Chapter 4 - Health
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Alien Dominance of the Parasitoid Wasp Community Along an Elevation Gradient on Hawai’I Island
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey Marla Schwarzfeld U.S. Geological Survey Melody Euaparadorn U.S. Geological Survey Kevin W. Brinck U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Peck, Robert W.; Banko, Paul C.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; and Brinck, Kevin W., "Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 652. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/652 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biol Invasions (2008) 10:1441–1455 DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck Æ Paul C. Banko Æ Marla Schwarzfeld Æ Melody Euaparadorn Æ Kevin W. Brinck Received: 7 December 2007 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published online: 6 February 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Through intentional and accidental increased with increasing elevation, with all three introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneu- elevations differing significantly from each other. monidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have Nine species purposely introduced to control pest become established in the Hawaiian Islands. -
A New Leaf-Mining Moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx Botanica Sp
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 39–65A new (2019) leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.34265 MONOGRAPH http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae Robert J.B. Hoare1, Brian H. Patrick2, Thomas R. Buckley1,3 1 New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auc- kland, New Zealand 2 Wildlands Consultants Ltd, PO Box 9276, Tower Junction, Christchurch 8149, New Ze- aland 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author: Robert J.B. Hoare ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken | Received 4 March 2019 | Accepted 3 May 2019 | Published 22 Jul 2019 http://zoobank.org/C1E51F7F-B5DF-4808-9C80-73A10D5746CD Citation: Hoare RJB, Patrick BH, Buckley TR (2019) A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae. ZooKeys 965: 39–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.865.34265 Abstract Sabulopteryx botanica Hoare & Patrick, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae) is described as a new species from New Zealand. It is regarded as endemic, and represents the first record of its genus from the southern hemisphere. Though diverging in some morphological features from previously de- scribed species, it is placed in genus Sabulopteryx Triberti, based on wing venation, abdominal characters, male and female genitalia and hostplant choice; this placement is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene. -
VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY and INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and Monitoring Insectariums! !
! VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY AND INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and monitoring insectariums! ! Prepared for : GWRDC Regional - SA Central (Adelaide Hills, Currency Creek, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale and Southern Fleurieu Wine Regions) By : Mary Retallack Date : August 2011 ! ! ! !"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+& ,- .*!/'01)!.'*&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&2 3-! "&(')1+&'*&4.*%5"/0&#.'0.4%/+.!5&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------&6! ! &ABA <%5%+3!C0-72D0E2!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!F! &A&A! ;D,!*2!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*HE0-3#+3I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!J! &AKA! ;#,2!0L!%+D#+5*+$!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*+!3D%!1*+%,#-.!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!B&! 7- .*+%)!"/.18+&--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&,2! ! ! KABA ;D#3!#-%!*+2%53#-*MH2I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!BN! KA&A! O3D%-!C#,2!0L!L0-H*+$!#!2M*3#G8%!D#G*3#3!L0-!G%+%L*5*#82!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&P! KAKA! ?%8%53*+$!3D%!-*$D3!2E%5*%2!30!E8#+3!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&B! 9- :$"*!.*;&5'1/&.*+%)!"/.18&-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&3<! -
Forest Health News No
