Chapter 3

Buildings for the District Libraries CHAPTER - III

BUILDINGS FOR THE DISTRICT LIBRARIES

A suitable library building plays vital part in bringing the library's material into the lives and thinking of those who normally might not make use of this treasure-house of knowledge. It is true that fundamentally a library is not a building but a service organisation. But public library building exemplifies the spirit of service that is library service. It offers to the community a compelling invitation to enter, read, look, listen and learn. The interior and exterior features of the library building should be such as to attain functional efficiency and beauty. In providing library service, therefore, the convenience and comfort of the people should be given primary consideration. Author describes in this chapter geographical environment of the district, establishment of library, change of name and development of library building of district libraries.

Ratnagiri Zilla Nagar Vachanalaya : (Ratnagiri Library) Geographical Environment of Ratnagiri District :

Ratnagiri district has an area of 8249 sq. km. with nine talukas. As per 1991 census total population of the district is over 15 lakhs. Literacy rate is 62.70 (Rural 60.57%, Urban 83.90%). It has nine talukas viz., Man- dangoda, Dapoli, Kheda, Guhagar, Chipalun, Ratnagiri, Sangameshwar, Rajapur and Lanje.

Establishment : Ratnagiri Book Society was established on 18 August

62 1828 ^ . In the same year institution demanded newspapers and periodicals free of cost to the government. Its name was changed to 'Native General Library'. . In 1888 one of the British officers suggested a change in the name of the library as 'General Library' as he wished to become a member. In 1937 freedom fighter Vinayak Damodar Savarkar proposed the change of name as 'Nagar Vachanalaya'. In 1947 it was recognised as district library. It did not receive government grant up to 1971.

In 1970 the institution got membership of British Council Library through which members of the library used valuable books. ^

Building : In 1958 a 'Building Fund Committee' was established with the efforts of president Shri Bapusaheb Parulekar under the Chairmanship of District Collector Shri Kasabekar. The target of the committee was to collect Rs. 20,000. In 1963 Zilha Parishad approved a grant of Rs. 10,000/-. First instalment of Rs. 3300 was released^ But this was returned back due to the inability of collection of a matching grant through subscriptions. In 1967, Surve Smarak Samiti agreed to donate Rs. 10,000/- on the condition that one of the halls would be named after late Kakasaheb Surve. Without taking any fees Shri Suresh Surve prepared charts and plan of the build­ ing. Keeping the future development of the library in mind, a modern plan was prepared by the architect Shri Athalye. Shri Keni was the contractor. Originally the estimation of the expenditure was Rs. 90,000/-. But due to increase in built up area and size, it required Rs. 1.50 lakhs. Mem-

^General Department, Bombay 1828 Vol. 13/166 p. 29. ^Ratnagiri Library, Annual report, 1970-71, p.4. ^Ratnagiri Library, Smaranika. 1978, p.29.

63 bers and officers of the management body raised this amount through (i) subscription - Rs. 75,000, (ii) Shivacharitra lecture series - Rs. 13,000, (iii) Government of grant - Rs. 75,000, (iv) Ratnagiri Nagar Parishad - Rs. 33,000, (v) Shri M.D. Naik - Rs. 15,000 (for hall), (vi) Ratnagiri Nagar Vachanalaya Building Committee - Rs. 10,000/-, (vii) Ratnagiri Nagar Parishad - Rs. 10,000, (viii) At the hands of Anna Saheb Lubri, donated by 'x' Rs. 9,500^

Due to the increase in cost of the material and change in planning they made an appeal to the citizens of Ratnagiri to raise the funds. In this amount they constructed two storeyed building consisting of four big halls of the size 50' x 70' which was inaugurated by famous industrialist Shri B.M. Gogate and chief guest was the former Principal Shivajirao Bhosale.

Government sanctioned 50% grant for furniture and equipment. The proposal was sent of Rs. 46,013.00. The rate mentioned in the proposal and present rate was different. ^. Therefore an amount of Rs. 23,013 released (50% of the proposal) was inadequate.

In 1977-78 a proposal made for toilets. Green room was not approved due to lack of funds.

Old furniture, which was not in good conditon was sold by inviting quotations ^. Other materials like typewriter, fan, loudspeaker, platform, bookstand, was purchased from the government grant of Rs. 9,516. ^

Need of extension of library building was felt during 1982-83. Naik hall

^Ibid. ^Ratnagiri library Annual report 1977-1978, p. 5 '^ibid, 1978-79, p. 4 ^Ibid. 1978-1979, p. 4.

64 was repaired. Windows were replaced by aluminium sliding window. An amount of Rs. 19,940 was spent. ^ Colouring of the building costed Rs. 7,363.00.

Due to the increase in space, library started additional services for chil­ dren and women. The number of cultural activities also increased, which resulted in increase in members.

Ahmednagar Zilla Vachanalaya (Ahmednagar Library) Geographical Environment of Ahmednagar Disrict :

The population of Ahmednagar district as per 1991 census is 33,72,359. Literacy rate is 61.03%(57.81% Rural and 77.66% Urban). Ahmednagar district has 1509 villages and 13 talukas. But there are only 261 libraries in these villages. This shows that only 17% villages have libraries. Karjat, Newasa, Pathardi, Shevgaon, and Shreegonda talukas together have only 24 village libraries as compared to 580 villages i.e. 4.14% only. The remaining talukas have better percentage with Ahmednagar having 43% as highest. Establishment and Early History Ahmednagar city has a rich heritage of five hundred years. It was estab­ lished by Ahmedshah Badshah, the Mughal emperor in 1499. He built up the fort of Ahmednagar in 1490 which is known as the 'Bhuikot Killa'. Dur­ ing the period of Indian Freedom movement in 1942, Pandit Nehru, Sardar Patel and Maulana Azad were held captive in the fort of Ahmednagar.

Over the period, the city has gone through various changes such as social, cultural and political. During the early period of the British rule, ^Ibid, 1986-87, p. 2

65 Ahmednagar was one of the military stations recognised by the British rulers. Due to this reason many British people were staying in the city in those days, and they started convent schools. Dhnyanodaya Marathi newspaper was being published from Ahmedna­ gar since 1842 and after that a number of periodicals were started publish­ ing from Ahmednagar. Periodicals published in the district in 1981 were 9 dailies and 22 weeklies.

Gangadharshastri Gune Mahavidyalaya was the first College established by Ayurved Shastri Seva Mandal, Ahmednagar as a college of professional education. The Ahmednagar College was the first college of mass education established in 1947 by B.P. Hiwale with the help of Ahmednagar College Friends Club (Earlier affiliated to Bombay University).

Ahmednagar Zilla Vachanalaya (Ahmednagar Library)

Ahmednagar library was established in 1838 by Captain P.T. French, agent for Bhills at Ahmednagar^ The earlier name of it was 'Ahmednagar Native General Library'. But in the District gazetteer^*^ it accounted as 'Ahmednagar city library'. The library continued its existence till 1840. Captain French left Ahmednagar and it was closed for want of encourage­ ment and funds. It was reopened in 1847.

Building :

The building of Ahmednagar Library is located in a place which is at­ tractive and hygienic. It is near the vegetable market, school and theatre. The building is the property of the library. It was housed in a big mosque

Ahmednagar District Gazetter, 1885 p. 581. lOlbid

66 belonging to a muslim. The court has given right of possession of it to the library. In the year 1938 there was an agreement between library commit­ tee and the owner of the mosque according to which library was paying Re. 1/- rent per month. After 40 years of the agreement the library committee made the change in the building as per their requirements. The owner of the mosque sent notice to the library committee about auction sale of the building by order of court. As per auction sale, Mr. Bapu Faujmal became the owner of the building. He sent another notice to committee about vacating the building. But committee had not given any response to his notice. Meanwhile, committee received another notice from Mr. Bapu Foujmal about increasing the rent of the library building. But committee had not given any response to his notice.

