The original building layout for the site can be seen below.
Fig. 20. LDS Church College New Zealand site plan circa 2013. (Base image source: CCNZ archive)
The LDS Church College New Zealand complex was designed to take advantage of the distinct natural topography, and from Hamilton to the east, Tuhikaramea Road rises gently from the Waikato Basin plateau to continue on a southern trajectory through Temple View.
The following images describe the college as found in 2013. A number of buildings have now been demolished to make way for the comprehensive redevelopment of the site, including the David O McKay Centre.
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Fig. 21 Looking towards the south along Tuhikaramea Road on the approach to Temple View. Note the approaching Boy’s Dormitories on the left of image.(Source: Google Streetview., 2013)
The complex is sited on the eastern side of a small prominence, with the Boy’s Dormitories being the first LDS College buildings to be encountered along this route from the north, and forming the head of the development from this aspect and nestling on land that falls towards the east.
Continuing southwards around a left-hand bend, further LDS College building’s come into view on the eastern side; firstly the Matthew Cowley Administration Building, followed by the Classrooms, which line the road on a downward course to where the road straightens out past the Teacher Housing units.
Fig. 22 Looking south along Tuhikaramea Road and Fig. 23 Looking north towards the Matthew Cowley towards the Matthew Cowley Administration building on Administration building and associated entrance parking the left. (Source: Google Streetview., 2013) area. (Source: Google Streetview., 2013)
Fig. 24 Looking east towards the classroom blocks from Fig. 25 Looking south-east towards the classroom blocks Tuhikaramea Road. (Archifact-Architecture & from Tuhikaramea Road. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Conservation Ltd., 2013)
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The College buildings are set back from the road and their alignment is integral to framing an avenue, which is delineated by a wide, tree-lined grassed berm that provides a buffer between the highway and the College facilities. This avenue follows the natural ridgeline topography until it falls again towards the south.
Pedestrian access to the College site is initially obtained via a lay-by drop-off point at the main entrance Administration block with further vehicular access to the site provided via the principal LDS College service road called Mission Way; located some 200 metres to the south. Turning east onto Mission Way, the first building encountered on the left is the Library, designed by LDS Church Architect Harold W Burton, and to the right lies the College Training Centre and Joinery Workshop.
Fig. 26 Looking east along Mission Way, with the Wendell B Mendenhall Library on the left of the image. (Source: Google Streetview., 2013
An off-shoot of this service road is positioned opposite the Training Centre and is directed along the western side the David O. McKay building, which occupies land towards the rear of the Administration block. This road opens into a large tarmac car- park, which forms the hub of buildings clustered at the northern end of the College complex. These buildings include the David O McKay at the south-east quarter, the Classroom’s stretching away to the south-west, the Matthew Cowley Administration building to the west, the Medical Centre to the east and the Boy’s Dormitories to the north.
Modernist design influences are apparent in the design of the majority of the LDS Church College buildings on the site, with particular relevance to the David O McKay, Library, Classrooms and Dormitory buildings. The design of each of these buildings tends to portray the characteristic Modernist clean, straight edges, recessed elements and alignment of fenestration with linear horizontal or vertical emphasis. Each area of the building is recognisable through the manipulation of building blocks that are juxtaposed in scale and form according to their function, and each principal space is linked to the next with a correspondingly scaled element.
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Fig. 27. Looking east across the car park towards Fig. 28. Looking north towards the Boy’s Dormitories the David O McKay Building (Archifact-Architecture from the central car park.(Archifact-Architecture & & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The largest of the LDS Church College building elements is the David O McKay Building and this is sited on a relatively flat area of land some distance from the main road. Aside from distant views on the approach from Hamilton, the building is all but hidden from public view as it is shielded by trees and by the other College facilities that border the road.
Fig. 29 Looking towards the foyer Fig. 30 Looking north west along Fig. 31 Distant views to the east of the David O McKay Auditorium. the service area of the David O and looking over the stadium (Archifact-Architecture & McKay building. (Archifact- bleachers from the David O McKay Conservation Ltd., 2013) Architecture & Conservation Ltd., building level. (Archifact-Architecture 2013) & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The immediate site surrounds throughout the northern and western aspects are generally laid to lawn with areas of low-level shrub planting, unbounded by physical barriers creating an open, natural feel to the development.
To the north east, a concrete service road delineates the north-eastern boundary and this provides an access route to the service facilities, which are generally located on this side of the building. Aside from the service road, the eastern aspect of the wider site surrounds command distant views over the Waikato Basin, where the complex takes advantage of the landscape contours to provide a natural stadium amphitheatre that overlooks playing facilities formed on the level of the Waikato Basin. The immediate surrounds for the south-eastern aspect, consists of a narrow terrace that overlooks an area largely taken over by filter tanks serving the swimming pool complex. heritage assessment FINAL 30 temple view block plant [2180603] Beyond this installation, the area again opens out to a grassed area that is populated by a mixture of trees and distant views of the Hamilton New Zealand Temple site to the south west.
At the north end of the central car-park, the original core of the Boy’s Dormitory block is situated on gently sloping land that falls away to the north and east of the ridgeline that is demarcated by Tuhikaramea Road. The dormitory wings are arranged as separate linear two-storey units, which are spread around a central detached core formed by a single storey Boy’s Dormitory Lounge. The dormitory blocks identified as Boyack and Taylor are situated closest to the road, while Oaks and Wiser blocks are set back deeper into the site, with the Wiser unit slightly detached from the other buildings due to its later inclusion into the site development. This unit straddles ground that falls more steeply away towards the natural level of the Waikato basin.
