DOCSLIB.ORG

35173-013: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
35173-013: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Updated Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 35173-013 July 2015 NEP: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project —Bardghat (Nawalparasi District) Prepared by ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd., SILT Consultants (P) Ltd., and Unique Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd. for the Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank. This revised initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Government of Nepal Ministry of Urban Development Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) Project Management Office (PMO) Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Enhance Functionality in Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) Updated Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEE) for Bardghat Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Nawalparasi District Kathmandu, July 2015 Submitted by: Joint Venture in Between ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd. SILT Consultants (P) Ltd. Unique Engineering P. O. Box 2147 P.O. Box 2724 Consultancy (P) Ltd. Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal Min Bhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal P. O. Box 3522, Jwagal-10, Lalitpur, Nepal Tel: ++977-1-44 87 598, 44 75139 Tel: ++977-1- 46 21 764 (Hunting Line), Tel: ++977-1-55 49 332, 55 29 896 Fax: ++977-1-44 73 573 Fax : ++ 977-1- 46 22 298 Fax: ++977-1-55 49 332 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.silt.com.np Website: www.iteconepal.com Website:www.unecnepal.com.np Updated IEE of Small Town Water Supply Rehabilitation Sub-Project Bardhaghat, Nawalparasi Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... VII 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of IEE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Rational of IEE Requirement ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 2 2.1 ADB Policy ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 ADB Safeguards policy .................................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Nepal’s Environmental Policy and Legal Framework ..................................................................................... 5 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Alternatives considered in the approved IEE report 2006 ........................................................10 3.1.1 No Action ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Alternative Sources of Water ......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Choice of Technology .................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4 Water Supply Service Levels ......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.5 Sanitation ....................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.6 Period OF Construction ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.7 Choice of Alternative ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Alternatives for the Updated IEE ................................................................................................11 4. DESCRIPTION OF SUBPROJECT .......................................................................................................... 12 4.1 The Study Area .............................................................................................................................12 4.2 Existing Condition and Need for the Subproject.......................................................................14 4.2.1 General Information ....................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Sub Project Construction schedule ...........................................................................................15 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 17 5.1 PHYSICAL PROFILE ....................................................................................................................17 5.1.1 Topography ................................................................................................................................... 17 5.1.2 Land Use ....................................................................................................................................... 17 5.1.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................................................ 17 5.1.4 Climate and Rainfall ...................................................................................................................... 17 5.1.5 Landslide and Slope Stability ......................................................................................................... 17 5.1.6 Mining and Ouarty Sites ................................................................................................................ 17 5.1.7 Water Quality Analysis................................................................................................................... 17 5.1.8 Air Quality ...................................................................................................................................... 18 5.1.9 Noise and Vibration ....................................................................................................................... 