Oromia Forested Landscape Program (Oflp) Social Assessment (Sa )
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Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) For the Implementation of REDD+ in Ethiopia INCLUDING THE OROMIA FORESTED LANDSCAPE PROGRAM (OFLP) SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SA ) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change The National REDD+ Secretariat and Oromia REDD+ Coordination Unit Addis Ababa February 2017 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Oromia Environment, Forest and Climate Climate Change (MEFCC) The National Change Oromia REDD+ Coordination Unit REDD+ Secretariat E-mail: [email protected] , P. O. Box: 12760 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Telephone: +251-115-58-05-36 Fax: +251-115-58-05-90 Web- https://reddplusethiopia.wordpress.com E-mail: [email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Project Team members : Sebsebe Demissew (Prof.-Team Leader, Biodiversity Specialist), Zerihun Woldu (Prof.-Vegetation Ecologist), Tamrat Bekele (PhD.- Vegetation Ecologist), Mekuria Argaw (PhD, Environment, Natural Resource Management), Gizaw Ebissa (MSc,-Environmental Analyst), Ketema Abebe (PhD.-Environmental Sociologist), Mellese Madda (PhD- Sociologist), Alemu Mekonen (PhD.-Economist), Ermias Aynekulu (PhD.- GIS Specialist and Vegetation Ecologist), Mellese Damtie (PhD.- Policy Analyst). Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 General Concerns and Recommendations ........................................................................... 11 Environmental Concerns and Recommendations ................................................................ 12 Social Concerns and Recommendations.............................................................................. 13 Legal, Institutional and Policy ............................................................................................. 14 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 16 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................... 16 1.2. Objectives of the SESA ......................................................................................... 17 2. REDD+ Mechanism and indicative strategic options ........................................... 18 3. Approach and Methodology .................................................................................. 45 3.1. Approach ............................................................................................................... 45 3.1.2 Preparation for the SESA ................................................................................. 45 3.1.3 Scoping .............................................................................................................. 45 3.1.4 Identifying and Mapping of Stakeholders ...................................................... 46 3.1.5 Collecting and Analyzing Baseline Data ......................................................... 46 3.2. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Secondary data review .................................................................................... 48 3.2.3 Primary Data Collection .................................................................................. 49 3.2.4 Criteria for Sample Sites Selection ................................................................. 50 3.2.5 Hot-spot for Deforestation and Forest Degradation ..................................... 51 3.2.6 REDD+ Projects Implementation Potential ................................................... 51 3.2.6.1 Leakage ......................................................................................................... 50 3.2.6.2 Forest Cover .................................................................................................. 50 3.2.6.3 Forest Types (diversity) .............................................................................. 50 3.2.6.4 Socio-economic settings .............................................................................. 50 3.2.6.5 Plantation sites ............................................................................................. 50 3.2.6.6 Regional States ............................................................................................. 51 3.2.6.7 Samples sites ................................................................................................. 51 4. Ethiopia Baseline Situation .......................................................................................... 53 4.1. Population Profile .................................................................................................. 53 4.2. Social Profile ............................................................................................................. 54 4.3. Social Profile of Oromia ........................................................................................... 54 vii. Riverine vegetation .................................................................................................. 62 4.4.3 Ground Water ................................................................................................... 72 4.4.4 Hydropower ..................................................................................................... 73 4.4.5 Road Network ................................................................................................... 74 5 Oromia Baseline Situation: The People, Culture, Identity and Forest ...................... 76 5.2 Oromo People, Culture and Identity ..................................................................... 76 5.3 Oromo Traditional Resource Management and Conflict Resolution .................... 77 5.4 Institutions in Resource Management and Conflict Resolution ............................ 78 5.5 Most Vulnerable and Underserved Groups in Oromia .......................................... 80 5.6 Grievance Redress Systems .................................................................................. 82 5.6.1 World Bank Group Grievance Redress Service ................................................ 82 5.6.2 OFLP Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................... 82 6 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Process ................................................... 84 6.2 Objectives of the Stakeholder Analysis .............................................................. 84 6.3 Procedures of Stakeholder Analysis .................................................................. 85 6.4 Identification of the Potential Stakeholders ...................................................... 85 6.5 Analysis of the identified Stakeholders ............................................................. 92 7 Summary of Public Participation and Consultations with Stakeholders in Oromia . 96 7.1 Consultation Approaches ...................................................................................... 96 7.2 Summary of Issues and Dates of Community Consultation post October 2015 Appraisal of OFLP........................................................................................................... 96 7.3 Community Consultation and Participation focused on three key agendas, ......... 97 7.4 General level of awareness and understanding on Climate Change, OFLP and REDD+ ............................................................................................................................ 97 7.5 General Agreements .............................................................................................. 97 7.6 Concerns raised during Consultation .................................................................... 98 7.7 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 99 8 Environmental and Social Situation of Ethiopia ..................................................... 101 8.2 Environmental Situation of the Forest Sector of Ethiopia .................................. 101 8.2.2. Main Environmental Issues of the Forest Sector ............................................. 103 8.2.2.1. Agricultural investment in forest areas ........................................................ 103 8.2.2.2. Forest Coffee Management and Forest degradation .................................... 104 8.2.2.3. Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Plantations in the Forest .................................. 104 8.2.2.4. Mining and Deforestations ........................................................................... 104 8.2.2.5. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) ....................................................................... 104 8.2.2.6. Smallholder Agriculture............................................................................... 105 8.2.2.7. Overgrazing.................................................................................................. 105 8.2.2.8. Fuel Wood Extraction and Charcoal production ......................................... 106 8.2.2.9. Climate Change ............................................................................................ 106 8.2.2.10. Pollution ....................................................................................................... 106 8.2.2.11. Urbanization ................................................................................................. 106 8.2.2.12. Forest Fire ...................................................................................................