Fig. 32 Looking north-west towards the Taylor Dormitory Fig. 33 Looking east towards Boyack Dormitory. with the covered walkway connecting the buildings to the (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Administration block (out of picture to the left of image). (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The dormitories are accessed via two principal routes with pedestrian access gained from the layby adjacent to the Administration building and from the car park, which is situated at the rear of the Administration and David O McKay buildings. Occasional vehicular access for the dormitory complex is also available from this car park to a tarmac loading area formed between the Oakes and Wiser buildings. A covered pedestrian walkway leads from the Administration building to the dormitory wings, whilst further pathways run parallel to each dormitory building with low-height, concrete block walls forming a border between the footpath and the immediate site surrounds of each block. The immediate site surrounds of each dormitory is generally laid to lawn and populated by a scattering of low-level shrub planting. The principal front entrance of each of the dormitory blocks is set at the end closest to the central communal building core.
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Fig. 34 Looking north towards Oakes Dormitory. Fig. 35 Looking north towards Wiser Dormitory. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The Medical Centre is located at the eastern side of the LDS Church College site, in a position that lies roughly in an alignment equidistant, and parallel to the David O McKay building and the Boys’ Dormitories. The principal building entrance is orientated towards the south-east; looking across the main car park towards the Administration Building. The rear elevation faces north-east with unrestricted views across the playing fields and the Waikato Basin towards Hamilton.
Adjacent to the north-eastern corner of the Medical Centre building, a set of garages have been constructed and these are orientated to address the main car park area. The garages are located at the north-western corner of the Medical Centre and are arranged as a block of four units with a small lockable storeroom at the rear of each bay.
Fig. 36 Looking towards the front entrance of the Medical Centre and across the main tarmac car park. (Archifact- Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
Looking towards the south-west, five, single-storey classrooms have been aligned to radiate away from Tuhikaramea Road at an approximate 45 degree angle. Each block is connected at its western gable to the next via a covered walkway, which also provides a continuous link through to the Matthew Cowley Administration and Library buildings. The setting of each block is complemented with open grassed areas; populated at the borders with trees and shrubs. Additional lines of concrete pathways cross the grass areas and link the path at the western end of each block through to the mid-point of the adjacent building’s southern elevation.
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Fig. 37 Looking west towards the classroom blocks Fig. 38 Looking east through the landscaped area (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) between classroom’s and towards the David O McKay building in the distance. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The plateau, which provides the site for the northern cluster of buildings, falls steeply towards the Waikato Basin at its eastern and south-eastern aspect. From the rear of the David O McKay building, this change of level transforms into a large, flat area, which has been set aside as a mixture of grassed land that is populated by a number of mature trees and an area of large area of tarmac that provided for netball practice courts.
The southern side of this section of land is marked by the Girls’ Dormitories and these buildings are primarily accessed from concrete paths linked to the site road network.
Fig. 39. Looking south across grassland and the netball Fig. 40Looking down the covered access steps, which courts with the Girl’s Dormitories in the distance. lead to the Girl’s Dormitory Lounge. (Archifact- (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
The dormitory wings are arranged as individual linear two-storey units, which are spread around a central detached core formed by a single storey Girls’ Dormitory Lounge. The dormitory blocks identified as Emma and Wealtha are situated closest to
heritage assessment FINAL 33 temple view block plant [2180603 the Library and classrooms, while Audrey and Elva blocks are set back deeper into the eastern portion of the site. Access to each block is via dedicated pathways to each, although the principal pedestrian access leading to the Lounge, is gained from the site road adjacent to the Library building via a steep set of steps with canopy above.
Fig. 41 Looking east towards Wealtha Dormitory. Fig. 42 Looking east towards Elva Dormitory. (Archifact- (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
A pedestrian walkway leads from the Girls’ garages to the dormitory and lounge areas, with a low-height, concrete block wall forming a border between the footpath and the planted borders. The immediate site surrounds of each dormitory are generally laid to lawn and are populated by a scattering of low-level shrub planting and mature trees. The principal front entrance of each of the dormitory blocks is set at the end closest to the central communal building core.
Immediately opposite the Girls’ Dormitories to the south lies the Joinery, Automotive and Engineering buildings. These are located at the heart of the LDS Church College complex; forming part of a cluster of maintenance buildings that originally served the operational and development needs of the entire site. These buildings are situated on gently sloping land that falls away from the ridgeline delineated by Tuhikaramea Road to the west, and are aligned roughly on a north-south axis in a staggered formation, with the northern gable of the Automotive workshop positioned a short distance from the south-west gable corner of the Joinery building.
The western and southern aspects address an open area of grassed land, whilst the eastern elevation of the Automotive and Engineering Workshop, forms the formal frontage that contains a number of large entrance doorways. To the front of this elevation, and to the rear of the Joinery, a parking and manoeuvring court with a tarmac surface which is accessed via the service road. A further vehicular parking and access point for the Joinery is available at its northern end, which addresses Mission Way.
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Fig. 43 Looking towards the front (northern) elevation of Fig. 44 Looking towards the rear(southern) elevation of the Joinery Workshop. (Archifact-Architecture & the Engineering and Joinery Workshop Conservation Ltd., 2013) (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
Fig. 45 Looking towards the front (eastern) elevations of Fig. 46 Looking towards the rear(western) elevations of the Automotive Workshop (right hand section) and the Automotive Workshop (left hand section) and Engineering Workshop extension. (Archifact-Architecture Engineering Workshop extension.(Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
From the Joinery, Mission Way continues east and meets another service road, which is orientated roughly on a north-south axis. Turning north, the road leads to the old Block Plant (most recently utilised as sports changing rooms), and this building nestles on Waikato Basin land set below the southern end of the David O McKay building.
