World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00004910 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (IBRD75890 AND IBRD83520) ON A LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$150 MILLION TO THE Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF BELARUS FOR THE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT JANUARY 31, 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Water Global Practice Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective January 29, 2020) Currency Unit = Belarusian Ruble (BYN) BYN 2.13 = US$1 US$0.47 = BYN 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 Regional Vice President: Cyril E. Muller Country Director: Satu Kristiina J. Kähkönen Regional Director: Steven N. Schonberger Practice Manager: David Michaud Task Team Leader(s): Stjepan Gabric, Ivaylo Hristov Kolev ICR Main Contributor: Amelia Midgley ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AF Additional Financing BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis CAPEX Capital Expenditure CPF Country Partnership Framework DG Directorate-General EA Environmental Assessment ERR Economic Rate of Return FM Financial Management FMR Financial Monitoring Report GoB Government of Belarus GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IBNET International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities ICB International Competitive Bidding ICR Implementation Completion and Results Report IFI International Financial Institution IP Implementation Progress IRP Iron Removal Plant ISR Implementation Status and Results Report M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MHU Ministry of Housing and Utilities NCB National Competitive Bidding NPV Net Present Value O&M Operations and Maintenance OCC Operational Cost Coverage PAD Project Appraisal Document PE Person equivalent PDO Project Development Objective PIU Project Implementation Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RF Results Framework ToC Theory of Change WHO World Health Organization WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WSSP Water Supply and Sanitation Project WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA SHEET .......................................................................................................................... 1 I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 6 A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL .........................................................................................................6 B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................9 II. OUTCOME .................................................................................................................... 11 A. RELEVANCE OF PDOs ............................................................................................................ 11 B. ACHIEVEMENT OF PDOs (EFFICACY) ...................................................................................... 12 C. EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................................................... 18 D. JUSTIFICATION OF OVERALL OUTCOME RATING .................................................................... 20 E. OTHER OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS (IF ANY) ............................................................................ 20 III. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME ................................ 21 A. KEY FACTORS DURING PREPARATION ................................................................................... 21 B. KEY FACTORS DURING IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................. 22 IV. BANK PERFORMANCE, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME .. 23 A. QUALITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) ............................................................ 24 B. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND FIDUCIARY COMPLIANCE ..................................................... 24 C. BANK PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................................... 25 D. RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME ....................................................................................... 26 V. LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 27 ANNEX 1. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND KEY OUTPUTS ........................................................... 28 ANNEX 2. BANK LENDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT/SUPERVISION ......................... 43 ANNEX 4. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 46 ANNEX 5. BORROWER, CO-FINANCIER AND OTHER PARTNER/STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS ... 51 ANNEX 6. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS (IF ANY) ..................................................................... 61 ANNEX 7. UPDATED THEORY OF CHANGE ............................................................................ 62 ANNEX 8. PDO INDICATORS AND OUTCOME TARGETS ......................................................... 63 ANNEX 9. FEASIBILITY STUDIES CARRIED OUT AS PART OF PROJECT ..................................... 64 ANNEX 10. DETAILED EFFICACY ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 65 ANNEX 11. FLOWCHART ON INVESTMENT PROCESS ............................................................. 73 ANNEX 12. MAP .................................................................................................................. 