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Forest Landscape Restoration

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Forest Landscape Restoration FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION Initiatives in Ethiopia Azene Bekele-Tesemma Addis Ababa May 2002 Compiled by IUCN-EARO and WWF-EARPO Table of Contents 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 WWF/IUCN Forests for Life Programme and Forests Reborn ...........................................................................1 1.2 Evolution of the Forest Landscape Restoration Approach..................................................................................2 1.3 Key principles underpinning the Forest Landscape Restoration .........................................................................3 1.3.1 Operating within the Landscape Level ................................................................................................3 1.3.2 Focusing on the restoration and balance of forest functions ................................................................4 1.3.3 Finding an acceptable balance between two filters ..............................................................................4 1.3.4 Additional principles of Forest Landscape Restoration........................................................................5 1.3.5 The need for an enabling environment for FLR...................................................................................6 1.4 The Relevance of FLR for East Africa ..............................................................................................................6 2. The FLR Study ...............................................................................................................................................7 2.1 Justification......................................................................................................................................................7 2.2 Scope ...............................................................................................................................................................7 2.3 Purpose and Objectives.....................................................................................................................................8 2.4 The Stages of the Review..................................................................................................................................8 2.5 Analytical framework.......................................................................................................................................9 3. National Overview..........................................................................................................................................9 3.1 National Profile ................................................................................................................................................9 3.2 Forest Functions.............................................................................................................................................13 3.3 Status of forest cover over the years................................................................................................................14 3.4 Policy and Legal Status ..................................................................................................................................16 3.5 Institutional Set-up .........................................................................................................................................18 4. Analysis of Policy and legal Framework related to forest regeneration......................................................19 4.1 Relevance of FLR with National Priorities ......................................................................................................19 4.2 National Development Policies /strategies.......................................................................................................20 4.3 Synergies and main conflicts ..........................................................................................................................20 5. Analysis of existing forest regeneration initiatives.......................................................................................23 5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................23 5.2 Conformity (strength versus weaknesses) of Forest Regeneration Initiatives to FLR Parameters ......................23 6. Synthesis 25 6.1 Relevance of FLR to national Priorities...........................................................................................................25 6.2 Opportunities and constraints in introducing & implementing FLR approach...................................................25 6.2.1 Opportunities ...................................................................................................................................25 6.2.2 Constraints.......................................................................................................................................26 6.3 Critical landscapes where FLR could be appropriately initiated .......................................................................27 6.4 Key emerging issues.......................................................................................................................................28 6.4.1 Institution establishment:..................................................................................................................28 6.4.2 Forest Development Strategy............................................................................................................28 6.4.3 Policy-related issues.........................................................................................................................28 7. Conclusions and recommendations ..............................................................................................................29 7.1 Conclusions....................................................................................................................................................29 7.2 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................................................30 7.2.1 Change in perception........................................................................................................................30 7.2.2 Strategies .........................................................................................................................................30 7.2.3 Land and tree tenure policy...............................................................................................................31 7.2.4 Institution ........................................................................................................................................31 7.2.5 Effort towards system understanding and reforestation efforts...........................................................31 List of Reference .....................................................................................................................................................32 Appendix 1.Sources of information.........................................................................................................................34 Appendix 2: Forest regeneration and policy initiative case studies on conformity to FLR , case by case ............36 Appendix 3: Forest regeneration and policy case studies on conformity to FLR: case study at regional and national level ................................................................................................................................61 Appendix 4: Wildlife resources and endemism in Ethiopia .............................................................................64 Acknowledgements The study on Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative in Ethiopia is made possible with the help and cooperation of many individuals and institutions. It will be difficult to mention all. However, the experts and regional head of the bureaus of Tigray, Amhara, Gambella and Oromiya Regional States deserve special thanks. The heads of the Department of Natural Resources of the federal Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, and forestry and wildlife experts of the Bureau of Agriculture of the Southern Nations and Nationalities Regional State also deserve my special thanks. IUCN/WWF International developed the concern, concept and interest in the study. This, itself, deserves special thanks. In addition, it is IUCN/WWF International that financed the study. Without such financial support the study could have been impossible. The study touched upon a number of issues. Some, such as the policy matters, are sensitive and others are technical and simple. For many of the questions paused on the evaluation of the conformity of a policy or forest regeneration initiative, there were no ready-made answers. The experts of the above mentioned bureaus had to think and think before agreeing on a score to be assigned to the various parameters. The same was true to a number of additional information needed. It was interesting in that every one has to think back and judge the methodology followed in executing the forest regeneration initiatives in their own program areas. The same was true in judging the contributions of the policies in backing the progress of those regeneration initiatives
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