Fig. 47 Looking towards the front (eastern) elevations of Fig. 48 Looking towards the front (eastern) elevations of the old Block Plant which was most recently utilised as the old Block Plant which was most recently utilised as sports changing facilities. (Archifact-Architecture & sports changing facilities. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Conservation Ltd., 2013)
Turning south at the junction, the access road forms the route towards the service buildings cluster set at the southern-most end of the College site, including the Kai Hall, GRB Hall, Canteen, Barbers and Dentist. These buildings are all single-storey, although the GRB Hall features a steeply pitched roof with a high ridgeline. Notably,
heritage assessment FINAL 35 temple view block plant [2180603 these buildings have generally been constructed in a more traditional New Zealand format; principally using timber framing and strip or sheet cladding materials but with scarce use of the concrete blocks that were made in the sites block plant. These buildings are orientated towards the west, with distant views of the ridge delineated by the Teacher Housing that runs parallel to Tuhikaramea Road
Fig. 49 Looking towards the front (western) elevation of Fig. 50 Looking towards the front (western) elevation of the Kai Hall.. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation the GRB Hall. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Ltd., 2013)
The overall character of this southern end of the LDS Church College site is dominated by the large area of open grassland to the west aspect of the buildings, although the land to the southern and eastern aspects differ somewhat with dense groups of mature trees and a rural farmland setting beyond.
Fig. 51 Looking across grassland towards the southern Fig. 52 Looking north, with grassland to the west and end of the LDS Church College site (Archifact- the GRB Hall to the east. In the distance, the Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) Engineering Workshop can be seen in the centre of the image. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
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Fig. 53 Looking south towards the boundary between Fig. 54 Looking south towards the boundary between LDS Church College and the LDS Temple site LDS Church College and the LDS Temple site. (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013) (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
These groups of trees tend to form a buffer zone between the LDS Church College site and that of the LDS Temple. The transition between the two, is formalised by a gated driveway and concrete pedestrian steps that follow a route formed through the trees and rises towards the LDS Temple site.
heritage assessment FINAL 37 temple view block plant [2180603 7.2 lds church college sites of heritage value The principal buildings on the College site include dormitories, classrooms, a library, the administration building, the David O McKay building, teacher’s housing, and extensive service facilities. Of these buildings, a total of six have been included as Heritage Items of Recognised Heritage Value in the Hamilton City Council Operative District Plan (July 2012). These Items are identified on the site plan shown in Figure 37 above.
Fig. 55 Site plan showing the LDS Church College of New Zealand with Items of Recognised Heritage Value. These items do not include the Hamilton New Zealand Temple site located towards the south of the site.. (Base Image source: Google Earth 2013).
In addition to the College facilities, the Hamilton New Zealand Temple is located on the adjoining site to the south. This place is recognised within the Hamilton City Operative District Plan as a Category A+ place of “Outstanding Heritage Value” (Appendix 2.3-II Heritage Items Schedule), and forms the core of the Temple Heritage Precinct. Of note, this Precinct is located within a Group 2, Significant Archaeological Site; identified as Site A210: Urupa (Burial Grounds) on Planning Map 14A. Further items of significance located within both of the above sites include a number of Category 1 and 2 trees, which are included in the Hamilton City Council District Plan ‘Significant Trees Register’.
An application for demolition of the David O McKay Centre was granted in 2017.
heritage assessment FINAL 38 temple view block plant [2180603] 8. the individuals or institutions connected with the place 8.1 david o mckay David O McKay was born on 8 September 1873 in Huntsville, Utah. He graduated from Utah State university in June 1897 and in that same year travelled to Britain to serve in a mission until 1899.
In 1906 at the age of 32, he was ordained as an Apostle from which time he undertook a life of service to the LDS Church at its highest levels. Elder McKay headed a delegation to the New Zealand mission on 21 March 1921 in an attempt to improve LDS Church and Government relations. The relationship between the New Zealand Government and the LDS Church was often strained during the early 1900’s. Initially issues arose with Government refusal to allow the LDS Church to perform marriages and in 1917 the Government placed an initial ban on Missionaries coming into the Country. This restriction was amended to prevent any further increase in the existing missionary numbers and these remained in place until 1947.
After becoming President of the LDS Church on April 9 1951, he developed a plan for the missionaries with a programme for teaching the Gospel, with an expansion of the LDS Church vision for worldwide missions.40 During 1955 David O McKay returned to New Zealand to check on the progress of the College construction and to search for a site for a new temple41. . In association with Elder Matthew Cowley, David O McKay was considered to have been instrumental in founding the LDS Church College of New Zealand. He returned to New Zealand in 1958 at the age of 84 and dedicated the LDS Church College of New Zealand and the Hamilton New Zealand Temple. After 44 years in the Quorum of the Twelve and 19 as LDS Church President, David O. McKay died on January 18, 1970, in Salt Lake City at the age of 96.
Fig. 56 Image showing David O McKay (circled) during his visit to the New Zealand mission in 1921 (Courtesy of Hunt, B, W, 1977).