74 The World Bank Water Supply and Sanitation Project (P101190) DATA SHEET BASIC INFORMATION Product Information Project ID Project Name P101190 Water Supply and Sanitation Project Country Financing Instrument Belarus Investment Project Financing Original EA Category Revised EA Category Partial Assessment (B) Partial Assessment (B) Organizations Borrower Implementing Agency Republic of Belarus Ministry of Housing and Utilities Project Development Objective (PDO) Original PDO The project development objective is to improve the quality, efficiency and sustainability of water supply and wastewater treatmentservices in six participating oblasts covering about 1.7 million consumers. Revised PDO To increase access to water supply services and to improve the quality of water supply and wastewater services in selected urbanareas in all six (6) oblasts of the Borrower. PDO as stated in the legal agreement The objective of the Project is to improve the quality, efficiency and sustainability of water supply and wastewater treatment services in six (6) participating Project oblasts of the Borrower. Page 1 of 75 The World Bank Water Supply and Sanitation Project (P101190) FINANCING Original Amount (US$) Revised Amount (US$) Actual Disbursed (US$) World Bank Financing 60,000,000 60,000,000 60,000,000 IBRD-75890 90,000,000 90,000,000 89,580,402 IBRD-83520 Total 150,000,000 150,000,000 149,580,402 Non-World Bank Financing 0 0 0 Borrower/Recipient 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 Total Project Cost 150,000,000 150,000,000 149,580,402 KEY DATES Approval Effectiveness MTR Review Original Closing Actual Closing 30-Sep-2008 17-Feb-2009 16-May-2011 30-Jun-2013 31-Jul-2019 RESTRUCTURING AND/OR ADDITIONAL FINANCING Date(s) Amount Disbursed (US$M) Key Revisions 20-Dec-2012 19.98 Change in Project Development Objectives Change in Results Framework Change in Loan Closing Date(s) Change in Safeguard Policies Triggered 03-Mar-2014 38.01 Additional Financing Change in Project Development Objectives Change in Results Framework Change in Components and Cost Change in Loan Closing Date(s) 19-Dec-2014 48.30 Change in Results Framework Change in Loan Closing Date(s) 08-Jun-2018 117.35 Change in Loan Closing Date(s) Page 2 of 75 The World Bank Water Supply and Sanitation Project (P101190) KEY RATINGS Outcome Bank Performance M&E Quality Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory Modest RATINGS OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN ISRs Actual No. Date ISR Archived DO Rating IP Rating Disbursements (US$M) 01 17-Oct-2008 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 02 09-May-2009 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 03 02-Oct-2009 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 04 10-May-2010 Satisfactory Satisfactory 1.10 05 25-Jan-2011 Satisfactory Satisfactory 12.46 06 10-Jul-2011 Satisfactory Satisfactory 16.75 Moderately 07 17-Apr-2012 Moderately Satisfactory 18.84 Unsatisfactory Moderately 08 24-Dec-2012 Moderately Satisfactory 19.98 Unsatisfactory 09 28-Jan-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 20.28 10 25-Jun-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 24.42 11 28-Dec-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 34.03 12 12-Jul-2014 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory 42.51 13 12-Dec-2014 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 48.30 14 12-May-2015 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 49.30 15 11-Nov-2015 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 56.00 16 12-May-2016 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 63.46 17 23-Sep-2016 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 75.84 18 16-Mar-2017 Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 85.15 19 21-Sep-2017 Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 95.15 20 04-Apr-2018 Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 113.35 Page 3 of 75 The World Bank Water Supply and Sanitation Project (P101190) 21 03-Oct-2018 Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 135.83 22 06-Apr-2019 Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 144.53 23 27-Jul-2019 Moderately Satisfactory
Recommended publications
  • THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST NEWSPAPER of PROGRESSIVE LABOR PARTY Volume 51 No
    PERIODICO EN ESPA Ñ OL ADENTRO CHALLENGE THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST NEWSPAPER OF PROGRESSIVE LABOR PARTY Volume 51 No. 15 July 24, 2019 suggested donation $1 Fight racist borders like a communist! CARRIZO SPRINGS, TX, JULY 3—“Smash means of steering working-class anger into passiv- path of voting our way into a better world. But we racist deportation, working people have no na- ity—telling people to hold out for hope that things know better, and in an effort to spread PLP’s line tion!” This international chant resounded as mul- will change, rather than calling upon them to join around building a united international working tiracial and multigenerational contingent of Pro- in multiracial unity to defeat and destroy capital- class, members took to protest against a new chil- gressive Labor party (PLP) members marched in ism. PL’ers were immediately critical when these dren’s detention center in Carrizo Springs, Texas. firm formation towards a newly opened concen- pacifist song-sheets were distributed, and when The squalor in these concentration camps is a tration camp for children, a site only 12 miles away the leadership of the rally moved to sing them holdover from the Obama era but the media focus from the Crystal City concentration camp that someone in the crowd yelled out, “WHY? NO!” from outlets controlled by main wing finance capi- held Japanese, German, and Italian families dur- As the liberals stumbled to answer, members tal is new, as they seek to build mass movements to ing World War II. They joined liberal organizers of PLP sang “The Internationale,” the communist attack Trump, the number one threat to their dec- the protest, who kicked the protest off in a pacifist working-class anthem, while distributing CHAL- ades-old blood-soaked world empire.There were fashion: mini banners, carrying gifts of bookmarks LENGE and communist leaflets.
