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VOLUME II MAIN REPORT Assessment of the Value of The VOLUME II MAIN REPORT Assessment of the Value of the Protected Area System of Ethiopia, “Making the Economic Case” Prepared by for Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority Sustainable Development of the Protected Areas System of Ethiopia (SDPASE) Project September 2009 Your contact at ÖBf: Alois Schuschnigg and Alexander Horst Pummergasse 10-12 3002 Purkersdorf Austria Tel: +43-2231-600 55 20 Fax: +43-2231-600 55 09 Email: [email protected] and/or [email protected] ii TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT...................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ v LIST OF MAPS.............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................vii EXCHANGE RATE..........................................................................................................vii ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................................................viii SECTION 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................. 1 SECTION 2: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 3 2.1 Study Objective ...............................................................................................................3 2.2 Methodology and Tools Employed.......................................................................................3 2.2.1 UNDP Financial Sustainability Scorecards......................................................................3 2.2.2 WWF Protected Areas Benefits Assessment Tool ............................................................5 2.2.3 Study Limitations.......................................................................................................5 SECTION 3: BACKGROUND............................................................................................. 6 3.1 Policy and Legal Framework ..............................................................................................6 3.2 The SDPASE Project .........................................................................................................8 3.3 Ethiopia’s Protected Areas System......................................................................................8 SECTION 4: UNDP FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY SCORECARDS ......................................... 14 4.1 Overview of Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas.........................................................14 4.2 National Scorecard for EWCA ...........................................................................................15 4.2.1 Financial Analysis ....................................................................................................15 4.2.2 Management Framework ..........................................................................................16 4.3 Scorecard for Bale Mountains National Park.......................................................................17 4.4.1 Financial Analysis ....................................................................................................17 4.3.2 Management Framework ..........................................................................................18 4.3.3 Financial and Management Aspects ............................................................................19 4.4 Scorecard for Gambella National Park ...............................................................................21 4.4.1 Financial Analysis ....................................................................................................21 4.4.2 Management Framework ..........................................................................................21 4.4.3 Financial and Management Aspects ............................................................................22 SECTION 5: EWCA FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 24 5.1 EWCA Budget ................................................................................................................24 5.2 EWCA Income................................................................................................................26 SECTION 6: EWCA FINANCIAL NEEDS............................................................................ 32 6.1 Scenario 1: Resource Protection.......................................................................................32 6.2 Scenario 2: Basic Management and Investment .................................................................34 iii 6.3 Scenario 3: Effective Management ...................................................................................35 6.4 Summary......................................................................................................................35 SECTION 7: THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PROTECTED AREAS.............................................. 36 7.1 The Value of the Ethiopian Protected Areas System ............................................................38 7.1.1 Watershed Protection for Sustainable Development......................................................38 7.1.2 Carbon Stock ..........................................................................................................41 7.1.3 Biodiversity.............................................................................................................42 7.1.4 Medicinal Plants.......................................................................................................43 7.1.5 Genetic Resources ...................................................................................................44 7.1.6 Sedimentation and Soil Erosion .................................................................................45 7.1.7 Cost of Deforestation ...............................................................................................46 7.2 The Economic Value of Bale Mountains National Park ..........................................................48 7.2.1 Direct Use Values ....................................................................................................50 7.2.2 Indirect Use Values ..................................................................................................59 7.2.3 Option Values..........................................................................................................61 7.2.4 Existence Values......................................................................................................62 7.2.5 Summary of Economic Values ...................................................................................63 7.3 The Economic Value of Gambella National Park ..................................................................65 7.3.1 Direct Use Values ....................................................................................................68 7.3.2 Indirect Use Values ..................................................................................................74 7.3.4 Summary of Economic Values ...................................................................................76 SECTION 8: MOVING TOWARDS EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT .............................................. 78 8.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis................................................78 8.2 IUCN Suggested Management Framework for PAs ..............................................................80 8.3 The Way Ahead - Recommended Actions...........................................................................81 8.3.1 Securing Government Funding ..................................................................................81 8.3.2 Revenue Retention Scheme ......................................................................................82 8.3.3 Donor Programmes..................................................................................................83 8.3.4 Trust Fund ..............................................................................................................83 8.3.5 Reducing the EWCA Barriers to Implementation ..........................................................84 8.3.6 Local Communities, Employment and Funding .............................................................84 8.3.7 Cost Sharing Opportunities .......................................................................................85 8.3.8 “Green” Marketing ...................................................................................................87 8.3.9 Payment for Ecosystem Services ...............................................................................87 8.3.10 Carbon Sequestration Payments ..............................................................................88 SECTION 9: BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................... 90 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Protected Areas managed and regulated by EWCA ..........................................................10 Table 2: Protected Area managed by Regional Authorities ............................................................11 Table 3: Ethiopian Wildlife Sector Revenue 2008/09 ....................................................................16
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