40http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/presidents/controllers/potcController.jsp?leader=9&topic=events, Accessed December 2012. 41Esplin, S., C., 2008, Closing the Church College of New Zealand: A Case Study in international Education Policy
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8.2 edward o anderson Edward O. Anderson was born in 1891. Edward received a High School Diploma in 1914 from Brigham Young University42, Utah, a private University owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He then studied architecture at Carnegie Tech University; graduating in 192343, leaving to undertake work as a draughtsman for architects Edward B Lee and Alden & Harlow. He then returned to Utah to train with Cannon & Fetzer and Pope & Burton before starting his own firm with Lorenzo Snow Young, called Anderson & Young. This practice ran from about 1928 to 1936, during which time Anderson was President of the American Institute of Architects (Utah Section) from 1935-36.44
The practice undertook a number of major projects, principally instrumental in the design of some notable buildings including the Kingsbury Hall at the University of Utah; one of the more significant non-ecclesiastical buildings he designed (1928-9) and Granite Stake Tabernacle (1929).45 Both of these places feature in the United States of America, National Register of Historic Places inventory. Kingsbury Hall was recognised in 1978 as one of the principal elements of the ‘University of Utah Circle Historic District’ and the Granite Stake Tabernacle was recognised on the Register in 2003.46
Fig. 57 Kingsbury Hall at the University of Fig. 58 Granite Stake Tabernacle. Utah.(Utah.gov services, 2012) (Utah.gov services, 2012)
Anderson, while maintaining his private firm (which included some LDS meetinghouse design), worked on the Board of Temple Architects from 1939-1945 on the design of the Idaho Falls Temple. The Board was disbanded upon that Temple’s completion and Anderson became LDS Church architect in 1949 whereby he focused primarily on temple design, whilst other people in the office managed meetinghouses. LDS Church architecture became increasingly standardised in the 1950s under Anderson’s direction.47
42http://www.byhigh.org/Search/ByClass.html, accessed December 2012. 43http://web-search.andrew.cmu.edu, accessed December 2012. 44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O._Anderson 45http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/USHS_Class/id/16488/rec/5 46http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html, accessed December 2012. 47Information provided by Emily Utt, 14 June 2013 heritage assessment FINAL 40 temple view block plant [2180603]
Fig. 59 Bern Switzerland Temple Fig. 60 Hamilton New Zealand Temple (idschurchtemples.com, 2012) (Utah.gov services, 2012)
These standardised designs are evident in the construction of the Bern Switzerland Temple (dedicated in September 1955) and Hamilton New Zealand Temple (dedicated in April 1958). He also designed the three-story London Temple (London, England) in 1958 and was recognised for his work on remodelling the Salt Lake Temple, the Manti Utah Temple and the St. George Utah Temple prior to his death on 9 August 1977.
heritage assessment FINAL 41 temple view block plant [2180603 9. description and physical condition of the building fabric 9.1 general The block plant is a split level building nestled into the side of the Waikato basin site, it is accessed off a road within the complex called Mission Way.
The building is constructed of cement blocks forming the majority of exterior and interior walls and a timber framed roof. The exterior is painted and the roof is sheet metal. There are a number of timber doors, and timber and aluminium window joinery with clear glazing or some that have been boarded in. There is some corrugated pvc sheets used to clad in some previously open air covered areas. The floor throughout is concrete slab and is generally unfinished or the finish material is well worn. The upper floors are timber particle board with carpet. The interior walls are generally painted block, with a small number of areas left unpainted. There are some internal timber partitions.
The building can be described as a series of rectangular volumes which adjoin each other, it is likely their form and dimension have been determined by their former use. There is a central two storey volume with a skillion roof and centrally placed entrance, it is known that this was where the block machine was housed, with the building built around the machine. Single storey north and south wings extend from the central volume. Each wing consists of two or more rectangular volumes covered by a shallowly gabled roof.
The Block Plant building’s appearance is closely related to a number of the other buildings within the campus which can been described as in the “international style” typical of LDS church buildings in the 1950s. However the Block Plant is more of a reduced utilitarian nature with less order in arrangement of fenestration and proportional rationale.
A seismic assessment was undertaken on the Block Plant building in 2009 by Beca Carter Hollings and Ferner Ltd [Beca]. Their assessment found the Block plant building the overall building performance to be 40-50 % of the new building standard [NBS]. The building falls below 67% NBS threshold, which categorises the block plant as “Earthquake Risk” but above 33% threshold for “earthquake prone” buildings.48
The structural assessment notes that some isolated defects are readily repairable that will improve the performance of the building to 67%NBS.
48 Beca. CCNZ Block Plant – Seismic Assessment. Prepared for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. July 2009. P.1. heritage assessment FINAL 42 temple view block plant [2180603]
Fig. 61 Plans of the block plant by Beca, 2009. (Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd)
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9.2 exterior building fabric The following images describe the exterior fabric of the building as found. For clarity the below image gives a signifier for each of five parts of the building.
part c – central section housing block machine part d - - possibly part a – part b possibly block (behind) storage area southern wing curing area part e– possibly and plant room storage area
Fig. 62 View of the eastern elevation (front) of the Block Plant building
Fig. 63 View of the western elevation (rear) of the Block Plant, the building sits nestled into an embankment.
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Fig. 64 View of the southern elevation of the Block Plant, showing the part a,b and c.
Fig. 65 View of the northern elevations of the Block Plant, showing part c,d and partially e.
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Fig. 66 east elevation of part a with large timber sliding Fig. 67 South eastern view of part b and c, the block door and exposed timber rafters. machine was housed in part c of the building.
Fig. 68 Eastern elevation of part d, which is adjoined to Fig. 69 Eastern elevation of part d, showing recessed the north elevation of part c - the two-storey central entrance to the one-storey section north of the central section. component.
Fig. 70 Eastern elevation of part e and the northern most Fig. 71 Rear view of the roof of the building and part c. part of the building, stepped back from the adjoining section part d.
heritage assessment FINAL 46 temple view block plant [2180603] 9.3 interior building fabric
• part a
Fig. 72 Interior view of part a looking north west, interior Fig. 73 Interior view looking south west of part a. Timber walls are cement block. Opening to the right of the frame rafters and sarking of the skillion roof. into the interior of part b.
heritage assessment FINAL 47 temple view block plant [2180603 Fig. 74 Interior view looking south. Fig. 75 Interior view looing north east to double height opening, opening into part b can be seen to the left of the frame. • part b
Fig. 76 Interior view looking north toward part b and Fig. 77 Interior view looking north west into part b opening into area, note the change of level.