The library committee also tried getting another building for library in Ahmednagar city, but they failed to get appropriate building for library purpose. Because of very high charges for the construction of new building, the library committee decided not to vacate the building. As a reaction to the above directive, Mr. Bapu Faujmal made complaint in the court of Ahmednagar. Advocate Jog helped them free of charge in this matter and solved the problem.

In 1932 Vachanalaya had introduced a new facility 'Tilak Mophat Vachanal made and expanded the library building with the financial help from var­ ious people and institutions. The construction contract of the building was assigned to famous railway contractor in Ahmednagar city, Mr. K.S. Bamanasha. 'Tilak Smarak Mandir' was built for cultural activities per­ formed by the library. For the purpose, Rs. 10,178/- was collected from

67 the public as a Tilak Smarak Mandir Nidhi. Ahmednagar Municipality had supported by donation of Rs. 10,000/-.

In 1972 under the presidentship of Dr. Sriram Ranade and the Secre­ tary Mr. Ram Dasare, a plan for the new building was proposed. But the committee did not get the adequate funds. So plan could not materialise. An expenditure was borne for the construction of separate hall in the li­ brary by Shri D.G. Wadazirkar, former President of Ahmednagar library, in the memory of his mother in 1987-88.

Building of the Hbrary had 5649 sq. ft. built up area and 1364 sq. ft. open space. In the building 360 sq. ft, (for ladies section), 384 sq. ft. (for children section), and 120 sq.ft. (for reference section), were utilised.

Sarvajanik Vachanalaya, Nasik (Nasik Library) ; Geographical Environment of Nasik District :

Nasik district has an area of 15,530 sq. km. with 13 talukas viz. Satara, Sinnar, Malegaon, Suragana, Dindori, Kalawana, Petha, Chan- dawada, Nandagaon, Nasik, Niphada, Yevla and Igatapuri.

As per 1991 census the total population of the district is over 38 lakhs, literacy rate is 62.33%(Rural 53.28%, urban 78.39%).

Establishment and Early History Sarvajanik Vachanalaya, Nasik was established on 29 January 1853.^^ During the early years of development of library, it was under British rule and as the printing techniques was available with government alone, the books and periodicals in Marathi was a rare. By 1850, printing had reached

^^Mahajan, S.G. History of the Public Library Movement in Maharashtra, 1984, p. 65.

68 many towns in North and in Central and South India. With the development in printing, a number of books and news papers were printed in English as well as in regional languages.

Change of Name : While tracing the name of the library from old books different names were found such as 'Nasik General Library,' 'Nasik City Library', 'Native General Library'. Two old stamps were traced out of books, containing the name in English as 'Native Library Nasik' and in Marathi as 'Nasik Pustakalay'. In 1924, Constitution of library was prepared. Thereafter, it was referred to as 'Sarvajanik Vachanalaya'.

Building :

Initially the library was in Peshwa's old wada which was under the pos­ session of government. But due to all other offices in the same premises it was shifted to Rajabhadur's Wada which was situated on G.H. Deshpande road. Initially, Nasik Municipality office was also in the same premises. The efforts were made by Dr. R.P. Paranjpe in getting the place for li­ brary. On 1st August 1924, the library was shifted on the 2nd floor of Sarkarwada which was on permanent rent basis. Nominal rent of Rs. 3/- was paid annually.

In 1951 Government construction office asked the library to vacate the place, as Sarkarwada's building had become old and dangerous. In 1957 Shri F.H. Dastur, founder of Parsi school for boys made provision of Rs. 50,000. Government sanctioned the place for construction of new build­ ing of library on the ground of the highschool. On 31 May 1960, under the guidance of Shri G.J. Mhatre, a plan of building was prepared and

69 a Committee appointed. Committee had as its members Shri P. N. Pan­ dit, Shri G.J. Mhatre, Shri M.S. Aurangabadkar, Shri V.G. Upadhye, Shri P.V. Takle, and Shri S.V. Datar. The committee prepared a plan under the guidance of Shri Apte from Poona and Shri K.J. Mhatre, Bombay. Es­ timate budget for building was Rs. 7 lakhs for construction of 35,808 sq. ft. In 1966, it had a floor area of 19,423 sq. ft. at a cost of i?s.3,77, 591.15, which accommodated a theatre, entrance hall, stock room office, lavatory for gents and ladies. The following bodies generously gave donation^^ :

1. Maharashtra Government. Rs. 2,00,000 2. Mr. F.H. Dastur Rs. 50,000 3. Central Government, New Delhi Rs. 30,000 4. Rotary club Rs. 15,000 5. Nizam Trust Rs. 5,000 6. Tata Trust Rs. 1,500.

As these funds were not sufficient for its completion, residents of Nasik were requested to contribute generously. The library building was inaugu­ rated by the then Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan on 16 October, 1966. M.N. Roy noted in the remark book about the building that "The house in which it is situated makes the general library the most interesting public institution of Nasik. For general education the study of history is of great importance. The very building of this library is bound to induce the members to study history. I hope the library will help them to do so scientifically. By doing that it will render a public service of durable vlaue". ^3

^^Nasik Library : Smarnika, 1966, p. 11. ^^Nasik Library, Visitors' Register

70 Nasik Municipality donated Rs. 50,000, in i99i' therefore entrance hail was named as 'Nagarpalika Dalan'. One of the halls was called 'Swad- hyay Mandir' due to the donation of Rs. 50,000 received from Balaji Trust, which was inaugurated by Shringeri's Peethadhikari Jagatguru Shri Shankaracharya on 7 December, 1967. An ordinary person, who saved an amount during his life time, Mr. Saikhedakar donated Rs. 75,000 . The function was carried out under the Chairmanship of famous historian, Maha Mahopadhyaya Datto Waman Potdar on 9th September, 1969. In the memory of Dr. V.G. Panse, an independent reading hall 42' x 42' was built in 1974 with the financial assistance of Rs. 42,000 by Smt. Uamabai Panase^^ . Near about 225 students can occupy in this reading hall. This hall was inaugurated by Padmashree Anant Kanekar under the Chairman­ ship of Shree Achyutrao Apte.

Foundation of the building's extension was laid on 1.4.1993 and con­ struction was started on 15.12.1993. The total estimate for building of extension of underground hall, first floor and ground floor of 13,042 sq. ft. was Rs. 37 lakhs^^ . Janalaxmi Bank approved a loan of Rs. 15 lakhs. The plan of extension of building was prepared under the guidance of noted architect Shri G.J. alias Nanasaheb Mhatre, Shri Datta Nathe and Shri Gupta, Associate Architect.

Natyagriha : Shri K.P. Saikhedkar from his life saving donated an amount of Rs. 75,000 for the construction of the Natyagriha. In recognization of this gift, the name of his father, Shri Parashuram Saikhedkar was given. President

^^Nasik Library - Annual report, 1974-75, p. 3. ^^MA, 1993-94, p.T

71 of the library and famous architect gave the guidance. In 1969-70, exec­ utive body decided to repair it. For this purpose Nasik Merchant Bank sanctioned the loan of Rs. 40,000^*^ . Gulalwadi Vyayamshala kept with the library a fixed deposit of Rs. 10,000/-. Joshi brothers did not charge their commission on the purchase of a microphone^^.

Bank issued a loan of Rs. 5,000/- Shri Dattopant Ashtaputre and Shri Kumar Aurangabadkar, were guarantors. Separate green room for artists was constructed and a separate stair case was built. Famous dramatist Shri Vasantrao Kanetkar presented electrically movable curtain costing Rs. 5,000/-.

For carrying out the electrical fittings of the Natyagriha an amount of Rs. 30,000 was required. Part of the amount was raised with the help of the scheme "without interest deposit".

Karaveer Nagar Vachan Mandir, Kolhapur (Kolhapur Library) Geographical Environment of the District : Kolhapur was the capital of and headquarters of the political agent for the Southern States during the 19th century. The city stands on a rising ground about 1790 feet above the sea and about a mile from the south bank of Panchaganga river. It is 64 miles East of the coast 76 miles South of Satara, and 66 miles North of Belgaum. Including the suburbs it has a circumference of 4| miles. The Kolhapur district has an area of 8,047 sq. km. with twelve talukas. As per 1991 census total population of the district is 29,74,352, percentage

I'^Ibid, 1969-70, p. 9. i^Ibid, p. 4.