18 5.2 Ecological profile .........................................................................................................................18 5.2.1 Conservation Status ...................................................................................................................... 18 5.2.2 Forest and Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 18 5.2.3 Wildlife ........................................................................................................................................... 18 5.2.4 Aquatic Life .................................................................................................................................... 18 5.3 Socio economic condition ..........................................................................................................19 5.3.1 Population, Communities and Occupation ..................................................................................... 19 5.3.2 Health and Sanitation .................................................................................................................... 19 5.3.3 Economic Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 19 5.3.4 Agricultural Development............................................................................................................... 20 ITECO - SILT - UNEC JV Pageii Updated IEE of Small Town Water Supply Rehabilitation Sub-Project Bardhaghat, Nawalparasi 5.3.5 Mineral Development ..................................................................................................................... 20 5.3.6 Infrastructure Facilities................................................................................................................... 20 5.3.7 Institutions ..................................................................................................................................... 20 5.3.8 Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 20 5.3.9 Land Use Planning ........................................................................................................................ 20 5.3.10
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Determinants of Maternal Health and Family Planning Service Coverage in Nepal: Modelling of Routine Data
    Determinants of Maternal Health and Family Planning Service Coverage in Nepal: Modelling of Routine Data Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Department of Health Services Teku, Kathmandu October 2020 Disclaimer: This analysis was carried out under the aegis of Integrated Health Information Management Section (IHIMS), Management Division, Department of Health Services (DoHS), Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP). This analysis is made possible with the UKaid through the Nepal Health Sector Programme 3 (NHSP3), Monitoring, Evaluation and Operational Research (MEOR) project and by the generous support of the American people through United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s Strengthening Systems for Better Health (SSBH) Activity. The content of this report is produced by IHIMS, Abt Associates Inc., SSBH program and NHSP3, MEOR project. The views expressed in the report are of those who contributed to carry out and complete the analysis and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government and British Embassy Kathmandu or the UK Government. Additional information about the analysis may be obtained from the IHIMS, Management Division, DoHS, MoHP, Teku Kathmandu; Telephone: +977-1-4257765; internet: http://www.mddohs.gov.np; or UKaid/NHSP3/MEOR project, email: [email protected]. Recommended Citation Department of Health Services (DoHS), Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), Nepal; UKaid Nepal Health Sector Programme 3 (NSHP3)/Monitoring, Evaluation and Operational Research
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Nepal—An Overview
    Water 2011, 3, 1-20; doi:10.3390/w3010001 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Review Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Nepal—An Overview Jay Krishna Thakur 1,2,*, Rinku Kumari Thakur 2, AL Ramanathan 3, Manish Kumar 4 and Sudhir Kumar Singh 5 1 Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands 2 Health and Environmental Management Society, Barhari Bazar, Bengadabur-6, Dhanush, Nepal; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Schools of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi -110067, India; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Departments of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Allahabad, Katra, Allahabad-211001, India; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]; Mob.: +49-17645387019. Received: 26 November 2010; / Accepted: 23 December 2010 / Published: 29 December 2010 Abstract: In Nepal, arsenic (As) contamination is a major issue of current drinking water supply systems using groundwater and has recently been one of the major environmental health management issues especially in the plain region, i.e., in the Terai districts, where the population density is very high. The Terai inhabitants still use hand tube and dug wells (with hand held pumps that are bored at shallow to medium depth) for their daily water requirements, including drinking water. The National Sanitation Steering Committee (NSSC), with the help of many other organizations, has completed arsenic blanket test in 25 districts of Nepal by analysing 737,009 groundwater samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Gandaki Province
