DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Management in Guardaña Watershed a Case Study of a Pilot Pedagogical Watershed in Bolivia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Management in Guardaña Watershed a Case Study of a Pilot Pedagogical Watershed in Bolivia Social management in Guardaña watershed A case study of a pilot pedagogical watershed in Bolivia MSc thesis by Sonia Natalia Vásquez Díaz October 2015 Soil Physics and Land Management Group 1 Social management in Guardaña watershed: a case study of a pilot pedagogical watershed in Bolivia Master thesis Soil Physics and Land Management Group submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science in International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University, the Netherlands Study program: MSc International Land and Water Management Student registration number: 851215852110 LDD 80336 Supervisors: WU Supervisor: Aad Kessler Montpellier SupAgro Supervisor: Thierry Ruf Agris Mundus Supervisor: Didier Pillot Examinator: Coen Ritsema Date: 30/10/2015 Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University 2 Abstract The Bolivian Ministry of Environment and Water, concerned for soil and water problems in the country, created the National River Basin Plan (PNC in its Spanish acronym) as a tool to implement its own approach for water management, known as Social River Basin Management. As it considers river basin as the basic management level and local capacity building as a priority, the Pedagogical Watershed Program is being implemented through pilot projects. This study was carried out in Guardaña, one of the six Pedagogical Pilot Watersheds located in Oruro Department between 3810 and 4722 meters above sea level. A case study was conducted in a four-month field work in order to understand the natural and socioeconomic dynamics as well as how the PNC watershed approach has been implemented. These two elements are combined to propose a strategy for enhancing integrated management in Guardaña. On the one hand, Guardaña has a context of strong differences in upper and lower zones; land degradation evidenced by erosion in the upper part and water pressure in the lower part led by agriculture. SWC practices have been implemented with different levels of success, being water harvesting the most recognized and adopted by farmers. On the other hand, Guardaña has developed a watershed concept with important specificities in three components discussed in river basin approach implementation: boundary definition, watershed management organization and scale issues. Based on the findings, a strategy for Guardaña watershed social management is proposed with the next components: 1) Promote motivation and capacity building for up- scaling; 2) Develop the Guardaña Watershed Management Plan, 3) Articulate PNC programs. Resumen El Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, preocupado por los problemas del suelo y del agua en el país, creó el Plan Nacional de Cuencas (PNC) como una herramienta para aplicar su propio enfoque de gestión del agua, conocida como Gestión Social de Cuencas Hidrográficas. Considerando la cuenca hidrográfica como el nivel básico de gestión y la creación de capacidades locales como una prioridad, el Programa Intercultural de Cuencas Pedagógicas está siendo implementado a través de proyectos piloto. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en Guardaña, una de las seis cuencas pedagógicas piloto ubicada en el Departamento de Oruro entre los 3810 y 4722 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Un estudio de caso se llevó a cabo a través de trabajo de campo durante cuatro meses con el fin de entender por una parte, las dinámicas naturales y socioeconómicas en Guardaña, y por otra parte la implementación del enfoque de cuenca del PNC. Estos dos elementos se combinan para proponer una estrategia para el mejoramiento de la gestión integrada de la cuenca Guardaña. Por un lado, Guardaña tiene un contexto de fuertes diferencias entre la zona alta y baja; se evidencia degradación de suelos por erosión en la parte alta y fuertes presiones en el manejo del agua en la parte baja debido a la agricultura. Se han implementado prácticas de conservación de suelo y agua con distintos niveles de éxito, siendo la cosecha de agua la más reconocida y adoptada por los agricultores. Por otro lado, Guardaña ha desarrollado un concepto de cuenca con importantes especificidades en tres componentes discutidos actualmente en la aplicación del enfoque de cuencas hidrográficas: delimitación, organismos de gestión de cuencas hidrográficas y aspectos de escala. Con base en los resultados, se propone una estrategia para la gestión social de la cuenca Guardaña con los siguientes componentes: 1) Promover la motivación y el desarrollo de capacidades para el escalamiento; 2) Desarrollar el Plan de Manejo de la Cuenca Guardaña, 3) Articular y ajustar los programas del PNC. 3 Table of Content Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Table of Content ............................................................................................................................ 4 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 7 Preface ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1: Introduction and background ....................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9 Background ............................................................................................................................... 9 Study area location ................................................................................................................ 9 Water resources management in Bolivia ............................................................................. 11 National River Basin Plan - PNC ........................................................................................ 11 Guardaña Pedagogical Watershed ....................................................................................... 12 Research questions .................................................................................................................. 13 Research Methodology ............................