72 of literate persons is 66.94.

The Rankala lake which is a prominent feature of the city is located beyond the suburbs and covers an area of 500 acres. The Padmala lake located on the south-east which is at higher level than the town. According to legend the names of 'Kolhapur and Karveera' are derived from the fact that two demons, Kolhapura and Karaveera, who lived in these parts, were defeated and killed on a hill in the vicinity of the city^^ . It was also known as Kolakcetra, i.e. Kolhapur or Karveerpur. The goddess of aboriginal tribes such as the Kols or Kolis was Kolla. The name 'Karveer' is referred in the early Puranas as a place of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is also the place of Jain and Buddhist culture. Kolhapur began to acquire importance as a seat of Goddess Ambabai. Her temple proved to be another centre of growth, a religious centre. Its importance continued to grow in later times, chiefly because of the strategic importance lent by the nearness of fort of Panhala and by its position as meeting place of several trade routes connecting the western coast.

Establishment and Early History :

During the regime of Shivaji III (Babasaheb Maharaj) 'Kolhapur Native Library' was founded by Colonal H.L. Anderson, the then Political Agent, on 15th June, 1850^^

He called a meeting in Raviwarwada building to discuss for establishing a library, advantages and disadvantages of the library and on the spot he collected Rs. 5,000/- from Jaliagirdars, Sardars and rich citizens. Out

^^Karveer Mahatmya Adhyaya, 33; 40, 41 sloka ^^Mahajan, S. G. op.cit., p. 289.

73 of this, Rs. 100/- was given by His Highness The Maharaja of Kolhapur. The Hbrary started functioning with a meagre collection of 442 books. The number of members was 7 and the monthly income by way of subscription was Rs. 15/- only. Out of 442 books, some of the books were donated by Karveer Darbar, Dakshina Committee and some philanthrophists.

A building was constructed by spending Rs. 2,508.50. The building was purchased by Karveer Darbar for a hospital, and civil surgeon Dr. Sinclaire was staying in the same building. Even today the building is occupied by civil surgeon on C.P.R. Hospital campus. In the new buildings of the library books worth of Rs. 1,050.80 were purchased and Rs. 232.15 spent on other stationary. Rs. 1,063.20 were reserved for museum. Colonel Anderson wanted to open the museum near the library. For that, some material like magic lantern was collected. In 1861, number of members were 21 and the monthly income by way of subscription was Rs. 21/-. Library was looked after by a head clerk in the political department. From the establishment of library i.e. from 1850 to 1853.library was managed by Shri Sadashiv Sakharam, from 1853 to 1857, Shri Anandrao Chaphajee and from 1857 to 1867 by Shri Vishwanath Krishnanath alias Bhaidada Dhurandhar. The subscription amount was deposited in Karveer Darbar's treasury and amount withdrawn as and when required. M/s. Forbs & Co., Bombay, were the bankers of the institution. All the dealings were carried out through the bankers. Library was subscribing to English papers like Blackwood, Cornhill, Illustrated London News, Times of India, and Hindu Harbinger, Marathi papers like Dhnyana-Prakash, Dhnyanodaya, Vartman Dipika and Dhumketoo, etc. The library made steady progress under the

74 supervision of the various political agents and by and large through the efforts of Shivaji III. The library services were availed by Europeans as well as local citizens.

After seventeen years the Europeans severed their ties with this insti­ tution and established an independent 'Agency Book Club'. Secretary of the library sent a detailed list of subscribers to His Highness stating that the income had decreased. Since the parting of Europeans, no new books were purchased, and subscription to newspapers was also curtailed. His Highness was requested to appeal to Jahagirdars, Sardars and citizens to become members of the library and reducing the library fee from Rs. 2/-, Re. 1/-, RejD.50 and R&.0.25. per month only so that membership of the library would be increased and helped purchase new books and subscribe to more number of news papers. The library building was taken over by Kolhapur Darbar, hence the Library was shifted to a place near Maruti Temple in Shaniwar Peth in the year 1867.

The Kolhapur Darbar passed the 'Kolhapur Public Libraries Act 1945' and thus Kolhapur library was converted into Kolhapur State Central Li­ brary. A scheme was proposed to construct a new building for central library and to start a few mobile libraries for villages and primary and sec­ ondary school libraries. Accordingly, 15 villages libraries were established and 30 boxes for travelling libraries were prepared for circulation.

Change of Name :

In 1924 the name 'Kolhapur Native Library' was changed to that of 'Kol­ hapur General Library' and since 1934, it is popularly known as 'Karveer Nagar Vachan Mandir'. After the merger of Kolhapur state in the Indian

75 Union, the then Bombay Government gave recognition to this library as District Library in 1950.

Building :

With the lead taken by H.L. Anderson, the Political Agent, a library building was constructed spending an amount Rs. 2,508.50. The building was taken by Karveer Government for the New Hospital, when the new building of Albert Edward Hospital was completed. The library building was given to Dr. Sinclare, a state civil surgeon, for residential purpose.

In the year 1867, library was in small building near Maruti Temple in Shaniwar Peth. The building was not suitable, hence the secretary tried to locate a suitable place, but his efforts were fruitless. At last a request was made to the Political Agent and Nagpurkar Wada, was handed over for the library after minor repairs by the State Engineering Department. In October 1870, Pharidbhai Bohri's building in Gujari was taken on lease for ten years, on payment of Rs. 2,500/-.

In 1873, number of books and members increased considerably, library building was not suitable for providing services to the readers.

A resolution was passed in the general meeting, in 1874 to request the Political Agent to donate Rs. 1,000/- for the building fund. A request was also made to the President of Kolhapur MunicipaUty for donation of Rs. 1,000/ - .A plan for the building estimated to cost Rs. 5,000/- was prepared. All the members, Jahagirdars, respected citizens were requested for contributions to the building fund.

As financial assistance was not made available, the political agent and

76 municipality, the state overseer suggested a increase in the height of the racks and the use of ladders.

In August 1878 a pubUc meeting was held to collect building fund as the Rs. 3,600/- already donated by people and His Highness Chhatrapati of Karveer were not sufficient.

On 22nd August 1879, Managing Committee requested Colonel F. Snieder, Political Agent and M.S.C. stating that as Kolhapur Native Library is run on the public funds and has a large reading community there is no indepen­ dent and spacious building for the library, hence a big hall 60' x 35' with attached rooms was necessary. The management had collected a donation of Rs. 6,500/-.

On receipt of application. Political Agent, through his letter No. 2313 of 1879, dated 29th August, 1879, asked to furnish details of the library's yearly income and expenditure and list of donors.

The Political Agent, Col. W.C. Par through a letter No. 1106, dated 29th March 1880, sanctioned the library building plan and estimate, and a sum of Rs. 23,703/- to start the work of the library building. The construction of jUbrary building was started in the year 1879 and completed in the year 1881. An amount of Rs. 2,000/- was spent on the new library building. New furniture was also purchased for the library.

Library was transferred to the present building in the year 1882, which was built at a cost of Rs. 27,000/-. Out of this amount Rs. 10,000/- were contributed by Kolhapur Darbar, and Rs. 10,000/- by the Kolhapur City Municipality. A portion of the remaining amount was collected through

77 contributions, and the remaining amount from funds of the hbrary. As this building, though large, was found to be insufficient, a site adjoining to the building was acquired, and a new reading hall was built at a cost of Rs. 12,600/- solely from the funds of the library. An ornamental frontage was provided for the library, built in a style harmonising with the beautiful architecture of the noble edifice across the road the 'Rajaram College'.

In 1892-93, general body approved a proposal to acquire the building located on the east of the library, on lease for Rs. 1,600/- with agreement for ten years.

