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Instant Japanese Let‟S Learn Japanese Instantly Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Instant Japanese Let‟s learn Japanese instantly Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Instant Japanese Welcome to Instant Japanese! If you‟re going to Japan soon, or want to learn Japanese the quickest way, you‟re in the right place! All grammar and phrases you‟ll find in this course are concise and essential. The best feature of this course is that this comes with audio (mp3) so that you can practice speaking phrases. The secret to language learning is to mimic the way native speakers use it. Japanese is not a tone language, though intonation plays an important role when you speak Japanese. Therefore, please repeat the words and sentences out loud, always out loud. OK, Are you ready? Let‟s take a short journey learning Japanese before you actually visit there! Contents 1. Japanese at a Glance ………..p3 2. On the Street………………....p10 3. Shopping………………….…..p11 4. In a Restaurant………….…...p12 5. At the Station…………….…..p13 6. In a Taxi………………….…...p13 7. Counting Days, Weeks, Month and Year…..p14 8. Making Reservations……………………..…..p16 9. At a Hotel…………………………………..…..p17 10. Medical Emergencies…………..………..p18 11. Going Out…………………………………..p19 12. Visiting Someone's House………..……..p20 2 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com 1. Japanese at a Glance Pronunciation Consonants Japanese has 5 vowels Please note the following consonant pronunciations. A : America ch: child I : India f : soft U : cute g : goose E : end j : jam O : oh! tt : (double consonants: when you come across any double consonants, pause a little while before you say Long vowel them) e.g. chotto matte, Express as double of the same vowel ss: zasshi, pp: kippu, kk: hakkiri, cc: yocchan or with a bar on the top. e.g. kyoo or kyō (Today) ya, yu, yo : Each makes just one beat of sound. E.g. kya, kyu, kyo, Japanese words are basically either kyandii, kyooto, kyatto, etc. vowel or vowel + consonants (candy) (Kyoto) (cat) e.g. escalator e su ka ree taa camera ka me ra cash card kya sshu kaa do Numbers 1-1,000,000 1. ichi 11. Juu ichi 21. Ni juu ichi 31 San juu ichi 2. ni 12. Juu ni 22. Ni juu ni 42 Yon juu ni 3. san 13. Juu san 23. Ni juu san 53 Go juu san 4. yon (shi) 14. Juu yon 24. Ni juu yon 64 Roku juu yon 5. go 15. Juu go 25. Ni juu go 75 Nana juu go 6. roku 16. Juu roku 26. Ni juu roku 86 Hachi juu roku 7. nana (shichi) 17. Juu nana 27. Ni juu nana 97 Kyuu juu nana 8. hachi 18. Juu hachi 28. Ni juu hachi 99 Kyuu juu kyuu 9. kyuu (ku) 19. Juu kyuu 29. Ni juu kyuu 100 Hyaku 10. juu 20. Ni juu 30. San juu 0 zero / ree Telling Time 5:00 go ji 10:00 juu ji 1:00 ichi ji 6:00 roku ji 11:00 juu ichi ji AM: gozen 2:00 ni ji 7:00 shichi ji (not nana ji) 12:00 juu ni ji PM: gogo 3:00 san ji 8:00 hachi ji 3:30 san ji han 7am:gozen shichiji 4:00 yo ji (not yon ji) 9:00 ku ji (not kyuu ji) 9:30 ku ji han 9pm: gogo kuji 3 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com 100 hyaku 1,000 sen 10,000 ichi man 200 ni hyaku 2000 ni sen 20,000 ni man 300 san byaku 3000 san zen 30,000 san man 400 yon hyaku 4000 yon sen 40,000 yon man 500 go hyaku 5000 go sen 50,000 go man 600 roppyaku 6000 roku sen 60,000 roku man 700 nana hyaku 7000 nana sen 70,000 nana man 800 happyaku 8000 hassen 80,000 hachi man 900 kyuuhyaku 9000 kyuu sen 90,000 kyuu man 1 ichi 10 juu 100 hyaku 1,000 sen 10,000 man (ichi man) ¥ or 円 en 100,000 juu man $ doru 1,000,000 hyaku man million 10,000,000 sen man (issen man) ￠ sento 100,000,000 ichi oku hundred million Basic words (person) I watashi : (can be used by anyone & formal) boku (by male & polite) ore (by male & sounds a bit rough) You anata: (**Do not address a person with “Anata”. For example, your friends or acquaintance. Especially never use it to address your seniors or teacher as it sounds very rude. When you address others, use her/his name plus “san” instead. Anata is used when you address a stranger.) We watashi tachi: (~ “tachi” refers plural subject) Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss. Yamada-san Yamada Yamada-san (adding “san” to someone‟s name shows respect towards the person) My watashi no: “~ no” indicates “ „s” Mr.Sato‟s : Satoo-san no 4 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Mine watashi no He Kare *watashi no kare = my boyfriend She Kanojo * watashi no kanjo = my