Fig. 78 Interior view looking west in part b. An opening Fig. 79 Interior view looking east in part b, the opening has been filled in with cement blocks. into part a can be seen to the right of the frame, an opening into part c can be seen to the left of the frame.
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• part c
Fig. 80 Interior view looking west from opening into part Fig. 81 Interior view looking into the north west corner of c, where the former block machine was housed. part c. Floor above it not original.
Fig. 82 Elevated view from stairs, looking north. Fig. 83 Elevated view from stairs looking north east, opening into the space can be seen right of frame.
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Fig. 84 Interior view looking south east toward stairs. Fig. 85 Southern wall of part c, showing opening into part b.
Fig. 86 Elevated view from stairs toward entry into the Fig. 87 View of stairs to the upper level. former block machine space.
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Fig. 88 Interior view looking north of the first floor of part Fig. 89 Interior view looking south of the first floor of part c. c, now used as training room.
• part d
Fig. 90 Interior view into looking in north east. The main Fig. 91 Interior view looking east into one of the partition Interior is divided up by block partition walls, with storage areas, previously used as rugby changing rooms. rooms closed off on the western side of the building.
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Fig. 92 Interior view looking east into changing room. Fig. 93 View looking east.
Fig. 94 View looking north along corridor where the Fig. 95 View looking west to back wall. changing rooms and storage rooms branch off from.
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Fig. 96 View from exterior looking into recessed “lobby” Fig. 97 Interior view looking south through entry door off area centrally placed in part d. foyer in part d.
Fig. 98 View looking south west, windows on the western Fig. 99 view looking at the eastern wall of the interior.
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Fig. 100 view of western interior wall, opening into plant Fig. 101 View looking north to generator in the plant room. room in the centre of the frame.
Fig. 102 View looking south toward an opening on to a Fig. 103 View looking east. storage area, accessed by the double doors off the exterior lobby.
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• part e
Fig. 104 View looking north from entrance into part e. Fig. 105 View looing south west part e.
Fig. 106 View looking south east, the entrance and Fig. 107 View looking to south east corner. garage door is in the centre of the frame.
heritage assessment FINAL 55 temple view block plant [2180603 10. heritage assessment 10.1 general criteria for significance This section establishes the terms adopted in the assessment of cultural heritage value. The criteria are taken from the Hamilton City Council Operative District Plan, Volume 2 Appendix 8 section 8-1.2
A conservative approach has been adopted for the assessment. Where the origin of an item is inconclusive and has the potential of having cultural heritage value (such as the archaeological significance of a site), this is identified. Should, at a later time, more information become available these items should be reassessed.
10.2 evaluation of historic heritage significance (a) historic qualities
i. Associative value: The historic place has a direct association with or relationship to, a person, group, institution, event or activity that is of historical significance to Hamilton, the Waikato or New Zealand.
The Block Plant has associative value as being an integral part of the establishment of the CCNZ campus and LDS church activities within New Zealand in the 1950s. The campus was established as part of the LDS mission to provide a high standard of education to the regional and wider Maori population, who as a result of their often remote locations, were unable to obtain educations comparative to that achievable in the main centres throughout New Zealand.
The Block Plant is part of a number of buildings that facilitated the construction of the campus. The campus establishment and the comprehensive development of Temple View was instructed by the international LDS Church leaders, principally President David O Mckay and Elder Matthew Cowley.
The Block Plant is considered integral in the construction programme for the church college, the blocks made were used to construct the specified facilities for the church college to development and instruct their programme in this country.
The Block Plant is one of the many facilities that was the workplace of LDS labour missionaries and volunteers to learn new construction skills during the construction of the campus and other buildings at the Temple View site.
ii. Historical pattern: The historic place is associated with important patterns of local, regional or national history, including development and settlement patterns, early or important transportation routes, social or economic trends and activities.
The Block Plant is one of a grouping of buildings that are integral to the establishment of the CCNZ campus and the development of the LDS church within the New Zealand. The cement blocks made at the block plant were used in the construction of a number of buildings on the site but were also shipped to other LDS build projects both nationally and in countries in the pacific region.
heritage assessment FINAL 56 temple view block plant [2180603] The Block Plant (1956) was purpose built to manufacture the most commonly used construction material for the building of the church college and its establishment as well as used for other buildings within Temple View and New Zealand.
The development of the purpose built church college and the overall Temple View context is unparalleled regionally and nationally.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for Historic Quality of the Block Plant is considered to have moderate heritage value.
(b) physical/aesthetic/architectural qualities
i. Style/Design/Type: The style of the historic place is representative of a significant development period in the city, region or the nation. The historic place has distinctive or special attributes of an aesthetic or functional nature which may include its design, form, scale, materials, style, ornamentation, period, craftsmanship, or other design element.
The Block Plant is a purpose–built building of utilitarian and functional appearance. Other buildings on the site are overtly represented in a modern international style that was typically used for LDS buildings within the local and international context. However there are a range of other building styles and constructions within the context of the site that are contrary to this style and have architectural value.
The Block Plant is made of cement blocks in a stretch bond pattern and is painted in the typical white of LDS church buildings. The rectangular form has clean sharp lines and is comparable to some of the other buildings on the site which represent a particular modernistic style that is typical of LDS post-war 1950s buildings.
ii. Designer or Builder: The architect, designer, engineer or builder for the historic place was a notable practitioner or made a significant contribution to the city, region or nation, and the place enlarges understanding of their work.
Edward O Anderson, a notable LDS Church architect, is credited for the overall layout of the of the LDS college, however it is not clear if he had any part in the layout or design of the Block Plant.