On 19th December 1897 Managing Committee decided to purchase the building adjacent to the library and the deal was completed in the year 1901 and further buildings in the neighbourhood were acquired in 1906 and 1915. On July 16th 1916, general body resolved to construct a new extension to the building, with the library's own funds and donation from the public. The general meeting resolved to raise building fund for extension of the present building from the citizens and members. In response to appeal in the year 1957, Shri M.V. Gokhale family, Pune, donated Rs. 11,000/- for the building fund. A function of naming ceremony of the hall and unveiling of the portrait of Late Viswanath Ravji Gokhale, who was a Chief .Justice of the State during the year 1883-84, the President of Karveer Nagar Vachan Mandir, was held under the Presidentship of Justice Shri S.B. Dhavale.

On 19.10.1979, a function of laying the foundation stone of new exten­ sion of the building at the hands of Bhaiyyasaheb Pardeshi was held^o.

20 Kolhapur Library : Annual Report, 1979-1980, p. 8. The Janata Cooperative Bank, Pune agreed to provide finance for the new building on condition that the ground floor would be rented to the bank. It was estimated that for the construction of 900 sq. ft. area, approxi­ mately Rs. 3 lakhs were essential. While digging the foundation for the new building, a 'Panch Dhatu Pot', containing 173 golden coins was found. All the coins were handed over to the Collector of Kolhapur and a request was made to the Government of Maharashtra, to donate Rs. one lakh to the library. The building was completed with the financial support of the 'Janata Cooperative Bank, Pune, Shri Panchaganga Co-operative Bank, Kolhapur Municipal Corporation and efforts of directors, members and donors like daily Aikya etc. and after a period of about hundred years the extension of building was completed. The total amount spent on the construction of the new extension building was Rs. 5,19,434.39. Inauguration of new building was held under the Presidentship of Shri S.G. Bhosale, Commissioner of Kolhapur Municipal Corporation and in the presence of Shri Lalasaheb Yadav M.L.A. and Shri Suresh Palmitkar, Editor of daily Aikya.

Naming ceremony of new building was held under the Presidentship of Shri Shankarrao Chavan, the then Defence Minister of India, on 15th Sep­ tember, 1984. The new building was named after Shri Ratnappa Kumbhar, freedom fighter and a leader of the cooperative movement for the last few decades.

On this occasion Chief Minister of Maharashtra donated Rs. 25,000/- to the library. The first floor was named as Shreemati Radhabai Balkr- ishna Joshi Sabhagraha under the Presidentship of Swami Chinmayananda.

79 Commissioner of Kolhapur Municipal Corporation.Shri S.G. Bhosale do­ nated a T.V. set to be used for the adult education programme of the library. President of Panchaganga Co-operative Bank, Shri Palsule do­ nated audio equipment and Sharadrao Ashtekar announced a donation Rs. 500/- per year. The reading hall for students was opened on the second floor of the building. Reference, research and children's sections would be shifted to the new building in future. The hall will be rented on nominal fee for the Yoga classes, dramatic and cultural associations, for practice of dramatic and cultural activities. Viswanath - Parvati Gokhale Sabhagraha is utilised by different cultural, literary, educational associations.

The total built up area for Kolhapiu: Library is 10,763 sq.ft out of that 2100 sq. ft. was given to Janata Bank on rent basis (present rent Rs. 3375/- per month). The following area is used for the sections (i) Vish- wanath Parvati Gokhale Sabhagraha (Reading hall) - 1000 sq. ft. (ii) Prince Shivaji Hall (Reference hall) - 1000 sq. ft. (iii) Children's section -15 X 12 sq. ft. (iv) Ladies section 15 x 12 sq. ft. (v) Office, 12 x 20 sq. ft.

It is noticed that it is not having space to extend horizontally and there is a need to renovate some part of the building.

Nagar Vachanalaya, Satara (Satara Library) :

Geographical Environment of Satara District

Satara at the Western limit of Deccan Table land, lies between 16^50' and 18^10' North and 73M5' and 75^^00'. East. It has an area of 10,480 sq.km. and a population of 24,45,000 according to 1991 census with towns

80 and villages. The total percentage of literacy is 38.32 (Male 52.38%, female 24.77%).

Division Tahsils Area in Population Sq. km. Satara Satara 915.3 3,67,907 Karad 1,069.4 4,58,646 Jawali 892.8 1,17,306 Patan 1,330.0 2,72,505 Phaltan Khandala 526.5 1,00,624 Phaltan 1,180.5 2,75,921 Man 1,440.0 1,83,596 Khatav 1,318.6 2,33,111 Wai Wai 593.4 1,66,781 Mahabaleshwar 226.1 44,374 Koregaon Koregaon 944.3 2,24,229 The present district of Satara owes its administrative evolution to sev­ eral changes that took place, first during the British rule, and subsequently during post independence period till as late as the year 1960. The core of the district was supplied by Satara principally after its lapse in the year 1848. Several boundaries and subdivisional adjustments were later on made with neighbouring districts and with the lands of neighbouring Indian princes. With the merger of the princes' territories in 1947, the district was enlarged and divided into North Satara and South Satara.

In 1960, the north Satara reverted to its original name Satara, south Satara was designated as district. The Satara district has eleven talukas.

The district has compact shape, with an 'l^ast-West stretch of about 90

81 miles and north-south about 70 miles. Administratively it is bordered by Pune district on the whole of (!^orthern side, by SJlolapur district on the Bast, by the on the South and Ratnagiri district on "West. Krishna is the main river of the district. Koyana river has got importance due to famous dam on the river.

Mahabaleshwar, Panchagani are the famous hill stations and other fa­ mous spots of the district are Sajjangad, Pratapgad, Chaphal, Koyana nagar and Aundh museum. Establishment and Early History : While tracing the origin of the library, it appears that, it originated during the rule of Pratapsinha Maharaj Bhosale. After the death of King Pratapsinha, his brother Shrimant Appasaheb looked after it. After him, his wife Sagunabai handed over the library to the public. In the gazetteer it mentions that "This library owns a nice building which was given to it by the widow of Shahaji, the last of Satara^^

This library was established in 1852^^ . In February 1886, it was named as city central library. In 1882-83 the number of subscribers were 107 and the subscription amounted to about $98(i?s880). The library had 1761 English, Marathi and Sanskrit books including two English dailies of Bombay. The library had eighteen English and twelve Marathi papers and pamphlets.

Change of Name : In 1901 it was named as 'Satara Victoria Library'. A hall was con-

^'Bombay Gazetteer : Deccan Satara, p. 414. ^^Dhnyanodaya, Pustak 11 May 1852, p. 142.

82 structed on the first floor of the Hbrary called as 'Aurther Hall' which was used for arranging lectures and meetings. This was renamed as 'Pathak Hair.

Congress party started working actively since 1937. The effect of this was on the changing the name of the library. It was named as 'Nagar Vachanalaya' from 1938. It got recognition as 'Free reading room from January 1948. It is recognised as 'A' class District Library.

Building : Library was situated at the South-East corner of the Bhavani square. It was situated at the South and Nf^estern side of today's building, had garden in front of it. In 1901 fund was collected from every district for the memorial of Queen Victoria. Accordingly Rs. 2,200 was collected and Rs. 200 out of that was sent to Calcutta, remaining fund was utilised for the construction of the library. The estimation of the expenditure was Rs. 4000/-. J.R. Aurther^^ was very popular amongst European officer. In his mem­ ory fund of Rs. 4000, was collected in 1876. It was not used because the Queen took objection. In this way one storeyed building was constructed by spending Rs. 8000/- ^^. Ground floor library was known as 'Victo­ ria Library' and Hall was known as 'Aurther Hall'. During construction of building it was shifted temporarily in Municipal Marathi Scool in old palace. Building was inaugurated on 7 August 1905. Aurther hall inaugu­ ration was done by the collector of Satara Shri S.R. Aurther.

Shri Ray Bahadur V.N. Pathak's relatives donated Rs. 2000/- from

^^Aacharya S. B. Nagar Vachanalaya, Satara : 125 In 125 Varshachi Vatachal, 1853-1978, p.2 24lbid.

