The Fact Note Is a Series of Graphics, Based on Data, Concerning the Infrastructural-Spatial System in the Rhine Meuse Schelde Region*

The Fact Note is a series of graphics, based on data, concerning the infrastructural-spatial system in the Rhine Meuse Schelde Region*. Thematically the focus lays on the transport corridors for freight and the adjacent urban conglomerations. The goal of this Fact Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 Note is to provide a first shared picture of important structures and developments in this cross-border region and should serve as a basis for discussion. The graphics are based on a quick scan of data. This short research made clear, for a coherent image of the Rhine Meuse Schelde Region, there is still a lot of room for improvement in synchronizing and filling the gaps in data between the three countries. Therefor, this Fact Note is not an atlas or a statistical pocket book with a superb level of accuracy. Instead, it should be understood as a first working draf of a cross border image of the infrastructural-spatial system and developments in this cross-border region. * The Rhine Meuse Schelde Region is a generic term covering the areas of the Vlaams Gewest and the Brussels Gewest (Flanders), the provinces of Noord Holland, Zuid Hol- land, Flevoland, Gelderland, Zeeland, Noord Brabant and Limburg (The Netherlands) and the Rhineland and western part of Westphalia (North Rhine Westphalia). 1. Current System

Amsterdam

Top 4 Regions in Europe 17.196 Population and GDP (2017)

72.702

40,1 Million Utrecht 1.318,8 € Rotterdam Arnhem

Rhine Meuse Schelde Region Nijmegen

3 .76 395 Moerdijk 28,1 Million Tilburg 874,4 € Vlissingen Dortmund Eindhoven Duisburg Essen 0 0 0 Northern Italy Zeebrugge 3 6. 3. 7 069 Venlo

8 87 Düsseldorf Oostende 33. Antwerpen Wuppertal

Mönchengladbach

1 12 6 .0 23,68 Million 3 . 60 6 1 Gent 2 Sittard-Geleen 797,2 € Köln

Maastricht Bavaria - Baden Würtenberg Brussel Bonn Liège Aachen

11,8 Million 588,9 € Ile-de-France

SOURCES: Population: NL (CBS; 2018.10.02) / Legend waterway rail: mixed use pipeline terminal main freight route Flanders (Statbel; 2018.01.01) / NRW(Landesbe- trieb IT.NRW; 2017.12.31) // Gross Domestic Product overseas rail: freight only highway trimodal hub transhipment 2017 (GDP): NL (CBS; 2018.10.02) / Flanders (HER- MREG) / NRW (Statista) / Eurostat 2017 rail: passenger HSL city 76.000 (thousand ton)

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 1 1. Current System

Export between the three Regions (2016) Together, the urbanized areas in The urbanized conglomerations Germany the Rhine Meuse Schelde Region are connected by mature infra- 61 € Billion form the largest and strongest structure networks of different region in Europe in terms of pop- modalities: road networks, rail net- UK ulation (41 million inhabitants) and works, waterways and pipelines. 19,4 € Billion 20 € Billion

UK 13,4 € Billion economy (€ 1.318,8 billion GDP). The infrastructure networks are 38 € Billion The metropolitan conglomerations part of three main European Ten-T around Antwerp, Brussels and corridors. They connect this region Gent, the Randstad (Amsterdam, to the rest of Europe. The ZARA

