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2 Nigeria Zambia Documentación de la experiencia Documentation of experience Documentation de l’expérience 2 Nigeria Zambia ð Havana 2005 - Documentation of experience SCP/LA21 Sustainable Cities Programme Localising Agenda 21 Programme United Nations Programme for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-20-623225, Fax: +254-20-623715, E-mail: [email protected] Websites: http://www.unhabitat.org/scp - http://www.unhabitat.org/la21 Impreso en el Instituto de Planificación Física, Cuba June 2005, Nairobi 2 Havana 2005 - Documentation of experience SCP/LA21 Table of content – Table des matières – Tabla de contenido Nigeria Implementation of the Sustainable Cities Programme in Nigeria 5 Innovating through Sustainable Ibadan Project 8 Sustainable Enugu Project 12 Papua New Guinea National Experience of Sustainable Cities 16 Perú Experiencia nacional de Perú 23 Proyecto GEO/Agenda 21 Local de Arequipa 28 Philippines Applications of the Sustainable Cities Programme Approach in Urban Environmental 33 Governance in the Philippines Local Environmental Planning and Management in Lipa City , Tagbilaran City, Cagayan 43 De Oro City Sénégal Programme national d’appui aux Agendas 21 Locaux 52 Agenda 21 Local de Louga 58 Agenda 21 Local de Guediawaye 60 Agenda 21 Local de Matam 62 Agenda 21 Local de Saint-Louis 64 Agenda 21 Local de Tivaouane 67 Sri Lanka Sustainable Sri Lankan Cities Programme 70 Tanzania Implementation of the Sustainable Cities Programme in Tanzania 81 Thailand Thailand National Experience 84 Zambia Role of National Capacity Building Institutions in documenting and mainstreaming 90 Experiences in Zambia Innovating through Sustainable Lusaka Programme 92 3 Havana 2005 - Documentation of experience SCP/LA21 4 Havana 2005 - Documentation of experience SCP/LA21 NIGERIA Implementation of the Sustainable Cities Programme in Nigeria Mr. Oladunjoye A. Oyewumi, National Programme Coordinator, Sustainable Cities Programme, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development Abstract of human settlements and environment, but have also greatly accelerated poverty. This paper is prepared for the 2005 Global Meeting of the Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP) and Localizing Agenda 21 The country is currently undergoing fundamental political, social Programme (LA21) Partners, taking place from 26 June to 1 July and economic reforms aimed at stabilizing the economy and 2005 in La Havana, Cuba. The meeting is sponsored by UN- placing the nation on the path of sustainable development. In HABITAT and UNEP, and hosted by the city of La Havana. The part, the objective of the reforms is to ensure effective service theme of the meeting is “Achieving sustainable urbanization – delivery and increase national productivity, thereby reducing Innovations for local and global results” with a focus on poverty among the populace. In its sectoral agenda, government mainstreaming / institutionalization of the Environmental is committed to reinvigorating the urban sector so as to improve Planning and Management concept. its productive and vibrant role in the overall national development. While certain components of the reforms target The paper reviews past urban management practices in Nigeria institutional changes, some aspects focus on attitudinal changes. and takes a look at current efforts at stimulating the urban sector Both aspects of the reform are indeed relevant in the context of and draws lessons for improved performance at the national level. the Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP) and fall within the It notes positive changes and limitations, and makes suggestions domain of the concept of Environmental Planning and on ways to achieve sustainable urban environmental Management (EPM). management. The paper underscores the need for implementation of development projects to demonstrate the veracity of the With respect to matters of the environment, the Nigerian people strategies and popularize the concept of consultation and are sufficiently aware of the fact that the land, water, coastlines, engagement in matters of urban environmental management. air and other natural resources in the towns and cities are being rapidly polluted and degraded, creating in the process loss of In the last five years, Nigeria has been pursuing an integrated valuable resources. Daily experience in Lagos, Port Harcourt and approach in the planning and management of its rapid Kano, and the various agitations from the oil producing regions urbanization which has resulted in reviews of the national are a clear attestation to this level of consciousness. However, policies on Urban Development and Housing and the evolution of low level of involvement of the people, absence of effective a home–grown National Economic Empowerment and advocacy and inappropriate programmes of development have Development Strategy (NEEDS). The central focus of the further compounded the problems of urban management. strategy is on poverty reduction, alongside sectoral policies on environmental management, sanitation, water, health and Past Approaches to Urban Planning and Management population. Issues of good governance and improved popular participation in governance and partnership with national and Nigeria has been experiencing a very high rate of population international development partners are also being mainstreamed growth and urban expansion. This rapid population growth has into national agenda for development. posed serious problems for physical and socio-economic development because of the inability of existing institutions and Urban Sector Overview mechanisms to cope with emerging challenges. Over-crowding of the living space, poor sanitation, decaying infrastructure, growing Nigeria is the most populous nation in sub-Saharan Africa, with rate of unemployment and under-employment, inadequate and an estimated population of 115 million for the year 2000, and an overstretched community and social services are some of the annual growth rate of about 3.0 per cent, making it one of the indicators of the problems as they affect urban development. fastest growing populations in the world. Not only is the country Also, some of the extant laws and regulations, and institutional experiencing one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world, arrangements impinge on good management procedure. its experience has also been unique in scale, pervasiveness and historical antecedents. This process has resulted in a very dense The demographic trend and cycle of urbanization in Nigeria is network of urban centres. typical of most developing countries – a high birth rate combined with a relatively low death rate resultin g in a high survival rate. Compared to a growth rate of 3.0 per cent for the total Economic factors such as the oil boom, abandonment of population, urban population has been growing at about 5.8 per agricultural activities, public investment policies and location of cent per annum. By year 2000, Nigeria’s urban population stood investments, creation of more States and Local Government at about 48.2 per cent of the total population and projections Areas, have all combined to accelerate the growth and spread of indicate that more than 60 per cent will live in urban centres by urban centres in Nigeria. Perhaps more important in this respect year 2025. The explosive rates of growth have not only is the declining economic circumstances in the rural areas which progressively complicated and exacerbated inter-related problems continues to push people (mostly unskilled and unemployable 5 Havana 2005 - Documentation of experience SCP/LA21 youths) to the urban centres which themselves are ill prepared position papers. State and Local Government bodies made and already overburdened. representations to the process and the final document was further subjected to discussion at the level of the National Council on Critical Policy Issues Housing and Urban Development. The council is an advisory body constituted by representatives of States and Federal Over the last three decades, Nigerian towns and cities have been Government that meets annually on matters of housing and urban growing without adequate planning and management. The development. All through the entire process of the review, the backlog of unmet infrastructure and service needs coupled with need for broad-based consultation was maintained and the inadequate maintenance programme continues to place extreme Committee ensured that the end product was owned through pressure on existing ones leading to rapid deterioration and consensus building. decay. Currently, critical urban policy issues include, but not limited to: In its recent efforts at restructuring the national economy and § Rapid rate of uncontrolled and unplanned growth leading to repositioning the country on a path to sustainable development proliferation of slums; under the reform agenda, a number of urban development issues § Poor coordination of urban – rural linkages in terms of are being addressed with a view to improving the urban policy and action resulting in massive rural – urban drift; environment and enhancing the role of cities in national § Neglect of infrastructure provision and maintenance; development. Such activities include: § Inadequate public service: water, sanitation, educational and § Review of extant laws and regulations that impinge on health facilities, security transportation, housing etc; effective urban planning and management. The most § Unemployment and under-employment; prominent is the
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