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2: What is “Guardaña watershed”? ................................................................................ 15 Constructing the “watershed” concept .................................................................................... 15 MIC project (2008 - 2012) .................................................................................................. 16 The Guardaña Pedagogical Watershed project (CPG in Spanish) (2014 – 2016) ............... 17 Differences between concepts ................................................................................................. 18 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 21 Chapter 3: Current soil and water management in Guardaña...................................................... 22 Dynamics................................................................................................................................. 22 Zoning ................................................................................................................................. 22 Distribution dynamics ......................................................................................................... 23 Main problems associated to land and water management in Guardaña ............................. 25 Implemented strategies: Soil and Water Conservation practices ............................................ 27 Water management: Atajados ............................................................................................. 27 Cross slope barriers: slow-forming terraces ........................................................................ 28 Alluvial bank terraces .......................................................................................................... 29 River bank protection: Gabions and salicaceae plantation ................................................. 30 Forest management: Forestation ......................................................................................... 30 Cropping management: Aynokas ......................................................................................... 31 Grazing land management: mating pens (Ark’ana Cancha) ............................................... 31 Water Management: drinking water and irrigation ................................................................. 32 Drinking water .................................................................................................................... 33 Watering livestock............................................................................................................... 33 4 Water for Irrigation ............................................................................................................. 34 Integrated Farm Management ................................................................................................. 36 Spiritual aspects and traditions in natural resources
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arqueologías Vitales
    ARQUEOLOGÍAS VITALES Henry Tantaleán y Cristóbal Gnecco (Editores) Los contenidos de este libro están protegidos por la Ley. Está prohibido reproducir cualquiera de los contenidos de este libro para uso comercial sin el consentimiento expreso de los depositarios de los derechos. En todo caso, se permite el uso de los materiales para uso educacional. Para otras cuestiones, pueden contactar con el editor en: www.jasarqueologia.es Primera edición: enero de 2019 © Edición: JAS Arqueología S.L.U. Plaza de Mondariz 6, 28029 Madrid www.jasarqueologia.es Edición: Jaime Almansa Sánchez Diseño de cubierta: Emilio Simmonds © Textos: Los autores © Imágenes: Especificado en el pie. ISBN: 978-84-16725-22-9 Depósito Legal: M-3084-2019 Impreso por: Service Point www.servicepoint.es Impreso y hecho en España - Printed and made in Spain CONTENIDO Conversación en Lima 1 Cristóbal Gnecco y Henry Tantaleán Seguir la huella y curar el rastro. Memorias de una 19 experiencia colectiva de investigación y militancia en el campo de arqueología argentina Ivana Carina Jofré Arqueo-devenires, Zarankin-centrismos y presentes 61 contaminados Texto: Andrés Zarankin Dibujos: Iván Zigarán Cuando descubres que el arqueólogo local no eres tú. 71 Dos encuentros con la isla Pariti Juan Villanueva Criales Sueño y catarsis: hacia una arqueología post- 91 humanista José Roberto Pellini La cerámica de Anuma’i y las marcas del fin del 123 mundo Fabíola Andréa Silva La arqueología en la era del multiculturalismo 151 neoliberal: una reflexión autobiográfica desde San Pedro de Atacama (norte de Chile) Patricia Ayala Rocabado Confesiones de un postarqueólogo 173 Cristóbal Gnecco Entre el Cauca y el Magdalena: una historia apócrifa 193 de la arqueología colombiana en el último tercio del siglo XX Wilhelm Londoño Cuando el “otro” eres tú.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Andean Grains: Balancing Market Potential And
    Biodiversity of andean grains: Balancing market potential and sustainable livelihoods Edited by Alessandra Giuliani, Felix Hintermann, Wilfredo Rojas and Stefano Padulosi Bern University of Applied Sciences c Biodiversity of andean grains: Balancing market potential and sustainable livelihoods d Biodiversity of andean grains: Balancing market potential and sustainable livelihoods Edited by Alessandra Giuliani, Felix Hintermann, Wilfredo Rojas and Stefano Padulosi Bioversity International and the Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) December 2012 Biodiversity of andean grains: Balancing market potential and sustainable livelihoods Bioversity International is a world leading research-for-development non-profit organization, working towards a world in which smallholder farming communities in developing countries are thriving and sustainable. Bioversity’s purpose is to investigate the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity in order to achieve better nutrition, improve smallholders’ livelihoods and enhance agricultural sustainability. Bioversity International works with a global range of partners to maximize impact, to develop capacity and to ensure that all stakeholders have an effective voice. Bioversity International is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, which works to reduce hunger, poverty and environmental degradation in developing countries by generating and sharing relevant agricultural knowledge, technologies and policies. This research, focused on development, is conducted by a Consortium of 15 CGIAR centres working with hundreds of partners worldwide and supported by a multi-donor Fund. The School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences – HAFL – located in Zollikofen, Switzerland, is part of Bern University of Applied Sciences. It is recognised as a centre of competence in the agricultural, forestry, natural resources management and food industries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study in Development from the Cattle Region