35 € Billion Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht), harbours of Zeebrugge, Antwerp, Arnhem-Nijmegen and Brabant- Rotterdam and Amsterdam are NRW 32 € Billion stad (Eindhoven, Tilburg, Breda), important gateways that connect Netherlands 17 € Billion France 15,7 € Billion the Metropolregion Rheinland Europe to the world. Duisburg (Düsseldorf, Cologne, Bonn) and Hafen is the main multi modal in- 11 € Billion the Metropolregion Ruhr (Duis- land turntable for the distribution burg, Essen, Dortmund) form the of goods to and from the rest of Flanders Germany economic powerhouses of this Europe and Asia. France 35 Billion € region. Each metropolitan con- 39 € Billion glomeration has a rich cultural Export Goods per Region (2016) history, a broad variety of regional landscapes and offers attractive living environments. 5% 9% 7% 2% 16% 22% 3% 22% 18% The strong economic interde- SOURCES: 4% De Lage Landen 2020-2100. Een toekomstverk- 13% 5% 4% pendence between the urbanized enning 16% 6% 4% Metropolregion Rheinland, Datenatlas, Ausgabe 13% areas within the Rhine Meuse 5% 2016, Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf und Bezirksre- 14% 21% 7% Schelde Region, show the ex- gierung Köln 6% 10% Factsheet - Internationale handel - Uitvoer CBS 9% 11% 6% port figures of goods. The export 18% 9% 6% 9% Report Aussenwirtschaft; Daten. Fakten. Trends; Flanders volumes between these areas IHK NRW - Die Industrie- und Handelskammer in Nordrhein-Westfahlen e.V. NRW Machines and Electronics is often more important than to RVO Rijskdienst voor ondernemend Nederland Netherlands Other Branches Machines other regions in Europe. Together, Chemical and Pharma Products Other Branches DISCLAIMER: Rijkswaterstaat (Ministerie van In- Foods and Drinks Chemical Products the urbanized areas in the Rhine frastructuur en Waterstaat, The Netherlands) and Mineral Products Foods and Drinks the Ministerium für Verkehr Nordrhein Westfalen Machines Plant Products Pharma Products Meuse Schelde Region form a have commissioned MUST to produce a series of infographics for the Corridor Conference 2018. Manufactured Goods Transport Material Motor Vehicles and -Parts high-quality innovative region Chemical Products Synthetic Materials Rubber and Plastics The sources for the data were supplied by both Foods and Drinks Base Metals Metals with a broad range of knowledge commissioners and the Vlaamse Overheid. The final responsibility for the selection of data and the Fossil Fuel Noble Metals and stone Metal Products institutes, highly skilled labour, and Natural Resources Textile Electronics way they are being represented in the infographics lays with MUST. Transport Material Optics and Precision Machinery Optics, Electronics and Data Tools high-quality production facilities.

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 2 2. Population and Economy 2030

Population and GDP (2030) 18 Amsterdam 851.223

1,03 13 21 Den Haag Utrecht 17.881.000 532.561 347.483 10 10 Arnhem Rotterdam 156.600 638.712 1,2-2,2 15 Nijmegen 175.948

5 Essen Duisburg Dortmund 10 589.145 502.634 586.600 1,06 Eindhoven 229.126 5 8.202.989 Venlo 1 6 101.192 13 Wuppertal Antwerpen 3 353.590 523.248 Düsseldorf 2,0 635.704

6 Gent 5 19 260.341 Maastricht Köln 0,03 122.723 1.080.394 7 1 Brussel 4 Aachen 17.432.134 12 1.198.726 Liege 246.272 197.355 Bonn 325.490 1,4

increase > 10% decrease -1% - -10% SOURCES: NL (CBS; PBL; 2018.10.02) Legend Flanders (statistiek Vlaanderen; 2018.01.01) % increase X increase 1% - 10% decrease -10% - -20% NRW (Metropolregion Rheinland, Datenatlas, Ausgabe 2016, City Name % decrease X Bezirksregierungen Düsseldorf und Köln / Eurostat) Inhabitants (2018) no change / no info decrease > -20%

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 3 2. Population And Economy 2030

NRW: contribution to the GDP for different NRW: development of households (2030) Overall, the population and econ- Data observations regions (2030) omy in the Rhine Meuse Schel- For data on economic and pop- de Region will slightly increase ulation development, different Change in % per year Change in % per year ≥ 0,8% -2 - 2% until 2030. However, within the sources are available, for example ≥ 0,9% 2 - 4% region there are strong differenc- Eurostat data, national data cen- ≥ 1,0% 4 - 6% es. Almost all the metropolitan tres and regional data centres. De- ≥ 1,1% 6 - 8% conglomerations will enforce pending on the source, the figures ≥ 1,3% 8 - 10% their position as economic can differ strongly. For a realistic > 10 % powerhouses. This will result in comparison of developments in a growth of the population and the fields of economy and popu- their contribution to the GDP. lation Flanders, The Netherlands

