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Post-Harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia

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Post-Harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia Journal of Ecology and Natural Resources ISSN: 2578-4994 MEDWIN PUBLISHERS Committed to Create Value for Researchers Post-harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia Asmamaw B*, Berisa L and Shitaw T Research Article Animal Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Ethiopia Volume 5 Issue 2 Received Date: March 15, 2021 *Corresponding author: Berhan Asmamaw, Animal Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian April 27, 2021 Biodiversity Institute, P. O. Box 30726 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel: +251911541110; Email: Published Date: DOI: 10.23880/jenr-16000237 [email protected] Abstract A study was conducted on post-harvest loss and other fishery-related activities at Alwero reservoir in Abobo district. Semi- structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to gather basic and primary information. The amount of fish catch per single trip was varied from 20kg to 60kg, with an average of 30.350±16.760. However, a considerable amount of fish is lost due to high ambient temperature, shortage of storage facilities, lack of quality fishing gear and transportation. The loss per single trip is 6.780kg of different fish species, which is about 22% of the total catch in a year. The abundance and diversity causes of post-harvest loss in the reservoir is badly needed. of fish species in the reservoir are highly threatened. Therefore, a holistic approach to solving at least some of the existing Keywords: High Temperature; Overfishing, Storage; Transportation Introduction Fishery contributes a lot to the animal protein which is one of the several ways of post-harvest fish losses requirements of many communities in both the industrialized canthat beresults very in rapid increased after povertyit is caught. [9]. 30% The ofspoilage landed processfish are and developing worlds [1]. Besides, it can also generate (Rigorlost through mortis) microbial will start activity within alone 12 [10].hours Fresh of their fish spoilagecatch in income which serves as a source of livelihood for millions of the high ambient temperatures of the tropics [11]. the lack people [2]. However, small-scale fisheries are facing many areof ice the boxes causes for of proper losses storage[12]. Ethiopia of fresh loses fish one-third onboard ofafter its duringchallenges the handling,including processing, post-harvest storage, loss, transportation,illegal fishing, and hauling of fishing net and unsuitable fish handling method over-fishing [3]. A high level of post-harvest losses occurs annual production and this was about 10,000 tons of fish per marketing of fish [4,5]. The level of post-harvest fish losses annum [13]. In studying the post-harvest fish losses at Lake in the fishing communities determines the income level of Zipway, the total tilapia losses estimated to be 15.17% [14]. the fishers [6]. Post-harvest losses in developing countries In Ethiopia, there is a severe shortage of information on fish estimated to be up to 50% of domestic fish production [7]. post-harvest loss andat Alwero its impacts reservoir, on fish Gambella, diversity. upon This which study suitablyIn Indonesia, handled, a post-harvest processed, fish and loss marketed is estimated to reduce as high post- as appropriateis therefore conservationplanned to gather strategies baseline would information be planned. on fish 30-40% [8]. Fish is a highly perishable food that needs to be harvest losses [2]. Fishermen are faced with fish spoilage Post-harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia J Ecol & Nat Resour 2 Journal of Ecology and Natural Resources Materials and Methods variables were calculated using SPSS version 16 [17]. To Description of the study area Alwero reservoir, linear regression analysis was carried out.explore Besides, variables the correlation that affect offish different post-harvest variables loss was at alsothe The study was conducted in the Alwero reservoir (Figure 1) in Kano kebele of Abobo wereda, Anuak zone, Gambella map the study area. National Regional State. The reservoir was built by the identified using the same software. ArcGIS [18] was used to then United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) for irrigation Results purposes. It is located at 7.86310N, 34.49390E and has a total 2 area of 22.1km . The reservoir has a water holding capacity Socioeconomic Information of the Respondents of 74.6 million m3 and is found at a distance of 47km south of Gambella city [15]. Abobo wereda has a total human The study was conducted in Gambela National Regional population of 15,741 [16]. State, Anuak zone, Abobo wereda kebele. For this study, 49 people were interviewed, of whom 43 , specifically at Kano respondents ranged from 18 to 32 years, the average was being 24.18(87%) ± were 3.85 males years, and and 6 (12.2%)their marital were statusfemales. was The dominated age of the respondents had different educational statuses ranging from by married people (39,79.6%) over singles (10,20.4%). The The“no formalnumber