83 which a hall was repaired. His name was given to hall after his death. Initially it was managed by the separate committee but in 1945, it was cancelled and charge was given to the library.

A big hall of the size of 58 x 18' was constructed with the help of the loan of Rs. 3500 taken from Western Indian Trustee and Executor Company at the rate of Rs. 4/- interest.

As per the needs of the readers it was felt necessary to plan extension of building. For this purpose a map was submitted to the District Planning Officer in 1973, but it was not approved due to lack of space. Plan of build­ ing prepared by Architect Shri Mahendra Chavan was approved and the stone laying ceremony by Shri Manohar Bhagwat was held on 24.12.1978. On this occas^ion Rotary Club declared amount of Rs. 50,000^'^ for build­ ing under the condition that one of hall should be named as 'Satara City Rotary Community Hall'.

Satara Zilla Parishad donated Rs. 25,000, Ratan Tata Trust donated Rs. 10,000/-. In this way total Rs. 56,409 building fund was collected in 1979.

During construction library was shifted temporarily in the Palace of Abhay Sinha Raje and reading hall in the Aaryangal Medical College, Satara. The building was inaugurated by Mr. A.R. Antule, Chief Minister of Maharashtra on 9.9.1980 and library working was started in the new build­ ing since 19.10.1980. The construction of other floors was held up due to shortage of cement. In 1982 it got additional land of 225 sq. ft. which

^^Satara Library, Annual Reporgt, 1978-79, p. 8

84 changed earlier estimation and plan. Administrator officer helped for re­ moval of unauthorised shops which were in the premises of building.

Funds for building were raised by organising programmes such as Bhavsargam, exhibitions etc.

They made appeal to the pubhc to donate Re. 1 per head and in this way Rs. 53^^ were collected in 1985-86. The following is the list of donors with amount :

Ms. Kirloskar Pneumatic, Pune Rs. 25,000 Mr. S.V. Dharale Rs. 1,001 Mr. S.G. Mahajani Rs. 1,001 Sakal Papers Pvt. Ltd., Pune Rs. 1,000 Kirloskar Cummins Ltd., Rs. 25,000 Kirloskar Oil Engine, Pune Rs. 10,000 W.R. Talwalkar brothers Ltd., Bombay Rs. 5,000 W.R. Talwalkar sales and services Rs. 25,000 K.M. Agashe Rs. 1,000 Chief Minister, Maharashtra Rs. 10,000.

For the completion of roof, electricity, plastering, furniture etc. building fund was raised through donation, government and individuals. Expendi­ ture made for this purpose was:

1989-90 Rs. 75983.25 1991-92 Rs. 75668.00 1993-94 Rs. 33587.00 1,10000

Library had two storeyed building with built up area 8000 sq. ft. in­ cluded store rooms of 13' x 8.9', 27.9' x 27.9' size. Children's room and

2«Ibid, 1985-86, p. 10.

85 reading room are quite spacious, measuring 52' x 20' and 86' x 48' respec­ tively.

Shri Hirachand Nemachand Vachanalaya, Solapur (Solapur Li­ brary).

Geographical Environment of Solapur district :

Solapur is one of Western districts of Maharashtra. It has an area of 15,017 sq. km. with eleven talukas, such as Karmala, Barsi, Madha, Malashiras, Pandharpur, Mohola, Uttar Solapur, Dakshin Solapur, San- gola, Mangalawadha and Akkalkot. As per 1991 census total population of the district is 32,24,034. Percentage of literate persons is 62.61 (Male 74.83% female 49.94% and Rural 51.45% Urban 69.00%). Establishment :

As a result of British policy, a native general library was established in the city Solapur in the year 1853^^ . Library was registered on 27 February, 191328. Change of Name : In 1921 Dr. Kanetkar, put proposal before the General Committee's meeting, which was approved and resolution made for the removal of word 'Native' from the name of the library 'Solapur Native General Library'. Up to 1957 it was known as 'Solapur General Library'. In 1927-1928 late shri Hirachand Nemachnada Doshi donated Rs. 14,500/- for the construction of the building. To recognise his donation library was named as Shree Hirachand Nemachand Vachanalaya since 1957.

2^0. D. 1853 Vol. 46, pp. 82-83. 28Solapur Library 1913-14, p. 2

86 It was recognised as 'district library in the year 1947 under the super­ vision of Curator of libraries, Bombay State. Maharashtra Government recognised it as 'A' class library as jjer position of MPLA, 1967. Building :

Due to the lack of proper space, this library initially suffered for many years. Up to 1912 library was in the school of Municipality in the Hajimal Square. It was shifted for some time in Bhave Wada and Dani Wada till the year 1927.

Due to the special efforts made by the President of the Municipality late Dr. V.V. Muley, Solapur Municipality provided land free of cost for li­ brary building. Sheth Hirachand Nemachand, education lover donated Rs. 14,500/- for the construction of the building. In 1957 Gulabchand Hirac­ hand Doshi, son of Shetha Hirachand Nemchand, donated Rs. 20,000/-.

The construction of the first floor of the building was started on 12.4.1956 and the construction was completed in the month of August.

In 1961, followers of Lokmanya Tilak from Solapur donated an amount of Rs. 20,000 to the library, from which a separate hall on the first floor was constructed known as 'Tilak Smarak Mandir'.

Inauguration of this floor of the building was held in the Presidentship of Shri S.N. Sapre at the hands of Deshabhakta Shri Channusinha Chandle. On this occaf}sion a building adviser. Engineer Shri J. S. Pimpale was felicitated.

The family of Dr. W.K. Kirloskar donated Rs. 10,000. Vakrutvotejaka Mandal, Navyug lecture series contributed Rs. 3600 to the library for pro- viding reading facility. Study room for students was constructed known as 'Navayug Abhyas Griha'. Nominal charges from the students were charged.

The land 8000 sq. ft. at the South side of the library was purchased at the cost of Rs. 24,000/- form Shri Abdul Rajale Haji Hajaral Khan along with the renter. Member of the executive body tried to get the place back which was possessed by the renter. It was renovated and separate children's section was opened Shri Tulsidas Rapelli, in the memory of his father Late Sri Ramkrishna R. Rapelli donated Rs. 25,000/-.

Due to the disturbance caused by noise and inconvenience in rainy sea­ son, management body decided to reconstruct the building. Accordingly, funds were raised through exhibitions, shops, government and citizens of Solapur. Construction of the building was started from July 1952. As per rule, permission for construction from Charity Commissioner, Corporation, Solapur was taken. It was planned to build in three steps. The estimation of the building was Rs. 75 lakhs. Plan of the building was prepared by Archivisa Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Pune. Contract was given to Shri M. Harshe Associate.

The function of foundation laying of new construction was held on 19.7.1992 by Pandit Bimsen Joshi. The library recieved first instalment of building grant from the Government of Maharashtra of Rs. 75,000 in 1993-94. The first stage of library building was completed in 1994. It was inau­ gurated by Shri P.L. Deshpande, under the Presidentship of popular singer Pandit Bhimshen Joshi.

For building purpose, Rs. 1 lakh donated by Dr. Shakuntala Meerashi,

88 Shevanti Muralidhar Charitable Trust contributed Rs. 1 lakh. Out of that Rs. 20,000 was released immediately. By 1995-96 from Government of Maharashtra it will receive grant of Rs. 1,50,000/-. The total built up area for Solapur library is 6000 sq. ft. (New building) 1680 sq. it. i«'>B:progre^. It has 9110 sq. ft. open space. This library is having sufficient space for coming out with different extension activities. From a study of the plans of building it is noticed that there is a ten­ dency towards a more open lay-out. All sections were accommodated in a single hall, separated, if at all, merely by an arrangement of book cases. As far as small libraries were concerned, of course, there was nothing new in this. It had been suggested by the Carnege Corporation of America as early as 1911, and between that date and 1939 there had been many examples of one room libraries. The difference was that what had formerly been done perforce was now being done by choice^^.

