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Variedades Lingüísticas En Contacto Na Península Ibérica

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Variedades Lingüísticas En Contacto Na Península Ibérica investigación & ensaio FRANCISCO DUBERT-GARCÍA SERIE LINGÜÍSTICA No mundo existen na actualidade máis de 6000 linguas que son VÍTOR MÍGUEZ FRANCISCO DUBERT-GARCÍA • Dialectoloxía e léxico faladas por comunidades que viven en 195 países recoñecidos Profesor titular do Departamento de Filoloxía Galega da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, investigador do Instituto da Lingua Editores: Rosario Álvarez, Francisco Dubert e Xulio Sousa internacionalmente. En consecuencia, contra unha visión que XULIO SOUSA Galega e codirector da revista Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxía. • A estandarización do léxico propugna o monolingüismo como normalidade lingüística, resulta obrigado concluír que o contacto de linguas e variedades EDITORES O seu labor investigador céntrase no estudo da morfoloxía flexional e Editores: María Álvarez de la Granja e Ernesto González Seoane da fonoloxía do galego, estudadas sobre todo desde perspectivas non é unha anormalidade, senón que é un feito inevitable e unha • Norma lingüística e variación ligadas ao cambio, a variación e o contacto lingüísticos. constante na historia das comunidades humanas. Neste sentido, Editores: Rosario Álvarez e Henrique Monteagudo a situación do galego e a das outras linguas peninsulares non Variedades lingüísticas • Lingua e territorio VÍTOR MÍGUEZ resulta singular nin extraordinaria. Sen irmos máis lonxe, no Editores: Rosario Álvarez, Francisco Dubert e Xulio Sousa Investigador predoutoral no Instituto da Lingua Galega. Os seus ámbito ibérico dáse contacto entre as variedades orixinarias • Na nosa lyngoage galega en contacto traballos céntranse no estudo da variación sintáctica, semántica e (galego, castelán, asturiano, portugués, vasco, aranés, catalán, pragmática do galego desde a lingüística de corpus. Na actualidade Editora: Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo aragonés etc.) e entre estas e outras faladas por inmigrantes, os participa no proxecto CORTEGAL (Corpus de textos galegos escritos • A lexicografía galega moderna seus descendentes e residentes estranxeiros (romanés, árabe, na Península Ibérica por estudantes no ámbito académico) do Instituto da Lingua Galega. Editores: Ernesto González Seoane, Antón Santamarina alemán, wu, quechua etc.). e Xavier Varela Barreiro Neste volume reúnense sete traballos que abordan a análise XULIO SOUSA • Perspectivas sobre a oralidade de diferentes situacións de contacto de variedades lingüísticas Profesor titular do Departamento de Filoloxía Galega da Universidade Editores: Elisa Fernández Rei e Xosé Luís Regueira peninsulares desde distintas perspectivas. Nun grupo de traballos de Santiago de Compostela e investigador do Instituto da Lingua estúdanse as consecuencias do contacto entre variedades Galega. O seu labor investigador céntrase no estudo da variación ENSAIO & INVESTIGACIÓN lingüística, especialmente no ámbito da sintaxe e do léxico. Participa identificadas como linguas e con distintas relacións de semellanza en varios proxectos de investigación ligados á xeografía lingüística • Toponimia e cartografía (galego, castelán, vasco, catalán, mirandés, portugués, asturiano), Editor: Xulio Sousa e publicou diversos traballos relacionadas coas súas liñas de noutro preséntase a análise da confluencia de variedades investigación. É director da revista Estudos de Lingüística Galega. • Papés d’emprenta condenada (II) relacionadas cunha mesma lingua (galego urbano, galego Editor: Ramón Mariño Paz tradicional, castelán estándar, sociolectos andaluces etc.). • Contacto de linguas, hibrididade, cambio: contextos, procesos As análises son realizadas desde diferentes modelos teóricos e Variedades lingüísticas en contacto na Península Ibérica e consecuencias reparando en distintos aspectos do sistema lingüístico. O conxunto Editores: Eva Gugenberger, Henrique Monteagudo de contribucións axuda a entender mellor a complexidade dos ensaio & investigación e Gabriel Rei-Doval procesos de contacto e a recoñecer o interese destas investigacións • Lingua e identidade na fronteira galego-portuguesa para o avance do coñecemento lingüístico. Editores: Xulio Sousa, Marta Negro Romero e Rosario Álvarez ) e i • A lingua galega no solpor medieval ( ) Editores: Ramón Mariño Paz e Xavier Varela Barreiro • Estudos sobre o cambio lingüístico no galego actual investigación Editores: Xosé Luís Regueira e Elisa Fernández Rei & • Antroponimia e lexicografía Editora: Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo • Calen barbas, falen cartas. A escrita en galego na Idade Moderna ensaio ( Editores: Rosario Álvarez e Ernesto González Seoane Variedades lingüísticas en contacto na Península Ibérica Variedades lingüísticas en contacto na Península Ibérica / Francisco Dubert-García, Vítor Míguez, Xulio Sousa, editores. — Santiago de Compostela : Consello da Cultura Galega, 2020. — 220 p. : map. ; 24 cm. — (Ensaio & Investigación) DL. C 889-2020. — ISBN 978-84-17802-23-3. 