forest health news No. 181, February 2008 ISSN 1175-9755 BUDDLEIA LEAF WEEVIL UPDATE indicate weevils become inactive and hide at high temperatures. However, large numbers of very small larvae and eggs were found As reported in an earlier FH News (FH News 169, January 2007) in mid-February at all sites. the buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus, was released by Scion staff at five sites in North Island plantations from October 2006 to The weevil can be considered established at all sites as more than January 2007. Release sites were established in Whakarewarewa, two generations have been recorded, weevils were found after Kinleith, Lake Taupo, Esk, and Rawhiti Forests. These forests winter, and numbers have increased. Buddleia leaf weevil feeding were selected because they represent a range of different climatic has been found 145 m from the release plants at Kinleith and conditions. The sites have since been monitored closely for weevil 200 m from them at Lake Taupo. It is only early days, but feeding establishment, dispersal, and feeding damage to buddleia. Despite damage to some plants is impressive. Very heavy defoliation will many years of research in quarantine, how well the weevil would be needed, however, to reduce the vigorous growth of buddleia. do in New Zealand forests was uncertain. Further releases have been made in the Kaikoura area, Whanganui, In particular, we were interested to see if cleopus would survive Masterton, and Bay of Plenty between November 2007 and winter as adult weevils and/or pupae, and would larvae be found February 2008. in the cooler months. -
E.Quadrangulata
Durable Eucalypt Leaflet Series Eucalyptus quadrangulata Ian Nicholas and Paul Millen December 2012 Why grow durable eucalypts? New Zealand’s agricultural landscapes need sustainable land use options adapted to droughts and floods which complement pastoral farming while reducing soil erosion, improving water quality and habitat for native biodiversity. Eucalypts are renowned for their adaptability to droughty and eroding landscapes. They also provide excellent habitat for nectar-feeding birds and insects. With over 400 eucalypt species to select from there is a great opportunity to select appropriate species for the planting objective. With CCA (copper chrome arsenic)-treated wood now banned for many uses by the USA and several European countries, there are significant international and domestic markets for naturally-durable hardwoods. The wood properties of New Zealand grown durable eucalypts ensure they can replace CCA treated material for many uses and are also ideal for a wide range of agricultural and land-based industrial applications, particularly for posts, poles and utility cross-arms as well as heavy structural timbers. NZDFI (New Zealand Dryland Forests Initiative) has selected eucalypt species which can be sawn to produce durable hardwood. Using these species, NZDFI is committed to developing viable best-practice forest management systems to complement livestock farming. NZDFI wants to encourage planting durable hardwood forests and woodlots to protect steeplands and waterways, for shade and shelter, and to generate income from carbon credits and sustainable timber harvesting. Why NZDFI have selected E. quadrangulata? NZDFI have selected species that: • Produce highly durable timber (Class 1 and 2 Australian Standard, AS5606-2005) • Are drought tolerant • Coppice vigorously after fire and harvesting • Do not appear to spread as wildings • Have the potential to sequester carbon faster than pine on drylands • Provide nectar/pollen for native biodiversity. -
Ichneumon Sub-Families This Page Describes the Different Sub-Families of the Ichneumonidae
Ichneumon Sub-families This page describes the different sub-families of the Ichneumonidae. Their ecology and life histories are summarised, with references to more detailed articles or books. Yorkshire species from each group can be found in the Yorkshire checklist. An asterix indicates that a foreign-language key has been translated into English. One method by which the caterpillars of moths and sawflies which are the hosts of these insects attempt to prevent parasitism is for them to hide under leaves during the day and emerge to feed at night. A number of ichneumonoids, spread through several subfamilies of both ichneumons and braconids, exploit this resource by hunting at night. Most ichneumonoids are blackish, which makes them less obvious to predators, but colour is not important in the dark and many of these nocturnal ones have lost the melanin that provides the dark colour, so they are pale orange. They have often developed the large-eyed, yellowish-orange appearance typical of these nocturnal hunters and individuals are often attracted to light. This key to British species is a draft: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/files/keys-for-nocturnal-workshop-reduced-109651.pdf Subfamily Pimplinae. The insects in this subfamily are all elongate and range from robust, heavily- sculptured ichneumons to slender, smooth-bodied ones. Many of them have the 'normal' parasitoid life-cycle (eggs laid in or on the host larvae, feeding on the hosts' fat bodies until they are full- grown and then killing and consuming the hosts) but there are also some variations within this subfamily. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Tamarixia Radiata Behaviour Is Influenced by Volatiles from Both