    2020 PROVINCIAL PROFILES GANDAKI PROVINCE Surveillance, Point of Entry Risk Communication and and Rapid Response Community Engagement Operations Support Laboratory Capacity and Logistics Infection Prevention and Control & Partner Clinical Management Coordination Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Contents Surveillance, Point of Entry 3 and Rapid Response Laboratory Capacity 11 Infection Prevention and 19 Control & Clinical Management Risk Communication and Community Engagement 25 Operations Support 29 and Logistics Partner Coordination 35 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: BAGMATI PROVINCE 3 1 SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE 4 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: GANDAKI PROVINCE SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE COVID-19: How things stand in Nepal’s provinces and the epidemiological significance 1 of the coronavirus disease 1.1 BACKGROUND incidence/prevalence of the cases, both as aggregate reported numbers The provincial epidemiological profile and population denominations. In is meant to provide a snapshot of the addition, some insights over evolving COVID-19 situation in Nepal. The major patterns—such as changes in age at parameters in this profile narrative are risk and proportion of females in total depicted in accompanying graphics, cases—were also captured, as were which consist of panels of posters the trends of Test Positivity Rates and that highlight the case burden, trend, distribution of symptom production, as geographic distribution and person- well as cases with comorbidity. related risk factors. 1.4 MAJOR Information 1.2 METHODOLOGY OBSERVATIONS AND was The major data sets for the COVID-19 TRENDS supplemented situation updates have been Nepal had very few cases of by active CICT obtained from laboratories that laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 till teams and conduct PCR tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Integration in REDD+ and the ERPD in Nepal
    Gender Integration in REDD+ and the ERPD in Nepal ASSESSMENT REPORT AND GENDER ACTION PLAN Prepared by Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management For Forest Carbon Partnership Facility/World Bank June 2017 Kathmandu, Nepal Acknowledgements We are grateful for the time and knowledge contributed by the following individuals and organizations: • REDD-IC: Dr. Sindhu P. Dhungana – Chief REDD-IC (for overall support, guidance; coordination within the ministry as well as with the districts, and providing a full-time staff and coordination); Ms. SriJana Shrestha – Asst. Forest officer and Gender Focal Point – for coordination, field work and analysis; • Gender Focal Points of the MoFSC and its five departments, and all professional women staff of the forest sector for frankly sharing their views, issues, challenges and suggestions. • District Forest Officers for their help with coordination, and providing information and in some cases staff (Nawalparasi, Bara, Bardiya, Kailali, Dang, Kapilvastu and Dolakha districts) • HIMAWANTI central and district chapters for coordination of field visits and feedback; • District level CSOs and NGOs – NGO Federation, Tharu Kalyan, NEFIN, MMBKSS, HIMAWANTI, Community Forest Association, Private Forest Association, • Members of CFUGs, Collaborative Forest, Buffer Zone and Leasehold Forestry User Groups, including members of different natural resource management-related user groups for help with community level FGDs and interviews • Women’s groups, saving and credit groups and cooperatives,
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Nepal Quarter 2 Report - Feasibility Testing Phase
    September 2013 Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Nepal Quarter 2 Report - Feasibility testing phase DR A F T T racking Adaptation and Measuring Development (T A M D) Project Nepal: Second Quarter Report (July ± September, 2013) * * *** *** *** *** *** *** * * Prepared by Dr. Dinesh Chandra Devkota; Ms. Prabha Pokhrel; Mr. Jhank Narayan Shrestha; Mr. Anil Shrestha and Mr. Narayan Babu Joshi Submitted by: Integrated Development Society (IDS) - Nepal Kathmandu, September 2013 This report is prepared based on the selection of interventions and district for TAMD feasibility study in Nepal done by IDS-Nepal and submitted to IIED. It is based on exploratory field visit and meetings held with the key officials of Nawalparasi districts, Sukrauli Village Development Committee, two communities named Ghinaha and Nadiya tole and review of secondary information of the interventions and DDC/VDC. T A M D Coordination Committee Coordinator: Mr. Prakash Mathema (Chief, Climate Change Management Division / MoSTE) Members: Mr. Govinda Bahadur Shrestha (MoFSC); Mr. Chakrapani Sharma (MoFALD); Mr. Prahlad Prasad Sapkota (MoE); Ms. Ramita Manandhar (MoAD); Ms. Neeta Pokhrel (NPC); ISET Nepal; Dr. Susannah E. Fisher (IIED, UK); Ms. Prabha Pokhrel (IDS-Nepal). Member Secretary: Mr. Arjun Kumar Thapa (Chief, Climate Change Section / MoSTE) ii Executive Summary The TAMD feasibility study is to develop contextualized TAMD framework for Nepal to track climate change adaptation linkages with development interventions. This study is being conducted under the MoSTE/GoN in Nepal. In order to provide advice and guidance to the TAMD working team, the TAMD Coordination Committee (TCC) has been formed in MoSTE. The technical team had carried out the scoping of potential interventions including vulnerability assessment of the districts and produced report in the first quarter.