    [Show full text]
  • NARRATING the NATIONAL FUTURE: the COSSACKS in UKRAINIAN and RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK a DISSERTATION Prese
    NARRATING THE NATIONAL FUTURE: THE COSSACKS IN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Comparative Literature and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anna Kovalchuk Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Comparative Literature by: Katya Hokanson Chairperson Michael Allan Core Member Serhii Plokhii Core Member Jenifer Presto Core Member Julie Hessler Institutional Representative and Scott L. Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2017 ii © 2017 Anna Kovalchuk iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Anna Kovalchuk Doctor of Philosophy Department of Comparative Literature June 2017 Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation investigates nineteenth-century narrative representations of the Cossacks—multi-ethnic warrior communities from the historical borderlands of empire, known for military strength, pillage, and revelry—as contested historical figures in modern identity politics. Rather than projecting today’s political borders into the past and proceeding from the claim that the Cossacks are either Russian or Ukrainian, this comparative project analyzes the nineteenth-century narratives that transform pre- national Cossack history into national patrimony. Following the Romantic era debates about national identity in the Russian empire, during which the Cossacks become part of both Ukrainian and Russian national self-definition, this dissertation focuses on the role of historical narrative in these burgeoning political projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Behavior During the Holocaust
    VICTIMS’ POLITICS: JEWISH BEHAVIOR DURING THE HOLOCAUST by Evgeny Finkel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON 2012 Date of final oral examination: 07/12/12 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Yoshiko M. Herrera, Associate Professor, Political Science Scott G. Gehlbach, Professor, Political Science Andrew Kydd, Associate Professor, Political Science Nadav G. Shelef, Assistant Professor, Political Science Scott Straus, Professor, International Studies © Copyright by Evgeny Finkel 2012 All Rights Reserved i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation could not have been written without the encouragement, support and help of many people to whom I am grateful and feel intellectually, personally, and emotionally indebted. Throughout the whole period of my graduate studies Yoshiko Herrera has been the advisor most comparativists can only dream of. Her endless enthusiasm for this project, razor- sharp comments, constant encouragement to think broadly, theoretically, and not to fear uncharted grounds were exactly what I needed. Nadav Shelef has been extremely generous with his time, support, advice, and encouragement since my first day in graduate school. I always knew that a couple of hours after I sent him a chapter, there would be a detailed, careful, thoughtful, constructive, and critical (when needed) reaction to it waiting in my inbox. This awareness has made the process of writing a dissertation much less frustrating then it could have been. In the future, if I am able to do for my students even a half of what Nadav has done for me, I will consider myself an excellent teacher and mentor.