insects Article Tamarixia radiata Behaviour is Influenced by Volatiles from Both Plants and Diaphorina citri Nymphs Yan-Mei Liu 1,2 , Shu-Hao Guo 1, Fei-Feng Wang 1, Li-He Zhang 2, Chang-Fei Guo 2, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson 3, Bao-Li Qiu 1,2 and Wen Sang 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (Y.-M.L.); [email protected] (S.-H.G.); wff[email protected] (F.-F.W.); [email protected] (B.-L.Q.) 2 Engineering Research Center of Biological control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (L.-H.Z.); [email protected] (C.-F.G.) 3 Independent Science Advisor, York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-20-8528-3717 Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 13 May 2019; Published: 16 May 2019 Abstract: Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is an important ectoparasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a globally destructive pest of citrus. In the present study, a Y-tube olfactometer was employed to investigate whether the parasitoid T. radiata is capable of utilizing the odour source emitted by both plants and insect hosts during its foraging. The odour sources included Murraya paniculata (L.) shoots, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, both individually and in combinations. Moreover, nymph-stage choice for parasitism, including 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, was carried out. The results indicated that female T. radiata were only significantly attracted to volatiles emitted by M. -
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND and SOCIALLY JUST ALTERNATIVES to the INDUSTRIAL FARMING MODEL Miguel A
AGRONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE DURING TRANSITION TO O ... Page 1 of 18 Search Print this chapter Cite this chapter AGROECOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AND SOCIALLY JUST ALTERNATIVES TO THE INDUSTRIAL FARMING MODEL Miguel A. Altieri University of California, Berkeley Keywords: agroecology, agroforestry systems, traditional agriculture, organic farming, sustainable development, biodiversity Contents 1. Introduction 2. Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture for Small Farmers in the Developing World 3. Organic Agriculture in the Industrial World 4. Moving Ahead 5. Conclusions Related Chapters Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch 3.6 Agronomic and Ecological Performance during Transition to Organic Management The process of conversion of an agroecosystem from a high-input conventional management system to a low-external-input system can be conceptualized as a transitional process with three marked phases (Figure 6). Increased efficiency of input use as emphasized by traditional integrated pest management. Input substitution or substitution of environmentally benign inputs for agrochemical inputs as practiced by many organic farmers. System redesign: diversification with an optimal crop/animal assemblage, which encourages synergism so that the agroecosystem may sponsor its own soil fertility, natural pest regulation, and crop productivity. For scientists involved in transition research, an important outcome of these studies is the realization that the process of converting a conventional crop production system that relies heavily on synthetic, petroleum-based inputs to a legally certifiable, low-external input, organic system is not merely a process of withdrawing external inputs, with no compensatory replacement or alternative management. Considerable ecological knowledge is required to direct the array of http://greenplanet.eolss.net.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/EolssLogn/mss/C10/E5-15A.. -
Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 2020, 51(1): 03–13 New species and records of Palaearctic Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Hybrizontinae, and Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Z. VAS Zoltán Vas, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Hymenoptera Collection, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13., Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The following taxonomical and faunistical results are presented in this paper: regarding Campopleginae, Lathrostizus atrox sp. nov. and Phobocampe kaszabi sp. nov. are described from Mongolia, and the first records of Phobocampe brumatae Horstmann, 2009, Phobocampe pulchella (Thomson, 1887) and Phobocampe quercus Horstmann, 2008 from Hungary, and Clypeoplex cerophagus (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Bulgaria are reported; regarding Cryptinae, Thaumatogelis lichtensteini (Pfankuch, 1913) is first reported from Moldova; regarding Hybrizontinae, the first records of Ghilaromma ussuriensis Tobias, 1988 from North Korea, Hybrizon buccatus (Brebisson, 1825) from