Dhondo Shamrao Garud Zilla Vachanalaya : (Dhule Library)

Geographical Environment of Dhule District

Dhule district has an area of 13,150 sq.km. with ten talukas such as Akkalkuwa, Talode, Shahada, Nandurbar, Shirapur, Sindakheda, Nawa- pur, Sakri, Dhule, and Akarani. As per 1991 census total population of the district is 25,29,346, literate persons percentage is 51.22(63.13% male and 38.78% fmale; 44.78% rural and 75.71% urban).

Establishment and Early History :

In the year 1854^^ district judge Mr. Arthur St. John Richardson estab- •^^Berriman, S.G. " The provision and design of county library buildings In LA Conference Proceedigs, 1958, pp. 28-30. ^°Joshi, M.R. Shambhar Varshacha trotak vritanta, 1956, p.l.

89 lished a library for Maharashtrian students who were studying in English school. It was handed over to the English school and Headmaster Shri Narayan Balal Limaye took the responsibihty of it as a secretary. As Mr. Richardson took initative for establishing the library it was known as 'Richardson library and reading room'. He took the lead in changing the name of the library as 'Native General Library' and also worked as the first President of the library.

In the memory of Shri Dhondo Shamrao Garud, Shri Ganpatrao Govin- drao Garud donated Rs. 1500 in 1907. Since then library is known as 'Dhondo Shamrao Garud Library'. It was recognised as 'A' class district hbrary as per MPLA,1967.

Building : In 1854 it was housed in English School. But due to growtl^the library building was found inadequate to meet growing needs of the members and the library. English school committee purchased a bunglow on the bank of the river 'Panzara'. Library was shifted in the hut, which was in the premises of bunglow. In 1871, a hexagonal building was constructed, the cost of which was borne by Dhule Municipahty, and Sheth Hanumandas Shevakdas. Bombay Government released special grant of Rs. 500/-.

Municipality spared a land at the back side of the Garud High school free of cost on 16 October 1905. Library building was completed in 1907.

In 1978 construction of new building was started, when institution had only Rs. 25,000 and planned for Rs. 71,000 Central Government gave grant of Rs. 28,400. In addition to that Nagar Parishad Dhule, donated an amount of Rs. 10,000/-. In 1984-85 library authority was thinking of a

90 decision to have a permanent source of income from four, five tenants.

Construction of building was started in 1993. An amount of Rs. 1,39^65 was collected, where as estimation of construction was Rs. 1,50,000. In fact expenditure incurred was Rs. 1,68,000.

Total area possessed by the library is 14,448 sq. ft. New building has two big halls having size 32' x 22' and 36' x 22' in addition to old construction of 4290 sq. ft. It possessed additional space for rendering services. In future authority should prepare a plan for utilisation of space.

Sangli (Zilla) Nagar Vachanalaya (Sangli library) Geographical Environment of the Sangli District : Sangli district was known as 'South Satara'. Since 1961 it is known as Sangli. It is made up of talukas which once formed part of the old Satara district and partly of the state and Jagirs belonging to Patvardhans and Dattes which came to be merged during the post independence period. The present area of Sangli district was included in old Satara district and partly in the former states of Aundh, Jath, Sangli, Kurundwal (Senior), (Senior) and Wadi estates.

The Sangli district is one of the Southern districts of Maharashtra lying between 16^43' and 17''38'Morth latitude and 73^1' and 75''41'Bast latitude and has an area of 8572 sq.km. with eight talukas and eight towns. The district has 711 villages of which two villages are uninhabited according to the 1981 census. On the Morthern side the district is bounded by the Satara district, and Solapur district in the West. On the Southern side it is bordered by the Kolhapur district in the West, and Belgaum and Bijapur districts in the centre and 9ast. As per 1991 census total population of

91 the district is 21,97,977. Literate persons are 1,919,795 ie. 62.61%(Rural -59.19%, Urban-74.15%).

Establishment and Early History : Sangli Zilla Nagar Vachanalaya was established in the year 1863^^ . Mr. Ravasaheb Balkrishna Mone had taken lead in the establishment of this library. He was a tutor of Shrimant Dhundiraj who was the ruler of in 1859. Prior to 1879 library was under government administration and only government servants could use the library. Some English books, biographies, newspapers in English were in the collection. The books pur­ chased for Shrimant Dhundiraj were also debited to the library account, The library which was formed for <9rovernment servants in 1863 was trans­ formed in to Sangli Library and Books Club in 1879. Change of Name : Prior to 1879 information about the library's name can not be found in any document. According to many people the library was known as 'Dhundiraj Book Club'. In 1879 the library became public library and was known as 'Sangli Library and Book Club', In the 1st constitution of this library, in the year 1896, the name was given as 'Sangli General Library'. In the period of 2nd administration in the year 1900 to 1910, with the suggestion of administrator Captain Burk, library's name was changed to 'Native General Library'. In 1924 the constitution of the library was revised by passing a resolution. The record says, the title 'Native' be omitted and the library be renamed as 'Sangli General Library'. In 1945 there was a shift from English nomenclature to the regional language i.e. Sangli Nagar

^^Marathe, M. S. "Sangli (Zilla) Vachanalayacha Sankshipta itihas " In Dhnyanadeep, 1969, pp 1 - 24.

92 Vachanalaya and later in 1950 to 'Saiigli (Jilha) Nagar Vachaiialaya', the present name.

Aim of the Institution : In the constitution of 1896 there was a provision to arrange lectures and invite people and the expenditure for this should be debited to the 'Sadilwar' account. In the constitution of 1924 it was decided to develop collection of books and newspapers for readers. Instead of giving preference to service to the users it gave preference to book collection. But after in­ dependence all the institutions were started working as pubhc institutions in the true sense. In the year 1945-47, the aim of the library was to de­ velop intellectual outlook of members and help public education. Library had started organizing various lectures, orientation and recreational pro­ grammes, Since 1950 library started representing as a district library. In 1954 it had organized a conference of Maharashtra Granthalaya Parishad.

Building : In 1863, four institutions were working in three storeyed building of Mr. Bhide which was gipposite of the present Ganapati Temple building. In one of its rooms, library was housed. It was shifted in 1879 to the second floor of Nagarpalika building. In those days all the government offices were located in the compound of Ganapati Temple area. Therefore all the government servants used to go to the library for reading news­ papers and were borrowing books before returning home from work. Many new buildings were built in the administration of Captain Burk and all government and cultural centres we^shifted to these new buildings. Municipalty sold this old building to Panjarpola Institutions. The library

93 in that place was served a legal notice to vacate the place before 31st March, 1910. Captain Burk allowed accomodation to the library near Northern side of high school building. A new one storeyed building of size 36' x 18' was also given to library. In 1911 library was having its own building. The expenditure of building Rs. 4,200 was given to library as 'Tasalmat'. This special grant was given in three instalments, i.e. in year 1909 Rs. 3,000,00; in 1910 Rs. 320.00 and in 1911 Rs. 880.00 respectively.

Library building was sufficient for development when the first world war started in 1914 and was continued upto 1918. People were very much anxious to know war news. Consequently the number of subscribers of library increased substantially. So the proposal for extension of library building was made in the annual meeting of 11th August 1918 by Secretary^ Mr. M.K. Athavale which was accepted.

The first public lecture was arranged on 5th July, 1921 on the subject 'Libraries as Educative Institutions' and in this way library had started functioning as educational and cultural centre.

For development of building Rs. 1800.00 were given as 'Tasalmat' to the Diwan of State Mr. R.B. Kumathekar and afterwards this amount was to be treateed as grant. This was oral promise given at the time. Secretary Mr. M.K. Athavale had accepted the proposal. But in 1920 after retirement of Mr. R.B. Kumathekar new Diwan Mr. R.J. Athawale ordered that the amount of Rs. 1800.00 be paid to the Treasury. He did not accept the explanations and started steps to recover the Tasalmat amount. In addition to this he also reduced yearly grant of Rs. 320.00 to Rs. 100 which was promised to be given from the state. In 1931 again

94 this matter was put up before Shrimant Sir Chintamanrao Patwardhan. He suggested a solution that out of Rs. 1800.00, Rs. 200.00 from personal income as a donation, Rs. 600.00 from Darbar as a grant and Rs. 600 from Ganapati Trust as a grant be given. This was sanctioned by all and 'Tasalmat' problem was solved forever.