    CONFLICT BETWEEN WHITES AND INDIANS ON THE LLANOS DEPARTMENT: A CASE STUDY IN DEVELOPMENT DE MOXOS , BENI FROM THE CATTLE REGIONS OF THE BOLIVIAN ORIENTE By JAMES C. JONES DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF A FULFILLMENT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1980 To Ignacianos and other Peasants of the Bolivian Oriente. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many institutions and individuals, both in Bolivia and in the United States, contributed to make this study possible. Owing to the sensitivity of some of the material presented, however, the names of certain helpful Bolivians and Bolivian agencies must remain anonymous to assure their welfare. This is made especially necessary by the severe government retaliation against and repression of dissent that currently obtains in that country. Certainly the author's first debt of thanks in Bolivia goes to the Ignacianos, without whose intimate collaboration this study could not have been achieved. The story told in the pages to follow is their story in particular, but it is in a more general way also the story of all peasants of the Beni Department. Moving closer to home, the author tenders warm thanks and to Professor Wagley, chairman of his doctoral committee, Bernard, to Professors Solon Kimball, Maxine Margolis, Russell doctoral and David Bushnell for their guidance through the program and especially for their suggestions for improvement be remembered of the manuscript. Professor Wagley will always affectionately for his unstinting moral support throughout. The research reported herein was financed by three after institutions. The project was conceived and designed m a summer's preliminary reconnaissance of the Beni Department made possible by a grant from University of Florida Founda- tion Tropical South America Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivia? Why Invest in Bolivia?
    1 2 ¿POR QUÉ INVERTIR EN BOLIVIA? WHY INVEST IN BOLIVIA? • Solidez macroeconómica............................................................................ 5 • Macroeconomic soundness......................................................................... 5 • Bolivia - País confiable para invertir.............................................................15 • Bolivia - A reliable country to invest ..........................................................15 • Bolivia un nuevo destino de inversión - potenciales sectores estratégicos...........16 • Bolivia: a new investment destination - potential strategic sectors......16 • Marco legal favorable y estable para la inversión extranjera............................20 • Favorable and stable legal framework for foreign investment...................20 • Políticas de integración..............................................................................23 • Integration policies..................................................................................23 • Oportunidades de obtención de financiamiento.............................................24 • Facilities to get financing..........................................................................24 • Un país para Vivir Bien..............................................................................25 • A country to Live Well..............................................................................25 OPORTUNIDADES DE INVESTMENT INVERSIÓN - SECTORES OPPORTUNITIES - SECTORS • Hidrocarburos...............................................................................28
    [Show full text]
  • Guía Turistica Guide Tourist
    > Oruro Guía Turistica Guide Tourist 1 Presentation Presentación La vasta geografía orureña es depositaria de ex- celsas y milenarias civilizaciones precolombinas que florecieron en esta parte de Sudamérica dejando como herencia imperecedera resabios arqueológicos y templos coloniales de singular arquitectura que, a pesar del inexorable decurso del tiempo, quedan como silenciosos testigos de un pasado glorioso. Oruro es una ciudad histórica y legendaria en cuyos sombríos socavones y suntuosos museos se refleja el esplendor socioeconómico, produc- to de la explotación minera y el desarrollo co- mercial de décadas pasadas que promovieron su crecimiento y desarrollo. Muestra también su elegante arquitectura virreinal su riqueza pai- sajística y natural. También ostenta su majestuoso Carnaval, la ma- yor expresión del folclore y cultura boliviana que mágica fusión pagano - religiosa hacen del Car- naval un singular atractivo que anualmente ge- nera la visita de turistas nacionales y extranjeros. La riqueza mitológica, etnográfica, religiosa, his- tórica, natural y cultural convierte a Oruro en un potencial destino turístico que invita a conocer algo de su historia a través del tiempo. Lic. Rossío Pimentel Flores ALCALDESA MUNICIPAL DE LA CIUDAD DE ORURO 2 3 CONTENTS ÍNDICE PAG. 7 PAG. 7 GENERAL INFORMATION INFORMACIÓN GENERAL PAG. 17 PAG. 17 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS ATRACTIVOS TURÍSTICOS PAG. 48 PAG. 48 NATURAL SITES SITIOS NATURALES PAG.60 PAG.60 COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE PRE- ARQUITECTURA VIRREINAL PAG. 74 PAG. 74 COLUMBIAN TREASURES LIVING RIQUEZA PRECOLOMBINA PAG. 82 PAG. 82 CULTURES CULTURAS VIVAS PAG. 86 PAG. 86 THE ANDES ATLANTIS LA ATLANTIDA DE LOS ANDES PAG. 88 PAG. 88 MINING TOWNS CENTROS MINEROS PAG. 92 PAG.