    [Show full text]
  • Regionalais Zinojums Nr5 Labots Pdf-Am.Pmd
    Daugavpils Universit‚te Soci‚lo zin‚tÚu fakult‚te Soci‚lo pÁtÓjumu instit˚ts REÃION¬LAIS ZI“OJUMS REGIONAL REVIEW P«TŒJUMU MATERI¬LI RESEARCH PAPERS Nr. 5 (2009) DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSIT¬TES ~ AKAD«MISKAIS APG¬DS ìSAULEî ~ 2010 Apstiprin‚ts DU SZF Soci‚lo pÁtÓjumu instit˚ta Zin‚tnisk‚s padomes sÁdÁ 2009. gada 22. decembrÓ, protokols Nr. 30. Jermolajeva E. (red.) ReÏion‚lais ziÚojums. PÁtÓjumu materi‚li. Nr. 5 (2009). Daugavpils: Daugavpils Universit‚tes AkadÁmiskais apg‚ds ìSauleî, 2010. 140 lpp. Rakstu kr‚juma redakcijas kolÁÏija: Dr. oec., asoc. prof. E. Jermolajeva, redakcijas kolÁÏijas prieksÁdÁt‚ja (Daugavpils, Latvija), Dr. sc. soc., prof. V. MeÚikovs, redakcijas kolÁÏijas prieksÁdÁt‚jas vietnieks (Daugavpils, Latvija), Dr. sc. soc., asoc. prof. V. Volkovs (Daugavpils, Latvija), Dr. habil. oec., prof. V. Kosiedovskis (ToruÚa, Polija), PhD J. Holm Hansen (Oslo, NorvÁÏija), Dr. oec., prof. L. Svarinskis (RÁzekne, Latvija), Dr. agr., prof. V. StrÓÌis (Jelgava, Latvija), Dr. oec., asoc. prof. J. EglÓtis (Daugavpils, Latvija), Dr. oec., asoc. prof. J. KaktiÚ (Jelgava, Latvija), Dr. oec., asoc. prof. A. EglÓte (Jelgava, Latvija), Dr. art., asoc. prof. D. Hanovs (RÓga, Latvija), Dr. phil., doc. L. GorbaceviËa (Daugavpils, Latvija), Dr. psyh., doc. A. Ru˛a (Daugavpils, Latvija). Rakstu kr‚juma redakcija: Elita Jermolajeva (redaktore) Deniss Hanovs Dmitrijs OÔehnoviËs Inta Ostrovska Ludmila PaÚina (sekret‚re) Par rakstos atspoguÔotajiem faktiem, viedokÔiem un terminoloÏiju atbild rakstu autori. P‚rpublicÁanas gadÓjum‚ nepiecieama Daugavpils Universit‚tes atÔauja. CitÁjot atsauce uz izdevumu oblig‚ta. Adrese: Daugavpils Universit‚te Soci‚lo zin‚tÚu fakult‚te Soci‚lo pÁtÓjumu instit˚ts Par‚des iela 1 ñ 421, Daugavpils LV-5400, Latvija t‚lr.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Edition • 1 Aaronov M: from the Given Name Aaron <Ov> (S
    Aaronov M: from the given name Aaron <ov> (see Aron). Rossieny, Kovno) M: from the given name Abl <man> (see Abram). Aaronovich (Rossieny) M: from the given name Aaron <ovich> (see Abel'nitskij (Troki) T: see Vobol'nik. Aron). Abelov (Troki) M: from the given name Abel' <ov> (see Abram). Ab (Kovno, Vilna, Brest, Slonim, Mogilev) M: see Aba. Abelovich (Tel'shi, Rossieny, Ponevezh, Lida, Slonim, Minsk) M: from Aba (Mogilev) M: from the given name Aba (Abe in Yiddish) {Abe, the given name Abel' <ovich> (see Abram). Abo, Abij, Ab, Abin, Abov, Abovich, Abovskij, Abchuk (Abtsuk, Abel'skij (Rezhitsa, Ponevezh, Vilkomir, common in Novo- Abtsyuk, Aptsyuk), Abes, Abezon (Abesson), Abinzon, Abman; Aleksandrovsk, Vitebsk, Chernigov) T: see Abel' <skij>. M: from the Abesgauz (Abesgaus, Abezgauz, Obezgauz, Abezgaus, Abesgus, given name Abel' <skij> (see Abram). Abezguz, Abel'gauz, Abezgus)}. The original Aramaic form of this Abel'son [German spelling: Abelsohn] (Courland, Riga, Rossieny, Berachot 24), meaning “father”. Hypocoristic Vilkomir, Kovno, Troki) M: from the given name Abl <son> (see) אַבָּא given name is forms: Abka and Abko (Abke in Yiddish) {Abkin (Apkin), Abkevich, Abram). Abkovich, Abkov, Abchuk (Abtsuk, Abtsyuk, Aptsyuk)}, Abush Abelyanskij (Slonim, Novogrudok) M: from the given name Abel' {Abush, Abushevich}, Absha (Abshe in Yiddish) {Abshes, Abshis; <anskij> (see Abram). T: see Abel' <anskij>. Abshikhes (Apshikhes)}. Abelyuk M: from the given name Abel' <uk> (see Abram). Abadovskij (Khotin) T: see Obodovskij. Abel'zon (Shavli, Rossieny, Disna) M: from the given name Abl <zon> Abarbanel' (Nevel', Gorodok, Vitebsk, Orsha, Kiev) {Barbanel', (see Abram). Barbanel'skij} ZM: Sephardic surname derived from Abrafanel, a Abend ZA: Abend [German] evening (see the entries Abend in DJSG hypocoristic form of the given name Abraham (see also Abram).