The number of newspapers and book collection was increasing as the number of subscribers increased. But because of lack of funds, it was not possible for the institution to extend the library building. In those days lectures were organised in the open place in front of library building. In 1950-51 two rooms were added to eastern back side of the building from the donation given by Sangli Nagar Palika and Ugar Sugar Works. In 1958 the donation given by late Professor Gangunana Kanitkar's family members, new building's ground floor was constructed. In this building, library's collection, issuing section and office was shifted. In 1960-62 from the collected donations of institution 2nd floor of this building was con­ structed. The 2nd floor was a big hall which would be used for lectures and conferences.

The present library building was constructed in the year 1965. It was constructed on the condition that tenants had to give advance deposits and would be adjusted against monthly rent. The approximate estimate of this building was Rs. 2.5 lakhs. Most of the tenants were shop-keepers. There was some sort of non-co-operation from the people. But the important objective behind this decision was that institution would get permanent flow of income from these tenants. Building's construction was completed in 1969. New building has more space (8616 sq. ft.) as compared to old

95 one (3200 sq. ft).

The library has following different sections.

Table : 3 1 Various sections of the library Sr.No. Name of the section Inaugurated by Inauguration year/Date 1. Lokamanya Tilak Shri Jayantrao 17.8.1956 Study Room Tilak 2. Mrs. Indumati Tilak Shailaja Raje 1956 Women's Section 3. Dinanath Mangeshkar Shri Atalbihari Vajpeyi 11.5.1979 Hall and Hridaynath Mangeshkar 4. Daftardar News — July 1980 Paper and Reference Section 5. Kusanalkar Shri Ratnakar Wagh 23.2.1982 Circulation Section 6. Late Kalindibai Sane- Shri Dinkar Patil 11.6.1982 Children Section 7. Kusanalkar Meeting Shri Balasaheb 18.3.1985 Hall Jadhav 8. WelankarHall Shri Kallapanna 15.4.1989 Awade

Library has one entrance and one exit provided for the public. The catalogue is placed near circulation counter. But some additional space is needed for using catalogues. Circulation counter is located near the main entrance but it is inadequate in space. To supervise properly, lending department is nearer to circulation counter. There is no separate room for

96 periodicals and news papers in this library. Periodicals are kept in reading room with newspapers, and bacic issues are kept on the tables. There must A be periodical rack.

Reading room of the library is on the first floor. Sloping racks are provided for newspapers and periodicals. Totally 27 newspapers stands and tables are available. Photographs of eminent persons in India are displayed. In the library Audio visual equipment is kept in Reference section. Therefore whenever people are watching T.V. Programmes, it is not possible to consult reference work.

The special feature of this library is separate furnished section for chil­ dren and women. Lecture hall is used in public library for film shows, musical concerts, competitions, lectures, etc. Lecture hall is recently con­ structed on the second floor. There is no separate room for administrative purpose. In the lending department, tables are kept for administrative, processing work.

The built up area is 6696 sq. ft. The sections are as follows : 1. Book section - ground floor - 1978 sq. ft. 2. General Reading Room - first floor - 1978 sq. ft. 3. Children and Ladies section - ground floor - 945 sq. ft. 4. Office - 585 sq. ft. 5. News papers and reference section - ground floor - 182 sq.ft With increase in the number of books and members, the existing space has been found inadequate

Marat hi Grant ha Sangraphalaya, Thane (Thane Library)

Geographical Environment of Thane District Thane district is one of the Western districts of Maharashtra. It has an

97 area of 9958 sq. km. with thirteen talukas, such as Dahanu, Mokhade, Jawhar, Palghar, Wada, Wasai, Bhiwandi, Shahapur, Marbad, Thane, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar and Talasari. As per 1991 census total population of the district is 52,49,126 hterate percentage is 69.54(77.56% male, 60.28% female and 79.85% rural and 85.27% urban). Establishment and Early History : Native General Libraries were established during 1845 -1890 at districts and other towns in Maharashtra. But the Marathi books available in the libraries were few as compared to English books. Therefore need for the establishment of a library of Marathi books has been stressed for the first time by late Vinayak Laxman Bhave, late Vishnu Bhaskar Patvardhan and others. Taking into consideration this deficiency^, Marathi Granthasangra- halaya has been established at Thane on 1 June 1893^^. This is the first library which was established for the collection of all the Marathi books^^. The main objective of the institution was to acquire and collect Marathi books, rare books and manuscripts and to increase reading habits of the readers.

Building : In the year 1920, a building was purchased at the cost of Rs. 8500/-. As financial assistance was not made available for the repair, it was sold for Rs. 7255/- i.e. in lesser price to Brahman Sabha. Another accommodation was taken on rent basis for 35 years in the ground of Aryakrida Mandal at the corner of Kharkar lane which was under the possession of Padmalcar Trust. A foundation stone laying ceremony was organised on 15.5.1929

^^Thane Library, Pahila report, 1893-94, p.l. ^^Thane Library, Amritmahotsava, 1969, p. 1.

98 at the hands of Bharatacharya Chiiitamanrao Vaidya. The building was completed at a cost of Rs. 18,500^^ on 8 June 1930. It was inaugurated at the hands of Haribhakta Pandit L.R. Pangarkar. It was named 'Saraswati Mandir'. The building was not suitable from the reader's point of view. Thane city was developed at the other side, this resulted in the reduction of the number of members. For example, in 1930 members were 216 and it reduced up to 83 in 1939. The alternative to this problem was to establish branch library in the city. Against opposition, branch library was estab­ lished on station road on 1 March 1940. Expenditure of first six months after shifting was borne by the members and they collected separate fund for this.

Secretary and other members of the management committee tried to locate a suitable place. The present building place (400sg yard) was taken on lease for eight years on rent basis. A temporary shed was constructed and library started organising lectures and other cultural activities. It was not sufficient for providing services to the readers (85x25).

In 1959, land from municipahty was purchased, on payment of Rs. 365.40. In the same year attempt were made to purchase rented place from the government. It was obtained in 1960. In this way total 775 sq. yard space was available for the construction of the building. In 1967 Sar- swati Mandir in Kharkar lane was purchased from Padmakar Trust at the cost of Rs. 25,000/-.

For the construction of this building a committee was established of members like Late V.P. Oak, Late M.V. Hegade, Late K.K. Raut, Shree

^''Thane Library, Annual Report, 1931, p. 3.

99 D.D. Kale, Shri H. Thakur, Late D.B. Deval. Committee took approval from the charity commissioner for raising the funds and loan from the bank. Maharashtra Government granted special grant of Rs. 25,000 and institution collected Rs. 9000 as a deposit from the members. An advance amount was collected from the six shop keepers, which were reduced from the rent.

An amount of Rs. 1,25,000 loan was taken with minimum interest from the Central Bank of India . Rs. 1,75,185 was spent on the construction of new building. Ground floor was given to the Central Bank of India on rent. Inauguration of the new building was held under the presidentship of Late G.D.W. Potadar in presence of Yashwantrao Chavan, Ex. Defence Minister of India, on 21.4.1968. It is two storeyed building. Ground floor was given to the Central Bank of India. On each floor it has a big hall of the size 60 x 40 sq. ft.

Library possesses sufficient space at present for rendering the services to the readers. It is having a plan to build up another storey in future.

Pune Marathi Granthalaya (Pune Library)

Geographical environment of Pune District :

The Pune District is one of the Western Districts of Maharashtra. It has an area of 15,642 sq. km. with fourteen talukas, viz., Ambegaon, Baramati, Bhor, Daunda, Haweli, Indapur, Junnar, Mawal, Mulshi, Pune city, Purandar, Rajgurunagar, Shirur, Welhe.

As per 1991 census total population of the district is 54,94,336,Literate

100 percentage is 71.05 (Rural 60.74%, urban 80.70%).