Bielefeld The consequence will be that the and North Rhine Westphalia, a Bielefeld Münster pressure on the land for hous- harmonization of data is desirable. Münster ing and other spatial needs will Paderborn Hamm increase. An exception is the Ruhr Paderborn Weeze Weeze Hamm Dortmund area. Here, a decrease of the pop- Dortmund Duisburg Essen Duisburg Essen ulation is being expected in most Wuppertal cities. Within the metropolitan Wuppertal Düsseldorf Winterberg Düsseldorf Winterberg areas, there are clear differences Leverkusen between different cities. See as Leverkusen Köln Siegen an example the zoom-in for North Köln Siegen Aachen Bonn Rhine Westphalia. Aachen Bonn Striking are as well the differences between Flanders, The Netherlands and North Rhein Westphalia. Flanders appears to grow as a whole. In the Neth- erlands there are some areas SOURCES: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2016/37/pbl-cbs-prognose-groei-steden-zet- of stagnation in between the door (01.10.2018) metropolitan agglomerations. In http://www.statistiekvlaanderen.be/nieuwe-bevolkings-en-huishoud- DISCLAIMER: Rijkswaterstaat (Ministerie van In- ensvooruitzichten-voor-de-vlaamse-steden-en-gemeenten-2018-2035 North Rhine-Westphalia many big frastructuur en Waterstaat, The Netherlands) and (01.10.2018) the Ministerium für Verkehr Nordrhein Westfalen https://www.bezreg-arnsberg.nrw.de/themen/s/strukturdaten/bev- cities and their surrounding areas have commissioned MUST to produce a series of oelkerungsvorausberechnung/bev_progn_2040.pdf (01.10.2018) appear to grow. For the rural areas infographics for the Corridor Conference 2018. Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR); PPT The sources for the data were supplied by both „BBSR-Wohnungsmarktprognose 2030 Ergebnisse für NRW und vorläufige the picture is not schematic: some commissioners and the Vlaamse Overheid. The Szenarienberechnungen ‚Flüchtlinge‘” will grow, but many seem to shrink. final responsibility for the selection of data and the Metropolregion Rheinland, Datenatlas, Ausgabe 2016, Bezirksregierungen way they are being represented in the infographics Düsseldorf und Köln lays with MUST.

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 4 10 miljoen ton = 1 PT 50 miljoen ton = 5 PT 100 miljoen ton = 10 PT

3. Transport Flows

Amsterdam hift Conta l S ine 17.196 da rs o M 2017 t Co l Shif ntai a ne 7 od rs 2.702 50 % M Shortsea EU 23 % 35 - 40 % 60 - 65 % Utrecht 27 % ) Rotterdam Arnhem P rt or o t isp of du 2017 2030 Duisburg ( 55 % 35 % 3 9 5 .7 6 Nijmegen 35 % 45 % 3

11 % 20 % P ort m of Rotterda Duisburg Vlissingen Essen Dortmund Eindhoven

0 Zeebrugge 3 0 ift Con 3 0 Sh ta .06 6. al ine 9 Venlo 7 d r 8 o s 87 M 33. Antwerpen Wuppertal Shortsea EU Düsseldorf 35 - 40 % 60 - 65 %

12 0.0 Gent 16 2017 2030 26.361 56 % 43 % Köln

35 % 42 % Maastricht Brussel 9 % 15 % Aachen Bonn P rp Liège ort of Antwe

SOURCES: Goederencorridor MIRT Zuid; Goederencorridor Legend waterway rail: mixed use pipeline terminal transhipment Oost Logistieke Foto - Nederlands deel; Goederencorridor Oost Logistieke Foto Duitsland: deel grens NL – Duisburg; overseas rail: freight only highway trimodal hub 76.000 (thousand ton) all by Buck Consultants International; 2016 BENELUX- Rap- port, Secretariaat-Generaal van de Benelux Unie The line thickness indicates the tons of freight. city

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 5 3. Transport Flows

Growth Scenarios The harbours of Rotterdam, corridor a series of trimodal hubs The second important transport ities: a waterway (Schelde-Rijnka- Port of Rotterdam 2030 Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Amster- is situated. A special feature of this route between Rotterdam, Ant- naal), a railway line, two parallel dam are important hubs for the multimodal corridor is the Betu- werp, Zeebrugge and North Rhine highway systems and a pipeline.