1. Linguas en contacto-Ibérica, Península. 2. Variación (Lingüística). 3. Cambio lin- güístico. 4. España (Linguas). 5. Portugal (Linguas). I. Dubert-García, Francisco, ed. lit. II. Míguez, Vítor, ed. lit. III. Sousa, Xulio, ed. lit. IV. Consello da Cultura Galega, ed. Consello científico da colección (Serie Lingüística) Ana Maria Barros de Brito (Universidade do Porto) Dante Lucchesi (Universidade Federal da Bahia) Josefa Dorta Luis (Universidad de La Laguna) Maria-Pilar Perea i Sabater (Universitat de Barcelona) Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja (Universidad de Alcalá) DOI: 10.17075/vlcpi.2020 Edita © CONSELLO DA CULTURA GALEGA, 2020 Pazo de Raxoi · 2.º andar · Praza do Obradoiro 15705 · Santiago de Compostela T 981 957 202 · F 981 957 205 [email protected] www.consellodacultura.gal Proxecto gráfico Imago Mundi Deseño Maquetación J. M. Arana Imprime Imprenta Mundo Depósito Legal: C 889-2020 ISBN 978-84-17802-23-3 FRANCISCO DUBERT-GARCÍA VÍTOR MÍGUEZ XULIO SOUSA EDITORES Variedades lingüísticas en contacto na Península Ibérica e i ( ensaio & investigación ) Limiar Francisco Dubert-García Vítor Míguez Xulio Sousa o mundo existen na actualidade máis de 6000 linguas que son faladas por comunidades que viven en 195 países recoñecidos internacionalmente. En consecuencia, contra unha visión que propugna o monolingüismo como normalidade lingüística, re- sulta obrigado concluír que o contacto de linguas e variedades non é unha anormalidade, senón que é un feito inevitable e unha constante na Nhistoria das comunidades humanas. Neste sentido, a situación do galego e a das outras linguas peninsulares non resulta singular nin extraordinaria. Sen irmos máis lonxe, no ámbito ibérico dáse contacto entre as variedades orixinarias (ga- lego, castelán, asturiano, portugués, vasco, aranés, catalán, aragonés, etc.) e entre estas e outras faladas por inmigrantes, os seus descendentes e residentes estranxei- ros (romanés, árabe, alemán, wu, lingua quechua, etc.). Na Península dáse tamén o contacto entre as diversas variedades lingüísti- cas adscritas a cada unha das linguas históricas, dado que os idiomas vivos non son entidades homoxéneas, senón conxuntos de variedades sociais, xeográficas, etarias etc. en convivencia e intercambio continuo. En Galicia recoñécese, por exemplo, a existencia dun galego tradicional, dun galego culto (coas súas subva- riedades autonomistas e reintegracionistas), dun novo galego urbano etc. As situacións de contacto, as súas causas e consecuencias, poden ser analiza- das desde moitas perspectivas, xeralmente autónomas pero tamén complementa- rias (social, lingüística, etnográfica, histórica, psicolingüística etc.). Neste volu- me1 pretendemos mostrar posibles análises lingüísticas de situacións de contacto en comunidades que nos son próximas cultural e xeograficamente no ámbito peninsular. A perspectiva que se pretende adoptar ten en conta os fenómenos 1 A preparación e edición deste volume financiouse cos proxectos Contacto e cambio lingüístico en gale- go (FEDER/Ministerio de Economía e Competitividade, FFI2015-65208-P) e Variación e cambio nos dominios galego e portugués no século XX (FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, PGC2018-095077-B-C44), e coas Axudas ás Unidades Investigación Competitivas do SUG (FEDER/Xun- ta de Galicia, ED431C 2017134). 7 Francisco Dubert-García, Vítor Míguez e Xulio Sousa estritamente lingüísticos que o contacto produce. É ben sabido que alí onde se encontran xentes que falan diferentes idiomas existe unha tendencia, que moitos consideran natural, a buscar formas de facerse entender remontando as barreiras que as diferenzas lingüísticas levantan: cando entran en contacto linguas diferen- tes xorden os pidgins, os crioulos e as linguas mixtas (coma a media lengua en Ecua- dor ou o michif en Norteamérica); cando o contacto se dá entre variedades dunha mesma lingua obtéñense as koinés; cando as linguas en contacto se manteñen (ben porque non desaparece ningunha, ben porque non xorde outra nova), prodúcen- se os fenómenos de préstamo, interferencia, transferencia e converxencia. Todos estes casos son distintos, aínda que a crenza popular tenda a xuntalos e igualalos; de aí a afirmación incorrecta de que o galego está nun proceso de crioulización. Os procesos de contacto teñen un sustento social, pois as linguas non existen á parte das sociedades e dos falantes que as usan. Interveñen en todos estes pro- cesos factores coma: a. o grao de prestixio das linguas implicadas (que non deixa de ser unha con- secuencia do recoñecemento social e do poder dos seus falantes), pois entre linguas de prestixios desiguais a converxencia pode ser máis ben unidireccio- nal: a lingua menos
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