The Block Plant is described as being built by Elder Perry Browne and his crew. The building was constructed around the Block making machine, likely start with from bricks made at the earlier block plant. The layout of the plant is derived from a practical arrangement separate spaces associated the methods of processing bricks and other trade areas that were required.
iii. Rarity: The place or elements of it are unique, uncommon or rare at a local, regional or national level, or in relation to particular historic themes.(Research information explains why the place or elements of it are unique, uncommon or rare.)
heritage assessment FINAL 57 temple view block plant [2180603 The Block Plant has some rarity value for its purpose-built functional use as a place of which materials were made for the construction of other significant buildings on the site.
Research details that the Block Plant building as found on the site is not the original plant, the original plant was housed in an existing farming shed on the site and was used up until the establishment of the 1956 Block Plant.
The 1956 Block Plant was built around the block making machine imported from the USA. It is unlikely that there were many construction sites at the time, in New Zealand, which had a purpose-built block plant to specifically manufacture cement blocks as required as well as supply other sites associated with the LDS community.
iv. Integrity: The place has integrity, retaining significant features from its time of construction, or later periods when important modifications or additions were carried out.
The Block Plant appears to have had some minor alterations. A number of openings have been made and conversely some have been blocked in. It has been adapted for use a sports changing rooms and training facility. The large central two storey component which formerly housed the block machine has been divided internally by a secondary floor.
The alterations and additions appear to not have any significance to the former function and are indicative of the buildings adaptive re purposing.
The extent of alteration is not such that its original internal and external forms and features could not be reinstated.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for physical/aesthetic/architectural qualities, the Block Plant is considered to have low heritage value.
(c) context or group qualities
i. Setting: The physical and visual character of the site or setting is of importance to the value of the place and extends its significance.
The Block Plant was one in a group of buildings that make up the CCNZ campus. The former campus is part of the wider Temple View context which was established by the LDS missionaries in the 1950s. The majority of the former campus buildings have now been demolished to make was for the comprehensive development of the greater Temple View Site.
The Block Plant is situated on the outskirts of the remaining cluster of campus buildings set within a designed landscape. The Block Plant and is orientated to face away from the centre of the site and is nestled into a sloped embankment so it is relatively hidden from the main roadway through the former campus.
ii. Landmark: The historic place is an important visual landmark or feature.
The Block Plant as an individual building would not be considered a land marking building. The Block Plant building is not located prominently within the heritage assessment FINAL 58 temple view block plant [2180603] grouping of the college buildings nor the greater Temple View surrounding, and this is likely a reflection of its purely utilitarian function.
iii. Continuity The Block Plant represents through its appearance a character of building that is continuous throughout the campus setting, however its location on the edge of the campus grounds diminishes its visual presence and contribution to the original grouping.
iv. The historic place is part of a group or collection of places which together have a coherence because of such factors as history, age, appearance, style, scale, materials, proximity or use, landscape or setting which, when considered as a whole, amplify the heritage values of the place, group and landscape or extend its significance.
The Block Plant is a part of an original grouping of buildings on the former CCNZ campus which were coherently linked by their history, age, appearance, style, materiality and their location within the context of the Temple View community. A number of these buildings have now been demolished or are planned to be removed as part of the comprehensive development of the site. As per the criteria, when the Block Plant is considered within the group of remaining buildings the heritage values of the Block Plant are conflated with those of the wider group of buildings, most of which are stronger contributors in history and appearance the Block Plant.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for context or group qualities, the Block Plant is considered to have moderate heritage value.
(d) technological qualities i. The historic place demonstrates innovative or important methods of construction, or technical achievement, contains unusual construction materials, is an early example of the use of a particular construction technique or has potential to contribute information about technological or engineering history.
The Block Plant building physically and associatively represents the construction techniques (concrete masonry), that were commonly favoured by the LDS church throughout the site at the time of establishing the campus and the wider construction of buildings for the LDS community during the 1950s. Though the use of masonry construction was not uncommon to New Zealand at the time, the instruction and technique was largely informed by the church elders, church architects, missionaries and equipment from the USA.
The Block Plant building embodies the technological history and methods used to manufacture the cement blocks used on-site to construct the campus and greater Temple View site. Block were also shipped from the plant to building projects in the South Pacific. The block plant produced blocks of distinctive specification for the purpose of supplying the LDS designed projects.
The construction of the teacher houses in particular were the focus of much attention from government officials, the public, and the media, as the concrete
heritage assessment FINAL 59 temple view block plant [2180603 block construction cost considerably less than comparable homes provide by the government housing schemes.
The Block Plant building was purpose-built to fit around a block machine imported from the USA, the block machine is no longer within the building and the building is no longer used for block making.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for technological qualities, the Block Plant is considered to have low heritage value.
(e) archaeological qualities ii. The potential of the historic place to define or expand knowledge of earlier human occupation, activities or events through investigation using archaeological methods.
iii. The place is registered by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga or scheduled in the District Plan for its archaeological values, or is recorded by the New Zealand Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme, or is an ‘archaeological site’ as defined by the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
The site of the Block plant is not registered under the provisions of the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga act.
An archaeological assessment by Warrren Gumbley, Consutlant Archaeologist has been undertaken and concluded that the only sites of prehistoric occupation or burial are located Out the existing former Church College development.
(f) cultural qualities
i. The historic place is important as a focus of cultural sentiment or is held in high public esteem; it significantly contributes to community identity or sense of place or provides evidence of cultural or historical continuity. The historic place has symbolic or commemorative significance to people who use or have used it, or to the descendants of such people. The interpretative capacity of the place can potentially increase understanding of past lifestyles or events. (Research information explains how the place is a focus for cultural sentiment, is held in public esteem, contributes to identity or continuity, has symbolic or commemorative value or has interpretive potential.)