* Billion ton transportation of goods through welijn as this railway infrastructure Westphalia is the so-called South Between Rotterdam and Amster- the Rhine Meuse Schelde Region. is exclusively used for freight Corridor. Until the German border dam the waterway and pipeline Situation 2013 From the ports, several corridors transport. At the moment, only it consists of four modalities: system do not continue. Container 144,4* cross the hinterland. The so-called 50% of its capacity is being used. waterways (mainly the Meuse), Dry Bulk 89,2 East Corridor is the most impor- On the basis of tonnage, the East highways, railway and several Future developments Wet Bulk 206,8 tant transport route in volume for Corridor has an important function pipelines. In Germany, the water- The so-called WLO scenarios are freight. It is a unique multimodal in the area of bulk by water and way system does not continue. based on different assumptions corridor, where waterways (Waal/ rail transport. For inland shipping The other infrastructures continue for worldwide developments in the

Low Growth Rhine), highways (A15) and rail towards Germany, the East Cor- to the logistic areas in Duisburg, economy and climate policy. The Container 225,0 infrastructure (Betuwelijn) lay ridor fulfils an important function Düsseldorf and Cologne. This cor- harbour of Rotterdam for example Dry Bulk 75,0 parallel to each other. This makes for the harbors of both Rotterdam ridor is the most important route uses four scenarios for future de- Wet Bulk 175,0 it possible to easily shift from and Antwerp. for the transport of containers by velopments. The scenarios make transportation mode. Along this road and of fuels by pipeline. above all one thing clear: planning strategies for the corridor have to A third corridor connects the deal with high levels of uncer- High Oil Price Growth per Segment 2018 2030 Growth in % Flemish harbours with North tainty. The modal split for freight Container 265,0 DB IJzererts 34 34 0 % Dry Bulk 85,0 Rhine Westphalia. Until the transport will strongly depend on DB Coal 30 39 30 % Wet Bulk 225,0 Dutch border this multimodal the growth per segment. DB Agribulk 12 7 -42 % corridor consists of three parallel DB Biomass 1 3 200 % modalities: a waterway (Albertka- Data observations DB Others 11 14 27 % naal, connecting with the Meuse), The data on the cross-border European Trend NB Crude Oil 95 96 1 % a railway line and highways transport are incomplete, they are Container 310,0 NB Mineral Oil 75 76 1 % (Antwerp, Aachen, Cologne). After not harmonized between Flanders, Dry Bulk 100,0 NB Chemistry 23 34 48 % the border only the road and rail The Netherlands and North Rhine Wet Bulk 240,0 NB Plant Oil 8 13 63 % system continue, thus crossborder Westphalia and the sources are NB LNG 1 23 2200 % transport on this corridor especial- difficult to access. CT Deepsea 71 164 131 % ly is effectuated by road and rail. Global Economy CT Transshipment 35 80 129 % DISCLAIMER: Rijkswaterstaat (Ministerie van In- Container 360,0 CT Shortsea 22 23 5 % A fourth corridor connects the frastructuur en Waterstaat, The Netherlands) and Dry Bulk 120,0 the Ministerium für Verkehr Nordrhein Westfalen BB Stael 3 16 433 % harbours of Antwerp, Rotterdam have commissioned MUST to produce a series of Wet Bulk 270,0 BB RoRo 20 26 30 % and Amsterdam. This multimodal infographics for the Corridor Conference 2018. The sources for the data were supplied by both BB Others 3 3 0 % corridor in North-South direction, commissioners and the Vlaamse Overheid. The consists between Antwerp and final responsibility for the selection of data and the Total in billion ton 444 651 47 % way they are being represented in the infographics SOURCE: Port of Rotterdam. Rotterdam, of four parallel modal- lays with MUST.