Serbia, Kosovo, Romania and North Korea, Hybrizon ghilarovi Tobias, 1988 from Germany, and Hybrizon pilialatus Tobias, 1988 from Romania are reported; regarding Tersilochinae, the first Hungarian records of Probles (Euporizon) truncorum (Holmgren, 1860) and Tersilochus (Tersilochus) obliquus (Thomson, 1889) are given. Keywords. Clypeoplex, Ghilaromma, Hybrizon, Lathrostizus atrox sp. nov., Phobocampe kaszabi sp. nov., Probles, Tersilochus, Thaumatogelis INTRODUCTION nym taxa are not repeated here. The applied mor- phological terminology is primarily based on he continuing identification process of the Gauld (1991) and Gauld et al. (1997); however, in T Ichneumonidae material in the Hungarian Na- some cases, especially about of wing veins, the tural History Museum (HNHM, Budapest) already corresponding terminology of Townes (1969) is resulted in several taxonomical and faunistical also given. Identifications were based on Uchida discoveries regarding the Palaearctic region in the (1954), Horstmann (1971a, b, 1978, 1981), Kas- recent years (see e.g. -
The Role of Orchard Habitats and the Surrounding Landscape in Supporting Apple Production and Conserving Biodiversity: Report of a Hudson Valley Pilot Project
The Role of Orchard Habitats and the Surrounding Landscape in Supporting Apple Production and Conserving Biodiversity: Report of a Hudson Valley Pilot Project. Conrad Vispo, Claudia Knab-Vispo, Kyle Bradford, and Otter Vispo. Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program, Jan. 2015. INTRODUCTION In the mid 1800s, as the extent of agricultural land in the Hudson Valley was peaking, orchard observers began to notice a blossoming of apple orchard pests. Not only that, but they associated this with the decline in natural enemies, specifically birds. It was a decline due both to direct hunting and to the loss of avian habitat (see Trimble, 1865). It should thus be no surprise that, when we look at other creatures, such as spiders, wasps and native bees, we – and others - see a detectable influence of landscape context. And, predictably, in broad strokes, and given that ours was a largely forested landscape, the abundance of those organisms is usually enhanced by the presence of forest in the neighborhood and reduced by the abundance of more altered land including residential or commercial development and more orchards. Although Native Americans no doubt created openings of various sizes, this region’s land was surely a wilder place prior to European settlement. In those forests, wetlands, and scattered openings, various insects made a living, feeding on plants, microbes and other animals, including other insects (in this report but not in taxonomy, “insects” includes spiders). As European agriculture expanded, new habitats were created or old ones reached novel extents. These habitats were dominated by the likes of grains, fodder, and fruits. -
Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae of the Montecristo Island (Tuscan Archipelago), with Some New Records for the Italian Fauna
Naturalista sicil., S. IV, XLIII (1), 2019, pp. 101-111 FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI & PIER LUIGI SCARAMOZZINO HYMENOPTERA ICHNEUMONIDAE OF THE MONTECRISTO ISLAND (TUSCAN ARCHIPELAGO), WITH SOME NEW RECORDS FOR THE ITALIAN FAUNA SUMMARY Data on the presence in the Island of Montecristo (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy) of 35 taxa of Ich- neumonidae (Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea) are provided. The specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in 2011 and 2012. Seven of the identified species were already known for the Tuscan archipelago, four for the Island of Montecristo. The total number of Ichneumonidae in the Archipelago rises from 20 to 49 species, that of Montecristo from 5 to 36. Eleven species are new records for South Italy. Townostilpnus chagrinator Aubert, 1916, previously known only from Cor- sica and southern France, is new to Italy. Key words: biodiversity, parasitoids, checklist RIASSUNTO Gli Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) dell’Isola di Montecristo (Arcipelago Toscano, Italia), con alcu- ne nuove segnalazioni per la fauna italiana. Sono forniti dati sulla presenza nell’isola di Montecristo (Arcipelago Toscano, Italia) di 35 taxa di Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea). Gli esemplari sono stati raccolti con una trappola Malaise nel 2011 e nel 2012. Sette delle specie identi- ficate erano già conosciute dall’arcipelago toscano, quattro di queste per l’isola di Montecristo. Il numero totale di Ichneumonidae nell’Arcipelago sale da 20 a 49 specie, quello di Montecristo da 5 a 36. Undici specie sono nuove per l’Italia meridionale. Townostilpnus chagrinator Aubert, 1961, in precedenza noto solo di Corsica e Francia meridionale, è nuovo per l’Italia. Parole chiave: biodiversità, parassitoidi, checklist 102 F.