    [Show full text]
  • (GAP) by the Banana Farmers of Chitwan, Nepal
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.148551; this version posted June 12, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. TOPIC: APPLICATION OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) BY THE BANANA FARMERS OF CHITWAN, NEPAL Arati Joshia*, Dharmendra Kalaunia, Ujjal Tiwarib aFaculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal bDepartment of Agri-Economics and Agri-business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal *Corresponding author: [email protected] Arati Joshi is an agriculture graduate from Agriculture and Forestry University. Her area of interest includes agricultural economics, extension, gender studies and environmental science. She is currently working as an Agriculture Instructor. Dharmendra Kalauni is an agriculture graduate from Agriculture and Forestry University. His area of interest includes agricultural and applied economics and statistics. He is currently working as Agriculture Extension Officer. Ujjal Tiwari is an assistant professor of Department of Agri-Economics and Agri-business Management, Agriculture and Forestry University. ABSTRACT The paper was conducted to study the cultivation practices followed by the banana growers and compares it with the framework of Good Agricultural Practices as recommended by the World Banana Forum. Both qualitative and quantitative approach is used for data collection. The scheduled interview was carried out from 103 banana growers, two focused group discussion was carried out with the banana growers, and two key informant interview was carried out; one with the President of Banana Growers Association, Chitwan and another with Executive Director of Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Chitwan.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Pro-Poor and Gender Responsive Service Delivery Project
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 38059 January 2007 Nepal: Promoting Pro-Poor and Gender Responsive Service Delivery Project {(Financed by the <source of funding>)} Prepared by Lava Kumar Thapa For the Department of Women Development and Asian Development Bank This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. TA 4353 NEP PROMOTING PRO-POOR AND GENDER RESPONSIVE SERVICE DELIVERY PROJECT Completion Report (16 June 2005- 30 November 2006) by Lava Kumar Thapa Project Advisor Report Prepared for the Department of Women Development and Asian Development Bank January 2007 List of abbreviations used ADB Asian Development Bank APF advance payment facility CBC Community Based Committee CBO Community-based Organization CCDC Chhahari Community Development Centre CLDP Community Livestock Development Project CPN-Maoist Communist Party of Nepal - Maoist CTRD Committed Team for Rural Development DADO District Agriculture Development Office DDC District Development Committee DLS Department of Livestock Services DLSO District Livestock Services Office DOA Department of Agriculture DWD Department of Women Development GMCC Gender Mainstreaming Coordination Committee GON Government of Nepal IFCD Indreni Forum for Community Development IGA Income-generating activity MLD Ministry of Local Development MOAC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives MWCSW Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare NECS Nepal Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Progress Report FY 2070/71
    A joint programme of the Government of Nepal in collaboration with the Government of Finland, Switzerland, and the UK Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme (MSFP) Western Terai Lot III (Nawalparasi, Rupandehi and Kapilvastu) Annual Progress Progress Report F.Y. 070/71 (Reporting Period 16 July 2013 - 16 July 2014) Submitted by Resource Identification and Management Society (RIMS), Nepal P.O. Box 2464, Kathmandu Tel. No: 5537613 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rimsnepal.org Annual Progress Report FY 2070/71 Table of Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 1 Basic Information ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Strategic Review and Outlook ................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Way Forward ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Snapshot of Nepal .................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 Introduction of Implementing Agency: RIMS Nepal .............................................................. 6 1.3.3 Implementation of Multi Stakeholder
    [Show full text]
  • CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: a RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal
    Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Citation: WWF Nepal 2013. Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL): A Rapid Assessment, Nepal, August 2013 Cover photo: © Neyret & Benastar / WWF-Canon Gerald S. Cubitt / WWF-Canon Simon de TREY-WHITE / WWF-UK James W. Thorsell / WWF-Canon Michel Gunther / WWF-Canon WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program / Pallavi Dhakal Disclaimer This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Kathmandu Forestry College (KAFCOL) and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF, USAID or the United States Government. © WWF Nepal. All rights reserved. WWF Nepal, PO Box: 7660 Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820, F: +977 1 4438458 [email protected] www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Foreword With its diverse topographical, geographical and climatic variation, Nepal is rich in biodiversity and ecosystem services. It boasts a large diversity of flora and fauna at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Nepal has several critical sites and wetlands including the fragile Churia ecosystem. These critical sites and biodiversity are subjected to various anthropogenic and climatic threats. Several bilateral partners and donors are working in partnership with the Government of Nepal to conserve Nepal’s rich natural heritage. USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program, implemented by a consortium of four partners with WWF Nepal leading alongside CARE Nepal, FECOFUN and NTNC, is working towards reducing the adverse impacts of climate change, threats to biodiversity and improving livelihoods of the people in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Print 1