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 6 Amsterdam

Utrecht Rotterdam Arnhem

Nijmegen

Moerdijk Tilburg 4. Expected Bottlenecks Duisburg Vlissingen Dortmund Eindhoven Amsterdam Essen Venlo Zeebrugge Düsseldorf Oostende Antwerpen Wuppertal

Utrecht Gent Rotterdam Arnhem Köln

Brüssel Nijmegen Aachen Bonn Moerdijk Liège Tilburg

Vlissingen Essen Dortmund Eindhoven Duisburg Zeebrugge Venlo Düsseldorf Oostende Antwerpen Wuppertal

Gent Köln

Brussel Maastricht Aachen Bonn Liège

Legend waterway / highway rail: mixed use Congestions waterway lock SOURCES: NMCA (NL) waterway overseas rail: freight only rail bridge Verkehrsstärken NRW, Straßenverkehrszählung 2010 Verkeersindicatoren snelwegen Vlaanderen 2017 rail: passenger HSL highway

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 7 4. Expected Bottlenecks

Bottlenecks: maintenance of bridges The analyses in Flanders, The A second issue are the bridges: along the Rhine Netherlands and North Rhein along the Rhine, a whole series Westphalia leave no doubt: mayor of bridges needs to be replaced parts of the infrastructure systems or restored. These maintenance Rotterdam Arnhem for road and rail will be overload- measures can result in long-time ed. The bottlenecks are located bottlenecks, effecting the func- Nijmegen in the densely urbanized areas. tioning of the corridors. Here person and freight transport on road and rail are competing for Duisburg the same infrastructure. Further- more, in these areas the flows of Düsseldorf transit traffic and regional traffic meet and clash. This results in Bottlenecks: Congestion congestions not only on the inter- around cities Amsterdam 19% Köln national transport axes but as well on the underlying, regional and Bonn local networks. Losses of travel time for both freight and person Rotterdam 19% transport, subsequently economic losses and extra pressure on the Dortmund 18 % living environment (noise and Duisburg 22 % pollution) are the result.

Eindhoven 15 %

Düsseldorf 22 %

Antwerpen 28%

Köln 28 %

Brussel 33 %

Liège 17 % DISCLAIMER: Rijkswaterstaat (Ministerie van In- frastructuur en Waterstaat, The Netherlands) and the Ministerium für Verkehr Nordrhein Westfalen have commissioned MUST to produce a series of Congestion%: Average increase in transport infographics for the Corridor Conference 2018. time in the urban region as transport time over The sources for the data were supplied by both the whole day is compared with a situation commissioners and the Vlaamse Overheid. The without congestion (“free flow”). final responsibility for the selection of data and the way they are being represented in the infographics SOURCE: TomTom 2015 lays with MUST.

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 8 5. Infrastructure Projects

Decided Projects Amsterdam

Elst - Deventer - Twente

A4 Utrecht Arnhem Upgrading A16 Railconnection A15 / A12 Dortmund-Ems canal Tweede Maasvlakte southern part A27 A15 Calandbrug Emmerich - Oberhausen (Theemswegtracé) Vision Waal A24 Nijmegen Upgrading Wesel-Datteln Krammer locks A2 canal and locks Upgrading Datteln-Hamm canal PHS Meteren - Boxtel' A3 RRX Volkerak locks Maasroute Vlissingen Upgrading Deepening Dortmund-Ems canal A58 Navigationchannel ABS Essen Dortmund Eindhoven A67 Border D/NL Zeebrugge 2nd Rail connection A57 Lock Terneuzen Harbour of Antwerp Venlo A3 Düsseldorf Oostende R1 A11 (realized) Antwerpen Albert canal R4 Rhine: Duisburg Wuppertal Maasroute to Stürzelberg RRX N74 Lokeren - Sint-Niklaas Gent - Brugge A57 Gent European Norm A2 Knoten Köln (750m) Highering bridges Köln A3 R0 Albert canal Seine - Schelde - Vlaanderen Maastricht A1 A4 Brussel Aachen Bonn Liège Rail-Freight-Corridor European Norm (750m)

A61

Legend waterway rail: mixed use Projects waterway lock SOURCES: waterway overseas rail: freight only rail bridge, tunnel http://www.bvwp-projekte.de/ https://www.mirtoverzicht.nl/mirt-gebieden highway rail: passenger HSL highway integral project

