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Lithuanian Synagogues: from the First Descriptions to Systematic Research
arts Article Lithuanian Synagogues: From the First Descriptions to Systematic Research Vilma Gradinskaite Independent scholar, 05224 Vilnius, Lithuania; [email protected] Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 21 May 2020 Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania during the four major historical periods of the country—Lithuania in the Russian Empire (1795–1918), Vilnius Region in the interwar period and the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1990), and the independent Republic of Lithuania restored in 1990. Each chapter of the article deals with the issues of synagogue research, heritage conservation and management, while the part about the restored independent Republic of Lithuania and modern days includes topical issues related to synagogue restoration, commemoration and putting them into operation. The study uses two different sources: archival materials and publications. Written sources and publications are reviewed in chronological order and start from the end of the 18th century. The study employs several research methods—the historical descriptive method, the comparative method and the analysis method. Keywords: Lithuania; synagogues; conservation; restoration; renovation; rebuilding; management; commemoration 1. Introduction The article presents several fields of study: (1) a review of the first descriptions of synagogues in Lithuania; (2) an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania; and (3) a brief reference to synagogue restoration, renovation, rebuilding, commemoration and putting into operation—topics which are currently particularly live in Lithuania today. It is not possible to understand the existing trends in synagogue research in Lithuania without considering the country’s past—the times of the Russian Empire, the interwar period and the Soviet period. -
Youth Policies in Latvia
Youth Wiki national description Youth policies in Latvia 2019 The Youth Wiki is Europe's online encyclopaedia in the area of national youth policies. The platform is a comprehensive database of national structures, policies and actions supporting young people. For the updated version of this national description, please visit https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/youthwiki 1 Youth 2 Youth policies in Latvia – 2019 Youth Wiki Latvia ................................................................................................................. 7 1. Youth Policy Governance................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Target population of youth policy ............................................................................................. 9 1.2 National youth law .................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 National youth strategy ........................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Youth policy decision-making .................................................................................................. 12 1.5 Cross-sectoral approach with other ministries ....................................................................... 13 1.6 Evidence-based youth policy ................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Funding youth policy .............................................................................................................. -
Health Systems in Transition
61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European -
Social and Economic Space Compression in Border Areas: the Case of the Northwestern Federal District Romanova, E.; Vinogradova, O.; Frizina, I
www.ssoar.info Social and economic space compression in border areas: the case of the Northwestern Federal District Romanova, E.; Vinogradova, O.; Frizina, I. Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Romanova, E., Vinogradova, O., & Frizina, I. (2015). Social and economic space compression in border areas: the case of the Northwestern Federal District. Baltic Region, 3, 28-46. https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2015-3-3 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Free Digital Peer Publishing Licence This document is made available under a Free Digital Peer zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den DiPP-Lizenzen Publishing Licence. For more Information see: finden Sie hier: http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-51391-6 Economic and geographical development of the Russian Northwest ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN NORTHWEST The so-called “compression” of social SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC and economic space has been the subject of SPACE COMPRESSION quite a few studies in the past decades. There are two principle types of compres- IN BORDER AREAS: sion: communicative, that is, associated THE CASE with the development of transport and in- OF THE NORTHWESTERN formation systems, and physical, mani- FEDERAL DISTRICT fested in the rapid decrease of the number of new territories to explore. While physi- cal and communicative compression are in- terrelated, they have different spatial ex- * pressions depending on geographical con- E. -
Lithuanian Jews and the Holocaust
Ezra’s Archives | 77 Strategies of Survival: Lithuanian Jews and the Holocaust Taly Matiteyahu On the eve of World War II, Lithuanian Jewry numbered approximately 220,000. In June 1941, the war between Germany and the Soviet Union began. Within days, Germany had occupied the entirety of Lithuania. By the end of 1941, only about 43,500 Lithuanian Jews (19.7 percent of the prewar population) remained alive, the majority of whom were kept in four ghettos (Vilnius, Kaunas, Siauliai, Svencionys). Of these 43,500 Jews, approximately 13,000 survived the war. Ultimately, it is estimated that 94 percent of Lithuanian Jewry died during the Holocaust, a percentage higher than in any other occupied Eastern European country.1 Stories of Lithuanian towns and the manner in which Lithuanian Jews responded to the genocide have been overlooked as the perpetrator- focused version of history examines only the consequences of the Holocaust. Through a study utilizing both historical analysis and testimonial information, I seek to reconstruct the histories of Lithuanian Jewish communities of smaller towns to further understand the survival strategies of their inhabitants. I examined a variety of sources, ranging from scholarly studies to government-issued pamphlets, written testimonies and video testimonials. My project centers on a collection of 1 Population estimates for Lithuanian Jews range from 200,000 to 250,000, percentages of those killed during Nazi occupation range from 90 percent to 95 percent, and approximations of the number of survivors range from 8,000 to 20,000. Here I use estimates provided by Dov Levin, a prominent international scholar of Eastern European Jewish history, in the Introduction to Preserving Our Litvak Heritage: A History of 31 Jewish Communities in Lithuania. -