    IIDS Established in January 2002, the Indian Institute of Dalit Studies (IIDS) has been undertaking researches on the development concerns of the marginalized groups and socially excluded communities. Over the last more than five years IIDS has carried-out a large number of studies on different aspects of social exclusion and discrimination of the historically marginalized social groups, such as the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Religious minorities in India and other parts of South Asia (dalitstudies.org.in). In its endeavour to build data base on marginal groups for state policy and social action IIDS has been working with a wide range of national and international funding agencies and collaborates with a large number of scholars world over. Preface and Acknowledgements Indian Institute of Dalit Studies (IIDS) has been among the first research organizations to undertake studies on the development concerns of the marginalized groups and socially excluded communities. Over the last five years IIDS has carried out a large number of studies on different aspects of social exclusion and discrimination of the historically marginalized social groups, such as the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Religious minorities in India and other parts of South Asia. This report is part of a regional research project on caste-based discrimination and constitutes an important landmark for us. For the first time researchers from five countries of South Asia have worked together to understand the nature and forms of caste-based discrimination in different political settings of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This comparative study brings out new information on the extent and nature of caste based discrimination and we hope it will open up new spaces for state policy and civil society interventions for making South Asia a more just and democratic region.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Management Audit 2016
    Forest Management and Conservation (District Forest Office- Bara, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, and Rupandehi) Final Report of Environment Audit, 2016 (2072) l lll lllll lllll llll lll l Office of the Auditor General, Nepal Kathamandu, Nepal. 1 Forest Management and Conservation (District Forest Office- Bara, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, and Rupandehi) Final report of Environment Audit, 2016 (2072) Introduction 1. Background - Forest is one of important renewable national resources. Effective management and proper use of this resource could significantly contribute in economic and social development of a country, protection of environment and availability of essential goods and services to the majority of people residing in remote area. If forest resources are not properly managed, many environment problems may emerge Key Performance Indicator (KPI) caused by the degradation of forest • Systematic demarcation of forest resources. Sustainable and scientific • Removing Forest Encroachment • Implementation of Agreement management of forests are imperative to • Protection and monitoring of address the concerns of climate change and afforestation • REDD (Reducing Emissions from Controlling grazing and forest fire Deforestation and Forest Degradation). • Controlling export smuggling Existing Forest Policy and laws aim to • Scientific forest management achieve economic and social development through implementation of developed concepts in sustainable forest management, environment protection, bio-diversity and climate change. District Forest Offices have been
    [Show full text]
  • Violations of Freedom of Expression and Opinion During First Round of Level Election in Nepal
    Media Monitoring Report* Violations of Freedom of Expression and Opinion during First Round of Level Election in Nepal CONTEXT/BACKGROUND With much efforts and consensus among the political parties, Nepal held the first phase of the local level election on May 14, 2017. It is a seminal political event, for it was held in the hiatus of around 20 years and has served the base for future remarkable developments. The enthusiastic participation of people resulted in 73 per cent voters' turnout. With the new Constitution promulgated on 20 September 2015 having the mandatory provision of holding three-tier of elections – local, provincial and federal by 20 January 2018, Nepal became successful in holding the first round of the local level election, and now is all set to the second and third rounds on 28 June and 17 September 2017. The local election is not only to implement the federal setup of the new democratic republic but also to take development to people's doorsteps. The public service delivery is expected smooth, prompt, accountable and transparent with the local levels having the people's elected representatives. The change in the governance system has devolved huge financial, legal and administrative rights and authorities to the local levels. Proper implementation of system would obviously elevate people's lifestyle. As the election preparation went in full swing in 34 districts of Province No 3, 4 and 6, the publicity campaigning of various political parties participating in the election emerged competitive. It is natural for the political parties to campaign for their favour and candidates to win voters' confidence and secure their victories.
    [Show full text]