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Document No.2 Agenda Item 6 (C) Presented by Belarus
    Informal document No.2 Agenda item 6 (c) Presented by Belarus Summary report on establishment of “the Daugava - Dnieper waterway link and, as an option, its connection to the White Sea Nowadays there’s sustainable tendency in the world economy to share the labour and to be specialised in certain fields of production. Under such circumstances special attention is paid to the transport. Its basic mission is to fill geographic gap between the sources of mineral resources, industries and their consumers, for the supplier and the customer could exchange goods and services to mutual benefit. Economic growth after the WW II has facilitated development of transport and in particular of the rail and road ones. It resulted in overloading of European countries with means of transport which negatively affect ecology. Due to this growth the development of alternative to the road and rail transport is getting urgent. At recent European forums it was stressed that priority should be given to inland shipping because of its ecological and economic advantages over other types of transport and due to overloading of European transport infrastructure. The tasks which have been set forth by them could be solved in two ways that is by increasing traffic capacity of existing European infrastructure and by creating new transit waterways. Based on the study of cargo flows the priority should be given to transit waterways which would link the Baltic and the Black Seas. There are various options of the link. In the file attached to this report there are comparison data on the Pripyat-the Nieman and the Dnieper - the Dvina options of the waterway.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Devonian Acanthodians from Belarus – New Data and Interregional Biostratigraphy
    Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. XX (202X), No. X, pp. xxx–xxx DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134568 Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus – new data and interregional biostratigraphy DMITRY P. PLAX1 and MICHAEL NEWMAN2* 1 Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU), Nezavisimosti Avenue 65, 220013 Minsk, Republic of Belarus. 2 Vine Lodge, Vine Road, Johnston, Haverfordwest, SA62 3NZ Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected]. ORCID: 0000-0002-7465-3069 *Corresponding author ABSTRACT: Plax, D.P. and Newman, M. XXXX. Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus – new data and interregional biostratigraphy. Acta Geologica Polonica, XX (X), xxx–xxx. Warszawa. The Lower Devonian (Emsian) and Middle Devonian of Belarus contain assemblages of biostratigraphically useful faunal and floral microremains. Surface deposits are few, with most material being derived from bore- hole cores. Acanthodian scales are particularly numerous and comparison with scales from other regions of the Old Red Sandstone continent (Laurussia), specifically the Orcadian Basin of Scotland, the Baltic Region, Spitsbergen, and Severnaya Zemlya have demonstrated a lot of synonymy of acanthodian species between these areas. This is especially the case between Belarus, the Orcadian Basin and the Baltic Region, which has allowed us to produce an interregional biostratigraphic scheme, as well as to postulate marine connection routes between these areas. The acanthodian biostratigraphy of Belarus is particularly important as it is associated with spores and marine invertebrates, so giving the potential of more detailed correlations across not only the Old Red Sandstone continent, but elsewhere in the Devonian world. We also demonstrate that differences in preservation (e.g., wear and how articulated a specimen is) is one of the main reasons for synonymy.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Agencies in Latgale That Deal with Issuance of Visas for Travelling