schooling” of household (37,75.5%), members which of was the therespondents dominant rangedgroup, tofrom high 1 toschool 9, with (9,18.4%) an average and value college of 2.78levels ± (3,6.1%).1.98. The of any organization working on environmental conservation majority (45,91.8%) of the respondents were not a member aactivities, place that while takes very less few than of themhalf an (4,8.2%) hour walk replied from that Alwero they are indeed members. Almost all of them (45,91.8%) live in Figure 1: Map of the study area. an hour walking distance from the reservoir. The respondents reservoir, while only 4 of them (8.2%) live in half an hour to Data Collection Method (48,98%) indicated that they possess land that varied in claimedsize from to less have than no 0.25land. ha The (9, livelihood 18.4%), 0.25 of the ha respondentsto 0.5 ha (3, Kano kebele, which is geographically closer to the depends6.1%) and on above two major0.5 ha economic(37,75.5%), activities but an individualbeing practiced (2%) reservoir was systematically selected and respondents the objectives of the study. Both structured and semi- in their area, i.e. Agriculture (22,44.9%) and Fisheries and structured(N=49) were questionnaires interviewed afterwere they used were to gather briefly information told about trade,Agriculture and gear combined making. (27,55.1%). Those respondents who are involved in fisheries are mainly engaged in fishing, fish production/catch and price, and the cause of post-harvest loss.on the Focus socioeconomic group discussion status was alsoof the held respondents, with experienced fish trip varied from 20kg to 60kg, with an average value of The amount of fish the respondents catch per single the district to generate further information on the general fishers, heads of administration, and fisheries experts of 30.35±16.76 kg. All of them (48,98%) agreed that they information was generated through observations of the go fishing six days a week, while a person (2%) reported landingaspects site,of the local fishing market, activities and means in the of studytransportation area. Besides, used importantthe number in ofthe fishing following days order: as three. Mormyrus The respondents kannume (local also nameprioritized Dolo) the and fish Heterotis species niloticus they catch (local as name most Uluak/Uloek)economically city. Citharinus citharus (local to deliver the fishes to hotels and restaurants at Gambella Oreochromis Data analysis niloticusas their first choice (49,100%), andname Gymnarchus Abel) as their niloticus second (local choice name (48, 98%),Wit/Uit) as their Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency distribution, (local name Uredo) (47, 96%) as their third choice percentages) of both quantitative and qualitative explanatory fourth choice (41,83.7%). Asmamaw B, et al. Post-harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia. Copyright© Asmamaw B, et al. J Ecol & Nat Resour 2021, 5(2): 000237. 3 Journal of Ecology and Natural Resources The maximum, minimum, and average price of each harvest losses in their area as the absence or shortage of low catch seasons in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) was given by problem and market distance (the closest local market at theeconomically respondents important as stated adult in Tablefish species 1. All theduring respondents high and Abobostorage town, and transportwhich is 5 facilitieskm from (13,26.5%),the reservoir transportation and Gambella locally called Achiy (It is made of wooden stick 1.5 – 2.5m long.(49,100%) At the reported end of the that stick they joined are using cone-shaped a single fishing horn thengear motorbikes,city at 45km) and (34,69.4%), distributed and to hotelsa high andnumber restaurants of fishers in detachable hook-like spear with the horn. The hook-like (2,4.1%). The fishes are packed in a sack, transported by spear is tied with a 3m rope to other ends of the stick) [15]. The respondents were asked about the major problems Gambella city every day. To protect the collected fishes from bothbeing solar spoiled, and 34 smoking (69.4%) processing of the respondents methods. areAs ausing means solar to minimizeprocessing loss, methods respondents and the remaininghave copping 15 (30.6%) strategies are usingof an they face as fishers and they prioritized the challenges as a shortage of storage and transportation facilities (16,32.7%), shortage of quality fishing gears, storage and transportation immediate sale (44,89.81%), and sale at a lower price and (23,46.9%), and aquatic weeds (10,20.41%). Almost all of trip)preservations is expected (5,10.2%). from May Fishing to October is seasonal and the in lowest the Alwero from the respondents (48,98%) reported that they do encounter Februaryreservoir, towhereby March of the the year.highest The fish highest catch post-harvest (quantity lossper fish loss and listed the causes as the length of time the fish is observed from January to March, mainly because of the causesremains of in loss nets were before observed hauling in (27, the 55.1%), reservoir, and at predators, a landing high ambient temperature of the area and severe storage and high ambient temperatures (22,44.89%).
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