The Block Plant is likely to be of significant cultural sentiment for the LDS community, particular those associated with the building and construction of the campus, such as the labourer missionaries, elders who established the Block Plant and the campus and Temple View site.
There is known and potential cultural significance for groups who may have an outside interest in the historical and aesthetic qualities of the building, its function and contribution to the establishment of Temple View.
heritage assessment FINAL 60 temple view block plant [2180603] There current status is an associative or commemorative significance rather than an active significance due to the redundant nature of the working plant and machinery.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for cultural qualities, the Block Plant is considered to have low heritage value.
(g) scientific qualities
ii. The potential for the historic place to contribute information about a historic figure, event, phase or activity. The degree to which the historic place may contribute further information and the importance, rarity, quality or representativeness of the data involved. The potential for the place to contribute further information that may provide knowledge of New Zealand history.
The Block Plant as an individual building is unlikely to contribute any more scientific knowledge of the historical events and activities that took place at Temple view and the college than what has already been discovered and documented.
In accordance with the assessment criteria for cultural qualities, the Block Plant is considered to have nil heritage value.
heritage assessment FINAL 61 temple view block plant [2180603 10.3 assessment of heritage inventory record The following is an assessment of the Hamilton City Council Built Heritage Inventory Record form for the Block Plant.
The heritage criteria used for the record in 2012 has now been superseded by updated criteria.
1. Historic summary
• The historic summary could more clearly clarify the development of the Block Plant from the original block plan site 1951.
2. Integrity
• The Block Plant is described as “appears to remaining largely intact”, whist this is accurate to an extent, there have been alterations to both the interior and exterior. Significantly the central component housing the brick machine has been divided by the addition of a second floor.
3. Context – Group Values
• Very little description of the specifically how the block plant is placed within the group and its contribution to the group and context. • Has given this a high significance value but this would relate more to the grouping of buildings rather than the specific contribution and placement of the block plant within the group.
4. Cultural qualities
• There is only one argument put forward for the significance for cultural qualities. The argument details the importance is evident due to the formation of the “temple view heritage society”. Does not consider other groups that may have interest or cultural sentiment. • Argument is not specific to the block plant
heritage assessment FINAL 62 temple view block plant [2180603] 11. conclusion The Block Plant (1956) is one of a small group of buildings remaining on the former Church College of New Zealand Campus. The Block Plant was integral to the manufacture of the cement blocks used for construction of a large number of buildings on the campus and wider Temple View area, in particular the Temple at Temple View. Blocks were also sent to other parts of New Zealand and to countries in the South Pacific where there was an LDS presence.
The Block Plant, in appearance, is a utilitarian and functional building that does have a common resemblance to other buildings on the site which represent the international style favoured during the 1950s. Its physical location on the outskirts of the main grouping lessens its contribution to the historic character of the area.
The building has not been used as a functioning plant for many years, and more recently used as a storage and sports changing room and training facility. The campus was decommissioned in 2006, there is a comprehensive redevelopment plan being enacted for the site.
The Block Plant has moderate significance for its historical and technological qualities, relating to its association the LDS mission to establish the Church College and the technological function of the block machine and use of blocks throughout the site. It has moderate context or group qualities due to its inclusion as part of the wider Temple View development of buildings which serviced the needs of the campus and the LDS church.
The removal of the majority of the CCNZ buildings has left the Block Plant with little relationship to the original grouping and the Temple View site.
It is therefore considered that the Block Plant has overall moderate historic heritage significance.
heritage assessment FINAL 63 temple view block plant [2180603 12. bibliography
Bass, May, New Zealand Department of Conservation., 1993, The Northwest King Country: A History of the Land and its People / Researched and Written by May Bass for Waikato Conservancy, Dept. of Conservation. Published by Hamilton [NZ].The Conservancy Dept.
Elkington, R, J., (1958), Te Rongo Pai (The Gospel), History, Growth and Development of the Church College of New Zealand and New Zealand Temple Project.
Gibbons, P, J.,1977. Astride the River: A History of Hamilton Raynes, N., 1988. South of West Hamilton.
Hill, R, A, 1964.,Hamilton: Hub of the Waikato, 1864-1964.Published as Commercial Publicity for Hamilton City Council.
Hunt, B, W., 1977, Zion in New Zealand – A History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Zealand
Gatley, J, 2008, Long Live the Modern, New Zealand’s New Architecture 1904-1984. Published by Auckland University Press.
Raynes, N., c1981.,South of West Hamilton: A History of the Early European Settlement of the Rukuhia District, 1864-1914. Published by Hamilton: N. Raynes.
Scott C. Esplin.,(2011), Closing the Church College of New Zealand: A Case Study in international Church Education Policy. Religious Studies Centre.
Te Karere. Held in CCNZ archive
14.1 document information Hamilton City Plan Heritage inventory Record Form, Obtained December 2012.
Walker Architects Heritage Record. Report dated to November 2009.
Baigent, B, 1959 the Mormons in NZ. Held in CCNZ archive.
Memoirs of Gordon C Young, p25: Ref: MJ9963 Box 2.
Arnold Ehlers Oral History, p29, issued to Archifact by Emily Utt, 6 May 2013.
Tiki to Temple. Held in CCNZ archive.
14.1.1 reports Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd, 22 July 1998, Church College of New Zealand, Structural Condition Report.
Department of the Air Force, Department of the Navy, June 2007, Housing an Air Force and a Navy: The Wherry and Capehart era Solutions to the Postwar Family Housing Shortage (1949-1962). Provided by CCNZ
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14.2 electronic archive sources http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html, accessed December 2012 http://www.ldschurch.org.nz/?lang=eng&country=nz, accessed December 2012.