    Bella Dvina and Baltic Country of Lakes www.visitlatgale.com www.belladvina.com www.vitebsk-region.by Estonia Russia www.balticlakes.com www.utenainfo.lt Baltic See www.antour.lt www.zarasai.lt /tic Viļaka municipality Balvi Rugāji municipality Byelorussia municipality Baltinava municipality Poland Kārsava district Viļāni Cibla municipality municipality Ukraine Ludza municipality Līvāni municipality Riebiņi municipality Rēzekne municipality Zilupe Vārkava municipality municipality Preiļi municipality Aglona Dagda municipality municipality Ilūkste municipality Krāslava municipality Daugavpils municipality Verkhnyadzvinsk District Rossony Rossony District Verkhnyadzvinsk Zarasai Braslaw Zarasai district Miory Anykščiai district Polotsk District Utena district Braslaw District Miory District Polotsk Anykščai Utena Vitebsk District Vitebsk Region Vitebsk 1 While travelling, man becomes spiritually richer, acquaints himself with new cultures, traditions and people, enjoys the beauty of nature and receives energy for further work and dreams. In this booklet one may find information about incredible and unique regions - Baltic Country of Lakes and “Bella Dvina”. The Baltic Country of Lakes is the richest with lakes in the Baltics – more than two thousand lakes are located here. Next to the Baltic Country of Lakes lies a tourism regions with a poetic and beautiful name “Bella Dvina”. It is located in the area where the river Dvina – Daugava flows, which is well known since ancient times for the trade route “from Varangians to Greeks”. The advantages of the Baltic Country of Lakes and Bella Dvina regions are thir landscapes, nature, clean air and wonderful people. Active tourism throughout the year, fascinating cultural events, and picturesque sceneries – all of this comprises a unique mosaic, which provides true visual and aesthetic enjoyment.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter VII the Second Battle of Polotsk October 18Th to 20Th 1812
    Chapter VII The Second Battle of Polotsk th th October 18 to 20 1812 ven before the second battle of free themselves and took refuge Polotsk begins, a clash will behind the walls of the cemetery of E announce the ferocity of the Ropno. After a heroic defense, their future fighting: 300 Swiss grenadiers, ammunition exhausted, they charged mostly belonging to the 1st regiment, with the bayonet to break had been detached to Ropno to encirclement through the Russians observe the arrival of the ennemy. and join Polotsk. They arrived there, Around 7 pm on October 17th, they leaving half of them, either killed or were attacked by the infantry of too much wounded to support the Vlastov Vanguard (23rd and 24th Jäger), march towards Polotsk. Of the 150 who had taken advantage of the night survivors, 50 were also injured but and the proximity of the forest to supported by the other 100. They approach the enemy without being finally arrived in Polotsk despite the 3 seen. The Swiss, however, managed to miles they had to make. First day: October 18th In order to comply with the marshal could only order a precipitate Czar’s will, Wittgenstein’s plan was to and therefore hazardous retreat of his fix the French on the right bank of the forces behind the river and leave Dwina, while Alexseiev would pass Polotsk in the hands of the Russians. quietly on the left bank, near But things will go differently because Gorianoui, at the mouth of the Obol. of the heavy rains of the previous days.