girlfriend They kare ra / kanjo ra That person ano hito Those people ano hito tachi Useful words Yes hai No iie Please (offer help) doozo Please (request) onegai shimasu (when you request stg. to someone) Thank you arigatoo (gozaimasu) / sumimasen You‟re welcome doo itashi-mashite Excuse me sumimasen I‟m sorry sumimasen Basic greetings Ohayoo gozaimasu Good morning (no sound for “u” when it comes at the end) Konnichiwa Good Afternoon Konbanwa Good evening Jaa mata / dewa mata Good bye, See you (dewa mata is slightly more formal) Ogenki desu ka? How are you? Hai, genki desu. Yes, I‟m fine. Japanese speech style There are honorific, formal and informal Japanese. What you learn in this book is formal form. This style is the best for foreigners, especially for the first time in Japan as this speech style will not offend anyone. Also, this formal speech style is easier to conjugate. Formal Japanese always ends in ~ desu. (noun & adjective phrase) or ~ masu. (verb phrase). 5 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Particles Particle itself doesn‟t have particular meaning in it, but more it shows the relationship between subject, object and verb. It is something like a preposition or a conjunctive. There are quite a number of particles and some of them have several functions. e.g. wa: Topic marker. Use it like “as for” or “regarding” Watashi wa gakusee desu. (As for I, student. I‟m a student.) Raamen wa oishii desu. (As for ramen, it is delicious Ramen is delicious) e : direction marker “to”. Gakkoo e ikimasu. ((I) go to school.) Word order S O V (Subject, Object, Verb) e.g. (Watashi wa) gakusee desu. (Noun phrase) I / student / am S O V (something like „be-verb‟) (Watashi wa) Nihongo o benjyoo shimasu. (Verb phrase) I / Japanese / study S O V * note that “I” (as a subject) and “you” (as an object) are often omitted in conversations if the situation is obvious. Question sentences Just add “ka” at the end of the sentence with rising intonation: ~desu ka. or ~masu ka. (for formal Japanese) e.g. Satoo-san wa gakusee desu. (Mr. Satoo is a student.) Satoo san wa gakusee desu ka? (Is Mr. Satoo a student?) Itoo san wa kyoo hataraki masu. (Mr. Ito will work today) Itoo-san wa kyoo hatarakimasu ka? (Will Mr. Itoo work today?) 6 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Basic verbs (masu-form) suupaa e ikimasu : go to the supermarket 1. iki-masu go kaisha e kimasu : come to the office 2. ki-masu come need particle “e” uchi e kaerimasu : go home 3. kaeri-masu go (home) 4. tabe-masu eat 5. nomi-masu drink pan o tabemasu : eat bread 6. kai-masu buy need particle “o” koohii o nomimasu : drink coffee 7. mi-masu watch shattsu o kaimasu : buy a shirt 8. shi-masu do terebi o mimasu : watch a movie e.g. tenisu (o) shimasu play tennis shopping (o) shimasu do shopping benkyoo (o) shimasu study “e” is a direction marker and “o” is a direct object marker (particles) Verb Conjugation (masu-form ~formal~) There are only two types of verb tenses: Non-Past or Past tense. For future tense, use Non-past tense. e.g. tabe-masu (eat) / ashita tabe-masu (I‟ll eat tomorrow) tabe-mashita. (ate) tabe-masen. (I don‟t eat) tabe-masen deshita. (I didn‟t eat) tabe-mashita ka? (Did you eat?) *Japanese verbs do not change their form depending on the subject (singular/plural or person). Easy! e.g. watashi wa Tokyo e ikimasu. (I go to Tokyo.) kanojo wa Tokyo e ikimasu. (She goes to Tokyo.) 7 Copyright © Kazue Kaneko and LearnJapanese123.com Invitation To make an invitation phrase, just replace –masu to –masen ka? e.g. tabe-masu tabe masen ka? (Would you like to eat?) iki-masu iki masen ka? (Would you like to go?) You may want to add “issho ni”, which means together, before the phrase. e.g. mi-masu issho ni mimasen ka? (Would you like to watch together?) issho ni eega o mimasen ka? (Would you like to watch a movie together?) Accepting invitation When you‟re invited to do something, you may want to reply : iidesu ne, – mashoo. (–masu form change to –mashoo) e.g. issho ni eega o mimasen ka? iidesu ne, mi mashoo. (Sure, let‟s watch it.) If you need to decline, you say : sumimasen, chotto… (literal meaning of “sumimasen, chotto..” is “I‟m sorry, a little bit..” This shows your hesitation, and polite way to decline someone‟s invitation.) Expressing desire When you express desire, erase –masu, then add “tai desu.” e.g kai masu kai tai desu.
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