Utah.gov services, accessed December 2012
Index to the Journal of the New Zealand Institute of Architects, researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/.../paper.pdf Accessed December 2012.
New Zealand Institute of Architects ,www.nzia.co.nz/, accessed December 2012,
Auckland University, www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subjects/arc/arccol.htm, Accessed December 2012. http://www.hamilton.co.nz/our-council/council- publications/districtplans/proposeddistrictplan/Pages/default.aspx, Accessed December 2012.
Waikato Times article: Church College Building Gets Award, www.stuff.co.nz/waikato- times/news/.../Church-College-building-gets-award, accessed December 2012.
American Institute of Architects,www.aia.org/, American Architect’s Directory. Accessed December 2012
Archive material, Archives New Zealand: http://www.archives.govt.nz/, Accessed December 2012.
Matapihi, Collections from a number of cultural sources: http://www.matapihi.org.nz/en/matapihi/search?filter%5Bcategory%5D=Images&search _text=%2A%3A%2A, Accessed December 2012.
Auckland City Library: Heritage Images Online: http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/heritageimages/apphoto.htm, Accessed December 2012.
Alexander Turnbull Library: http://www.natlib.govt.nz/atl, Accessed September 2013.
National Library of New Zealand: Timeframe (Heritage images): http://timeframes.natlib.govt.nz/, Accessed September 2013.
Paperspast: http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast, Accessed December 2012.
Auckland War Memorial Museum Tamaki Paenga Hira: http://muse.aucklandmuseum.com/databases/librarycatalogue/BasicSearch.aspx, Accessed September 2013.
heritage assessment FINAL 65 temple view block plant [2180603
Auckland Museum: Research Library: http://muse.aucklandmuseum.com/databases/general/AdvancedSearch.aspx?datasetI D=570, Accessed December 2012. The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies, Accessed December 2012.
http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/presidents/controllers/potcController.jsp?leader=9&top ic=events, Accessed December 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O._Anderson, accessed May 2013 http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html, accessed December 2012.
Beca. CCNZ Block Plant – Seismic Assessment. Prepared for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. July 2009. P.1.
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appendix a – planning maps
heritage assessment FINAL 67 temple view block plant [2180603 Operative District Plan 18 October 2017 41B ±42B
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DESERET RD DESERET L 106 1:7,500@ A4 ¬¬ Disclaimer: Hamilton City Council can not guarantee thatCadastral the data information shown derivedon this frommap is 100% LINZ Digital correct. Cadastral CROWN Database: COPYRIGHT SEPTEMBER RESERVED 2014 59B 60B ¬135¬
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IN W D MARKET ST 109 O O G 133 Operative District Plan 18 October 2017 Till's 41A Lookout±42A
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Disclaimer: Hamilton City Council can not guarantee thatCadastral the data information shown derivedon this frommap is 100% LINZ Digital correct. Cadastral CROWN Database: COPYRIGHT October RESERVED 2016 59A 60A Volume 2 Zoning Map Map No:51A E M Operative District Plan V C I K R AY D D 18 October 2017 Y RI
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Disclaimer: Hamilton City Council can not guarantee thatCadastral the data information shown derivedon this frommap is 100% LINZ Digital correct. Cadastral CROWN Database: COPYRIGHT October RESERVED 2016
Volume 2 Zoning Map Map No:60A E M Operative District Plan V C I K R AY D D 18 October 2017 Y RI
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Disclaimer: Hamilton City Council can not guarantee thatCadastral the data information shown derivedon this frommap is 100% LINZ Digital correct. Cadastral CROWN Database: COPYRIGHT SEPTEMBER RESERVED 2014
Map No:60B Features Map Volume 2
appendix b – photographic record
heritage assessment FINAL 68 temple view block plant [2180603] The following images include the Block Plant in its context and describe some of the change of the surrounding site over time.
Fig. 108 Image of the site as farmland prior to construction. (Image obtained from Hunt, W., B., 1977. Zion in New Zealand)
Fig. 109 Image of the site as farmland prior to construction. (Image obtained from Hunt, W., B., 1977. Zion in New Zealand)
heritage assessment FINAL 69 temple view block plant [2180603
Fig. 110 Aerial view of Temple View site 1958 – Block Plant is arrowed (Dedication of the Hamilton New Zealand Temple, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and Church College, Hamilton. Ref: WA-45766. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/32054077)
Fig. 111 Aerial view of Temple View site 1963 – Block Plant is arrowed (Mormon Temple complex, Temple View, outside Hamilton. Whites Aviation Ltd :Photographs. Ref: WA-60077-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/23126488) heritage assessment FINAL 70 temple view block plant [2180603]
Fig. 112 The Block Plant circa 1963 (LDS Church Archive)
Fig. 113 Extract of aerial view of Temple View site 1964 – Block Plant is arrowed (Temple View, Hamilton. Whites Aviation Ltd :Photographs. Ref: WA-63052-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/23220979)
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Fig. 114 Aerial view of Temple View site 1972 – Block Plant is arrowed (Temple View, Hamilton. Ref: WA-70848-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23035634)
Fig. 115 The Block Plant in 2013 (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2013)
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Fig. 116 The Block Plant in 2014 – David O McKay building in the background - arrowed (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2014)
Fig. 117 The Block Plant viewed from Tuhikaramea Rd at Jan 2019 (Archifact-Architecture & Conservation Ltd., 2014)
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Fig. 118 The Block Plant (arrowed) and Temple View site as of Feb 2019 (LDS Church Archive)
Fig. 119 The Block Plant (arrowed) and Temple View site as of Feb 2019 (LDS Church Archive)
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