    [Show full text]
  • Палеанталогія a New Genus of the Placoderm Fish
    ТЕКТОНОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА ВАРИАЦИЙ ВО ВРЕМЕ- НИ ГРАВИТАЦИОННОГО И МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЕЙ... Split by PDF Splitter ПАЛЕАНТАЛОГІЯ UDC 567.43; 551.734.2 (476) A NEW GENUS OF THE PLACODERM FISH (PLACODERMI, PTYCTODONTIDA) FROM THE UPPER EMSIAN DEPOSITS OF BELARUS D. Plax Belarusian National Technical University, Nezavisimosti Avenue, 65, 220013, Minsk, Belarus E-mail: [email protected] The paper presents a new representative of the placoderm fish Borysthenoplax lepelensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Emsian deposits of Belarus. The skeletal material of this placoderm fish is represented by separate mostly well-preserved plates of the trunk shield originating from the cores of four boreholes. Detailed characteristics of stratigraphic occurrence of the skeletal elements of this new placoderm representative is provided in the paper. Some concomitant organic remains are shown additionally. A detailed lithological description of the enclosing rocks is also presented. studied about 25 boreholes containing these depos- INTRODUCTION its. Almost a half of them are relatively new boreholes The Upper Emsian deposits of the Lower Devonian which were drilled from 2004 to 2018. Some few dis- represented by the Obol and Lepel Beds of the Vitebsk crete plates of this new representative of the Late Em- Regional Stage are rather widespread in the territory sian placoderm fish were found in the core of only of Belarus [28; 29]. These occur at considerable depths three boreholes: Chashniki 53, Lepel 1 and Latvishi 12 and do not outcrop the day surface. Their study is (Text-Figure 1). These boreholes were drilled in the possible only by drilling boreholes. For the long his- Vitebsk region of Belarus.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status and Breeding Ecology of the Goshawkaccipiter Gentilis In
    Chancellor, R.D., B.-U. Meyburg & J.J. Ferrero eds. 1998 Holarctic Birds of Prey ADENEX-WWGBP Current Status and Breeding Ecology of the Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Northern Belarus Vladimir V. Ivanovsky INTRODUCTION During recent years the problem of raptors and the environment became very acute due to man-made changes in the latter (e.g. Galushin 1977). Raptors in Belarus were traditionally hunted, among them the Goshawk Accipiter gentilis being always persecuted particularly vigorously. The impact of the Goshawk on small game populations in Belarus was studied only in the Belovezh Forest in the 1950s (Gavarin 1956; Golodushko 1963, 1965). In addition, the diet of this species was studied in the Vitebsk region in 1973-78 (Ivanovsky & Umanskaya 1981). No other studies on the Goshawk's trophic ecology were carried out in other areas of the country. The main goal of the research here presented was to understand the role of this predator in the ecosystems of northern Belarus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was carried out in the Vitebsk region, northern Belarus. The total area of the region is 40,100 km2, about 35% of which is covered by forest (17-60% in different districts), mainly coniferous. Pine and spruce dominated forests comprise 42% and 19% of all forested areas. Bogs occupy about 9% of the region, lakes about 2.5% and the density of the river network is 45 km per 100 km2. Data were collected during all the seasons of the year in the course of special excursions in different districts of the Vitebsk region. Breeding ecology data were collected on 6 study plots with a total area of 800 km2 during the breeding season (March-July).
    [Show full text]
  • CEMENT INDUSTRY of the REPUBLIC of BELARUS Cement Industry of the Republic of Belarus
    CEMENT INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Cement Industry of the Republic of Belarus Production. The cement industry in Belarus is represented by three state-owned cement plants. Until 2012, the total production capacity of the plants amounted to 4.5 million tonnes per year. During the last 6 years the volume of cement production was increasing in average by 3.7% annually, despite the decline of growth rates since 2009. In 2014, 5618.3 thousand tonnes of cement or just 66% of total production capacity was produced. The growth rate amounted to 11.1%. As of the end of January-September, cement production in Belarus decreased compared to the same period in 2014 by 15.4% to 627.5 thousand tonnes. The expected amount of cement production in 2015 is around 5000 thousand tonnes. Cement production in Belarus 2008-2014 6,000 5,618 12.0% 4,906 5,057 4,604 5,000 4,531 10.0% 4,218 4,350 4,000 11.1% 8.0% 6.6% 3,000 6.0% 4.2% 3.1% 4.0% 2,000 3.1% 1,000 1.6% 2.0% 0 0.0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 production volume, th.tonnes rate of increase, % Source: Uniter In Belarus, three state-owned enterprises are engaged in cement production: 1. Krasnoselskstroimaterialy, OJSC – KSM (Volkovysk, Grodno area). The state share is 91% (significantly increased since 2002, when the state share was equal to 50%), the share of other shareholders is 9% (legal persons (958 companies, mostly represented by collective farms) and natural persons (3671)) 2.
    [Show full text]