    [Show full text]
  • Utilizing Microcatchment Systems to Increase Tree Establishment Rates in the Bolivian High Plains
    UTILIZING MICROCATCHMENT SYSTEMS TO INCREASE TREE ESTABLISHMENT RATES IN THE BOLIVIAN HIGH PLAINS By MATTHEW E. COHEN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2002 The thesis: “Utilizing Microcatchment Systems to Increase Tree Survival Rates in the Bolivian High Plains” is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY. School of Forestry and Wood Products Signatures: Thesis Advisor:_____________________________________ Blair Orr Dean:_____________________________________ Glenn D. Mroz Date:_____________________________________ ii PREFACE In 1998 I graduated from the University of California, Davis with a Bachelor of Science degree in Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology. During my last year at Davis, I decided that I wanted to spend some time working and living abroad in a completely different culture from the one I had grown up in. The Peace Corps Masters International Program offered at Michigan Technological University seemed to fit perfectly with my desire to have a unique cultural experience while continuing to further my education and career goals. Following a year of forestry related classes at Michigan Tech, I was assigned to serve in the Peace Corps Natural Resource Project as a forestry and soil conservation Volunteer in the country of Bolivia. In my two years in the Peace Corps, I spent my time bouncing between two separate jobs. The site to which I was assigned to work at was a small university research station located in the high plains of Bolivia. As a Volunteer at this station I worked on a variety of different projects from soil conservation extension work with local Aymara farmers to teaching nursery management courses at the university.
    [Show full text]
  • What's New in the Mineral World?
    ============================================================ What’s New in the Mineral World? Report #29 August 27, 2011 by Thomas P. Moore The Mineralogical Record [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ They call it “deep summer,” and by mid-August, I’d say, I’m out of my depth, or at least I feel so when necessity brings me outdoors to flail about in the hot bath of monsoon season in Tucson. Much better to be coolly ensconced in my office, coolly checking out mineral sites on the web and counting the days until Denver (and, beyond it, Munich, in cool astringent Bavarian late October). The mineral pickings online these [dog] days are still a bit slim, but that makes discoveries all the more fun; let me tell you about a few I’ve been making. Tincalconite pseudomorph after borax, 17.6 cm, from the Baker mine, Kramer borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California. Middle Earth Minerals specimen and photo. On the Web To begin with something unusual and sort of strangely attractive, there are some cabinet and miniature-size groups of tincalconite pseudomorphs after borax from the great 1 ============================================================ www.MineralogicalRecord.com ©2011 The Mineralogical Record, Inc. ============================================================ Kramer deposit at Boron, California, on view at the site of a dealership never before cited in these reports: Middle Earth Minerals (www.middleearthminerals.com). The specimens were collected in 1979 by John Seibel and Jim Minette, in the then-underground Baker mine, a locale which literally vanished into air at some later time, while the huge open pit excavation—where borate mining goes on to this day—was being enlarged.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Environment Facility I N V E St I N G I N 0 U R P L A'n E T
    •gef GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY I N V E ST I N G I N 0 U R P L A'N E T Naoko Ishii CEO and Chairperson February 10, 2016 Dear Council Member: UNDP as the Implementing Agency for the project entitled: Regional (Bolivia, Peru): Integrated Water Resources Management in the Titicaca-Desaguadero-Poopo-Salar de Coipasa (TDPS) System,_ has submitted the attached proposed project document for CEO endorsement prior to final approval of the project document in accordance with UNDP procedures. The Secretariat has reviewed the project document. It is consistent with the proposal approved by Council in May 2014 and the proposed project