Result Sheet
Sun and Wind ELRII-473 outputs and results Energy and robotics Outputs hobby-group Local heating and electricity supply systems are modernised in 5 public buildings in Estonia and Pskov Region, Russia Obinitsa village center and Rõuge municipality house energy systems was renoveted with ground heat pumps integrated with solar PV panels Street lighting systems installed in Rõuge (Estonia) and in Tyamsha (Russia) Lightening system installed in Rõuge, Estonia Trainings and capacity building seminars for energy experts and municipality employees organised. Networking of energy experts and local authorities and public representatives is established Secondary school in Boroussy village, Russia equipped with solar panels, which provide hot water for the school 1 Energy Class modernised in Rõuge School by New biomass boilers in Gavry (Pytalovo), Russia installing the smart board and purchasing new equipment for energy measuring. Also weekly energetics-robotics hobby group was regularly attended by students in Rõuge Energy day on Energy Saving Technologies and Renewable Energy Systems (RES) with participation of Russian and Estonian students was held A number of showcases of using solar and wind Solar Panel installed in Boroussy village, Russia power, biofuel and ground heat as possible energy resources were demonstrared Various seminars and study tours on renewable energy and energy efficiency were organised for a wide range of participants RESULTS Increase of knowledge and awareness of local authorities and the community, especially youth on -
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern Eine Beschäftigung I
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern eine Beschäftigung i. S. d. ZRBG schon vor dem angegebenen Eröffnungszeitpunkt glaubhaft gemacht ist, kann für die folgenden Gebiete auf den Beginn der Ghettoisierung nach Verordnungslage abgestellt werden: - Generalgouvernement (ohne Galizien): 01.01.1940 - Galizien: 06.09.1941 - Bialystok: 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ostland (Weißrussland/Weißruthenien): 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Wolhynien/Shitomir): 05.09.1941 Eine Vorlage an die Untergruppe ZRBG ist in diesen Fällen nicht erforderlich. Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Braham: Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Weißruthenien, heute Obolce [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 09.11.2009 1944) Reichskommissariat Aizpute 3502 Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 (Hosenpoth) Generalbezirk -
(COMUS) REFERENCE PLAN Mscislaŭ, Belarus
Community-Led Urban Strategies in Historical Cities (COMUS) REFERENCE PLAN Mscislaŭ, Belarus 2 CONTENTS FOREWORD THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT LOCAL STAKEHOLDER GROUP ANALYSES SHARED VISION AND OBJECTIVES ACTIONS 3 Abbreviations used in the document COMUS Community-Led Urban Strategies in Historical Cities EU European Union CoE Council of Europe NSG National Stakeholder Group LSG Local Stakeholder Group PIU Project Implementation Unit 4 FOREWORD In 2015, Belarus officially joined the Community-led Urban Strategies in Historic Towns (COMUS) which is a European Union and Council of Europe Joint Programme, part of the EU Eastern Partnership Culture Programme. Project activities began on 1 January 2015 in partnership with the Organization of World Heritage Cities (Regional secretariat, Regensburg, Germany) and Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. COMUS is a process designed to explore and test innovative planning models which respond to the practical problems in small- and medium-sized historic towns. It continues and develops a former project, titled ‘Pilot Project on Rehabilitation of Historic Towns’. The planning models proposed as part of the COMUS process will develop five specific issues opening up new opportunities for connecting pilot towns with European trends and requirements which include the better integration of heritage protection into urban (and regional) economic development policies and mainstreaming towards other sectorial policies (planning, tourism, environment): a. Raising the importance of heritage, particularly as a potential local resource for reinvestment and economic activity in towns; b. Fostering an integrated approach by setting up synergies between all levels of authorities in order to share responsibilities and combine their capacities in implementing common heritage-led urban projects; c. -
Demographic, Economic, Geospatial Data for Municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (Excluding the City of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast) in 2010-2016
Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134 DOI 10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 DATA PAPER Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010-2016 Irina E. Kalabikhina1, Denis N. Mokrensky2, Aleksandr N. Panin3 1 Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Independent researcher 3 Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia Received 10 December 2019 ♦ Accepted 28 December 2019 ♦ Published 30 December 2019 Citation: Kalabikhina IE, Mokrensky DN, Panin AN (2019) Demographic, economic, geospatial data for munic- ipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010- 2016. Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 Keywords Data base, demographic, economic, geospatial data JEL Codes: J1, J3, R23, Y10, Y91 I. Brief description The database contains demographic, economic, geospatial data for 452 municipalities of the 16 administrative units of the Central Federal District (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) for 2010–2016 (Appendix, Table 1; Fig. 1). The sources of data are the municipal-level statistics of Rosstat, Google Maps data and calculated indicators. II. Data resources Data package title: Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Cen- tral Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010–2016. Copyright I.E. Kalabikhina, D.N.Mokrensky, A.N.Panin The article is publicly available and in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0) can be used without limits, distributed and reproduced on any medium, pro- vided that the authors and the source are indicated. -
Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Sustainable Spatial Development 2011 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume 2 Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies Vladimir Vertennikov, Riga Technical University Abstract. This article discusses one of the most important and vertical gradients. It is possible to determine those geophysical factors, which produces an impact on the gradients by calculations or measurements using special demographic processes and reflects the nature of variability in instruments – magnetic gradiometers. Instrumented gradient the anomalous magnetic field intensity in space. The article characterises the horizontal magnetic gradients, which vary measurements are predominantly utilised in local areas during within the wide range: from 10 to 2400 nT/km. It distinguishes prospecting and exploration for minerals. In regional magnetic scale and magnetic gradient areas. The article gives an investigations, to which concrete operations associated with ecodemographic evaluation of the territory of Latvia by the investigating the impact of geophysical factors on gradience of the anomalous magnetic field. demographic processes belong, horizontal gradients are the main factor; they are determined by calculations. Keywords: horizontal magnetic gradient, magnetic scale, magnetic gradient area, ecodemographic evaluation of territory by magnetic gradience. CHARACTERISATION OF HORIZONTAL MAGNETIC GRADIENTS The magnetic field is represented in the Latvian territory by a complex set of anomalies with different signs, intensity, size The gradient is an important parameter of anomalous and morphology. The transitions from one anomaly to another magnetic field. The discussion deals with the spatial intensity are expressed through changes in the field intensity and are variations. The thing is that the intensity of the anomalous either gradual, occurring step-by-step, or abrupt. -
Cretaceous Basin Evolution in the Lublin Area Along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (Se Poland)
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2001), vol. 71: 1-20. CRETACEOUS BASIN EVOLUTION IN THE LUBLIN AREA ALONG THE TEISSEYRE-TORNQUIST ZONE (SE POLAND) Maciej HAKENBERG & Jolanta SWIDROWSKA Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-826 Warszawa, Poland Hakenberg, M. & Swidrowska J., 2001. Cretaceous basin evolution in the Lublin area along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (SE Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Polononiae, 71: 1-20. Abstract: The Cretaceous basin of the Lublin area belongs to the SE part of the Mid-Polish Trough and its NE border extending on the East European Craton. Our study is based on isopach maps of seven time intervals, from Neocomian to Early Maastrichtian. Several main lithofacies have been distinguished whose areal extents were plotted on thickness pattern maps. The isopach and lithofacies maps helped to delimit the basin depocenter, providing information on vertical motions of the basin basement and synsedimentary reactivation of older fault zones. The areal extents of the siliceous and chalk lithofacies have been shown to be controlled by the positions of discontinuity zones in the crystalline basement. Two stages of accelerated subsidence have been established: in Turanian and Early Maastrichtian times. Regional comparisons of accumulation rates and their accelerations during these time spans gave possibility to distinguish the roles of eustatic and tectonic factors in the process of augmenting the basin capacity. Some remarks concerning Early Maastrichtian timing of the inversion onset are also presented. Key words: isopachs, lithofacies, subsidence, basin development, Cretaceous, Mid-Polish Trough, Teisseyre- Tornquist Zone. Manuscript received 15 June 2000, accepted 4 April 2001 INTRODUCTION This study covers the part of Poland comprised between this paper are similar to those used in that paper, dealing the boundary with Ukraine in the east and southeast, the ero- with the area of the Holy Cross Mountains (Góry Święto sional limit of Jurassic and Cretaceous outcrops in the krzyskie). -
Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents of Bryansk and Kaluga Regions
BY0000285 Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents of Bryansk and Kaluga Regions A.F. TSYB, E.M. PARSHKOV, V.V. SHAKHTARIN, V.F. STEPANENKO, V.F. SKVORTSOV, I.V. CHEBOTAREVA MRRC RAMS, Obninsk, Russia Abstract We analyzed 62 cases of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents of Bryansk and Kaluga regions, the most contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The data on specified radiation situation as well as probable radiation doses to the thyroid are given. It is noted that the development of thyroid cancer depends on the age of children at the time of accident (0-3, 7-9, 12-15 years). They arc the most critical periods for the formation and functioning of the thyroid, in particular, in girls. It is suggested that thyroid cancer develops in children and teenagers residing in areas with higher Cs-137 contamination level at younger age than in those residing in less contaminated regions. It is shown that the minimal latent period in the development of thyroid cancer makes up to 5 years. The results of ESR method on tooth enamel specimen indicate that over postaccident period the sufficient share of children has collected such individual radiation dose which are able to affect on their health stale and development of thyroid pathology. For a long period of time Russia unlike Belarus and Ukraine was considered to be "favourable" by the development of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents after the Chernobyl accident. Such a fact appeared to be a dissonance in the common concept on the possible radiation induction of thyroid tissues to malignancy when received relatively low doses of iodine radionuclide.