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 9 5. Infrastructure Projects

The maintenance of infrastruc- Besides the decided infrastructure List of programs (not complete): Lage Landen studie: welfare and Smart Mobility services and a ture is an important issue in all projects, there is a whole series of the decentral urban system in the more attractive region parts of the Rhine Meuse Schelde programs and studies which are Programmaplan goederen- Eurodelta under pressure due to Region. The overview on the map still under consideration. An ex- vervoerscorridors: optimisation transitions climate, energy, mobili- Structuurvisie buisleidingen: (sheet 9) shows the decided pro- ample is the 3RX study for a better of the Corridor Oost and Corridor ty, agriculture and economy. secure current important position jects where for example budget is rail connection between Antwerp South (and linking opportunities in transit of fuels and chemicals allocated (Netherlands: so called and Northrhein Westphalia. for economic developments) AND secure the competitive eco- MIRT projects; in NRW projects 3 EUstates2Cross / Eurekarail: nomic position from the Bundesverkehrswege- The overview of projects and Corridor Antwerpen – Rotter- cross border traveling and eco- plan „im Vordringlichen Bedarf“, programs raises the question: dam: achieving more together nomic advantages Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2030: Flanders: major projects from how do they connect? Is there and integral, since the competitive future proof German infrastructure Departement Mobiliteit en Open- a bigger picture behind it from position is under pressure due to 4 MIRT studie internationale (most meaningful investments) bare Werken and „Meerjarenivest- a perspective of seamless cross worldwide trends. connectiviteit: being (econom- eringsplan AmsterdamInfrabel“). The overview border corridors that is beneficiary ic) competive (top 10 regions of Programme Beter Benutten: makes clear that high investments for all the metropolitan agglomer- Pipeline Antwerp - Ruhr area: Europe) – labour potential structural strengthening econom- are needed to keep the corridors ations in the Rhine Meuse Schelde Research into the spatial possibili- ics needs infrastructure that offers up to date. Region? ties for the installation of a pipeline EU; White paper on Transport: optimal accessibility to commuters between the seaport of Antwerp prepare transport system for the and business Utrecht Arnhem DISCLAIMER: Rijkswaterstaat (Ministerie van In- The sources for the data were supplied by both and the Ruhr area (Geleen) future AND have a competitive frastructuur en Waterstaat, The Netherlands) and commissioners and the Vlaamse Overheid. The and sustainable transport system JIVE project: Hydrogen fuel cell the Ministerium für Verkehr Nordrhein Westfalen final responsibility for the selection of data and the have commissioned MUST to produce a series of way they are being represented in the infographics Samenwerking in de Eurodelta buses infographics for the Corridor Conference 2018. laysNijmegen with MUST. Metropool: increasing interna- FLUXNET: integral approach 3RX Study tional strength of the Eurodelta for optimizing spatial planning, CLINSH inland shipping: reduc- infrastructure planning and freight ing the exhaust of inland shipping Breda Interreg-project EUREGIO transport emissions Vlissingen Brabant Route Güterkorridor / EUREGIO Essen Dortmund Eindhoven Goederencorridor: positioning European Rail Freight line Vital Nodes: improvement of Zeebrugge Venlo Viersen the Euregio (Ruhr area, Randstad system (ERFLS): better use of European interconnection while 3RX Düsseldorf Oostende and Hamburg) as a logistics region rail capacity, intermodal transport, developing sustainable mobility Antwerpen Iron Rhine Route (histocric) Wuppertal Mol Roermond customized within the urban nodes on the Lier Dalheim 3RX Study: missing link Ant- Trans-European Transport Net- Gent werp-Ruhr (fast alternative for SmartwayZ.NL: consumer spill in work (TEN-T). Montzen Route Köln Montzen-route), different systems smart mobility system, matching and electrification supply and demand of mobility Maastricht Brussel services, optimal accessibility, Aachen Bonn Liège Rotterdam Declaration: Cross Smart Mobility Region Zuid-Ned- border passenger railway services erland, deployment of new ITS/

FACT NOTE / Corridor Conference Alsdorf 2018 / Sheet 10