Establishment and early history : Mr. B.G. Tilak along with his colleagues Mr. G.G. Agarkar and Prof. S.G. Jinsiwale and others thought of establishing a library of Marathi books with the name Saraswati Mandir in 1893. But it could not materialise. Mr Bikaji Pant Hardikar, associate of B.G. Tilak collected some Marathi books and established a library of Marathi books. This collection was kept in the hall of Sarvajanik Sabha for the use of the people^^ . Because of the death of Mr. Hardikar it did not receive attention by the society mainly due to the plague epidemic. Another reason may be that there was already a public library, the Poona Native General Library in a flourishing conditon. But Mr. H.R. Bhagwat, Prof. N.R. Phatak, Mr. G.S. Sathe, Mr. Ramkr- ishnapant Paradkar and Mr. Bhaushastri Lele helped to establish Pune Library and foundation of it was announced in the Kirloskar Natyagriha (presently the Vasant theatre) on the day of Vijaya Dashmi.

Pune Marathi Granthalaya was established in the year 1911 under the Presidentship of Mr. Raosaheb Nanasaheb Bhavanrao Pavagi and N.C. Kelkar was its Vice-President Mr. V.D. Talvalkar, Pleader and Mr. R.D. Paradkar, Editor and owner of Lokasangarah magazine and press were its first secretaries. It seems that from the begining it got able guidance and support from scholars.

Building : Pune Library initially was accommodated in Sahitya Samrat N.C. Kelkar's wada from where it was shifted to Mr. Chitguppi's wada near the Khunya

35pataukar, A. N. "Iwalese rop". Aboli, V. 1 (1980), p. 137-142.

101 Maruti Mandir. Then it was temporarily moved to Mr. Vaman Talwalkar's place near Vishrambag wada. In the year 1929 Pune Library purchased Sardar Barve's wada in Narayan Peth having a space of 9000 sq. ft. with open space at the cost of Rs. 9000.

A building fund was raised for a proposed two storeyed building of the Pune library. An appeal was made for donation. Mr, Pavagi took special efforts to attract many learned persons towards the library. In response, great personalities from the city as well as outsiders gave the donations.

The construction of the new building was completed by the well known contractor Mr. Rambhau Sathe and imder the supervision of an engineer Mr. Bhausaheb Pawar. It was inaugurated on November 20, 1938 by Mr. Balasaheb Kher. On this occasion Mr. N.C. Kelakar, President of Pune library put forth the idea of establishing a central library for the Bombay province. A committee was appointed for the discussion in this connection. But it could not materialise.

From 1938 to 1985 there were no major repairs made except for the renovation of the reading room in 1978. For this purpose Pune Corporation and Maharashtra Government contributed an amount of Rs. 5000 and 50% grant of expenditure respectively. ^^

A stone foundation ceremony was held on January 13, 1985 at the hands of Rajamata Vijayaraje Shinde. On this occassion many prominent citizens and trustees declared to donate funds for building. For example late Harib- hau Waghire Trust Rs. 25,000/- Bhausaheb Bakare Trust, Rs.11,000/-, Shri K.D. Joshi Rs. 5000/-.

^^Thane Library, Annual report 1978-79, p. 5.

102 Keeping the ground floor as it is three more floors were added. The home lending, study room, children's section and reference sections were shifted to this new building of 9000 sq. ft. On each floor it has big halls having size of 60' x 30'. Office, Reading hall are situated on the ground floor. The study room and Muktangan Bal Vibhag (30a:20') (set up out of the donation of Rs. 61,000/- from the RL. Deshpande Foundation) occupied second and third floor respectively. Whereas first floor is used for home lending purpose known as 'Vaghale-Baghire Sabhagriha'.

A need was felt to have separate study room and hall for organising cultural programme. For this purpose fund was raised by publishing spe­ cial magazine 'Aboli' and library organised 63rc? Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan. In 1990-91 Rs. 1,25,000 ^^ and Rs. 1,06642 in 1991- 92 ^^ collected from welcoming body of Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan and Rs. 11,000 from Aboli. Besides this 204 citizen contributed Rs, 101/- each. Library collected the following amount from the donors for the construc­ tion of building :

Aboli Diwali Anka - Rs. 10 lakhs Shri P. L. Deshpande - Rs. 61,000/- Haribhau Waghire Trust - Rs. 1,25000/- Late Bhausaheb Bakare - Rs. 36,000/- Ms K. D. Joshi - Rs. 31,000/- RRRLF - Rs. 50,000/- In this way, institution collected total amount of Rs. 16 lakhs. The estimated expenditure of extension building was Rs. 25 lakhs. First part

^^Ibid. 1990-91, p. 12 38lbid, 1991-92, p. 11.

103 of it was completed in May 1996. Pune library got possession of two storeyed extension buildig of 60' x 33' sq.ft. on each floor. At present it has built up area 12,430 sq.ft. and open area 9000 sq.ft. Space is sufficient for providing the present services. Comments : It is evident that all district libraries are housed in their own buildings. All of them were having residential buildings, now converted into library buildings. Kelly^^ mentions that most public libraries, therefore had to be con­ tent at least in their early stages with makeshift accommodation, often overcrowded, ill lighted, ill ventilated and generally inconvenient. In some cases these drawbacks became obvious only when the library came into use and the extent of the public demand was realized; but in other cases the inadequacy of the premises was clear from the beginning. Location of library building was a matter of considerable discussion among librarians for a number of years. J. L. Wheeler's belief is that the best location of the library is where the crowd is, and this is supported by this study. All district libraries are placed in the heart of the down - town business and office district. It will be an ideal if the sites for buildings can be located near parks and gardens. Even parts of parks, gardens, depart­ mental stores, and area under the bridges can be utilised for this purpose. Maharashtra Government constructed number of Hutatma Smarak. It re­ main unutilised for many years. Such smarak can be taken for running the libraries. Harry Peterson^^ mentions that " in the light of experience and

^^Kelly, Thomas, A history of public libraries in Great Britain : 1845 - 1975, London, 1977, p. 67. ^"Peterson, H.N. "Developnaents in the planning of main library buildings". Library Trends, 20 (1972)

104 the vital unanimity of expert opinion, the town retail shopping and office area remains the best location for a new main library, barring unusual cir­ cumstances in a given situation. It is of interest to note that most of the larger main library buildings opened in recent years occupy such sites. It is noticed that with the increase in the number of books and members, the existing space has been found inadequate. Continuous attempt are to be made to increase the space available for library use. Funds were raised by way of donation from the individuals or public and grant from the Maharashtra. Completion of building took more time due to procedure in this respect. Additional services were started for children, women, library committee, reading hall etc. For such purposes the additional space built up from various grants which was utilised in a shorter period of time resulting in the demand for additional space. Some libraries located in the heart of the city did not have area for hor­ izontal expansion. Therefore library authorities have to resolve to vertical expansion. In order to have a permanent source of income some of the library area was given on rental basis to banks, shops etc. This has resulted into space problem. No library has given a thought of constructing branch library building or buildings at outer space of the town except Thane library. In future it seems that the libraries will have to construct new buildings outside the town and use the city library as a main service centre of the library. Due to increase in the population it seems that building extension pro-

105 grammes will have to be undertaken every ten years. Therefore there is a need to prepare a master plan of development of library buildings. In Karnataka, separte funds are allocated for construction of library building. On the same lines there should be separate fund to the tune of 50 crores for building purpose. For example UGC made separate provision for library building for every five years plans which is 100 % grantable. In case of library building 50% of funds for building purpose has to be raised and is mandatory for this purpose. This is inconvenient. Highcourt judge accepts postcard for repetition in India where as it came to know that the expenditure of submission of document requires Rs. 2000/- which is exhorbitant and the procedure is complicated. Another aspect is raising 50% matching grant is very difficult, therefore like UGC 100% grant should be sanctioned. An att-empt has been made in the following chapter to analyse ^he data collected from various district libraries, and discuss a general consensus arrived it.

106