remains consistent with the Instrument and GEF policies and procedures. The attached explanation prepared by UNDP satisfactorily details how Council's comments and those of the STAP have been addressed. I am, therefore, endorsing the project document. We have today posted the proposed project document on the GEF website at www.TheGEF.org. If you do not have access to the Web, you may request the local field office of UNDP or the World Bank to download the document for you. Alternatively, you may request a copy of the document from the Secretariat. If you make such a request, please confirm for us your current mailing address. Sincerely, Naoko Ishii Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson Attachment: GEFSEC Project Review Document Copy to: Country Operational Focal Point, GEF Agencies, STAP, Trustee 1818 H Street, NW• Washington, DC 20433 •USA Tel: +I (202) 473 3202 - Fax: +I (202) 522 3240 E-mail: [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Robert Leland Smale 2005
    Copyright by Robert Leland Smale 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Robert Leland Smale certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Above and Below: Peasants and Miners in Oruro and Northe rn Potosí, Bolivia (1899 -1929) Committee: Jonathan Brown, Supervisor Susan Deans -Smith Virginia Burnett Margot Beyersdorff Erick Langer Above and Below: Peasants and Miners in Oruro and Northern Potosí, Bolivia (1899 -1929) by Robert Leland Smale, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2005 Dedicated to the memory of my father: Leland “Skipper” Smale 1940-1990 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the following institutions and organizations for their financial assistance in the execution of this dissertation. The Department of History at the University of Texas at Austin which provided me with a Dora Bonam and Gardener Marston Fellowship in 2002 and 2003. The Tereza Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies (TLLILAS) at the University of Texas at Austin which provided me with a Tinker Foundation Field Research Grant in 1999; I would also like to thank the Tinker Foundation. The TLLILAS also provided me with a Foreign Language Area Studies Fellowship for the study of Quechua in 1997. The Graduate College of the University of Texas at Austin provided me with a Thematic Fellowship (Poverty, Mobility, and Environmental Studies) in 2001 and 2002 and a David Bruton, Jr. Fellowship in 2000 and 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Document of Image Scans
    .............. :........................................................................ ,r-:-l [J ~'-"~~~ L.:J ..LIt L / / THE BAHA'I FAITH 1844- 1 963 l,NFORMATION STATISTICAL- & COMPARATIVE , INCLUDING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF TH.E TEN YEAR INTERNATIONAL BAHA'i TEACHING & CONSOLIDATION ,PLAN 1953 -,-- 1963 I / I I / / / / I I I / I I I COMPILED BY THE HANDS OF THE CAUSE RESIDING IN THE HOLY LAND , ' .10 [] .........................................•....•..... ~ ••......•.........•.....•......... ~ , , THE BAHA'I FAITH 1844- 1963 SHOGHI EFFENDI GUARDIAN OF THE FAITH IN LOVING MEMORY COMPILED BY THE HANDS OF THE CAUSE RESIDING IN THE HOLY LAND TABLE OF CONTENTS INFORMATION STATISTICAL AND COMPARATIVE 1844-1963 Dates of Historical Significance 1844-1963 5 Achievements under the Ten Year International Baha'i Teaching and Consoli- dation Plan 7 ~ Countries Opened to the Faith of Baha'u'llah 1844-1963 9 '" S' Languages in which Baha'i Literature has been Translated and Printed I I ~ ~ Languages in which Baha'i Literature is being Translated 13 ~ List of the Bab's Best-Known Writings 13 ;:se' ~ Alphabetical List of Baha'u'llah's Best-Known Writings 13 --t:l::. ~ ~ Races Represented in the Baha'i World Community 15 ;:,.. 0 <;' ~ Minority Groups and Races with which Contact has been Established by ~ t""' tx:l tj Baha'is 15 I:: a African Tribes Represented in the Baha'i Faith 16 ~ tr:I ~ ..,Z Indian Tribes of the Western Hemisphere Represented in the Baha'i Faith 19 ~ Indian Sub-Continent, Pacific and Indian Ocean Tribes and Peoples Represen- tr:I ted in the Baha'i Faith 19 0 >Tj Alphabetical List of Capitals and Chief Cities where Baha'is reside throughout .., the world 19 :I: tr:I Hands of the Cause 22 t::C Baha'i National Spiritual Assemblies 1953 22 ~ > :I: Baha'i National Spiritual Assemblies 1963 23 ~..
    [Show full text]